初三英语学习资料[1]

初三英语学习资料[1]
初三英语学习资料[1]

学习目标

1.掌握简单句的五种基本句型。

2.掌握本单元的词汇、短语及重点句型,掌握有关食品的词汇。

3.熟练表达同意与不同意。

4.掌握表示邀请与应答的日常交际英语。

5.了解和掌握一些国家的饮食习惯和所喜爱的食品。

重点讲解

词汇辨析

1. a few / a little / a bit

(1)上述三者都有名词的功能,在句中作主语或宾语。如:

A little is better than nothing. 少胜于无。

I have no juice. Please give me a little. 我没桔汁,请给我一点。

(2)三者可用作形容词作定语。区别为:a few修饰可数名词的复数形式。如:Mrs. Smith gave me a few flowers.史密斯太太给了我几朵花。a little 与a bit均可修饰不可数名

词,但a little能直接放在名词前,a bit则须与of构成短语后再接名词。如:There’s still a little / a bit of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里还有点牛奶。

(3)a little, a bit还可作程度副词(a few则不行),用来修饰形容词、副词,也可用来修饰动词,通常能相互换用。如:

That boy is a little / a bit hungry.那男孩有点饿。

(4)a little, a bit与not连用时,意义却不同。not a little表示肯定意义,相当于very, greatly,作“很、非常”讲,而not a bit是加强否定的语气,相当于“not…at all”, 作“一点儿也不”解。如:

She is not a little good at music. 她很擅长音乐。

She is not a bit good at music. 她一点儿也不擅长音乐。

2. seem / look

(1)这两个动词都可作“看起来”解,但look着重于视觉得出的印象,seem暗示有一定根据,这种判断往往接近事实。在搭配上两者都可接形容词或带有形容词修饰的名词、动词不定式to be、过去分词、介词短语。如:

He looks / seems fine. 他看上去很健康。

The girl looked / seemed to be very ill. 那女孩看上去病得很重。

(2)在下列几种情况下只能用seem, 不能用look。

A.后面接动词不定式to do时。如:

The man seemed to know all the students in our class. 这个人似乎认识我们班所有学生。

B.用于It seems that…结构时。如:

It seemed that he missed the train. 看来他没赶上火车。

C.用于There seems +to do结构时。如:

There seems to be something wrong with your TV set. 你的电视机好像有毛病。

3. both / all

这两个词都可用作代词,形容词和副词,意为“全部、都”。然而,它们使用的范围不同。

(1)both用来指两个人或物,当代替名词时谓语动词要用复数形式,其位置一般在行为动词之前,be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。如:

Both of the cities are very beautiful. 这两个城市都很美丽。

Kate and Emma both went to the cinema last Sunday. 凯特和埃玛上星期天都去看电影了。

(2)all指三个或三个以上的人或物,其位置与both相同。如:

The visitors were all from the USA. 游客们都来自美国。

The students all arrived there on time. 学生们都按时到达那里了。

(3)both与and连用,构成关联词,意为“双方都,不但……而且……”。如:

She can both sing and dance. 她不但会唱歌,而且会跳舞。

句型分析

1. They eat a lot of potatoes. So do we. 他们吃大量的土豆。我们也是。

potato的复数形式是potatoes,同tomato;它既可以用a lot of修饰,也可以用many 修饰。So do we是一个倒装结构,其结构形式是“So + 助动词(系动词、情态动词)+主语”,so的意思是“也”。助动词(系动词、情态动词)一般与前面句子的谓语以及本句主语保持一致。如果前面没有助动词(系动词、情态动词),so后面用do, does或did。如:

I like hamburgers. So does he.我喜欢吃汉堡包,他也喜欢。

She has lunch at school. So do I. 她在学校吃午饭,我也是。

So的这种用法只能出现在肯定句中,而且so的后面一般不能使用完整的动词短语(即:助动词+主要动词)或完整的句子。

2. He made us laugh. 他使我们大笑。

make sb. do sth 意思是“使某人做某事”。make在此作使役动词,意思是“使……(发生)”,其后常跟不带to 的动词不定式或形容词作宾补。例如:

Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.每天他都叫一个小动物去给他找来一些吃的东西。

He made me do it. 他让我做这件事。

We'll make our country stronger and stronger. 我们要使我们的国家越来越强大。

laugh意思是“(大)笑;发笑”,laugh at意思是“嘲笑,取笑;因……而发笑”。如:

It’s not good to laugh at others. 取笑别人不好。

3. Chocolate is good for your health. 吃巧克力对你的身体有益。

短语be good for的意思是“对…有益”,其反义短语是be bad for。另外,请注意be good at的用法。试比较:

Swimming is good for health. 游泳对身体健康有益。

He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。(be good at是“擅长……,在……方面学得好”。)

4. Do you think it is good to do some housework 你认为做家务好吗?

这是一个“主+谓+宾”的句子,宾语是一个从句(it is good to do some housework),该句型:it is +形容词+to do sth.中真正的主语是to do sth., it 只是一个形式主语。如果要说明是谁来执行后面to do的动作,就要改成:it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 的形式。如:

It’s nice to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你。

It’s hard for him to finish the work in a short time. 他很难在短时间内完成这项工作。

5. . . .because my parents both work, ……因为我父母两个人都工作。

both表示“两个都”,只用于两个人或两件事物。用在复数名词前面,动词用复数形式。其反义词为neither;表示三个或三个以上(人或物)用all。

Both these books are useful. 这两本书都有用。

I want both of them. 两个我都要。

6. It seems that American fast food is the most popular in the world.

似乎美国的快餐是世界上最流行的。

这句话相当于:American fast food seems the most popular in the world.

seem作联系动词时,意思是“似乎,好像”,不可用于进行时,其后常跟形容词、动

词不定式或从句。如:

This book seems quite interesting. 这本书好像很有趣。

He seemed to be right. 似乎他是对的。

It seems that he is worried about his son. 似乎他在为他儿子担心。

7. Either my father or my mother cooks dinner on weekdays. 平时不是我爸爸就是我妈妈做饭。

either作形容词或代词时意思是“(两者之中)任一的”,谓语动词用单数形式,either…or…意思是“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”,连接主语时,谓语动词根据or后的主语而定。如:

There are many flowers on either side of the street. 街道两旁有许多花。

I don't like either of the films. 这两个电影我都不喜欢。

Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错,就是我错。

either作副词,用于否定句,意思是“也(不)”。例如:If you will not speak at the meeting this afternoon, I won't either. 今天下午开会你要是不发言,我也不发言。

8. Neither dad nor my brother helps. 我爸爸和哥哥都不帮忙。

neither意思是“(两者)都不”,nor意思是“也不”,neither. . . nor. . .意为

“既不……也不……” 连接主语时,谓语动词根据nor后的主语而定。如:

Neither boy is late for class. 两个男孩都没上学迟到。

—Which of the two do you like 这两上你喜欢哪一个?

—Neither. 哪一个都不喜欢。

Neither the father nor the son is healthy. 父子二人身体都不好。

9. Would you like anything else 你还想要点甜的东西吗?

A. Would you like…是一种比较婉转的征求对方意见或询问对主是否喜欢的日常用语,后面常用some来表达肯定的愿望,希望自己所说的内容对方能给予肯定的答复。如:

–Would you like some tea with sugar你愿意喝茶时放点糖吗?

–Sure, thanks.当然愿意啦,谢谢。

B. anything pron. 任何事物,常用于否定句/疑问句,如:

I don't want anything to write. 我不想写什么东西。

Do you have anything to cook 你有什么要煮的东西吗?

与anything相对应的是something,某物,某事,常用于肯定句,如:

I had something to call you. 我有些事要打电话给你。 .

C. else adv. 另外,其他。置于与-thing, -one, -body等结合而成的不定代词之后。如:

Do you want anything else 你还想要点别的吗?

We must find somebody else to do it. 我们必须找到一些其他人来做这事。

10. Mmm, it must be more delicious. 嗯,这东西一定好吃。

must在句中表示推测,意思是“一定;想必”。用于肯定句,当它表示推测时,其否定结构是can’t, 意思是“不可能”。如:

She must be at home now. 她现在一定在家里。

That can't be Mr. Lin. He went to Beijing yesterday. 那个不可能是蔺老师,他昨天去北京了。

must除表示推测外,还表示必要、义务或命令,译为“必须;应当”,其否定结构为mustn’t,意思是“不许可,禁止”等。如:

We must study hard. 我们应当努力学习。

You mustn’t play football on the road. 你不可以在马路上踢足球。

语法分析

简单句的五种基本句型

一、S+V

这种句型有两种句式:

1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)

例如:The baby can speak.这个婴儿会说话了。

2.主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语例如:

The children are playing happily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。

二、S + V + O

这种句型中的动词(V)为及物动词,宾语(O)常为名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等。例如:

I want a ruler. 我想要一把尺子。

They enjoy living in China.他们喜欢住在中国。

I hope to go there soon.我希望不久去那儿。

三、S + V + P

这种句型中的动词为连系动词,表语(P)常为形容词、名词、代词、介词短语等。初中阶段常见的连系动词有be,get(变),become(变得),turn(变),look(看起来),feel, smell,taste,seem等。例如:

Ann felt happy.安感到很快乐。

He is a student.他是一名学生。

The cat is in that tree.猫在那棵树上。

四、S + V + Ino + DO

这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,指人的宾语称为间接宾语(InO),指物的宾语称为直接宾语(DO),通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。

l.与for连用的动词有buy,get,find,cook,make,sing,choose等。例如:

My father bought me a story-book.

=My father bought a story-book for me.我父亲给我买了一本故事书。

2.与to连用的动词有give,bring,send,tell,teach,pass,return,take,lend等。例如:

Please give me your pen.

=Please give your pen to me.请把你的钢笔给我。

3.既可与for也可与to连用的动词有bring,do,leave,play,write等。例如:

Please bring me the exercise-book tomorrow.

= Please bring the exercise-book for/to me tomorrow. 明天请把练习本给我带来。

注意:若直接宾语是人称代词时,则必须将其置于间接宾语之前。例如:

误:Give me it,please.

正:Give it to me,please.

五、S + V + O + OC

这种句型的及物动词后的宾语还需跟上宾语补足语(OC)意思才完整,宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。可用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、现在分词、介词短语等。

1.后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词常用call,name,make,choose,think等。例如:

We can call him Jim for short.我们可以简称他为吉姆。

2.后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词常用keep,make,find,get,think等。例如:

We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持我们的教室清洁。

3.动词不定式作宾语补足语有以下三种情况:

①后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常用的有ask, tell, want, teach, wish, get等。例如:

Mr. Hu asked us to talk about English name.胡老师请我们谈谈英国人的名字。

②后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为“一感(feel)”、“二听(listen to, hear)”、“三让(let,make,hay)”、“四看(see,look at,watch,notice)”。例如:

Let me help you.让我帮助你。

I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我经常看到他在操场上打篮球。

③help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式既可带to也可不带to。例如:

Children should often help their parents(to)do some housework.孩子们应经常帮父母干些家务活儿。

4.后跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常用feel,listen to,hear,see,look at,watch, notice,find,keep等。例如:

We heard someone singing in the next room. 我们听到有人在隔壁唱歌。

5.后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常用keep,find,take等。例如:

We found him at school.我们发现他在学校。

例1 I ______ went to shopping last week.

A. too

B. also

C. either

D. always

分析与解答:too, also, either都可作“也”讲。too用于肯定句,一般放在句末;either 用于疑问句或否定句,放在句末;also用于肯定句,常位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。D项在此说不通。因此,该题的正确答案为B。

例2 He can swim, and ________.

A. so do I

B. so am I

C. so can I

D. I can so

分析与解答:“so + be 动词(助动词、情态动词)+ 主语”结构用以承接前一句的内容,表示“(甲如此),乙也如此”。be动词、助动词、情态动词要和前一句的谓语动词保持一致。该题前句用了情态动词can, 因此,正确答案为C。

例3 —You’re a wonderful cook, Mrs. Li. Everything is so good.

—_________.

A. It’s nothing.

B. That’s all right.

C. Glad you like it.

D. No, no.

思路分析

C项的意思是“你吃得可口我很高兴”。这与前句“你的烹调技术真好啊。菜都那么好吃。”相吻合。

答案:C

例4 Is there ______ to eat

A. delicious anything

B. good something

C. something nice

正确答案是C。

当形容词用来修饰anything, something, everything, nothing等词时,应放在这些词(也称不定代词)的后面。故选C。

例5 Jinhua is famous ______ its hams.

A. of

B. for

C. in

D. at

思路分析

“be famous for”(因……而有名的),这是固定词组,如:Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.(杭州因西湖而闻名。)

答案:B

例6 Either you or Xiao Gao _______ to do the work.

A. are

B. has

C. have

D. were

思路分析

“either…or…”(或者……或者……;不是……就是……)是常用的固定结构,当用于连接主语时,其谓语要与邻近的那个主语一致,如:Either you or he has to do it. (不是你得做这件事,就是他得做这件事。)

答案:B

正误例析

1.秋天是我最喜欢的季节。

误:Autumn is my most favourite season.

正:Autumn is my favourite season.

解析favourite“最喜欢的”,本身已具有最高级含义,不可再有等级的变化。

2.他为他的朋友担心。

误:He is worry about his friend.

正:He is worried about his friend.

解析 worry为动词或名词时,其前不用系动词be , “为……担心”可用be worried about, 短语中worried为adj.作表语。

练习

词汇

A)根据首字母及后面的释义,写出完整的单词。

1. f___ known widely

2. b____ the two together; the one and also the other.

3. l____make sounds and movements of the face and the body, showing amusement, etc.

4. n____ not one and not the other of two people, things, etc; not either

5. w____ not having; not carrying

B)用所给单词的适当形式填空

6. Would you like some more ________ (tomato)

7. ________ (Italy) like to eat pizza.

8. In big cities you can find people _______ (eat) hamburgers and chips.

9. How about ________ (help) me do the cooking

10. Boys, help ________ (you) to some bread, please.

C)根据句意和首字母,写出单词,使句子意思完整。

11. Jim isn’t a student, Mike isn’t a student, e______

12. It s______ that he knows the way.

13. There are a few spoons in the c________.

14. They have lunch in the k________.

15. A lot of English men can't use c________ to eat Chinese food.

答案:

单项选择

1. When you drink hot soup, you use ________.

A. fork

B. knife

C. chopsticks

D. spoon

2. I want ________ to eat.

A. different something

B. something different

C. anything different

D. different anything

3. —Would you like some more tea?

—________

A. Yes, please would C. No, please D. No, I wouldn't

4. Could I have ________ cheese?

A. little

B. a little

C. a bit

D. bit of

5. She cooked the fish and chips at home. It's not______.

A. home cooking

B. take-away food

C. English food

D. Chinese food

6. _______ Mary ________ Bob is a student. They are too young and can't go to school.

A. Neither, nor

B. Both, and

C. Either, or

D. Not, and

7. You can ________ stay at home ________ go out to play.

A. either, or

B. both, and

C. so, that

D. not, as

8. Here is a bag ________ anything in it.

A. for

B. with

C. without

D. of

9. When they fried chicken, they used___________.

A. wine

B. oil

C. beer

D. tea

10. Both of the books are good. If you let me have one, ______ it OK.

A. neither

B. either

C. both

D. all

11. Pizza is a kind of ________ food.

A. Indian

B. Italian

C. Italy

D. English

12. Among the vegetables he likes ________.

A. pork

B. grapes

C. cabbages

D. butter

13. You can find people _____chips now.

人教版九年级英语各单元知识点总结

九年级英语全册各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 一、短语: 1.have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话 2.connect …with… 把…和…连接/联系起来 3.the secret to… ……的秘诀 4.be afraid of doing sth./to do sth. 害怕做某事 5.look up 查阅 6.repeat out loud 大声跟读 7.make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误8.get bored 感到厌烦 9.be stressed out 焦虑不安的10.pay attention to 注意;关注11.depend on 取决于;依靠12.the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 二、知识点: 1. by + doing:通过……方式(by是介词,后面要跟动名词,也就是动词的ing 形式); 2. a lot:许多,常用于句末; 3. aloud, loud与loudly的用法,三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud是副词,通常放在动词之后。 ①loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多 用于比较级,须放在动词之后。

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