高级英语BOOK-ONE--Unit-10--A-more-perfevt-union-课后练习答案教程文件
高级英语unit 10
Ernest Hemingway (1899--1961),
American novelist and short story writer, one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Hemingway's fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives - soldiers, fisher- men, athletes, bullfighters -- who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein, is direct, terse and often monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject matter.
American Literature went through a profound change in the post WWI era. Up until this point, American writers were still expected to use the rigid Victorian styles of the 19th Century. The lost generation writers were above, or apart from, American society, not only in geographic terms, but also in their style of writing and subjects they chose to write about. Although they were unhappy with American culture, the writers were instrumental in changing their country's style of writing, from Victorian to modern.
高级英语(第三版)第一册第九课 A More Perfect Union(Part I)[精]
![高级英语(第三版)第一册第九课 A More Perfect Union(Part I)[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a758f88d9b89680202d8252e.png)
democracy. since it was the first document initiating the beginning of the end of the concept of the divine right of kings. At that time, no one could be sure if it would survive or the experiment could succeed.
Lesson Nine A More Perfect Union -- Barack Hussein Obama
Objectives of Lesson 9
• Familiarize students with the background of the speech;
• Enable students to understand Obama’s views; • Help students to appreciate the speech: lexical,
Background
（中央社记者刘坤原华盛顿三十一日专电）美国民主党总统候选人提名初选领先 者、伊利诺州联邦参议员奥巴马今天宣布，他与他太太已经决定放弃芝加哥三一 联合基督教会教友身份。
三一联合基督教会是芝加哥最大的黑人教会之一。造成奥巴马决定离开这个教 会的近因是，白人牧师福列上週日应邀到该教堂布道时，嘲笑奥巴马的竞选对手、 纽约州联邦参议员Hillary CLinton白人优越感作祟。
对颜色的喜爱体现在他的所有绘画中.
• His name lies embedded in the minds of millions of people.
高级英语第一册 Unit10 The trial that rocked the world
• throng 用作 (n.) • A patient throng was waiting in silence. 一大群人耐心地静候着。 • She had to press through the throng to reach the stage. 她不得不穿过拥挤的人群走上舞台。 • He was met by a throng of journalists and photographers. 他受到一大群记者和摄影师的迎接。 • The rapid influx of well-meaning aid agencies that now throng the dusty remnants of Portau-Prince has contributed to the confusion. 迅速涌入的救援机构出于善心帮助，但大量群集 在太子港的废墟之中却是乱上添乱。
• send, deliver, dispatch, forward, ship, transmit • 这些动词均含“送出，发送，传送”之意。 • send： 普通最常用词，含义广。指把人或物由一地送 往另一地，而不涉及事物的内容或 送的方式。 • deliver： 指把信件、包裹等物寄发出去或交到某地， 或直接交与某人，着重发送这一行为。 • dispatch： 指为特殊目的而发送或派遣，强调紧急或 快速。 • forward： 指经过其他人或手段把东西转送给某人。 • ship： 把通过水运、陆运或空运等方式运送东西。现 常指商业上的运货，或将物品托运。 • transmit： 指将文件、消息等的内容或类似的东西发 至某地或传达给他人。
• Because of the heat and a fear that the old court‘s floor might collapse（倒塌，坍塌）, under the weight of the throng（人群）, the trial was resumed（继续进行） outside under the maples（枫树）. • 由于天气炎热，加上担心老旧的法庭地板会因承 受不住人群的重量而垮掉，审判改在法庭外面的 枫树下继续进行。
张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 9 “A More Perfect
Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ)一、词汇短语1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的2. persecution n. the state of treating someonecruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of theirreligious or political beliefs 迫害3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible tosettle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get anadvantage 僵局，僵持4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used inthe past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma onparchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭6. obligation n. the state of being forced to dosomething because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责，债务7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easilyinfluenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的，执着的8. decency n. honest, polite behavior that follows acceptedmoral standards and shows respect for others庄重，正派，体面9. inheritance n. the money, property, etc. that you receivefrom somebody when they die; the fact of receiving something whensomebody dies遗传，遗产10. sear v. 1) to burn the surface of something in a way that is sudden andpowerful烧焦，使枯萎; 2) to cause somebody to feel sudden and great pain 烙印11. coalition n. a union of two or more political partiesthat allows them to form a government or fight an election together（政党之间的）联盟，联合12. bubble v. to form bubbles使沸腾，使冒泡13. primary n. (American English) in the U.S. a local meeting ofvoters of a given political party to nominate candidates for public office,select delegates to a convention, etc.（政党中的）初选14. scour v. to search very carefully and thoroughly through an area,a document etc.彻底搜寻，擦亮，洗涤15. exit poll n. a way of guessing the results ofan election by asking people who have just finished voting who theyvoted for选举投票后民意测验16. polarization n. the act ofseparating or making people separate into two groups withcompletely opposite opinions两极分化17. divisive adj. causing people to be split into groups thatdisagree with or oppose each other分裂的，造成不和的18. spectrum n. a complete range of opinions, people,situations etc. going from one extreme to its opposite范围，幅度；光谱19. wide-eyed adj. having little experience and therefore verywilling to believe, trust or accept somebody/something睁大眼睛的，天真的，吃惊的20. reconciliation n. an end to a disagreementand the start of a good relationship again和解，调和21. pastor n. a person, as a priest or minister, in spiritual andjurisdictional charge of a parish, church, congregation or community牧师22. incendiary adj. an incendiary speech, piece of writingetc. is intended to make people angry（演讲、文章等）煽动性的23. denigrate v. to blacken; disparage the character orreputation of; defame 贬低，诋毁，诽谤，污蔑24. unequivocal adj. not ambiguous; plain, clear明确的，不含糊的25. nagging adj. complaining for a long time and difficult to stop唠叨的，挑剔的26. rabbi n. (Judaism) a scholar and teacher of the Jewish law; now,specifically an ordained Jew, usually the spiritual head of a congregation,qualified to decide questions of law and ritual and to perform marriages,etc.拉比（犹太人的学者），法学博士，法师，先生27. endemic n. an endemic disease or problem is always presentin a particular place, or among a particular group of people风土的，地方性的28. stalwart adj. loyal; brave, valiant; firm, unyielding坚定的，健壮的29. professed adj. used to describe a belief or a position thatsomebody has publicly made known公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的30. sermon n. a speech given as instruction in religion or morals,esp. by a priest, minister, or rabbi during services, using a text fromScripture训诫，说教，布道31. You Tube n. a video-sharing website on which users canupload, share, and view videos, created in 2005 and bought by GoogleInc., and is now operated as a subsidiary of Google一种视频网站32. marine adj. connected with the sea and the creatures andplants that live there海的，海产的；航海的，海运的33. seminary n. a college where priests, ministers or rabbis are trained神学院34. reverend adj. the title of a member of the clergy that is alsosometimes used to talk to or about one（对教士的尊称）可尊敬的，教士的35. chronicle n. a written record of events in the order in which they happened 编年史36. predominantly adv. mostly; mainly主要地，显著地，占主导地位地37. gang-banger n. (American English) a member of a violentgang暴力团伙中的一员38. raucous adj. sounding unpleasantly loud 沙哑的，粗嘎的39. bawdy adj. bawdy songs, jokes, stories etc. are about sex and arefunny, enjoyable, and often noisy（歌曲、笑话、故事等）下流的，淫秽的40. jarring adj. making someone feel annoyed or shocked不和谐的，刺耳的；让人震惊或恼火的41. baptize v. to give somebody baptism给人施洗礼（作为入基督教的标志），命名（作为洗礼仪式的一部分）42. derogatory adj. showing a critical attitude towards somebody贬损的，不敬的43. courtesy n. polite behavior that shows respect for other people谦恭，礼貌44. disown v. to say that you no longer want to be connected withsomeone or something, especially a member of your family orsomething that you are responsible for否认，与断绝关系45. cringe v. to feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable aboutsomething畏缩，阿谀，奉承，感到难堪46. crank n. someone who has unusual ideas and behaves strangely举止奇怪的人47. demagogue n. a political leader who tries to make peoplefeel strong emotions in order to influence their, opinions—used toshow disapproval蛊惑民心的政客，煽动者48. amplify v. 1) to increase something in strength, especiallysound放大，增强2) to add details to a story, statement, etc.详述二、课文精解1. Barack Obama: 奥巴马2008年3月18日的演讲《更加完善的联邦》是他总统竞选活动中最重要的演讲之一。
高级英语教案 Book1 Unit10
Unit Ten The Trial That Rocked the WorldTeaching Periods: 8Teaching Object:English majors of junior yearTeaching Aims·To enable students to get better understanding of the text·To help students learn to use new words and useful expressions in the text ·To enable students to learn to paraphrase some complicated sentences·To enrich students’knowledge about American trial culture and religious culture·To help students appreciate the style and rhetoric of the textTeaching Focus:·Cultural Information·Language points and expressions·The theme of the story·Figures of speechTeaching Difficulties:·Paraphrasing some sentences·Identifying figures of speech·Appreciation of narrative style of writingTeaching Procedures·Background information·Questions to ponder·Detailed study of the text·Structural analysis·Rhetorical devices and effective writing skills·ExerciseTime Allocation: 8 periods, 360minutes·Background information (20 minutes)·Intensive study of the text (250 minutes)·Exercise (90 minutes)I. Background Information1. Charles Darwin & his The Origin of Speciesi Charles Darwin(1809-1882): British, world famous naturalist and biologist;originator of the theory of man’s evolution by natural selection; his best known works: Origin of Species(1859),Descent of Man(1871).better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new andmodified form.”ii. The Process of Natural Selection:“As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive, and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, itfollows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life.2. about the TrialJohn Thomas Scopes came to Tennessee fresh out of college. In the spring of 1925, he had just completed his first year as science teacher and part-time football coach at the high school in the little town of Dayton.Scopes planned to return home to Kentucky for the summer. But in his words, "a beautiful blonde" distracted him and he stayed for another week hoping for a date. The decision changed his life forever.It all began when the state of Tennessee passed a law making it a crime to teach evolution in public schools. A new organization called the American Civil Liberties Union responded immediately. The ACLU placed an ad inviting a teacher to help test the law in the courts. Dayton was in an economic slump, and the town's movers and shakers thought a sensational trial would put Dayton "on the map."John Scopes was playing tennis when a group of businessmen called him to the town gathering place, Robinson's drugstore. They asked if he would be willing to be indicted for teaching evolution. Though he could not remember actually teaching Darwin's theory, Scopes believed in evolution and agreed to the plan.The trial quickly became a media circus. John Scopes was to have Clarence Darrow, America's top criminal lawyer, defend him. The famous politician and anti-evolutionist, William Jennings Bryan, volunteered to assist the prosecution. Reporters from all over the country flocked to Dayton, including an announcer from Chicago's WGN radio. It would be the first live broadcast of a trial in American history.The trial began on July 10, 1925. "The town was filled with men and women who considered the case a duel to the death," John Scopes later wrote. "Everything I did was likely to be noted. "But over the next two weeks nobody paid much attention to the defendant. Attorneys for both sides hogged the spotlight in the overheated courtroom. In the words of historian Kevin Tierney, "Scopes was being used. He was completely willing to be used. But essentially the case had been taken over by the big names."On the most sensational day of the trial, when Clarence Darrow interrogated William Jennings Bryan as an expert on the Bible, Scopes actually became a reporter for his own trial --filling in for a journalist who had left town!The trial ended in a conviction. The judge imposed a fine of $100 and John Scopes spoke for the first time. "Your honor," he said, "I feel that I have been convicted of violating an unjust statute. I will continue in the future, as I have in the past, to oppose this law in any way I can."For Scopes, the trial had been an ordeal. When it was all over, he gave up teaching and left town. He accepted a scholarship to the University of Chicago, received a master's degree in geology and took a job as a petroleum engineer in Venezuela --where no one had ever heard of him.In 1960 the defendant returned to the scene of his "crime" when the movie versionof the trial, Stanley Kramer's Inherit the Wind, premiered at a Dayton drive-in. Scopes saw himself on the big screen as Bertram Cates, defender of science and victim of intolerance. In the film he is jailed for his beliefs.In 1967 John Scopes summed up his life in his lively autobiography, Center of the Storm. "A man's fate, shaped by heredity and environment and an occasional accident," he wrote, "is often stranger than anything the imagination may produce."3. about the persons involvedi. John Scope: the last surviving principal of the famous Tennessee “Monkey Trial”of 1925. The man whose name became synonymous with the teaching of evolution in American schools.ii. Clarence Darrow(1857-1938): American lawyer. He acted professionally in many cases against monopolies or on the side of labor; he pleaded for the Negro defendants in the Scottsboro trial (1932). He was also the president of the American League to abolish Capital Punishment.iii. William Jennings Bryan(1860-1925); American leader, editor, and popular lecturer; three times a nominee for the presidency of the US.,Secretary of State (1901-1913). Just before his death (1925) Bryan figured as one of the prosecuting attorneys and a state’s witness against the teaching of Darwinian evolution in the famed Scopes trial held at Dayton, Tennessee.II. Questions to ponder1. Can you tell some information about the Fundamentalist movement?2. Do you know Darwin’s theory of evolution?3.Would you like to tell the story of Adam and Eve?4. Would you like to tell the story of creation?III. Detailed Study of the Text1.rock: to cause great shock and surprise to2. A buzz ran through the crowd… that sweltering July day in 1925:Buzz: the vibrating sound of a bee; here it refers to the sound of many people whispering or talking excitedly in low tones.Sweltering: oppressively hot and humid; very hot, causing unpleasantness.3. The counsel for my defence…Counsel: one or more lawyers acting for someone in a court of lawCriminal lawyer: a specialist in criminal law (law related to crime or its punishment)4. Leading counsel for the prosecution… that had brought about my trial:5. Seated in court… of Harvard University:On somebody’s behalf: to benefit, support, serve the interests of somebody Distinguished: renowned, eminent, recognized for excellence in some field.6. a jury trial: a trial that had a jury ( a group of 12 responsible, impartial citizens chosen to hear the case and make the decision (reach a verdict) of guilty or not in accordance with their findings)7. “Don’t worry…” as we were waiting for the court to open:We’ll show them a few tricks:We’ll do a few things to outwit them (the prosecution); or we have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.Reassuring arm: Obviously the arm can’t be reassuring; it means in a reassuring manner, a friendly gesture to put John at ease.8.erupt: emerge suddenly and violently; explode9. clash: conflict, disagreement10. adhere to : believe in, follow devotedly11. advance: put forward; propose12. ancestor: a person, esp. one living a long time ago, from whom another is descended13. state legislature: official body of people who pass laws. Each of the 50 states in the U.S. has a legislature. The national legislature is called the congress.14. squarely: directly15. legality: in keeping with a law, or a requirement of law16. When I was indicted… in U.S. historyindict: to charge(someone) formally with an offence in lawSnowball: grow rapidly in size or significance17. renowned: (formal) famous, distinguished, suggesting being named publicly again and again for some outstanding quality, achievement, etc.18. circus: public entertainment consisting of a variety of performances by acrobats, clowns and trained animals, often performed in large tents by a group that travels from one town to another.19.festoon: decorate; a festoon is a string of flowers, leaves, ribbons, etc. suspended ina curve between two points20. The streets… and water melons:Sprout: grow or develop quicklyRickety: liable to fall or break down because weak, shaky21. Evangelists set up tents to exhort the passersby:Evangelist: any one who preached the Christian gospel, esp. a traveling preacher Exhort: urge earnestly22. infidel: unbelievers in religious sense, meaning godless and implying being in the hands of the devil23. The presiding judge… reg’lar mountaineer jedge”:Presiding: person in charge of the proceedings, person holding position of authority Florid-faced: face flushed with rosy color; ruddy face24. Bryan, ageing and paunchy.. Tom steward:Paunchy: (derog or humor) (esp. of a man) having a fat stomach; pot-bellied25. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow… steeped in the law:Shrewd: astute, sharp, clever, not to be outwittedMagnetic: strongly attractive; said of a person. Personality etc.Steep: immerse, saturate, absorb or imbue26. agnostic: a person who questions, doubts the existence of God and claims that Hisexistence can’t be proved.27. The judge called for… “ That’s one hell of a jury!”:Call for: send forOpen the session: begin the trialunder way: in motion, in progressGrowl: complain in an angry or surly manner; utter in a gruff, rumbling voice, esp. angrily28. one hell of a jury: no jury at all; a completely inappropriate juryExamples: That was a hell of an exam.It’s been one hell of a trip.It’s a hell of a change.29. spar: (fig.) engage in argument; fight with words30. bigotry: obstinate narrow-mindedness; intolerance; prejudice31. rampant: widespread and impossible to control; spreading unchecked32.After a while… to the human mind:Bigot: someone obstinately and intolerantly devoted to his own beliefs, creed or party Faggot: a bundle of sticks for firewood bound together33. snort: say in a scornful, contemptuous way as if with a snort (exhale forcibly and noisily through the nostrial, as a horse)34. warm: become more enthusiastic, animated35. brandish: wave menacingly, as a weapon36. sonorous: having a pleasantly full loud sound37. reconcile: find agreement between; make (arguments, ideas etc.) consistent, compatible etc.38. out-thrust: pushed out39. Gone was the fierce fervour … a prairie fire:Fierce fervour: ardent, extreme intensity of emotionSwept … like a prairie fire: moved quickly with the speed of a fire in a large flat grassland40. scorch: parch; wither; burn41. agency: (usu. sing.) the power or force which causes a result; influence; means; instrumentality42. hush: stillness; quiet, silence, esp. a peaceful one43. adjourn: close or suspend a meeting, usually to be resumed at another time44. entrepreneur: a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking, assuming the risk for the sake of the profit45. Spectators paid… be related:Gaze: look steadily for a period of timePonder: spend time in considering carefully46. brute: (often derog.) an animal, esp. a large one47. sulphurous: violently emotional; heated; fiery48. yokes: (humorous or derog.) naïve, gullible, narrow-minded small town or country people; hicks, bumpkins49. perch: rest, stand or sit on some elevated place, usually referring to birds50. Now Darrow… for the defense:Trump card: in some card games, a certain suit if declared trump, i.e., as outranking all other suits; the winning card; an important advantagespring his trump card: use suddenly that which is most advantageous to his cause in order to improve his position51. wily: clever in tricks, esp. for getting something one wants; crafty; sly52. repel: drive back by or as if by force53. Under Darrow’s quiet questioning … with fervent “Amens”Defiant: showing no fear or respectFervent: showing great warmth of feeling; intensely devoted or earnest54. snigger: sarcastic, somewhat stifled laugh55. twirl: swing or spin in a circle quickly56. livid: pale with rage57. slur: unfair damaging remark; any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someone’s reputation58. quell: (poet. And rhet.) suppress, quiet59. My heart… shake Darrow’s hand:Go out to: be extended toHeart goes out to:( formal) feel sorry for; feel pity or sympathy for60. verdict: the official decision made by a jury in a court of law, declared to the judge at the end of a trial61. hail: greet; acclaim, designate62. overlook: have a view of (something or someone) from above63. The oratorical storm… passing yearsBlow up: ( of bad weather) start blowing; arrive; ariseIn its wake: following directly or close behind it; following as a consequenceIV. Structural Analysis of the Text:Section one: An introduction to the atmosphere and the characters (paras10-11): 1. Bryan (ageing and paunchy), John Butler (an ill-educated man), Tom Steward ( a brilliant lawyer, Bryan’s son ), and the multitude mostly fundamentalists2. Darrow(68year-old, shrewd, an agnostic), Dudley Field Malone(43, handsome and magnetic, a Catholic), Arthur Garfield Hays (quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law, a Jew), and my father from Kentucky3. The presiding judge: John Raulston (florid-faced, “I’m jist a reg’lar mountaineer jedge”)Section Two: First round of the debate (paras12-25):1.The first day(paras12-15):1)An open session with prayer2)The preliminary sparring over legalities3)Darrow’s opening statement2.The following day(paras16-25):1)Calling witnesses against me2)Bryan rose to address the jury(20-22)3)Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply(23-25)Section Three: The court adjourned (paras26-28)Situations on Dayton’s streetsSection Four: The Climax of the Trial (paras29-43)DarrowvsBryan: a discussion on the BibleSection Five: The verdict and my fate (paras44-46)The verdict was guilty. I got fined 100 dollars and the cost. I was offered my teaching job but I declined. I was offered a scholarship so that I could pursue the study of science at the Univercity of Chicago. Later I became a geologist for an oil company. Section Six: I went back to Dayton(paras47-49)---Changes in the small town:1. A William Jennings Bryan University on a hill-top overlooking the valley.2. The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrowand Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, Bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.V. Rhetoric Devices & Effctive Writing Skills1) Rhetoric Devices1. simile It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparisoni s indicated by the words’“as, like”.2. metaphor3. synecdoche: Synecdoche is applied when a part is substituted for the whole or the whole is substituted for a part.一辆“红旗”开了进来。
张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 10 “A More Perfect
Lesson 10 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅱ)一、词汇短语1. pervasive adj. existing in all parts of a place or thing;spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing普遍深入的2. mortgage n. a legal arrangement by which you borrow moneyfrom a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and payback the money over a period of years 抵押贷款，按揭3. amass v. if you amass money, knowledge, information etc., yougradually collect a large amount of it 积聚（尤指财富），积累，大量收集4. bequeath v. (formal) to leave (property) to another by last willand testament; to hand down to posterity遗赠，遗留，把……传下去5. erosion n. 1) the process by which the surface of something isgradually destroyed through the action of wind, rain, etc.腐蚀，侵蚀；2) theprocess of gradually destroying something or making it weaker over aperiod of time逐步损害，削弱6. blight n. anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation 不良影响，打击7. constricted adj. tight or narrow, limited or restricted 收缩的；狭窄的8. languishing adj. to become weaker or fail to makeprogress日趋衰弱的，苦思的，渴望的9. humiliation n. a feeling of being ashamed orstupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of makingsomebody feel like this羞辱，蒙耻10. gin up v. to come up with; generate使形成，发生11. pulpit n. an elevated platform of a high reading desk used inpreaching or conducting a worship service（教堂的）讲道坛12. pew n. originally a compartment in the auditorium of a churchproviding seats for several persons; now a long bench with a back, in achurch教堂内的靠背长凳13. truism n. an undoubted or self-evident truth, esp. one tooobvious for mention真实性14. squarely adv. 1) directly; not at an angle or to one side方形地，直角地，四角地；2) directly or exactly; without confusion直接地，断然地，干脆地15. complicity n. association of partnership in or as in a wrongful act同谋，共犯16. forging v. 1)to put a lot of effort into making somethingsuccessful or strong so that it will last锻炼；2) to make an illegal copy ofsomething in order to cheat people伪造17. chasm n. a deep crack in the earth’s surface; abyss; any break orgap; a wide divergence of feelings, sentiments, interest, etc. 深坑，裂口18. dump v. to get rid of somebody/something or leave them forsomebody else to deal with倾倒（垃圾），倾卸，摆脱，转嫁（责任等）19. stagnant adj. not developing, growing or changing停滞的，迟钝的20. zero sum adj. of, relating to, or being a situation (as agame or relationship) in which a gain for one side entails acorresponding loss for the other side零和的21. bogus adj. not true or real, although someone is trying to makeyou think it is 假冒的，伪造的22. reverse v. to change something completely so that it is theopposite of what it was before颠倒，倒转23. counterproductive adj. having theopposite effect to the one which was intended反生产的，使达不到预期目标的24. culprit n. (informal) the reason for a particular problem ordifficulty问题的起因，困难的起源；犯人，罪犯25. lobbyist n. a person whose job involves trying to influencepoliticians or the government and, for example, persuade them tosupport or oppose a change in the law活动议案通过者，说客26. legitimate adj. allowed and acceptable according tothe law合法的，合理的，正统的27. grievance n. a belief that you have been treated unfairly, oran unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you不平，不满，委屈，冤情28. succumb v. to not be able to fight an attack, an illness, a temptation, etc.屈服，屈从29. quintessentially adv. in a way that representsthe perfect example of something典型地，标准地30. audacity n. the confidence to say or do what you want,despite difficulties, risks or the negative attitudes of other people大胆，厚颜无耻，大言不惭31. ail v. to cause problems for somebody/something折磨，使疼痛，使烦恼32. Scripture n. (capitalized) the books of the Bible 基督教（圣经），经文33. fodder n. people or things that are considered to have only one use饲料，草料；（创作的）素材34. pounce v. to move suddenly forwards in order to attack or catchsomebody/something突袭35. gaffe n. an embarrassing mistake made in a social situation or in public（在社交场合或当众）出丑，失言，失态36. crumbling adj. breaking apart into lots of little pieces, ormaking something do this破碎的；崩溃的37. cynical adj. believing that people only do things to helpthemselves rather than for good or honest reasons愤世嫉俗的38. file v. to present something so that it can be officially recorded anddealt with提出（申请等），把……归档，琢磨39. mustard n. a thick cold yellow or brown sauce that tastes hotand spicy and is usually eaten with meat芥菜，芥末40. relish v. to get great pleasure from something; to want very muchto do or have something盼望，期待；享受，喜爱，品味二、课文精解1. Understanding this reality requires of a reminder of how we arrived at this point. (Para. 27)：reminder暗示；提醒的人/物。
高级英语第一册Unit10_The_Trial_That_Rocked_the_World
• Cf. council: a group of people appointed or elected to make laws, rules, or decisions, for a town, etc., or to give advice. • the state council国务院 • the Council of Ministers内阁 • the UN Security Council安理会 • Official meetings of the town council镇政会 are always held in the council chamber会议室.
snowball:
• to increase in size faster and faster or uncontrollably • The effect of rising prices has snowballed. • He helped the organization to snowball its political influence.
hand:
• • • • • • • • • • • on hand: present, available the hidden hand the minute [hour] hand ask for a girl's hand give one's hand to sb. a fresh [green] hand a crack [good, great] hand extra hands at first hand (knowledge at first hand )。 at second hand at hand
• 对----提出诉讼
• take divorce proceedings
大学高级英语第一册第10课译文及课后答案
“我反对这种说法，”达罗大声叫道。“我只是在考验你的那些愚蠢的想法，世界上没有哪个有知识的基督徒会相信你的那些想法。”
法官敲响小木槌止住了喧哗声，随即宣布休庭，次日再审。
布莱恩孤零零地站在那儿。当观众们纷纷从他身边挤过去同达罗握手时，我的心替这位昔日的英雄难过起来。
第二天中午，陪审团受命对此案进行裁决。陪审员们离席退到草坪的一角，只低声议论了九分钟，结果是判决被告有罪。我被罚款一百美元，并支付诉讼费用。
课后练习答案
I．
1)In the 1920s，when he was a teacher at a secondary school in Dayton，a little town in the mountains of Tenessee，he was charged with teaching evolution and had to be present in the court．The trial。however，rocked the world．After the trial，he studied at the University of Chicago and became a geologist for an oil company later．
我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久，这件案子就突然降临到我的头上。若干年来，原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解《旧约全书》，而现代主义者则接受查尔斯?达尔文的进化论——认为一切动物，包括猿和人，都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。
在田纳西州，原教旨主义势力很强，州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令，禁止公开讲授“任何否定《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论。”这项新法规的矛头直接指向了达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治?拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和当地人进行辩论。有一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，任何人要讲授生物学，就不能不讲进化论。因为我就是讲授生物学的，所以他们便把我叫去作证。
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5. And once in a while such sentiments are expressed in sermons and among church congregations.
6. As a result, white Americans are very much worried about their futures, feeling that their American dream is coming to an end,feeling hopeless and helpless. So they have a hostile attitude towards those whom they consider their competitors.
8. The anger of the blacks and the resentment of the whites are not groundless. Both groups have legitimate concerns. Yet their anger is directed toward the wrong targets, thus hampering the solution of the issues causing such anger. Neither side has come to see the problem. So a racial deadlock exists.
11. We can jump on some remarks made by some Hillary supporters against me and use this to show that Hillary also tries to appeal to whites to defeat me in the Democratic campaign/ primary. We can also guess that white people will all go to vote for John McCain in the general election no matter what his policies would be, they would support him only because he is whitly because they are of the same race.
4. But views colored by race do come up at informal conversations in the barbershop or the beauty shop where people meet, or over dinner among family dinners. But black anger does get expressed on informal occasions such as in the barbershop, in the beauty shop or over dinner among family members.
Unit 10
A More Perfect Union Key to Exercises
paraphrase
1. In order to understand the complexities of race we need to know the history and development of racial relations, the sufferings and injustices the blacks were subjected to.
10. For the whites, they should admit that what troubles the blacks are not simply imagined, they do exist/ they are real and must be dealt with.
They should see clearly that the wrong once done to the blacks in the past is a fact and subtle discrimination still exists today and should be solved properly.
7. Talk show hosts and conservative commentators became famous through exposing so-called incidents of racism which were in fact not true. They said that reasonable discussions of unfair treatment of minorities were catering to excessive sensibility to minority causes or were racism against the whites.
2. The influence of what happened in the previous times has not disappeared. Such influences can still be seen.
3. Out of those who worked or struggled very hard to climb the social ladder, many did not succeed. They were defeated in life’s struggle, as a result of racial discrimination.
9. The black community should face and handle bravely the legacy of racial injustice of the past while at the same time should not feel wronged all the time.