高考英语语法复习非谓语动词之过去分词

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英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(动名词)敬告:以下内容,不参加高考等有语法题(语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等)考试的应用类学员无须深究,知道该语法结构的存在,及其充当的句子成分和功能即可,应多花时间练习听说读写,否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。

应试类学员有时间可以比较分析,基本搞懂。

过去分词长什么样?规则的情况下与动词过去式相同,当然有不规则的情况;过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语,不可能充当主语、宾语;过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式,只有一种形式done表示。

1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语;它与宾语是被动关系,或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。

(1) We found the fish eaten by our cat.(2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English.2、过去分词可以充当定语;充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构;表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成,或即被动又完成的。

(1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful.(2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed).(3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano.3、过分词可以充当状语,它与主句主语是被动关系,或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系;过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间,多用于条件和原因状语;(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective.If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective.(2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.Because Andy is offered an important role in a new movie, he has a chance to become famous.若要强调一个动作,不论主动还是被动,在主句谓语动作之前已经完成,体现时间差,用现在分词的完成式having done或完成被动式having been done,请比较下面的例句与前面的区别:(3) Having been told many times, he finally understood it.After he had been told many times, he finally understood it.。

高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词

高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词

高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词(总7页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面,使用时请删除本页-高中英语语法非谓语动词(三)过去分词非谓语动词(三)——过去分词(三)过去分词:1、过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。

过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。

过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。

被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。

注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。

作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。

(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。

高中英语高考复习非谓语动词知识讲解

高中英语高考复习非谓语动词知识讲解

高考英语非谓语动词知识讲解一、概念非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。

从这个定义来看,简单来说,非谓语动词就是不是谓语的动词。

这听起来像是废话,但是我们必须有明确什么是谓语动词,在前面,我们已经说清楚了。

句子只能有一个谓语动词,那么其余的动词都是非谓语动词。

谓语动词就好比皇帝,非谓语动词,就相当于他身边的奴才。

这么一说,我们就很好理解了。

一般来说,非谓语动词通常有以下三种形式:二、三种形式(一)动名词(doing)动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词(即非谓语动词)。

它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。

动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能充当状语。

从上面的定义中,我们可以很清楚知道动名词,顾名思义就是兼有动词和名词两种词性的作用。

在小学和中学的课程中,我们学习动名词做主语这个语法现象比较普遍。

大部分人也是从这个时候开始知道有动名词这个概念。

那么动名词究竟是动词,还是名词?前面已经说过,它是非谓语动词的一种形式,只不过他有动词和名词两种词性的作用。

故它是动词。

那么他竟然是动词自然有动词的性质,而且它可以充当名词有名词的作用,那么名词的作用,它也都有,它可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。

也就是名词能干的事,它也能干。

(二)不定式(to do)动词不定式,为非谓语动词。

在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。

它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词性变化所局限。

不定式属于非谓语动词形式。

根据国外和国内语法学家的研究,所谓不定式,其作用就是相当于情态动词加动词原形的形式。

为什么要这样说呢?因为他们都有相同的特征,以下:第一,原形can/may/could/would do sth.= to do sth.第二,都可表示不确定语气。

高考英语:非谓语动词考点

高考英语:非谓语动词考点

外教一对一高考英语:非谓语动词考点一、分类:动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点:1.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。

2.Doing/To do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语,谓语用单数。

二、动词不定式1、特点:表将来2、形式:①基本型:to+动词原形(do)。

②被动式:to be done ③完成时:to have done ④进行时:to be doing3、句子功能:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾补)Eg: ①To catch the early train, you`ll have to get up early.(目的状语)②I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语:意外结果)。

③This i s very good music to dance to.(定语)④It is necessary to learn English well.(主语,it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1)(为了避免重复)并列结构中第二个to:I want to get up early and read English.例外:前后表对比时,to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose one’s life than to lose one’s spirit.2) (为了避免重复)省去to后的不定式结构:—Would you like to go shopping?—Yes,I`d like to.例外:to后有have/be时,保留be或have—Did you go shopping yesterday? —No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义外教一对一1)主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语(表性质的adj. + to do)2) 主+Vt + 宾语 + 宾补(adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词(代词)构成逻辑动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

高考英语 语法专题复习9 动词的非谓语形式试题精解

高考英语 语法专题复习9 动词的非谓语形式试题精解

落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(九) 动词的非谓语形式考点一过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语,修饰谓语动词,说明谓语动词的动作或状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况;其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系。

Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(这里give与句子的主语these teenage soccer players之间存在被动关系)给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。

[考题印证]—Can you introduce me a high quality machine?—My pleasure. ________(handle) well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.解析:句意:——你能给我介绍一款高性能的机器吗?——我很乐意。

因为这款车即使在潮湿的道路上也能运行很好,所以很受欢迎。

handle和this kind of car是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用handle的­ed形式。

答案:Handled2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词,只表示一种状态,如:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其­ing形式。

Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书,他没注意到我进入房间。

Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服,她看上去更漂亮了。

非谓语动词 高考英语考点-语法-词汇复习资料

非谓语动词 高考英语考点-语法-词汇复习资料

七、非谓语动词非谓语动词的语法功能注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分generally speaking一般说来;frankly speaking坦白地说;judging from/by...根据……来判断;considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……;to tell you the truth说实话;seeing...考虑到……;supposing假设,如果;providing如果;given考虑到,鉴于;provided that如果非谓语动词的形式变化在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个:一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。

一、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。

汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。

如:他明天来拜访你。

翻译成英语不是He will come visit you,而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。

因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。

例:Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. would stand分析:stood是与sat并列的谓语。

非谓语语法功能的比较做宾语的非谓语动词比较非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别注意:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥。

(完整版)高考英语非谓语动词知识点

(完整版)高考英语非谓语动词知识点

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种: 1.动词不定式:to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1). 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。

动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。

如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2). 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point(in)doing sth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。

非谓语动词用法解析过去分词作状语

非谓语动词用法解析过去分词作状语

非谓语动词用法解析过去分词作状语非谓语动词用法解析——过去分词作状语过去分词作为一种非谓语动词形式,在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色。

它可以作为状语,修饰动词、形容词以及副词,起到更加精确和丰富的表达作用。

本文将对过去分词作状语的用法进行解析,并举例说明其在不同语境下的运用。

1. 过去分词作时间状语过去分词可以表示一个动作或状态的发生时间,常用于表示被动或完成的行为。

这种用法通常与表示时间的介词短语(如"after"、"before"、"since"、"when"、"while"等)搭配使用。

例1:Having finished her work, she went out for a walk.(完成了工作后,她出去散步了。

)例2:After being repaired, the car was as good as new.(修好后,这辆车好像新的一样。

)2. 过去分词作原因状语过去分词也可以表示一个动作或状态的原因。

它常用于表示被动、先行动作和结果的关系,通常与表示原因的介词短语(如"because of"、"due to"、"thanks to"等)搭配使用。

例1:Because of the heavy rain, the game was canceled.(因为下大雨,比赛被取消了。

)例2:Due to his hard work, he achieved great success.(由于他的努力,他取得了巨大的成功。

)3. 过去分词作方式状语过去分词还可以表示一个动作的方式或方式。

它常与表示方式的介词短语(如"by")或连词(如"as")搭配使用。

例1:He won the race by running faster than others.(他通过比其他人跑得更快赢得了比赛。

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5. 作方式或伴随状语
The man entered the room, followed by a dog.
过去分词作状语时,前面往往带有when, if, while, though, even if等连词,这样就能是过去分词所表示 的意思更加明确。
Even if invited, I won’t go.
高考英语语法复习非谓语动词 之过去分词
过去分词一般表示被动和完成的动作。 一、作表语 be/ 系动词 + -ed 分词 常用来做表语的过去分词常由能激起人们某种情感变 化的动词转化而来。如:
amuse
amaze
astonish bore disappoint
interest satisfy surprise
frighten inspire tire worry 等
She looked disappointed.
The window is broken. We were surprised at the news.
二、作定语 (往往与所修饰名词构成被动关系) 单个过去分词作定语,放在所修饰的名词前;过去 分词短语作定语,放在所修饰名词后。
将下列定语从句改成过去分词短语作定语的句子。 1. Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer who is called Li Qiang. Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer called Li Qiang. 2. I am going to buy a painting which is copied from Vincent van Gogh. I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh.
I wish the papers handed out soon.
5. with + sb./ sth. + done 的用法 With everything bought, he left the store anrder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
With the water heated, we can see the steam.
表示被动,已发生
表示主动 (正在发生) (主动或被动)表示未发生
With his homework finished, he could go out to play.
With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. With much homework to do, I can't go out with you tonight.
4. With everything well arranged ( arrange ), he left the _______ office. picked 5. He had his pocket _______ (pick ) in the supermarket.
broken 6. All of us saw the boy _______ (break) the window.
A. Attracting B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
2. ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
C. Giving
B. To given
written language
polluted water
spoken English
an organized trip
the meeting held last week
a doll given by aunt
一些过去分词作定语修饰名词仅表示完成意义,不表 示被动。
a retired worker = a worker who has retired
使某事被做(自己做) The villagers had many trees planted just then. 使某事被做( 请别人做) I have my car repaired. 遭遇某种不幸
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
3. 用在keep, leave 等表示“使…处于(某种状态)的 词后面 They kept the door locked for a long time.
D. Given
3. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
3. The boy had his leg _____ by the dog when he was playing with it. A. bit C. bitten B. biting D. to bite
4. Seeing his house ______ and many things _____, he dialed 110 at once. A. broken into; stealing B. broken into; stolen
When compared with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
1._____ by the beauty of nature, the girl form London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
Asked who she was, she said she was Mr. John’s friend.
2. 作原因状语(相当于because,as等引导的从句) Frightened by the loud noise, I went out to see what was happening. Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped arguing with each other.

用所给的词语的适当形式填空 1. He looks very ________ ( excite ). excited closed 2. She found the door _______ ( close ).
3. Have you noticed the ____________ ( surprise) surprised expression on his face? surprising 4. What came to us was __________ ( surprise ) news. shocked 5. I was really _________ ( shock ) at the news.
C. breaking into; stolen
D. breaking into; stealing
5. Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. A. run C. being run B. running D. to run
四、作状语 (逻辑主语和主句主语一致) 1. 作时间状语 (相当于when引导的从句) Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.
1. I wish the work ______ this week. A. finish C. to finish B. finished D. finishing
2. We had had the machine ______ before you came. A. repairing B. it repaired
covered 6. The ground is ________ ( cover ) with snow. given 7. We all like the lectures ___________ ( give ) by Mr. Song.
三、作宾语补足语 ( v + sb./ sth. + done) 过去分词作宾补的常见类型: 1. 用在感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后面 He suddenly noticed himself followed by a stranger. I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. We can hear the windows beaten by the rain drops.
an escaped prisoner= a prisoner who has escaped
fallen leaves= leaves that have fallen
a grown man= a man who has grown
过去分词短语作定语,相当于一个定语从句,但它比 定语从句结构更简洁。
用适当形式填空 1.The old man got his old house _______ ( pull) down. pulled 2. He found his valuable watch _______ ( steal ). stolen 3. The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make heard himself _________ ( hear ).
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