英语修辞简介
英语修辞(简介)

一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格,首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同,然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
英语修辞格种类很多,但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
(一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义,音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance。
Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法,与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
如:She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音。
如:Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration)皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。
Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
前者与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节,声母相同,叫做双声,它不是辞格)相似,后者与汉语的叠韵(两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同)非常相似。
如:With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.怀着这个信念,我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
英语18种重要修辞手法

18种重要修辞手法一、语义修辞1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field.2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。
例如:1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。
)2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。
)3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper.由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。
换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。
如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。
暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。
谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。
(1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。
比如:There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。
英语的修辞手法-英语的45种修辞手法-定义-解释

英语中的45种修辞(1)alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同,比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。
▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.(2)anacoluthon(错格):句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构,比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。
▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?(3)anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,比如例句中的servants。
▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.(4)anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的句子中重复多遍,比如例句中的we shall fight。
▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.(5)anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分,正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。
▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.(6)antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短语,比如例句中的without warning。
英语中有19种修辞手法

英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存有于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
19种英语修辞手法简单介绍

19种英语修辞手法简单介绍19种英语修辞手法简单介绍除了最常见的明喻、暗喻、拟人,英语中还有很多修辞手法。
有一些可能是你经常见到却没有意识到的。
下面是店铺带来的19种英语修辞手法简单介绍,希望对你有帮助。
英语中有19种修辞手法,它们分别是:Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻、Metonymy 借喻,转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比,平行、Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻,比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻、Climax 渐进法,层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句,快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
英语常见8种修辞手法说明

英语常见8种修辞手法说明修辞手法是英语写作中常用的表达技巧,通过运用恰当的修辞手法,可以使文章更加生动、有趣,增强表达的效果和吸引读者的注意力。
下面是英语常见的8种修辞手法的说明:1. 比喻(Metaphor)比喻是将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比,以便更好地揭示事物的特点或隐含含义。
通过比喻,可以使描述更具有形象感和感染力。
例如:"She is a shining star in the world of art."(她是艺术界的一颗闪亮之星)2. 暗示(Allusion)暗示是通过间接提及某个事物或引用某个文学、历史、文化的代表性人物或事件来达到某种目的,常常用于表达或暗示作者的观点或态度。
例如:"His words had a biblical ring to them."(他的话带有的语气)3. 排比(Parallelism)排比是通过重复使用类似的词、短语或句子结构,使文章的句子齐整有序,增强表达的力度和冲击力。
例如:"We came, we saw, we conquered." (我们来了,我们看到了,我们战胜了)4. 反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是在文章或演讲中提出一个问题,但并不期待对方回答,而是用问句来引导读者或听众思考某个问题或强调某个观点。
例如:"Isn't it a beautiful day?"(今天是不是个美好的一天呢?)5. 夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是通过夸大的描述方式来强调某个事物或情感,以达到增强效果的目的。
夸张常用于幽默、夸张或强调的场合。
例如:"I've told you a million times."(我已经告诉过你一百万次了)比较是通过将两个或多个事物进行对比,以突出它们的差异或相似之处,使表达更具有说服力和可信度。
英语文学中得修辞手法

一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,补充:二、隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
补充:三、提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。
四、拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。
五、夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。
六、叠言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。
七、借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
八、双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
九、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。
十、讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。
十一、通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。
十二、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。
英语修辞手法1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张)It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述)It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉)It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻)It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
(完整版)英语中的修辞手法

英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如:●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。
)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。
例如:●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Some Common Forms of Figures of Speech宋德文(讲义)Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法,是为了使语言更加形象生动,鲜明突出;或者使语言更加整齐匀称,音调铿锵,以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。
因此,译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格,就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风,就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。
修辞(figures of speech / rhetorical devices / rhetoric) 大体分为三类:音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)(一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)1. Alliteration: (头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.头韵与拟声修辞方式能使语言具有音韵美,可增加口头或书面表达的实际音感,给人以声情并茂的美感。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音.Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration)Clear as crystal 水晶般的清莹Now or never 机不可失,时不再来Safe and sound 安然无恙To many parents, the three Gs--- gays, guns and gangs ---have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of schools life.Spare the rod, and spoil the child.China 's cities, after decades of bolted doors and barred windows, are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes.No mill , no meal .No song , no supper .No cross , no crown .Sea , sun, sand, seclusion ---and Spain .海滨,阳光,沙滩,有静--- 更有西班牙风情。
book name or titlePride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Sense and sensibility 理智与情感2. Onomatopoeia: (拟声)It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive (提示的) of some action or movement.Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法,与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。
在英美文学终,拟声词的应用非常广泛:如:摹仿金属声的有:clash, clank, ting, tinkle, clang, jangle, ding-dong, tick-tack, etc.摹仿水等液体声的有:splash, bubble, sizz, sizzle, splish-splosh, drip-drop, etc.摹仿各种动物叫声有:neigh, baa, moo, miao, screech, hiss, cook-a-doodle-do, etc.摹仿人的各种声音有:giggle, chuckle, shriek, snort, sneeze, snigger, smack, whisper, grunt, grumble, mumble, sputter, murmur, chatter, gurgle, whoop, etc.3. Assonance (元韵) Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar vowel, especially in stressed syllables, in a sequence of nearby words, such as “child of silence”.是在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
沁园春-雪北国风光,千里冰封,万里雪飘。
望长城内外,维余茫茫;大河上下,顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇,原驰蜡象,欲与天公试比高。
SnowTo the tune of Spring Beaming in GardenWhat a scene is in the north found!A thousand li of the earth is ice-clad aground,Ten thousand li of the sky is snow-bound.Behold! At both sides of the Great WallAn expense of whiteness conquers allIn the yellow river, up and down,The surging waves are gone!Like sliver snakes the mountains dance,Like wax elephants the highlands bounce,All try to be higher than heaven even once!(二)词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它们主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma etc.1. Simile:(明喻) It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同,用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。
其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中,在形式上是相对应的。
英语simile 的比喻词一般是like, as (……as)等, 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是好象、仿佛等。
例如:as busy as bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌as brave as lion 像狮子一样勇猛As timid as a rabbit 胆小如鼠as black as crow 像乌鸦一般黑Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像梦一样一闪而过。
as sharp as knife 像刀一样锋利He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳,好像被什么东西叮了一下似的,他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。
)在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样,生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)《礼物》一文中,老太太喜迎八十大寿,大女儿不来庆祝,只寄来一张支票。
作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟,形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭,极度伤心的心情。
The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.克拉伦斯•达罗和达德利·菲尔德·马隆在戴顿城小小的法庭上掀起的那场辩论的风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关。