高一英语阅读理解专项练习：说明文类

说明文类(I) ★Water goes around and around Earth in a never ending journey called the water cycle（循环）. The sun heats up lakes, oceans, and other wet places on Earth. When the water gets warm enough, it changes into vapour. Plants also give off lots of water vapour. Some of this water vapour cools off high in the sky and becomes clouds. Then it falls back to Earth in a new place as rain or snow. This cycle happens over and over again.The ground can absorb water like a sponge (海绵). If you could see this groundwater, it wouldn’t look like a lake or river. The groundwater is mixed in with the rocks and sand that lie in layers(层) below Earth’s surface.Groundwater moves along slowly. How slowly? Maybe 1.5 kilometres in one century. Some of this water has been underground for thousands of years. And once groundwater is pumped out of the ground from a deep well（井）by people, it may take hundreds of years for another water to take its place.35.In which order does water go around Earth?a .Fall down as rain or snow.b. Heated up by the sun on lakes, oceans and other wet places.c. Cool off high in the sky.d. Form clouds.e. Change into vapour.A. dacbeB. becdaC. caebdD. bceda36. The groundwater seems to________.A. be just on the groundB. be pure water like that in a lake or riverC. exist in rocks and sandD. flow along like rivers or streams37. The underlined word “pumped” in the passage can be replaced b y________.A. runB. pushedC. drawnD. picked38. What conclusion（结论）can we draw from the passage?A. Groundwater can be quickly replaced by other water once pumped out.B. Groundwater is very valuable.C. Groundwater has nothing to do with human beings.D. Groundwater travel in an unknown way.1-4 BCCB(II) ★★★Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives．For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite．Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving．Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls．Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to US through satellites．Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location．We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another．They are usually 35，880 kilometers above the equator．Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place．This is because it is moving around the world at 11，000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates．A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线)facing the earth．Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit，So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position．This usually happens about every five or six days．Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth．A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years．Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired．Often，very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time．This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other．1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?A．Sending information for weather forecast．B．Taking photographs of the Earth．C．Sending TV pictures．D．Providing food for airplane pilots．2．What’s the speed the earth rotates at?A．35,880 kilometers per hour．B．335,880 kilometers per hour．C．11,000 kilometers per hour．D．110,000 kilometers per hour 3．Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates?A．In order to take photographs．B．In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit．C．In order to move away from its orbit．D．In order to send television pictures．4．What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?A．A satellite．B．A little rocket．C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky．D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position．5．Which is true of satellites?A．A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years．B．Every time a satellite gets broken，it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired．C．A broken satellite is never left in space．D．They often crash into each other．1-5 DCBCA(III) ★★★Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入，摄入), through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify (增强) foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units（IU）a serving. “People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day” Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.“African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vita min because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.1．According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because__.A. it is nutritiousB. it can‘t harm people’s healthC. it can lower cancer riskD. it is not taken enough every day2．Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D?A. Have some sunshineB. Have more meatC. Have more fortified cheeseD. Have a vitamin supplement3．Who can Garland probably be?A. A health researcherB. A doctorC. A scientistD. A public health official4．Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer?A. MilkB. Fortified orange juiceC. Fortified yogurtD. All of the above5．People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage?A. Asian peopleB. African peopleC. American peopleD. European people1—5 CBADB(IV) ★★★Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling, jealousy(嫉妒). The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and he does not.1. A greenhorn now refers to ____.A. a person who is new in a jobB. a new soliderC. a young horseD. a cow without horns2. A person who has a green thumb is a person ____.A. who is good at growing plantsB. whose thumbs are of green colorC. whose garden is greener than others’D. who is younger than his neighbors3. The author is actually talking about ____.A. colorsB. languageC. politicsD. agriculture4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. In about the 16th century, a greenhorn meant an experienced soldier.B. The Green Revolution may have some connection with green thumbs.C. The green-eyed monster was probably created by William Shakespeare.D. The green-eyed monster can be used to describe a person who is jealous.1-4 AABA(V) ★★★People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.1. A “developmental" disability ______.A. develops very slowly over timeB. is caused by forcesC. occurs in youth and affects developmentD. is getting more and more severe2．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functionsB. they were not very well looked afterC. medical techniques were not availableD. they were too poor to get proper treatment3. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightfulplace in society, ______.A．more laws should be passedB．public attitudes should be changedC．government should provide more aidsD．more public facilities should be set up4. Which of the following cannot be inferred（推断）from the passage ?A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.B．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.C．The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.D． Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.5. The best title for this passage might be ______.A．Handicaps（不利条件；障碍；）of People with DisabilitiesB．The physical difficulties of the DisabledC．The Causes for DisabilitiesD．Medical Treatments for Disabilities1-5 CCBDA。

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高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Last week, Vodafone started a test of the UK's first full 5G service, available for use by businesses in Salford. It is part of its plan to trial the technology in seven UK cities. But what can we expect from the next generation of mobile technology?One thing we will see in the preparation for the test is lots of tricks with the new tech. Earlier this year, operators paid almost £ 1.4 billion for the 5G wavelengths, and to compensate for that cash, they will need to catch the eye of consumers. In September, Vodafone used its bit of the range to display the UK's first hologram (全息) call. The Manchester City captain Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram in Newbury. It isn't all holograms, however: 5G will offer faster internet access, with Ofcom (英国通讯管理局) suggesting that video that takes a minute to download on 4G will be available in just a second.The wider application is to support connected equipment on the "internet of things" -not just the internet-enabled fridge that can reorder your milk for you, but the network that will enable driverless cars and delivery drones (无人机) to communicate with each other.Prof William Webb has warned that the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes. Much of the speed increase, he claims, could have been achieved by putting more money in the 4G network, rather than a new technology. Other different voices have suggested that a focus on rolling out wider rural broadband access and addressing current network coverage would be more beneficial to the UK as a whole.Obviously, 5G will also bring a cost to consumers. It requires a handset for both 5G and 4G, and the first 5G-enabled smart phones are expected in the coming year. With the slow pace of network rollout so far, it is likely that consumers will end up upgrading to a new 5 G phone well before 5 G becomes widely available in the next couple of years.（1）Why does Prof William Webb say "the technology could be a case of the emperor's new clothes"?A. He is in favor of the application of the new technology.B. 5G will bring a cost to consumers in their daily life.C. 5G helps people communicate better with each other.D. He prefers more money to be spent on 4G networks.（2）The underlined word "addressing" in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to________. A. making a speech to B. trying to solve C. managing to decrease D. responding to（3）The last paragraph indicates that .A. it'll take several years .to make 5G accessible to the public in the UKB. 5G service shows huge development potential and a broad marketC. customers are eager to use 5G smart phones instead of 4G onesD. it's probable that 5G network rollout is speeding up in Britain（4）What do we know about the text?A. Vodafone is successful in spreading the 5G service.B. Steph Houghton appeared as a hologram by 4G.C. The application of 5G will make life much easier.D. 5G phones are available in rural areas of the UK.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

高中英语专题复习：说明文阅读理解训练及答案

英语专题复习说明文阅读理解训练一、2017·全国二卷CTerrafugiaInc said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after TerrafugiaInc introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks TerrafugiaInc has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The movement has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said TerrafugiaInc was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. TerrafugiaInc says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causes traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It bums too much fuel.30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s Fist FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to RealityDWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short?Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate （亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than beforeC. The world is more complex than it seemsD. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.二、2017·全国三卷CAfter years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources（来源）for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation（植被）, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A. Damage to local ecology.B. A decline in the park’s income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel LAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older driver`s problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.35. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemC. Driving Service for eldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road三、2018·江西一模CAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But it’s a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intimate（亲密的）relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the world’s wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable. Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and you’ll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession. And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. It’s almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen. But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging（夸耀）, many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying. This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks—European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can’t afford to pay for it themselves. So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.28. According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.29. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food.C. A social media app.D. A photo of delicious meals.30. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.31. What’s the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Shortage in Some CountriesD. How to Spend World Food DayDTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus（章鱼）.Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the study’s authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains（地形）or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’re taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone （硅酮）body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”32. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”？A. It’s soft.B. It’s made of metal.C. It’s very small.D. It looks like an octopus.33. What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?A. They’re hard to control.B. They’re too heavy to move.C. They can’t predict conditions.D. They can’t behave well all the time.34. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s ________.A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source35. What’s the possible application of “Octobot”？A. Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operation.D. House cleaning.一、28-31 ACBD 32-35 DABC二、28-31 DCAB 32-35 CACD三、28-31 CBAB 32-35 ADDB。

高考英语阅读理解说明文5篇

高考英语说明文5篇1Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.1. What surprised the scientists a few years ago?A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.B. Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work.C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.D. A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.2. According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?A. Challenging mental work.B. Unpleasant emotions.C. Endless tasks.D. Physical labor3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?A. He agrees with them.B. He doubts them.C. He argues against them.D. He hesitates to accept them.4. We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ________.A. have some good food.B. enjoy their workC. exercise regularlyD. discover fatigue toxins2They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （警觉）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视） starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise （同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.5. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s__.A. sense of hearingB. sense of sightC. sense of touchD. sense of smell6. Babies are sensitive to the change in______.A. the size of cardsB. the colour of picturesC. the shape of patternsD. the number of objects7. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.B. To see how babies recognize sounds.C. To carry their experiment further.D. To keep the babies’interest.8. Where does this text probably come from?A. Science fiction.B. Children’s literature.C. An advertisement.D.A science report3Last night’s meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothsclild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointments.”Astronomers---scientists who study stars and planets----have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association. “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animals casualties(伤亡）result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase person’s chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the LowellObservatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.9.It happened last night thatA. the city’s lights affected the meteor watchingB. the meteors flew past before being noticedC. the city light show attracted many peopleD. the meteor watching ended up a social outing10. What do the astronomers complain about?A. Meteor showers occur less often than beforeB. Their observation equipment is in poor repairC. Light pollution has remained unsolved for yearsD. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting11. What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?A. Birds may take other migration pathsB. Animals living habits may change suddenlyC. Varieties of animals will become sharply reducedD. Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting12. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect toA. Lessen the chance of getting cancerB. create an ideal observation conditionC. ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD. enable all creatures to live in harmony13.What message does the author most want to give us?A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselvesB. Great efforts should be made to save energyC. Human activities should be environmentally friendlyD. New equipment should be introduced for space study4Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know，however，that they existed over 5,500years ago in ancient Asia.The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5，100 years old. Evidence suggests thatwheels for transport didn't become popular for .while, though . This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of road--a base layer (层)of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller atones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the Wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(泊油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.14. What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time?A. Few knew how to use transport wheels.B. Humans carried farming tools just as well.C. Animals were a good means of transport.D. The existence of transport wheels was not known.15.What do we know about road design from the passage?A. It was easier than wheel design.B. It improved after big changes in vehicle design.C. It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.D. It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.16. How is the last paragraph mainly developed?A. By giving examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following time order.D. By making classifications.17. What is the passage mainly about?A. The beginning of road deaign.B. The development of transport wheels.C. The history of public transport.D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.5Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “ Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(戏装), but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, “If you can dream it, you can do it.”It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.18. What do we know about Tom?A. He was seriously ill.B. He was a dishonest boy.C. He was crazy about magic.D. He was Dr. Epstein’s patient.19. What can be inferred about Tom’s mother?A. She was a rich lady.B. She refused Tom’s request.C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero.D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.20. When Tom went for the third operation, he_________.A. pretended to be painfulB. acted like a superheroC. appeared in poor spiritsD. argued with his mother21. In the last paragraph, you are advised________.A. to go through some difficult testsB. to wake up from your wilddreamsC. to become a powerful person in your mindD. to wear expensive clothes for job interviews22. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us an interesting story.B. To help us make right decisions.C. To advise us to care about children.D. To encourage us to use our imagination.。

高考英语专题练之说明文阅读

2022高考英语专题练之说明文阅读（A）If you want to stay in shape, but don’t have the time to go to the gym, the Mobile Gym is a good solution. It’s basically a large bus filled with the latest fitness equipment. You can find everything you need for a complete workout, and here’s the best part — you don’t need to go to the gym, and the gym comes to you!The Mobile Gym was the idea of Adam Zickerman, founder of Inform Fitness, a popular chain of gyms across the United States. It hit him when he ordered lunch from a food truck one afternoon. So why not put a gym on a truck?Zickerman experimented with a few designs and then invested $60,000 on making adaptations and fixing machines. He didn’t really need an advertising budget as the bus advertised itself. Carole Pallmeyer, for instance, found herself driving behind the Mobile Gym one day. At first she thought it was a regular bus with ads for a gym. But then she realized the bus itself was a gym, so she booked workout sessions for her entire family. “We are all busy, but we know the bus is coming and make sure we are home at 4:30 for the workouts,” she said. “You forget you’re on a bus because the workouts are tightly scheduled.”Unfortunately, it is illegal to use the fitness equipment while the bus is moving, so you don’t get to save time by working out during the rush time. It operates only once a week, only two clients ( 客户) can be accommodated at a time on the bus. And it doesn’t come cheap. Sessions start at $100, while in-house workouts are $65. But the Mobile Gym appears to be a big hit.“There are so many benefits to having the Mobile Gym come to you,” Zickerman said. “Only five to seven exercises complete a total-body workout when performed using our special equipment.” He also added that a 20-minute workout might sound easy, but it is really difficult and provides instant results. “It is very challenging and clients understand quickly why rest is important between workouts.”1．What inspired Zickerman to invent the Mobile Gym?A．A usual order for a meal.B．A casual visit to a gym.C．A tight schedule for workout.D．A specific experience of exercise. 2．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of the Mobile Gym?A.It saves much of clients’ time.B.It creates adequate private space.C.It offers special equipment needed for a total-body workout.D.It provides clients with an appropriate and effective workout.3.What’s Zickerman’s attitude towards the Mobile Gym?A.Concerned.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Optimistic.（B）“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets. That way, if an asteroid(小小小), a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most tempting destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that bombards the planet.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host microbial( 小小小小) life. Human visitors maydestroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay home?1.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Many experts insist that humans should take the risk.B.Mars is the most attractive destinations for human beings.C.Hawking firmly believes the only way to save humans is moving to Mars.D.All the other experts don’t agree with Hawking’s idea.2.Why do some experts disagree with the plan to colonize Mars?A.It will cost much more money to settle on Mars than on Earth.B.It is too long a distance from the Earth to the Mars.C.Human visitors will bring diseases to Martian environment.D.The deadly radiation that bombards the planet is the biggest danger.3.What’s the writing purpose of the passage?A.To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.B.To present different opinions on whether to move to the Mars.C.To arouse readers’ reflection on whether to colonize outer space.D.To inspire people to deal with the environmental problems.4.In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely from?A. Fiction.B. Current affairs.C. Social Studies.D. Science.（C）We use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive（认知的）processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve （检索）relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech,we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette （礼仪）rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, “OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at the University of Chicago. "It maintains people's trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.1. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.2. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.3. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A Problem（D）Researchers have found that most shy children,even the most painfully shy of them,are not shy adults.The process from shy to outgoing does not require treatment,behavior modification（矫正）or any extraordinary measures. It just happens.Most shy kids grow out of their shyness by their young adult years,and even those who do not get rid of it manage to cope with it reasonably well. They learn how to hide it,mostly because they realize that shyness puts them at a disadvantage in certain situations.I myself am a living example to the transformation.I was socially awkward until I went to college where I tried out for the role of a lead singer in a rock band and suddenly found myself on stage with four musicians behind me and hundreds of people in front of me. My social awkwardness didn't go away until I was forced to make a choice between shyness or being a campus rock star. That's a no-brainer for an 18-year-old. I had to cure myself of my lifelong shyness, and I did.But this article is not really about childhood shyness. It's about the distinction between a child's personality and behavior. Personality is just like a surface upon which an artist begins a painting. If the artist doesn't like the way his painting is progressing, he can paint over what he's done, but the surface remains as it was at the beginning-a constant (恒量）。

高一英语说明文阅读(1)

高一英语说明文阅读(1)The editors of the Kennedy School Newsletter asked students at our school to take a survey(调查). In the survey, we asked, “What is your dream job?” We asked a total of 400 students at our school. Here are the results of our survey.Most of the students at our school wanted to be professional(职业的) athletes in the future! At our school, 64 people hoped to be sports stars in the future, this included 32 future soccer players, 12 baseball players, 10 basketball players, 7 tennis players, and 3 hockey players.Lots of students at our school also wanted to be movie stars or singers. 58 students said they wanted to become singers, and 57 said that wanted to act in movies. We hope your dreams come true! Just remember your friends from school when you become superstars.Other popular future jobs included vets (49), computer programmers (40), writers (30), and artists (29). To our surprise, very few students at our school wanted to be doctors (7), lawyers (13), or business people (4). And the teachers at our school may be disappointed to know that only 9 students hoped to teach in the future. Sorry teachers!You can see the rest of the results from our survey in the chart. And for those students, who did not get to answer our survey, please stop by our office. We want to hear from you too! We will add your answers to our survey results and publish the final results in the school year book. Thanks for helping us make this interesting survey so successful!The Newsletter staff1、Which question did they probably ask in the survey?A. What do you want to be?B. when will you stop studying?C. Where do you want to live?D. Who do you like the most?2、Which answer from students surprised the people giving the survey?A. Singing is popular.B. Few are interested in law or medicine.C. Many like to play.D. Not many want to teach.3、What can be put in the blanks of the chart above?A. farmer; 4B. farmer; 10C. vet; 4D. vet; 104、How many people probably want to be plumbers?A. Six.B. Less than four.C. More than ten.D. Twenty-seven.5、The underlined phrase “stop by” means _____ .A. bring somethingB. go and stayC. not moveD. visit sometime文章出处：PES(霸王英语)阅读。

高考英语阅读理解-说明文8篇真题训练

高考英语复习阅读理解专练说明文8篇Passage 1(2017北京,C)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsrmation about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when .A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Passage 2(2017天津,A)Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send”too soonDon’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong nameThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all”unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all”to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to its subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .A.apologise in a serious mannerB.tell the receiver to ignore the errorC.learn to write the name correctlyD.send a short notice to everyone3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?A.Try offering other choices.B.Avoid further involvement.C.Meet other staff members.D.Make a light-hearted apology.4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.B.By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.D.By talking to the receiver face to face.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Defining email errors.B.Reducing email mistakes.C.Handling email accidents.D.Improving email writing.Passage 3(2017天津,D)I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours?To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池)as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from thebody and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific.“Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.1.While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to .A.keep ourselves busyB.get absent-mindedC.grow anxiousD.stay focused2.What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?A.The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.3.What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A.It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B.It doesn’t always bring the desired result.C.It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D.It doesn’t give people faith and hope.4.What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A.Take it seriously.B.Don’t rely on others.C.Do something else.D.Don’t lose heart.5.The author supports his view by .A.exploring various causes of “waits”B.describing detailed processes of “waits”C.analyzing different categories of “waits”D.revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”Passage 4(2017浙江,B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,”says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago,schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids’sleeping habits.B.Teenagers’sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents’examples.D.They don’t need to go to school early.Passage 5(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and ourthoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz DayPassage 6(2016课标Ⅲ,C)If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.Passage 7(2015课标Ⅰ,C)Salvador Dali(1904—1989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence ofMemory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.2.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the best TV programmes.3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A.By popularity.B.By importance.C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.4.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents. Passage 8(2014课标Ⅰ,B)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been theirundoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the mercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need forwood,which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farthernorth,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US2.The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasure.B.To save other birds.C.To make money.D.To protect crops.4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the public.B.It was declared too late.C.It was unfair.D.It was strict.答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。

高考英语阅读理解说明文5篇

高考英语说明文阅读专题练习及答案

Well goes an old saying, no one is perfect.We all make mistakes,and we do so with regularity.Some errors are small.Some are bigger.And some are crucial.No one enjoys being wrong.It’s an unpleasant emotional experience for all of us.Hence,some of us admit we were wrong and say ,“Oops,you were right .We should listen to your advice.”Some of us kind of imply we were wrong,but we don’t do so explicitly.For instance,they would say,“The moment I heard your advice,I suddenly had a headache.”But some people refuse to admit they’re wrong,even in the face of overwhelming evidence.Why do they never admit they were wrong?The answer is related to their ego,their verysense-of-self.Some people have such a fragile ego,such brittle self-esteem,that admitting they made a mistake or that they were wrong is fundamentally too threatening for their ego to tolerate.Accepting,they were wrong ,absorbing the reality,would be so psychologically shattering.Their defense mechanisms do something remarkable to avoid doing so.As a result,they come up with statements that are fake.Admitting our mistakes is a process of being better.What we need to keep in mind is that we’re not supposed to say we’re wrong easily or stubbornly say we are right.Deal with such situation with rationality.1.The word underlined are similar in the meaning toA.OverdueB.OverlookedC.PreponderantD.Authentic2.What does the underlined word in the text refer toA.Someone never admits he was wrong.B.Someone admits the mistakes in a way that is not so satisfying to other people.C.Someone never makes mistakes.D.Someone admits the mistakes explicitly.3.What’s the best title for the passage?A.Admit you were wrong.B.It’s better to admit mistakes.C.What is fragile ego?D.Why certain people will never admit they were wrong.With the tremendously rapid development of the economy,our environment is being faced a great threat,global warming or pollution.Our companies are devoting ourselves to such problem.With our technology we capture carbon dioxide directly from the air. The air-captured carbon dioxide can either be recycled and used as a raw material, or completely removed from the air by safely storing it.Our machines consist of modular CO₂ collectors that can be stacked to build machines of any size.Grey emissions are below 10%, which means that out of 100 tons of carbon dioxide that our machines capture from the air, at least 90 tons are permanently removed and only up to 10 tons are re-emitted.The core element of our technology are the CO₂ collectors.Our CO₂ collectors selectively capture carbon dioxide in a two-step process. First, air is drawn into the collector with a fan. Carbon dioxide is captured on the surface of a highly selective filter material that sits inside the collectors. Second, after the filter material is full with carbon dioxide, the collector is closed. We increase the temperature to between 80 and 100 °C - this releases the carbon dioxide. Finally, we can collect this high-purity, high-concentration carbon dioxide.Leading scientific studies indicate that by mid-century 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide will need to be removed from the air every year. Direct air capture is one solution that can help achieve this goal. In order to scale direct air capture up to the levels required, we need to start today and act now.1.Where does this passage probably come from?A.Science magazine showC.Local newspaperD.Science lecture2.If the machine captured 200 tons CO₂,how much is re-emitted at most?A.180B.100C.20D.03.What ’s the structure of the passage?A.B.D.Could Antarctica become habitable in the next two centuries?Amazingly, the answer is yes! First, to be clear, we can live there now, but only with food shipped in. And no matter how intense global warming gets, Antarctica will always have one enemy: darkness.It’s conceivable that the temperatures on Antarctica, particularly on the coast, could be warm enough for “normal” people to live there, but the maximum solar angle is still so low for the entirety of the continent that plants would really struggle to survive.During the summer, the sun is above the horizon for long stretches, but always at low angles. During the spring and fall, the sun is above and below the horizon for roughly equal periods of time, but when the sun is above the horizon, it’s only barely so. And of course, in winter, it’s dark for very long stretches.These con ditions would be unsuitable for subsistence agriculture, but it turns out there’s a place very much like what the coast of Antarctica might be like on a much warmer Earth: Vesterålen, Northern Norway. This lovely Norwegian town is just north of the Arctic circle. The Antarctic coast is more or less on the Antarctic circle, and thus gets similar amounts of insolation. As you can from the pictures on this site, some plants do grow here, but you’d have to be pretty selective in your crop choice.Antarctica is currently very dry, but with climate change going the way it is, it’s possible that not only temperature but precipitation could significantly increased, and if it did, it’s possible that humans could live there without food from the outside.Two centuries is not that much time for our climate. If we continue burning fossil fuels without slowing down for the next 200 years, I suspect the coastal temperature in Antarctica might rise as much as 10 degrees Celsius, maybe even more. That’s enough for a legitim ate growing season, warm enough for grazing animals, and habitable enough for a self-sufficient human colony.1.What can we infer from this passage?A.We can live in Antarctica now.B.We will live in Antarctica in 200 years.C.We could plant various plants in Antarctica.D.The solar angle in summer is the biggest than any other seasons.2.What’s the main factor concerning plants growth in Antarctica according to the passage?A.InsolationB.WaterC.SoilD.Carbon Dioxide3.What’s the main purpose of this passage?A.To call our attention to protecting the environment.B.To explain why Antarctica could become habitable.C.To introduce us a new product regarding Antarctica.D.To attract people to sign up for a tour.There’s no two-ways about it, the Universe is an extremely big place! And thanks to the limitations placed upon us by Special Relativity, traveling to even the closest star systems could take millennia. The estimated travel time to the nearest star system (Alpha Centauri) could take anywhere from 19,000 to 81,000 years using conventional methods.For this reason, many theorists have recommended that humanity should rely on generation ships to spread the seed of humanity among the stars. Naturally, such a project presents many challenges, not the least of which is how large a spacecraft would need to be to sustain a multi-generational crew. In a new study, a team of international scientists addressed this very question and determined that a lot of interior space would be needed!The study, which recently appeared online, was led by Dr. Frederic Marin of the Astronomical Observatory of Strasbourg and Dr. Camille Beluffi, a particle physicist with the scientific start-up Casc4de. They were joined by Dr. Rhys Taylor of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Science, and Dr. Loic Grau of the structural engineering firm Morphosense.And they also made a little bit of success.1.Why many theorists have recommended that humanity should rely on generation ships to spread the seed of humanity among the stars?A.Because the spacecraft needs to be much larger.B.Because there is no way to accomplish it.C.Because travelling to even the closest star systems could take so much time.D.Because it’s the easiest method .2.What does the underlined word in the passage mean?A.HandleB.EmphasizeC.Put forwardD.Ignore3.What is most likely to be said in the following passage?A.The success they have made.B.The problem they have met.C.The reason they did this research.D.The time the research can be completed.THE THINKERAuguste Rodin (1840 -1917)1903BronzeH. 180 cm ; W. 98 cm ; D. 145 cmS.1295Cast made by Fonderie Alexis Rudier in 1904. Transfered to the musée Rodin in 1922.When conceived in 1880 in its original size (approx. 70 cm) as the crowning element of The Gates of Hell , seated on the tympanum, The Thinker was entitled The Poet. He represented Dante, author of the Divine Comedy which had inspired The Gates, leaning forward to observe the circles of Hell, while meditating on his work. The Thinker was therefore initially both a being with a tortured body, almost a damned soul, and a free-thinking man, determined to transcend his suffering through poetry. The pose of this figure owes much to Carpeaux’s Ugolino (1861) and to the seated portrait of Lorenzo de’ Medici carved by Michelangelo (1526-31).While remaining in place on the monumental Gates of Hell, The Thinker was exhibited individually in 1888 and thus became an independent work. Enlarged in 1904, its colossal version proved even more popular: this image of a man lost in thought, but whose powerful body suggests a great capacity for action, has become one of the most celebrated sculptures ever known. Numerous casts exist worldwide, including the one now in the gardens of the Musée Rodin, a gift to the City of Paris installed outside the Panthéon in 1906, and another in the gardens of Rodin’s house in Meudon, on the tomb of the sculptor and his wife.1.What kind of category the Thinker belongs?A.MusicB.StatueC.PaintingD.Architecture2.The raw material of Thinker is ?A IronB.GoldC.BronzeD.Silver。

浙江省高一英语阅读理解专练说明文(一)新人教版

说明文类(I) ★Water goes around and around Earth in a never ending journey called the water cycle（循环）. The sun heats up lakes, oceans, and other wet places on Earth. When the water gets warm enough, it changes into vapour. Plants also give off lots of water vapour. Some of this water vapour cools off high in the sky and becomes clouds. Then it falls back to Earth in a new place as rain or snow. This cycle happens over and over again.The ground can absorb water like a sponge (海绵). If you could see this groundwater, it wouldn’t look like a lake or river. The groundwater is mixed in with the rocks and sand that lie in layers(层) below Earth’s surface.Groundwater moves along slowly. How slowly? Maybe 1.5 kilometres in one century. Some of this water has been underground for thousands of years. And once groundwater is pumped out of the ground from a deep well（井）by people, it may take hundreds of years for another water to take its place.35.In which order does water go around Earth?a .Fall down as rain or snow.b. Heated up by the sun on lakes, oceans and other wet places.c. Cool off high in the sky.d. Form clouds.e. Change into vapour.A. dacbeB. becdaC. caebdD. bceda36. The groundwater seems to________.A. be just on the groundB. be pure water like that in a lake or riverC. exist in rocks and sandD. flow along like rivers or streams37. The underlined word “pumped” in the passage can be replaced by________.A. runB. pushedC. drawnD. picked38. What conclusion（结论）can we draw from the passage?A. Groundwater can be quickly replaced by other water once pumped out.B. Groundwater is very valuable.C. Groundwater has nothing to do with human beings.D. Groundwater travel in an unknown way.1-4 BCCB(II) ★★★Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives．For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite．Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving．Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls．Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to US through satellites．Airplane pilots alsosometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location．We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another．They are usually 35，880 kilometers above the equator．Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place．This is because it is moving around the world at 11，000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates．A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线)facing the earth．Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit，So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position．This usually happens about every five or six days．Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth．A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years．Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired．Often，very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time．This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other．1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?A．Sending information for weather forecast．B．Taking photographs of the Earth．C．Sending TV pictures．D．Providing food for airplane pilots．2．What’s the speed the earth rotates at?A．35,880 kilometers per hour．B．335,880 kilometers per hour．C．11,000 kilometers per hour．D．110,000 kilometers per hour 3．Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates?A．In order to take photographs．B．In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit．C．In order to move away from its orbit．D．In order to send television pictures．4．What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?A．A satellite．B．A little rocket．C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky．D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position．5．Which is true of satellites?A．A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years．B．Every time a satellite gets broken，it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired．C．A broken satellite is never left in space．D．They often crash into each other．1-5 DCBCA(III) ★★★Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入，摄入), through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify (增强) foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units（IU）a serving. “People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day” Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.“African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vita min because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.1．According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because__.A. it is nutritiousB. it can‘t harm people’s healthC. it can lower cancer riskD. it is not taken enough every day2．Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D?A. Have some sunshineB. Have more meatC. Have more fortified cheeseD. Have a vitamin supplement3．Who can Garland probably be?A. A health researcherB. A doctorC. A scientistD. A public health official4．Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer?A. MilkB. Fortified orange juiceC. Fortified yogurtD. All of the above5．People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage?A. Asian peopleB. African peopleC. American peopleD. European people1—5 CBADB(IV) ★★★Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.Someone who has the ability to grow plantswell is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling, jealousy(嫉妒). The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and he does not.1. A greenhorn now refers to ____.A. a person who is new in a jobB. a new soliderC. a young horseD. a cow without horns2. A person who has a green thumb is a person ____.A. who is good at growing plantsB. whose thumbs are of green colorC. whose garden is greener than others’D. who is younger than his neighbors3. The author is actually talking about _A. colorsB. languageC. politicsD. agriculture4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. In about the 16th century, a greenhorn meant an experienced soldier.B. The Green Revolution may have some connection with green thumbs.C. The green-eyed monster was probably created by William Shakespeare.D. The green-eyed monster can be used to describe a person who is jealous.1-4 AABA(V) ★★★People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. Abouthalf of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.1. A “developmental" disability ______.A. develops very slowly over timeB. is caused by forcesC. occurs in youth and affects developmentD. is getting more and more severe2．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functionsB. they were not very well looked afterC. medical techniques were not availableD. they were too poor to get proper treatment3. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightfulplace in society, ______.A．more laws should be passedB．public attitudes should be changedC．government should provide more aidsD．more public facilities should be set up4. Which of the following cannot be inferred（推断）from the passage ?A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.B．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.C．The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.D． Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.5. The best title for this passage might be ______.A．Handicaps（不利条件；障碍；）of People with DisabilitiesB．The physical difficulties of the DisabledC．The Causes for DisabilitiesD．Medical Treatments for Disabilities1-5 CCBDA。

高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练

高考英语说明文阅读理解专项训练说明文专项训练（1）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文有助睡眠的发明297 ★★★6分钟Do you want a better life? The inventors have come up with many new ideas, which are designed to help us withour everyday life.The Balluga BedThe Balluga Bed is a smart bed with adjustable firmness, temperature control and a built-in massage(按摩) system, all with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity. The smart bed can massage you to sleep in a comfortable way.If you have trouble sleeping, why not have a try?The HydroGuardThe HydroGuard invention is a reusable flood protection device (设备) that can be quickly put in place by homeowners. It fits any door type a nd is expandable, meaning the unit expands to fit any door size. It works by sealing the door and prevents water from being able to get through.The Sg-easy GlovesThe Sq-easy Gloves, washing-up and cleaning gloves, are fitted with a built-in refillable soap container. As wearers wash up, they can squeeze a small bit of liquid to produce more suds (泡沫). The Sq-easy Gloves have also developed a family function for parents to use while bathing their children-removing the need to hold the child in one hand and use shampoo in another.The Beach Bag PlusWould you like to go traveling? The Beach Bag Plus will help you a lot. It's a beach bag that amazes a beach lover with a cool bag, wet pockets and secret pockets for valuables. The bag is now on sale online with Bunker Bound.解析：这是一篇说明文。

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