商务英语

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商务英语900句

商务英语900句

1 I want a package deal including airfare and hotel.我需要一个成套服务,包括机票和住宿2 I'd like to change this ticket to the first class.我想把这张票换成头等车。

3 I'd like to reserve a sleeper to Chicago.我要预订去芝加哥的卧铺。

4 I won't check this baggage.这件行李我不托运。

5 I'd like to sit in the front of the plane.6 I missed my train.7 I haven't nothing to declare.我没申报的东西。

8 it's all personal effects.这些东西都是私人用品。

9 I'll pick up ticket at the airport counter.我会在机场柜台拿机票。

10 I'd like two seats on today's northwest flight 7 to Detroit, please. 我想订两张今天西北航空7班次到底特律的机票。

11 we waited for john in the lobby of the airport.我们在机场的大厅里等约翰。

12 I'd like to buy an excursion pass instead.我要买一张优待票代替。

13 I'd like a refund on this ticket.我要退这张票。

14 I'd like to have a seat by the window.我要一个靠窗的座位。

15 you have to change at Chicago station.你必须要在芝加哥站转车。

商务英语范文通用14篇

商务英语范文通用14篇

商务英语范文第一篇Dear Mr. XXX,We learn from ABC Co. ltd., New York that you are a leading exporter in your country. We are, at present, very much interested in importing your goods and would appreciate your sending us catalogue, sample books or even samples if possible.Please give us detailed information on CIF Guangzhou prices, discounts, and terms of payment.Should there be any items new to the . market, kindly let us know and send samples if available.We hope this will be a good start for a long and profitable business relation, and we assure you of our close attention to your offers.Sincerely,商务英语范文第二篇TuesdayDear Xiao Wang:I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am translating some important articles. There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually. I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating. So I think your electonic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work. I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much!Yours everSam商务英语范文第三篇Replying to an enquiry Ex 7: Sample answer: (219words)Dear Mr ZampieriWith reference to your letter dated 14 June, in which you requested information about A Cut Above, please find enclosed details about our company and the services we offer.Our aim is always to provide our clients with the best combination of food, entertainment and location. By choosing A Cut Above, you can relax and enjoy your special occasion while we do all the work. Events catered for by A Cut Above include corporate functions such asconversations and Christmas balls and also family celebrations such as birthdays, weddings and anniversaries.A Cut Above offers a variety of services from simply providing a gourmet menu to helping you choose the right venue and organise entertainment. We specialise in using our experience to meet your needs. To help us achieve this aim, we always arrange a meeting with a new client well before the date of any event in order to discuss the various possibilities.As you can appreciate, we are unable to give quotations before our initial briefing with a client as price per head varies with the choice of menu.To arrange a meeting or for any further information, please do not hesitate to contact myself or Elena Polidoro on 01623 713698.A Cut Above looks forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelySinead Welsh商务英语范文第四篇good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX major is packaging i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with an ease.And i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.I guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won\'t give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character?I cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.商务英语范文第五篇Good afternoon .I am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .First ofall ,my english name is ...and my chinese name is ..If you are going to have a jobinterview ,you must say much things which can show your willness to this job ,such as ,it is my long cherished dream to be .and I am eager to get an opportunity to do...and then give some examples which can give evidence to .then you can say something about your hobbies .and it is best that the hobbies have something to do with the job.What is more important is do not forget to communicate with the interviewee,keeping a smile and keeping your talks interesting and funny can contribute to the success.I hope you will give them a wonderful speech .Good luck to you !商务英语范文第六篇DearThank you for your comments.A copy of your letter has been forwarded to the author for his response. I am sure you will be hearing from him in the near future. I am pleased that you found our article informative and hope that you will continue to read our publication. Should you have any comments or questions in the future,please do not hesitate to write to this office.We value our readership and are proud to have you as a member of our family of subscribers. 商务英语范文第七篇GUARANTEEFOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby guarantee absolutely and payment of the within Note and agree to pay all cost of collection,legal expenses and attorneys\' fees,incurred or paid by the holder of the within Note in the collectionand/or enforcement of said Note and the enforcement of this Guaranty.No renewal orextension of said Note, no release orsurrender of any security for said Note or this Guaranty,no release of any person primarily or secondarily liable onsaidNote(including any maker, endorser or guarantor),no delay inthe enforcement of payment of said Note or this Guaranty and no delay oromission in exercising any right or power under said Note on this Guarantyshall affect the liability of any of the undersinged hereunder. The waives presentment, protest,demand, notice of dishonor ordefault,notice of acceptanceof this Guaranty and notice of any kind with respect to said Note or this Guarantyor the performance of the obligation under said Note or Guaranty.________________________(SEAL)________________________(SEAL)商务英语范文第八篇DearEveryone here at [name of firm] was saddened to learn of [name of employee] sudden illness.We know that this came on without any warning and while the proceeds from the group policy insurance coverage will defray a substantial amount of the medical costs, you may have need for some additional financial assistance to see you through this difficult time.Please do not hesitate to call on us if you need our assistance in this area. We consider [name of employee] to be one of our most valuable employees and a fine individual as well and would be most appreciative if you will let him know that we are all thinking of him商务英语范文第九篇DearThis is to inform youthat we have carefully reviewed your estimate on the parking lotrefurbishing. We are planning to contract with you for this work.We are unable to letthis contract immediately, as finalapproval of expenditures of this nature must come from the head office in NewYork.DearWe have received yourletter acknowledging receipt of the items we mailed to you and noticing us tocancel shipment of your order for those items which are back ordered.We will be issuing youa refund as soon as we have completed the necessary paperwork for your account.We would like to takethis opportunity to thank you for shopping through [name] Our new [specify] catalogshould be arriving at your home shortly, and I believe you will be pleased by some of the beautiful choicesour buyers have made this season.Thank you for yourpatience and understanding and for providing us with the opportunity to be ofservice to you.商务英语范文第十篇DearThank you for yourorder. At this time we cannot fill your order due to an unexpectedshipment delay from our overseas suppliers.We will hold yourorder for arrival of the merchandise, and ship shortly thereafter. Unfortunately, we cannot provide you with a specific shipping date at this time.Thank you for youranticipated patience in this matter.商务英语范文第十一篇Dear Sir: June 15, 2001We have discussed your offer of 5% and accept it on the terms quoted. We are prepared to give your product a trial, provided you can guarantee delivery on or before the 20th of September. The enclosed order is given strictly on this condition. We reserve the right of refusal of delivery and/or cancellation of the order after this date.Truly商务英语范文第十二篇Electronic mail,or e-mail for short,is an entirely new way of communication by means of fast,inexpensive,highly efficient and convenient,e-mail is so popular in developed countries that it is difficult to imagine modern life without it.Nowadays, millions of computers all over the world have been connected to form a global network called can send or receive by e-mail a variety of information and documents such as letters,papers, video and audio files to anyone in over 170 countries in a short harriers are not a problem, because internet software is capable of translating your mail into whatever language you want. you can also store,,edit,compile and search your e-maih most importantly,e-mail helps us overcome space and time limitations in communication.With the rapidly growing popularity of computers and the fast expansion of the information highway,wider and wider applications of internet e-mail will be developed and e-mail will soon become an indispensable means of communication.商务英语范文第十三篇Dear Mr ZampieriWith reference to your letter dated 14 June, in which you requested information about A Cut Above, please find enclosed details about our company and the services we offer.Our aim is always to provide our clients with the best possible combination of food, entertainment and location. By choosing A cut Above, you can relax and enjoy your special occasion while we do all the work. Events catered for by A cut Above include corporate functions such as conventions and Christmas balls and also family celebrations such as birthdays, weddings and anniversaries.A Cut Above offers a variety of services from simply providing a gourmet menu to helping you choose the right venue and organise entertainment. We specialise in using our experienceto meet your nees. To help us achieve this aim, we always arrange a meeting with a new client well before the date of any event in order to discuss the various possibilities.As you can appreciate, we are unable to give quotations before our initial briefing with a client as price per head vaires with choice of menu.To arrange a meeting or for any further information, please do not hesitate to contact myself or Elena Polidoro on 0123 4578.A Cut Above look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelySinead Walsh商务英语范文第十四篇Gentlemen:This is to inform you that we are unable to make delivery on the above referenced purchase order on the date indicated.We should have our merchandise ready to ship within 10 days of the original delivery date and we hope that you can hold off until that time.We did want to inform you of this delay as soon we were advised in order to give you as much time as possible to make alternate arrangements, if necessary. We can assure you,however, that if your order remains in force we will expedite delivery to you as soon as we have received the merchandise.Please accept our apology for this delay and thank you for your understanding.。

商务英语考试考些什么内容

商务英语考试考些什么内容

商务英语考试考些什么内容〔商务英语〕笔试主要考阅读、写作、听力,主要以选择题为主。

口语考试的内容基本固定,主要涉及建立和坚持商务联系,如何讨论工作,如何制订计划、安排会议等。

1.阅读:阅读短篇消息、广告、论文、报告等不同文体材料,回答多项选择形式的阅读理解题,把图表或字母与相应的描述连接起来,填空题:考核考生对文章结构的理解,填空题:考核考生对词汇及语法知识掌握的准确性,改错。

2.写作:写短篇消息,写信函或报告。

3.听力:依据所听材料填补全文中所缺内容,把摘录和相应的主题或要点连接起来,依据对话、采访或报告,回答多项选择形式的理解题。

4.口语:主要涉及建立和坚持商务联系,如何讨论工作,如何制订计划、安排会议等。

2 商务英语听力考什么1.考生与考官之间的交流,谈论个人状况,如学习工作、兴趣爱好等。

难度不高,大概就是一般的求职面试水平,而且一般不涉及专业的商务知识,这部分只要有点英语技巧,口语不差的人就能应付。

2.考生就某一商业话题做一分钟的〔演讲〕,难度有点大,但也可以通过背诵模板来进行准备。

3.两位考生讨论一个商业话题。

这部分的准备时间只有一分钟,时间紧,备考难度大。

商务英语学习环境也很重要,身边有人一起学习、一起施行会很好,有一个好老师就更好了。

3 商务英语口语考试考什么1.话题演讲部分在这一部分中,考官会分别给每位考生一张问题卡,上面有三个不同的话题,每个话题下又有几个提示点,考生从三个话题中选择一个进行演讲,并回答考官提出的问题。

考生演讲前,会有一分钟的准备时间,演讲时间为一分钟。

2.话题讨论部分在这一部分中,考官会向两名考生出示一张问题卡,其中有一个话题必须要两名考生通过讨论来完成,话题会有几个提示点,必须要在讨论中覆盖到,考生完成讨论后,考官会分别向考生就讨论中的内容进行提问,考生在讨论前有30秒的时间共同看题,讨论时间为3分钟。

商务英语专业术语

商务英语专业术语

商务英语专业术语1.询盘inquiry。

2.发盘offer。

3.还盘counter-offer。

4.接受acceptance。

5.商品品质quality of goods。

6.商品数量quantity of goods。

7.装运shipment。

8.装运日期date of shipment。

9.贸易术语trade terms。

10.付款方式terms of payment。

11.保险insurance。

12.索赔claims。

13.不可抗力force majeure。

14.仲裁arbitration。

15.合同合同contract。

16.销售代理sales agent。

17.购货协议purchase agreement。

18.贸易伙伴trading partner。

19.佣金commission。

20.海运提单maritime Bill of Lading。

21.供应链管理supply chain management。

22.跨国企业multinational corporation。

23.对外贸易foreign trade。

24.关税tariff。

25.贸易制裁trade sanctions。

26.贸易战trade war。

27.经济全球化economic globalization。

28.跨境电商cross-border e-commerce。

29.互联网金融internet finance。

30.一带一路Belt and Road Initiative。

31.贸易展览会trade fair。

32.商务洽谈business negotiation。

33.市场营销marketing。

34.品牌建设brand building。

35.企业文化corporate culture。

36.人力资源management personnel。

37.职位招聘job recruitment。

38.绩效评估performance appraisal。

商务英语怎么说

商务英语怎么说

商务英语怎么说
商务英语的英语:business English。

business,n. 商业,交易,生意。

例句:I wish I knew more abut business English.我真希望我多知道些商务英语。

参考例句:
I wish I knew more abut business English.
我真希望我多知道些商务英语。

business是什么意思:
n. 商业,交易,生意;公司,商店;事情;职责
Be engaged in; be Busy in
从事于
to sit for business
因公滞留
As Busy as a bee
(象蜜蜂)忙忙碌碌的
Monkey Business
耍些骗人的把戏、捣鬼
depressed business
不景气的生意
english是什么意思:
n. 英语;英格兰人
adj. 英格兰的;英格兰人的;英国的;英国人的;英语的A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English.
你的英语程度教书不够格。

John tutored the child in English.
约翰辅导那孩子学英语。

His knowledge of English is fair.
他的英语水平尚可。

Her English is indifferent.
她的英文很一般。

This is not in agreement with standard English usage.
这不符合标准英式用法。

商务英语:10个必备商务用语

商务英语:10个必备商务用语

商务英语:10个必备商务用语1. Greetings and Introductions在商务场合,一个良好的寒暄和介绍是建立关系的第一步。

以下是几个常用的商务英语用语:•Good morning/afternoon/evening - 早上好/下午好/晚上好•Nice to meet you - 很高兴见到你•How do you do? - 你好吗?•Allow me to introduce myself... - 允许我来介绍一下自己...•This is Mr./Ms. [Name], our CEO/Manager... - 这位是我们的首席执行官/经理,[姓名]先生/女士...2. Making Requests and Offers在商务交流中,请求和提供帮助是很常见的。

以下是几个有用的商务英语用语:•Could you please... - 你能否请...•Would you mind... - 你介意...•Can I offer any assistance? - 我可以提供任何帮助吗?•I would be happy/glad/willing to help - 我很乐意提供帮助•If there's anything else I can do, please let me know - 如果还有其他事项需要我协助,请告诉我安排会议时,需要使用适当的商务用语来表达你的意图和计划。

以下是几个常见的商务英语用语:•I'd like to arrange a meeting - 我想安排一次会议•Could we schedule a meeting for [date/time]? - 我们能否安排在[日期/时间]开会?•Can you please check your availability? - 请您确认您的时间是否方便?•Let's meet at [location] - 让我们在[地点]见面•Would it be possible to reschedule the meeting? - 是否可以重新安排会议?4. Making Invitations在商务场合,邀请某人出席活动或参加会议是很常见的。

商务英语相关词汇解析

商务英语相关词汇解析

商务英语相关词汇解析一、business and businesses商业和公司a business,company,or firm is an organization that sells goods or services .a business may also be referred to formally as a concern.business is the production,buying,and selling of goods and services.a business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.business is also referred to as commerce. this word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the business sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.注释:business 商业;生意;公司 company 公司;商号firm (合伙的)商号;商行 concern 康采恩(垄断企业形式之一)commerce 商业;商务 commercial 商业的;商务的;商用的enterprise 企事业单位 free enterprise 自由企业private enterprise 私人企业二、from multinationals to small firms 从跨国公司到小型企业large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the united states. corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. large companies operating in many countries are multinationals.big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.unlike some languages, english does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this rather clumsy expression.注释:corporation 大公司;股份有限公司 corporate 法人;团体multinational 跨国的;多国的 big business 大型企业;大公司small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司small business 小公司 small firm 小公司三、industries and sectors 工业及其部门businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food.sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.注释:industry 工业;产业 sector 部门;部分public sector 公共部门 private sector 私营部门manufacturing sector 制造部门 service sector 服务部门四、public sector and private 公共部门和私营部门when a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. a nationalized company is state-owned. when the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. this is privatization.the first to be sold off in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the public supply of electricity,water and gas: the utilities.注释:nationalized 国有化的 nationalization 国有化privatized 私有化的 privatization 私有化state-owned 国有的 sell off 廉价出清utilities 公用事业;公用事业部门五、stakes 份额;股份if company a owns shares or equity in company b, a has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in b. if a owns less than half the shares in b, it has a minority stake in b.if a owns more than half the shares in b, it has a majority stake or controlling stake in b. if you have shares in a company you are a shareholder.注释:shares/stake 份额;股份 equity 股份;产权;普通股票holding 持有;股票额 shareholding 持有股票数shareholder 股东 hold a stake 持有份额majority stake 大股东(50%以上) controlling stake 大股东minority stake 小股东原作者: mba100商务英语重点词汇(2)一、parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司a holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. if it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the subsidiary is a wholly-owned one.a holding company´s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of sister companies. a holding and its subsidiaries form a group.a conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different companies in different businesses. journalists also refer to large groups as giants.注释:holding company 控股公司 subsidiary 子公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司 parent company 母公司sister company 姐妹公司 group 集团公司conglomerate 联合大企业giant 大企业;企业巨人(新闻用语)二、predators,raiders,and white knights 掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者the takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a company or individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the target company as the prey. predators are also referred to as raiders or corporate raiders.a company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken over has a number of options. it may devise plans that give existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company, or holding on to an unattractive one. actions like these are poison pills.or it may persuade a friendly partner, a white knight, to take a stake in the company, thus preventing a complete takeover by a hostile bidder. bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if paid enough money for the shares they hold in the target company. this is green mail.注释:predator 掠夺者(恶意吞并其它企业) prey 猎物(被恶意并购的企业)raider 掠夺者(恶意并购其它企业) corporate raider 合伙掠夺者fend off a bid 阻止收购 ward off a bid 阻止收购poison bill毒药(公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产,而持有或购进价值不大的资产,从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力)white knight指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。

商务英语电子课件完整版

商务英语电子课件完整版
3. Do you think Aptitude, IQ, or personality tests is important? Why? 4. What do you think about physical examination in the selection
process? 5. How to explain the candid comments?
desire n. 欲望 vt.想要 opportunity n. 机会 applicant n. 申请人 potential adj. 潜在的 enthusiasm n.热情,热心 Résumé n. 简历 clarification n. 澄清 conservatively adv. 保守 initially adv. 最初, 首先 overbearing adj. 傲慢的,压倒一切的; v.
Unit1 Job-Hunting
Learning Objective
After studying this chapter you will be able to: Know the main tips of building virtual store Understanding the ways of getting core
压住,否定 executive v. 执行
Text A How to Crack a Job Interview successfully
Questions for Discussion
1. What is the function of a job interview?
2. Which factors are involved in a successful job interview?
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1.世界交换或贸易exchange or trade for goods
2.世界经济舞台the world economic scene
3.国外直接投资foreign direct investment
4.多国企业multinational enterprises
5.商业和投资银行commercial and investment banking
6.有价证劵投资portfolio investments
7.金融风险financial risk
8.支付差额balance-of-payments
9.法律文件 a legal document
10.有效经营effective operation / operate effectively Chapter 2
1)独资企业sole proprietorship
2)普通合伙企业general partnership
3)法人legal person
4)合股公司joint-stock company
5)董事会board of directors
6)国有公司public corporation
7)资本摊缴capital contribution
8)多数股权controlling interest
9)优先股股东preferred stockholder
10)公司章程articles of incorporation
Chapter 3
1)最终消费者(用户)ultimate consumer
2)增值价值value added
3)批发商merchant wholesaler
4)产品花色品种product assortment
5)地方效用place utility
6)邮售mail-order
7)专业商店specialty store
8)现金流量cash flow
9)存货控制inventory control
10)市场分区(片区)market segment
Chapter 4
1)总体运营overall operation
2)宏观经济学macroeconomecs
3)微观经济学microeconomecs
4)通货膨胀inflation
5)扩展性的货币政策an expansionary monetary policy
6)紧缩性的货币政策an restrictive monetary policy
7)货币流通currency circulation/ circulation of money
8)货币投放量the size of money supply
9)经济萧条stagnant economy /economic depression
10)均衡数量equilibrium quantity
1)私营企业制度private enterprise system
2)垄断性竞争monopolistic competition
3)垄断monopoly
4)供求规律the law of supply and demand
5)市场价格marker price
6)零售商店retail store
7)公用事业public utility
8)寡头垄断oligopoly
Chapter 6
1)市场经济market economy
2)计划经济planned economy
3)股市stock market
4)经济力economic force
5)供给力supply force
6)需求力demand force
7)经济系统economic syste m
8)市场价格market price
9)供求均衡the equilibrium of supply and demand
10)购买力buying power
11)供给量quantity supplied
12)价格体系price system
Chapter 7
1)商务参赞处commercial counselor’s office
2)资信情况financial standing
3)报关custums declaration
4)提单bill of lading
5)公正的调查报告authentic surveyor report
6)法律地位legal standing
7)履约保函performance bond
8)订舱space booking
9)商业诚信commercial integrity
10)进口许可证Import license
Chapter 9
1)营销观念marketing concept
2)服装零售商retail clothier
3)购买动机motivation to purchase
4)最终用户ultimate consumers
5)非盈利性机构nonprofit institution
6)采购制度purchasing system
7)产品规格product specifications
8)招标to request bids
9)低价产品low-priced products
10)可自由支配的制度discretionary income
11)多人挣钱型家庭multiearner families
12)价格和质量比较price and quality comparison
13)投币式自动售货机vending machines
14)营销调研marketing research
Chapter 10
1)营销战略marketing strategy
2)促销promotion
3)产品策划product planning
4)品牌名称brand name
5)市场总销售total market sales
6)产品生命周期the product’s life cycle
7)分销渠道channels of distribution
8)中间商middleman
9)批发商wholesaler
10)促销技巧promotional techniques
文章翻译:
2. What Is International Business? P2
国际商务作为管理训练的一个领域具有跨国家边界商务活动的专门特征。

这些活动可能是商品、服务、资金或人员的流动,技术、信息或者数据的转让活动,或者甚至是对雇员的监督活动。

国际商务作为管理训练的一个分支出现,是由于跨国界的商业交易日益增长的范围和复杂性产生了新的、特殊的管理问题和政府政策问题。

这些问题没有在传统的商业和经济领域里受到足够的注意。

商务(商业交易)延伸到不同的主权政治团体之间,在世界经济舞台上不是新现象。

一些商业公司已在国外直接投资并在国外管理多年。

主要在(但并不限于)采矿、石油、农业领域投资(开发)。

然而,国外贸易从民族国家出现迄今已有悠久的历史。

但是,自从第二次世界大战结束以来,国际商务活动的形式发生了奇异的变化。

在许多国家里,成千上万的公司已经发展成为具有所有权控制或其他跨国界联系的多国企业。

这些企业持有对商业各方面的全球观点——从市场到资源,他们把市场和生产结合进来并发展到世界规模。

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