高级英语课文解析-下册
高级英语下册课文讲解
高级英语（下）Lesson OneWhat’s Wrong with Our Press?课文要义（Main idea of the text）As a printed - word woman, the author tries to point out the disadvantages and problemsremain in the press by making a contrast with television based on the date out of a survey. Having sharply criticized the partisan bit and the abuse of the sacred right entrusted to the press: to inform a free people. Marya Mamies has reached a conclusion that the press willbe hopeless and useless unless it has to make some dramatic changes even though change means trouble, work and cost.词汇(V ocabulary)1. conflict (v): (of opinions, desires, etc.) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible 不一致；冲突Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们截然不同。
Do British laws conflict with any international laws? 英国法与国际法是否有相违背之处？2. allot (v): give (time, money, duties, etc.) as a share of what is available; apportion sth. 分配；分给The principal allotted each grade a part in the Christmas program. 校长分给每个年级一部分圣诞礼物。
高级英语blackmail课文解析
高级英语blackmail课文解析示例文章篇一：《<高级英语“Blackmail”课文解析>》哎呀，今天咱们就来说说高级英语里的那篇“Blackmail”吧。
这篇课文可真是像一场超级刺激的电影一样呢！一、故事中的人物课文里有好几个特别鲜明的人物呢。
首先就是那个公爵夫人，哇，她可真是个厉害的角色。
她就像是一只高傲的孔雀，穿着华丽的衣服，带着那种贵族特有的傲慢。
你看她，在面对事情的时候，总是想着怎么维护自己家族的名声，就像守着宝藏一样，这宝藏就是他们家族几百年来的声誉呀。
她说话的时候那种高高在上的感觉，真的让人觉得有点讨厌，可是又不得不佩服她的那种冷静。
然后就是那个叫奥格尔维的侦探。
他呀，就像一只狡猾的狐狸。
他知道公爵夫人和公爵的秘密，就想着从这个秘密里捞一笔。
他那胖胖的身体，看起来有点滑稽，可是他的眼睛里却透着那种精明的光。
他和公爵夫人的对话就像是一场激烈的战斗，两个人都在互相试探，互相揣摩对方的心思。
他说的每一句话都像是在给公爵夫人下套，想让她乖乖地把钱交出来。
还有公爵呢，虽然课文里对他描写得没有公爵夫人那么多，可是他就像一个影子一样，一直在背后影响着整个事情的发展。
他的错误就像一颗定时炸弹，随时都可能把他们家族的名声炸得粉碎。
二、情节的起伏这篇课文的情节就像坐过山车一样。
一开始，奥格尔维发现了公爵夫妇的秘密，然后他就大摇大摆地去见公爵夫人。
这时候，公爵夫人还不知道他的来意呢，还以为他只是来汇报一些普通的事情。
可是当奥格尔维慢慢地把秘密透露出来的时候，气氛一下子就紧张起来了。
就像突然有一片乌云遮住了阳光，房间里变得阴森森的。
公爵夫人一开始还试图用自己的身份来压奥格尔维，她觉得自己是贵族，这个小侦探肯定不敢对她怎么样。
她就像一只母狮子在保护自己的领地一样，充满了攻击性。
可是奥格尔维根本不吃这一套，他继续说着那些威胁的话。
这时候，公爵夫人开始慌了，她知道这个秘密要是被传出去，那可就不得了了。
[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课
![[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/73319e44b7360b4c2f3f641a.png)
[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课Lesson OnePart One: paragraph 1 --- paragraph 6sh: v. to move quickly or violently 猛烈冲击、猛打(1) 暴风雨袭击了海岸的那片树林。
Rainstorm lashed the forest on the coast.(2) 冰雹无情地打下来。
Hail lashed down mercilessly.(3) The waves are lashing the shore.(4) A rising wind was lashing the rain against the window.2.pummel/ pommel: n.v. to beat or hit with repeated blows, esp. with the fist 用拳头连续敲打(1) The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd.(2) 他诱骗那人到角落狠狠揍了他30秒钟。
He trapped the man in a corner and pummeled him ferociously for thirty seconds.3. Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama4. California, Las Vegas5. consult: go to a person or book for informationconsult sb.: ask sb. for special information, adviceconsult with sb.: to exchange opinions of sb.6. Hurricane Betsy:a powerful Hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic Hurricane season which caused enormous damage inthe Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana.7. A good: at least, full(1) 我们足足等了三个小时. We waited for a good three hours.(2) 昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉. Bill had a good drink at the pub last night.(3) It is a good five hours to drive to the railway station.(4) His parents gave him a good beating.8. We can batten down and ride it out.A metaphor: compare the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at seaWe can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.9. Batten: to fasten with battens 用压条钉住(或固定)10. Ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without much damage.11. Scud: (of clouds or ships) to move swiftly, glide or skim along easily 疾行、飞驰、掠过(1) The ship scuds before the wind.(2) White clouds scudded across the sky.12. Vietnam(1) A country of southeast Asia (2) Capital: Hanoi (3) The largest city: Ho Chi Minh City (4)Population: 84,400,000 (5) the Red River (6) the Mekong River Delta 13. Sit out:(1) It’s hot indoors. Let’s sit out in the garden.sit sth. out: a. to stay to the end of a performanceb. take no part in (esp. a particular dance) (2) The play was boring, but we sat it out.(3) I think I will sit out the next dance.Part Two: paragraph 7 --- paragraph 271. French door: two adjoining doors that have glass panes from topto bottom and they open inthe middleto throw away; (fig.) to do sth. with a lot of enthusiasm and energy.2. Fling: to throw violently ;(1) She flung her shoe at the cat.(2) The youth got him by the front of his shirt and flung him to the ground. (3) How can you fling your wife away?(4) He has flung up studies.(5) She flung herself into her career.3. shove: push with quick, violent movement. 猛推(1)人们推推搡搡挤向火车。
高级英语下册课文+知识点+课后练习+答案1.
Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleJoseph P. Blank1 John Koshak, Jr., knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday, last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshers lived. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer 8round. But, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, john was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family -- his wife, Janis, and their seven children, abed 3 to 11 -- was clearly endangered.2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a long time friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit.3 John, 37 -- whose business was right there in his home ( he designed and developed educational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products' correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor) -- was familiar with the power of a hurricane. Four years earlier, Hurricane Betsy had demolished undefined his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. "We' re elevated 2a feet," he told his father, "and we' re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We' II probably be as safe here as anyplace else."4 The elder Koshak, a gruff, warmhearted expert machinist of 67, agreed. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. "If we see signs of danger, we can get out before dark."5 The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. Since water mains might be damaged, they filled bathtubs and pails. A power failure was likely, so they checked out batteries for the portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. John's father moved a small generator into the downstairs hallway, wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator.6 Rain fell steadily that afternoon; gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind. The family had an early supper. A neighbor, whose husband was in Vietnam, asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks. Another neighbor came by on his way in-land — would the Koshaks mind taking care of his dog?7 It grew dark before seven o' clock. Wind and rain now whipped the house. John sent his oldest son and daughter upstairs to bring down mattresses and pillows for the younger children. He wanted to keep the group together on one floor. "Stay away from the windows," he warned, concerned about glass flying fromstorm-shattered panes. As the wind mounted to a roar, the house began leaking- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. With mops, towels, pots andbuckets the Koshaks began a struggle against the rapidly spreading water. At 8:30, power failed, and Pop Koshak turned on the generator.8 The roar of the hurricane now was overwhelming. The house shook, and the ceiling in the living room was falling piece by piece. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive sound, and the group heard gun- like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated. Water rose above their ankles.9 Then the front door started to break away from its frame. John and Charlie put their shoulders against it, but a blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Charlie licked his lips and shouted to John. "I think we' re in real trouble. That water tasted salty." The sea had reached the house, and the water was rising by the minute!10 "Everybody out the back door to the oars!" John yelled. "We' II pass the children along between us. Count them! Nine!"11 The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. But the cars wouldn't start; the electrical systems had been killed by water. The wind was too Strong and the water too deep to flee on foot. "Back to the house!" john yelled. "Count the children! Count nine!"12 As they scrambled back, john ordered, "Every-body on the stairs!" Frightened, breathless and wet, the group settled on the stairs, which were protected by two interiorwalls. The children put the oat, Spooky, and a box with her four kittens on the landing. She peered nervously at her litter. The neighbor's dog curled up and went to sleep.13 The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The house shuddered and shifted on its foundations. Water inched its way up the steps as first- floor outside walls collapsed. No one spoke. Everyone knew there was no escape; they would live or die in the house.14 Charlie Hill had more or less taken responsibility for the neighbor and her two children. The mother was on the verge of panic. She clutched his arm and kept repeating, "I can't swim, I can't swim."15 "You won't have to," he told her, with outward calm. "It's bound to end soon."16 Grandmother Koshak reached an arm around her husband's shoulder and put her mouth close to his ear. "Pop," she said, "I love you." He turned his head and answered, "I love you" -- and his voice lacked its usual gruffness.17 John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. He had underestimated the ferocity of Camille. He had assumed that what had never happened could not happen. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: "Get us through this mess, will You?"18 A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. The bottom steps of the staircase broke apart. One wall began crumbling on the marooned group.19 Dr. Robert H. Simpson, director of the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Fla., graded Hurricane Camille as "the greatest recorded storm ever to hit apopulated area in the Western Hemisphere." in its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h. and raised tides as high as 30 feet. Along the Gulf Coast it devastated everything in its swath: 19,467 homes and 709 small businesses were demolished or severely damaged. it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ~ miles away. It tore three large cargo ships from their mooringsand beached them. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.20 To the west of Gulfport, the town of Pass Christian was virtually wiped out. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.21 Seconds after the roof blew off the Koshak house, john yelled, "Up the stairs -- into our bedroom! Count the kids." The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, "Children, let's sing!" The children were too frightened to respond. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.22 Debris flew as the living-room fireplace and its chimney collapsed. With two walls in their bedroom sanctuary beginning to disintegrate, John ordered, "Into the television room!" This was the room farthest from the direction of the storm.23 For an instant, John put his arm around his wife. Janis understood. Shivering from the wind and rain and fear, clutching two children to her, she thought, Dear Lord, give me the strength to endure what I have to. She felt anger against the hurricane. We won't let it win.24 Pop Koshak raged silently, frustrated at not being able to do anything to fight Camille. Without reason, he dragged a cedar chest and a double mattress from a bed-room into the TV room. At that moment, the wind tore out one wall and extinguished the lantern. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, injuring his back. The house, shuddering and rocking, had moved 25 feet from its foundations. The world seemed to be breaking apart.25 "Let's get that mattress up!" John shouted to his father. "Make it alean-toagainst the wind. Get the kids under it. We can prop it up with our heads and shoulders!"26 The larger children sprawledon the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine. The floor tilted. The box containing the litter of kittens slid off a shelf and vanished in the wind. Spooky flew off the top of a sliding bookcase and also disappeared. The dog cowered with eyes closed. A third wall gave way. Water lapped across the slanting floor. John grabbed a door which was still hinged to one closet wall. "If the floor goes," he yelled at his father, "let's get the kids on this."27 In that moment, the wind slightly diminished, and the water stopped rising. Then the water began receding. The main thrust of Camille had passed. The Koshaks and their friends had survived.28 With the dawn, Gulfport people started coming back to their homes. Theysaw human bodies -- more than 130 men, women and children died along the Mississippi coast- and parts of the beach and highway were strewn withdead dogs, cats, cattle. Strips of clothing festoonedthe standing trees, and blown down power lines coiledlike black spaghettiover the roads.29 None of the returnees moved quickly or spoke loudly; they stood shocked, trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes. "What do we dot" they asked. "Where do we go?"30 By this time, organizations within the area and, in effect, the entire population of the United States had come to the aid of the devastated coast. Before dawn, the Mississippi National Guardand civil-defense units were moving in to handle traffic, guard property, set up communications centers, help clear the debris and take the homeless by truck and bus to refugee centers. By 10 a.m., the Salvation Army's canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding.31 From hundreds of towns and cities across the country came several million dollars in donations; household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loans.32 Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropping more than 28 inches of rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampagingfloods, huge mountain slides and 111 additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean.33 Like many other Gulfport families, the Koshaks quickly began reorganizing their lives, John divided his family in the homes of two friends. The neighbor with her two children went to a refugee center. Charlie Hill found a room for rent. By Tuesday, Charlie's back had improved, and he pitched in with Seabeesin the worst volunteer work of all--searching for bodies. Three days after the storm, he decided not to return to Las Vegas, but to "remain in Gulfport and help rebuild the community."34 Near the end of the first week, a friend offered the Koshaks his apartment, and the family was reunited. The children appeared to suffer no psychological damage from their experience; they were still awed by the incomprehensiblepower of the hurricane, but enjoyed describing what they had seen and heard on that frightful night, Janis had just one delayed reaction. A few nights after the hurricane, she awoke suddenly at 2 a.m. She quietly got up and went outside. Looking up at the sky and, without knowing she was going to do it, she began to cry softly.35 Meanwhile, John, Pop and Charlie were picking through the wreckageof the home. It could have been depressing, but it wasn't: each salvaged item represented a little victory over the wrathof the storm. The dog and cat suddenly appeared at the scene, alive and hungry.36 But the bluesdid occasionally afflict all the adults. Once, in a low mood, John said to his parents, "I wanted you here so that we would all be together, so you could enjoy the children, and look what happened."37 His father, who had made up his mind to start a welding shop when living was normal again, said, "Let's not cry about what's gone. We' II just start all over."38 "You're great," John said. "And this town has a lot of great people in it. It' s going to be better here than it ever was before."39 Later, Grandmother Koshak reflected : "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important."(from Rhetoric and Literature by P. Joseph Canavan)Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 词汇(Vocabulary)词汇(Vocabulary): a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rains，and originating usually in the West Indian region飓风---------------------------------------------------------------------: move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打---------------------------------------------------------------------: beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打---------------------------------------------------------------------: a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法---------------------------------------------------------------------: pull down．tear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc．)，destroy：ruin拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭---------------------------------------------------------------------:a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆---------------------------------------------------------------------: rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。
高英课文分析
(noun)
b):flower chains suspended in loops between point as decorate.花彩装饰物
festoon lighting(带式装饰照明) festoon drying (吊挂干燥）
Shatter to suddenly break into small pieces.破碎 eg: The explosion shattered all the windows in the buildings to destroy sth completely,especially sb's feelings,hopes,or beliefs.粉碎 eg : Nothing could shatter his faith. ~make sb feel shocked and upset. eg: The unexpected death of their son shattered them.
Paragraph 28 With the dawn, Gulfport people started coming back to their homes. They saw human bodies-more than 130 men women and children died along the Mississippi coast – and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs, cats, cattle . Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees ,and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.
高级英语下册课文知识点课后练习答案
12 So the next morning, the conversation over, one
looked it up. The phrase came into use some time in the 16th century. "Queen's English" is found in Nash's "Strange
under Saxon leaders like Hereward the Wake. "The King's English"—if the term had existed then—had become French.
And here in America now, 900 years later，we are still the
Pub Talk and the King's English
3 Pub Talk and the King' s English Henry Fairlie
1 Conversation is the most sociable of all human
activities. And it is an activity only of humans. However
Anglo-Saxon words. It is a pig in its sty ; it is y are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). Chickens become poultry (poulet), and a calf becomes veal (veau). Even if our menus were not wirtten in
高级英语下册课文+知识点+课后练习+答案13
Britannia Rues the WavesAndrew NeilBritain's merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days; it is almost a forgotten industry. Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation's economy. Ninety-nine percent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.Shipping is also a significant British success story. It earns over￡1000 million a year in foreign exchange earnings: without our merchant fleet, the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit, despite North Sea oil. But ,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before. On almost all the major sea routes of the world, the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies, and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping compaines; and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations, who are bent on taking over the lion's share of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East-- routes in which Britain has a bib stake.Today, the British fleet no longer dominates the high seas: our share of the world's merchant fleet has fallen from 40 per cent to around eight per cent. But, in terms of tonnage, the British merchant navy has continued to expand, it can now carry over two-thirds more than it could in 1914, and, almost alone among our traditional industries, shipping has remained a major success story.Unlike the rest of British industry, ship-owners invested big. In the early 1960s, the shipping companies cashed in on government grants and tax concessions. Between 1966 and 1976, British shippinglines invested at a rate of over ￡1 million a day. By the early 1970s, itseemed that, some-where in the world, a new British ship was being launched every week. The result is that Britain has a very modern fleet: the average age of our merchant ships is only six years, and over half the fleet is under five years old. For some time now, British shipping managers have stayed ahead of the competition by investing in the most sophisticated ships.The other major factor which has played a key role in the dominance of the British merchant navy is an institution invented by the British well over 100 years ago: the ‘conference'.In the middle of the 19th century, competition betweensailing-ships and steam-ships became out-throat, and price cutting ruined many long-established companies. So the ship owners got together to establish a more settled system, and they set up a system of price fixing. In other words, every possible type of cargo had a price, which all owners agreed to charge. It was, in fact, a cartel, though the British ship owners gave it the more dignified name of a’ conference'. The system has certainly stood the test of time. Today, there are about 300 conferences governing the trade-routes of the world, and the British still play a major role.By reducing competition, shipping conferences have taken some of the risk out of the dodgy business of moving goods by sea. They make it harder, perhaps, to make a big killing in good times, because you have to share the trade with other conference members. But they make it easier to weather the bad times, because there is no mad, competitive scramble for the available trade.By the early 1970s, bad times were just around the corner. The world shipbuilding boom reached its peak in 1973,but that was the year of the Arab-lsraeli war, which was followed rapidly by the quadrupling of oil prices. By 1974, the industrialised world had begun its slide into the worst depression since the 1980s, and the shipping industry had entered its long years of crisis.The first to be affected were the oil-tanker fleets. As oil demand was cut back, charter rates plummeted, and the estuaries of the world became jammed with the steadily increasing numbers of moth-ball tankers. Norway and Greece suffered most. British ship owners had not become so involved in the tanker boom in the first place, so they were not so badly affected. By 1976, the slump had begun to bite into the bulk-carrier trade. Bulk carriers are ships that carry dry cargo of one particular kind, such as sugar, coal or wheat, with iron ore being by far the most important. But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron ore carriers? With its big bulk-carrier fleet, the British shipping industry now began to feel the pinch.Even though the slump spread fast into most shipping sectors, the British fleet was still a long way from bankruptcy. The one area which has weathered the economic storms best is that controlled by the conferences: the scheduled freight-liner services -- and that is where Britain's fleet is strongly entrenched.Liner-freight vessels offer people who want to send goods by sea a regular, scheduled shipping service; they follow agreed routes, or ‘lines', and call at ports on a greed dates. For example, i f I want to send a shipment of spare tractor parts from Taiwan to Bangkok, all I have to do is contact the Far East Freight Conference, and that will be able to tell me when the next liner ship will be calling at Taiwan, theexact date on which it will get to Bangkok, and the going freight rate. It is an ideal ‘parcel' service for people with cargoes that are not big enough to make it worth chartering a whole ship.It is also a plus for the ship owners not to be dependent on only one customer. Liner ships carry all sorts of different cargoes -- mainly finished manufactured goods -- so, if there is a slump in one particular industry, provided there is still buoyancy in other industries, the liner fleets can still survive. That gives them a distinct advantage over oil tankers or bulk carriers, because the latter are dependent on one or two basic raw materials. That is why Britain has remained relatively strong.Much of Britain's liner fleet rarely sees a British port. Our ships are extensive cross-traders; that is, they carry goods between foreign countries. British companies are big, for example, on theJapan-to-Australia run, and on the growing trade routes between the Far East and the Middle East, around the Persian Gulf. Until recently, those routes were highly profitable for the British companies, and a major source of foreign currency for Britain. They are also the routes on which the Third World and the Russians are out to make the biggest inroads.Most emerging countries in the Third World are out to carry a bigger share of their trade in their own ships. Developing countries regard a merchant navy as something of a status symbol -- the next thing to go for after a national airline. Singapore has expanded their fleet by 6 000 percent in the last 15 years, India by 400 percent.The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies. P & O, for example, while still out to increase the total freight it carries, is planning for a gradual reduction in its percentage share of the trade with the new shipping powers of the Third World. But P & O has no intention of throwing in the towel. The key tactic behind its strategy of holding on to the richest slice of the trade has been to move up-market -- to go where the Third World cannot follow: into high-technology investment.Containers, for example, were an American invention, but it was British ship owners who put up the money to pioneer the international deep-sea container service. Containers save time, because the loading is done in the factory or warehouse, rather than on the dockside, and they are very secure against theft; except for a code number on the outside, there is no indication of what is inside the box. To cash in on the container revolution, you need a sophisticated system of roads and railways, something that most Third World countries do not have: And container ships are expensive, around ￡50 million each.P & O's high-technology, high-investment strategy,however, is far from being the whole answer to the Third World threat. The developing countries are not out to compete with Western fleets by commercial means; they want to impose a set of rules which will guarantee them a major slice of the shipping trade. This demand has found official expression in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD. The UNCTAD liner code lays down that between two trading partners, 80 per cent of the freight should be split equally between their respective merchant fleets. That leaves only 20 per cent to go into the numerous cross-traders, all fighting for a share, and it is on these cross-trades that British liner companies earn 40 per cent of their revenue. Not enough countries have ratified the UNCTAD code yet to bring it into force. But if it does become universal, it could strike a severe blow to Britain's liner trade.The Iron Curtain countries represent an even greater and more organised threat to the future of Britain's liner ships, and it is a threat that is much more difficult to counter.Russia has expanded its cargo-liner fleet far faster than the growth in either its own trade or world trade would justify. Today, it has the largest liner fleet in the world and another one million tons should come into service before 1980. And with its policy of excessively low freight rates, the Russian merchant navy has already made major inroads into Western trade.Russia now carries 95 per cent of its seaborne trade with the EEC in its own ships. More important, it is biting deeply into the major cross-trading routes of the world. Eastern bloc countries -- Russia, with Poland and East Germany- have already captured 20 per cent of the cargo traffic on the busy sea-lanes of the North Atlantic, almost 25 per cent of the trade between Europe and South America and just about the same percentage of the trade between Europe and East Africa.How can the Russians afford to undercut by up to 40 percent? Well, Soviet ships are not necessarily out to make a profit, in our sense of the word. The name of the same ,for Russian ships, is hard currency. The Soviet Union is becoming more dependent on Western imports -- from grain to technology -- but the West will not accept roubles in payment. So Russia needs hard currencies, tike the dollar, the mark or the yen, even sterling, to pay for its imports. It is these currencies Russian ships earn as cross-traders. It does not matter very much if they are operating at a loss; that can be made up by the Soviet government in roubles.But there is more to it than that for the Russians. The Soviet mercantile marine obviously acts as a support to the Soviet navy, very much as Western fleets used to do. But there are importantdifferences. The Soviet merchant fleet, which has now been almost 20 years in growing, has developed the kinds of ships which would certainly expand the Soviet reach well beyond its perimeters. For example, much of the heavy equipment for the Cubans and Angolans was brought in Soviet merchant ships. So this mercantile marine capability is certainly a great advance in the Soviet ability to project their power at some distance from their own frontiers.And this is also part of a general Soviet hydrographic policy to map the oceans of the world, to get to know the ports and, above all, to deepen contacts with the states with whom the Russians are developing close trading ties.How can Western ship owners react to undercutting of 40 per cent that would drive them out of business if they did the same?There is a limit, of course, to what any British government can do on its own. Shipping is an essentially international business, and Britain can only counter the challenges of the developing world and the Russians at an international level. But whom could we count on for support? The EEC is so divided about shipping that it is almost powerless to act .Take the challenge of the developing world. The French do not mind the UNCTAD code on liner shipping because it would help them to increase their share of the liner trade; the same is true for the Germans and the Belgians. So Britain cannot rely on concerted EEC action on that issue. As far as the Russians are concerned, Britain, along with West Germany and Denmark, has been calling for a coordinated response; the monitoring of Russian ship movements and restrictions on the number of Russian ships allowed to call at EEC ports. But, last June, the French, because of their Russian ties, blocked plans along these lines. It will be November before the question is considered again.British ship owners are so far happy with the strength of the British government attempts to force the EEC into action. They believe that the Trade Department, which looks after shipping, understands their problems. But they are far less sure about other government ministers, especially those in the powerful Industry Department, which oversees shipbuilding. Ship owners fear that saving jobs in Britain's ailing shipyards comes well before saving its merchant fleet.British shipyards are currently churning out 24 vessels for Poland. The Poles were lured to Britain by the gift of a￡28 million subsidy and the promise that British shipbuilders would raise all the credit; so while our shipping fleet is under attack from communist ships, our government is using British taxpayers' money to out their shipbuilding costs. We are doing the same for developing countries'fleets. India is now a major Third World shipping power, yet Britain is to build six ships for the Indians -- for nothing.In the end, British companies could be driven out of shipping altogether. Some, such as P & O, have already moved into other fields, from house building to oil. Smaller shipping lines do not have the resources to diversify. They face extinction. And when they go, so does a huge slice of the few traditional industries worth keeping.词汇(Vocabulary):[poetic]Great Britain or the British Islands[诗]大不列颠；不列颠群岛---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :repent of；regret having entered into：wish nonexistent懊悔；抱憾---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :the amount by which a sum of money is less than the required amount 亏空，亏损；赤字---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :exposure to harm or injury；danger；jeopardy(严重的)危险；冒险----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:sell goods more cheaply or work for smaller wages than(sb．doing the same)；sell at lower prices or work at lower wages than比以别人低的价格出售(商品)；索价低于他人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the total amount of shipping of a country or port，calculated in tons(一国或一港口的)船舶总吨数---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :an association of industrialists，business firms. etc．for establishing a national or international monopoly by price fixing，ownership of controlling stock，etc．[经]卡特尔----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[BrE]risky and possibly dangerous[英]冒险的；危险的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:rough struggle；a disorderly struggle or rush争夺，抢夺----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:make or become four times as much or as many；multiply by four(使)成四倍；以四乘----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:drop drastically垂直落下；骤然跌落----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:an inlet or arm of the sea；the wide mouth of a river where the tide meets the current(江河人海的)河口，港湾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:①marble—sized balls of naphthalene. stored with clothes (esp．woolens)to repel moths；②the state of being stored，or kept in existence but not used①樟脑丸；卫生球②封存；保藏---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :a decline in business activity，price，etc．(物价等)暴跌；(市场等)萧条----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:low spirits；dull，gloomy，listless feeling情绪低落，意志消沉；忧闷，忧郁，忧愁---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :a painful，difficult，or straitened circumstance困苦的处境，贫困的境地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:establish securely(used in passive voice or with a reflexive pronoun)确保(地位等)；确立(用于被动语态或与反身代词连用)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:(usu．pl．)injurious intrusion on or into；influence of one party that undermines that of another(通常为复数)损害，侵蚀----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the property(as of price or business activity)of maintaining a satisfactory high level(物价)上涨的趋向；(生意)兴盛的趋向---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :the monetary of the former Soviet Union卢布(前苏联货币单位)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:British money英国货币----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:of or characteristic of merchants or trade；commercial商人的；贸易的；商业的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the outer boundary of a figure or area；circumference周；周边；周围----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:of the study，description，and mapping of oceans，lakes，and rivers，esp. with reference to their navigational and commercial uses水文学的；水文测验学的；水文地理学的(尤指水道测量学)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:in poor health；sickly患病的；病痛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:(used in churn out)produce a large quantity of sth．; produce in quantity without quality；produce in a regular flow without much thought or expression，usu．with some abundance(用于churn out)大量生产出；大量地粗制滥造；大量写出----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions): be determined on(a coupe of action)决心采取(某行动) 例：He is bent on winning at all costs．他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。
高级英语下lesson 13课文翻译
Lesson Thirteen Work工作究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉，这可能是一个难以回答的问题。
Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question.毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的，而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事。
There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful.然而我认为，只要不过量，对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些。
I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样，从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐，这会随工作的性质和工作者的能力而异。
There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. 大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言，但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处。
Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages.首先，工作可将一天的许多时间占满，人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么，大多数人在可以自由地按自己的愿望打发时间时，常常会不知所措，想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做。
高级英语课文翻译(下册)
�下�L e s s o n O n e T h e C o m p a n y i n W h i c h I w o r k我工作的公司B y J o s e p h H e l l e rI n t h e c o m p a n y i n w h i c h I w o r k,e a c h o f u s i s a f r a i d o f a t l e a s t o n e p e r s o n.6我工作的公司里�每个人都至少害怕一个人。
T h e l o w e r y o u r p o s i t i o n i s,t h e m o r e p e o p l e y o u a r e a f r a i d o f.职位越低�所惧怕的人越多。
A n d a l l t h e p e o p l e a r e a f r a i d o f t h e t w e l v e m e n a t t h e t o p w h o h e l p e d f o u n d a n d b u i l d t h e c o m p a n y a n d n o w o w n a n d d i r e c t i t.所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司�他们帮助创建了这个公司�而且现在仍然大权在握。
A l l t h e s e t w e l v e m e n a r e e l d e r l y n o w a n d d r a i n e d b y t i m e歲月滄桑a n d s u c c e s s o f e n e r g y a n d a m b i t i o n.所有这十二位都已经上了年纪�而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。
M a n y h a v e s p e n t t h e i r w h o l e l i v e s h e r e.T h e y s e e m f r i e n d l y,s l o w,a n d c o n t e n t w h e n I c o m e u p o n t h e m i n t h e h a l l s a n d a l w a y s c o u r t e o u s(有禮貌的)a n d m u t e沉默不語的�w h e n t h e y r i d e w i t h o t h e r s i n t h e p u b l i c e l e v a t o r s.他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。
高级英语第二册unit 4知识讲解
Unit 4John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) 35th president of the United States⏹Family Background Kennedy’s ancestors came from Ireland and he was the first RomanCatholic to become president of the U.S. He was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, where his grandfather had been elected to many offices. His father Joseph P. Kennedy became the youngest bank president of the country at the age of 25. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married. They had three children.He wrote "Profiles in Courage",《勇敢者传略》which won a Pulitzer prize.↗1947-1952 served as representative in the congress 1952 elected to the senate↗1960 won the Democratic nomination for president and defeated Richard Nixon, Republican Assassination His assassination at Dallas in November 1963 was a shock from which the U.S. has found it hard to recover and the murder is still a riddle. In 1963, Kennedy journeyed to Texas for a speech-making tour. on November 22, he and his wife were cheered as their open car passed through the streets. Suddenly, at 12:30 in the afternoon, an assassin fired several shots, striking the president twice in the base of the neck and the head. Kennedy was rushed to Hospital, where he was pronounced dead about a half hour later. Within two hours, Vice president Johnson took the oath as president.⏹Contributions1. His most important act was his successful demand on Oct.22, 1962 that the Soviet Union dismantle its missile bases in Cuba.2. He established a quarantine(隔离检疫期) of arms shipments to Cuba3. He defied Soviet attempts to force the Allies out of Berlin.4. He made the steel industry rescind(废除) a price rise.5. He backed: civil rights movements; a mental health program; arbitration of railroad disputes; expanded medical care for the aged; astronaut flights and satellite orbitingLincoln and Kennedy⏹Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.⏹Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.⏹The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.⏹Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.⏹Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.⏹Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.shot in the head.⏹Lincoln’s secretary was named Kennedy. Kennedy’s secretary was named Lincoln.⏹Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.⏹Both successors were named Johnson.⏹Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.⏹Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.⏹John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating Lincoln, was born in 1839.⏹Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating Kennedy, was born in 1939.⏹Both names comprise fifteen lettersInauguration Day On April 30,1789, George Washington stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, placed his hand on a Bible and swore to “preserve, protest and defend the constitution of the United States”. He then read an earnest speech, calling for “united and effective government”. Thus began a unique American institution—Inauguration Day—those dramatic hours when a new president faces the people for the first time. He must tell the people what he’s going to do as president.The Inauguration Day has been on January 20 since 1937.⏹Inaugural Address Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address. It is a speech, lectureofficially made by a person on taking office.⏹General Analysis of a Political SpeechThe purpose of a political speech is to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support him.1. He must try every possible means to arouse the feelings of audience. What he says represents the interests of the whole people. successful appeal to the emotion of the audience2. specific policy The speech must contain high-sounding words and empty promises3. The speech must be concise and short4. clever-choice of words to convey different meanings/tones.5. the use of biblical style to make it formal/ rigid.6. the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to make his address as powerful/ impressive as possibleAs President of the United States, Kennedy has to address a worldwide audience. He has to appeal not only to the American people but also to the different groups of nations in the international community⏹Social Background Kennedy became President in 1960’sCold war marks the situation in 1960’s. The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps.1)socialist camp—headed by the Soviet Union2) capitalist camp—headed by the U.S.Kennedy was an eloquent speaker. He is specially trained. This speech is very powerful and wonderful. He lays his emphasis on the successful appeal to the emotion of the listeners. In fact, most Americans regard his inaugural address as one of the best delivery by an American President.Section I (paras.1-5)Introduction, the general statement of the basic policy of the USSection II (paras.6-10) He addresses different groups of allied nations and would-be allied nations; friends and would-be friends.Section III (paras.11-20) His specific policy toward the enemy.1. point out the danger2. point out he position of strength3. point out the situation and need.Both sides feel uneasy. a) Both sides are overburdened with the cost of modern weapons.b) Both sides are anxious with the wide spread arms.c) Both try to change the uncertain balance of military power.⏹Proposals: 1. control arms 2 . use science for peace purpose 3. enjoy human rightsObject: to make a new world orderSection IV (paras.21-27) conclusionHe calls on the Americans to support him and to sacrifice their lives for their country. He calls on the people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of menDetailed Study of the TextPara.1: Kennedy is emphasizing the importance of his election as president. It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republican Party. It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of state. It symbolizes the end of one presidential term (that of Eisenhower) and the beginning of a new term (that of Kennedy). The presidency or the office of president is renewed.1.freedom: We celebrate freedom. People in the US are free to choose their president.2.end: the end of Eisenhower’s presidential term3.beginning: the beginning of Kennedy’s presidential term4.renewal: the continuation of presidency and office of president5.change: the change from Eisenhower to Kennedy6.solemn oath: refer to an extremely formal and inspiring religious ritual. very serious.7. a century and three-quarters ago: The first presidential oath taken by Washington on April 30, 1789⏹Para.2: the general situation of this worldQuestion: In what way is the world different?The world is different in the way of science and technology. People have modern and advanced science and technology.☐power: the power of science and technologyScience can be used to get rid of poverty. Science can be used to destroy all human beingsEg. Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.☐Man has made great progress in science and technology so he has the power (scientific farming, speedy transportation, mass production, etc.) to abolish poverty, but he also has the power (missiles, bombs, nuclear weapons, etc.) to destroy human life. Hence the world is different now.revolutionary belief: it refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of HappinessAnd yet the same... around the globe:Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.⏹Para.3: general policy of the US☐People in the US must keep and defend human rights not only in the US but also in the world as well. We dare not... first revolution: We dare not forget that we are the descendants of those who fought the war of independence. Hence we must always bear in mind the beliefs and ideals our ancestors fought and died for. We must be prepared, if necessary, to fight and die for them today.torch: metaphor. Its original reference is to the Olympic Games before which a torch is carried from runner to runner. Here it refers to “inspirations and ideals”.temper: v. to cause to become firm 使变坚韧tempered by war: The Americans of the 20th century fought two world wars, so they are well tempered disciplined: received training that developed self control and characterhard and bitter peace: peace but cold war, hence “hard and bitter’’to witness or permit the slow undoing: to see or allow the gradual abolishing of⏹Para.4: strong determination. Kennedy puts the US in the position of the world leader, and he says inorder to keep human rights, “we shall pay any price, bear any burden, ...”.☐The address is to both friends and foes. It promises to support any friend and to oppose any foe. The phrases “pay any price, bear any burden and meet any hardship”are intended to shore up the waning confidence of her allies as much as to warn any prospective foe.⏹Para.5: transition A one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition from the general to thespecific. In the following paragraphs he will be addressing different specific groups of nations.⏹Para.6: the specific policy toward his friends and would-be friendsTo those old allies… split asunder:In this paragraph Kennedy addresses the white European countries in general but his words are specifically directed to the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon countries, such as Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with whom the United States shares a common cultural and spiritual heritage.ally: n. a country that has a treaty or an agreement to help and support another country, allied: ad. the Allied and Associated Powers (World War I)cultural and spiritual origins: Greek, Roman and Nordic mythology, literature, art, music etc. Later these nations were linked closer by the spiritual tie of Christianity.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures: United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.United we can do everything. Divided we can do nothingpowerful challenge: a strong, powerful threat posed by the socialist camp.If we are quarreling and split apart, we can not compete with the strong, powerful enemy in front of us Those two have been at odds with one another for ages. 那两个人合不来已经很久了。
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高级英语下册Lesson One1.The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . (1)—此处采用了”the + 比较级…+ the + 比较级…”结构，表示”越…，就越…”，前者是状语从句，后者是主句。
E.g. the more, the better 越多越好。
The harder she worked, the more progress she made. 她工作越努力，进步越大。
2. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and nowown and direct it. (1)—who found and build the company and now own and direct it为men 的定语从句。
另外注意，found 意为”创立、设立”。
E.g. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国于1949年成立。
这里不要与find 的过去分词found混淆，因常用的搭配形式为help (to) do sth.3.In the normal course of a business day… (3)—in the course of为固定词组，意为”在…当中”。
E.g. In thecourse of the discussion many constructive opinions were heard.在讨论当中，听到了很多具有建设4. Green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which ismore important than his department,… (3)—which is more important than his department为the Sales Department的非限时性定语从句。
5.…every now and then…(4)—意为”时时，有时”，也可用every now and again. e.g. The actress still appearson TV ever now and then.这位女演员仍不时地出现在电视上。
6.…he is too busy with his own work to pay that much attention to (for n.) + to do意思是”由于太…以致不能”。
E.g. The problem wa s so complicated that we couldn’t solve.这个问题太复杂，我们无法解决。
也可用so…that…替代。
E.g. The problem was so complicated that we couldn’t solve it. 词组be busy with意为”忙于…”，同时注意pay attention to 后接名词（动名词）。
7. Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial. (4)—we do in my department为most ofthe work的定语从句，其中的先行词that已省略。
In the long run为插入部分，意为”终究，到最后”。
E.g. He will lose money in the long run. 他终究会把钱赔掉。
8. I have one other person working for me who is not afraid of anyone, not even me, and I would fire himquic kly, but I’m afraid of him…(5)—who is not afraid of anyone为one other person的定语从句。
Fire在此做动词，意为”解雇”。
E.g. At the end of a month he was fired for incompetence.到月底时，他由于能力不够而被解雇了。
9. The people in the company who are most afraid of most people are the salesman.(6)—The people in thecompany who are most afraid of most people为主语部分，而who are most afraid of most people为定语从句，修饰people.10. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary. (6)—under pressure为固定的搭配形式，意为”被迫，迫不得已”。
that is extraordinary为定语从句，修饰pressure.11. on the verge of(7)—濒于，濒临，即将。
注意该词组通常用于不好的事情。
E.g. He was on the verge of(committing) suicide. 他濒临自杀的边缘。
12.…a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as awhole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for the corresponding week of the year before.(7)—a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company为该句的主语部分，a record为主语，而其他为其定语。
13.The results of this photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous public scrutiny…(7)—thatthere is almost continuous public scrutiny为该句的表语从句。
14.…for fear they may start doing worse. (8)—for fear(that)意为”以免…，以防…”。
E.g. She hid her jewelryfor fear that it would be stolen.她把宝石藏起来，以防被偷。
15. It might even be canceled before it is filled, in which case no one is certain if anything was gained orlost.(8)—in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost为该句的状语从句，修饰全句。
16. Each o f them can name at least one superior in the company… (9)—name在此做动词，意为”说出…的姓名”。
E.g. How many countries can you name?你能举出几个国家的名称？17. The company encourages this. (10)—encourage鼓励。
由前缀en-与courage（勇气）结合而成。
前缀en-:1)置于名词或形容词前，构成动词，表示”使得…”。
E.g. enlarge”放大”；2)置于名词前，表示”放进，赋予”。
E.g. endanger”使陷入危险”。
18.…and rewards salesman who make a good impression on the golf course. (10)—who make a goodimpression on the golf course为宾语salesman的定语从句。
reward此处做动词，意为”奖赏”，该词还常用做名词。
E.g. HE worked hard without any hope of reward.他还辛勤工作却丝毫不期待报酬。
19. …and salesman who get divorced, or whose wives die, know they had better remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job. (11)—who get divorced和whose wives die都是定语从句，用来修饰salesman, they had better remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job为该句的宾语从句，其先行词that已省略。
begin 的用法有两种，即begin to do sth.或begin doing sth.20. …the salesman react very well to the constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected.(12)—该句中采用了react to这一固定搭配，注意其后接名词，意为”对…产生反应”。
E.g. The eye reacts to light.眼对光会起反应。
而to which they are subjected为修饰supervision的定语从句。
21. The salesmen are proud of their position and of the status and importance they enjoy within the company, for the function of my department, and of most other departments, is to help the salesmen sell.(13)—be proud of为固定搭配，意为”对…感到自豪”。