给排水专业英语
实用建筑英语
安全出口：safety exit防火分区：fire compartment防火间距：fire separation distance防烟分区：smoke bay防烟楼梯间：smoke-proof staircase封闭楼梯间：enclosed staircase消防车道：Fire engine path:登高场地：rescue field\ fire engine platform 登高面：Rescue façade,前室：vestibule测绘局：mapping department规划局：planning bureau,审图公司：drawing check company地上总建筑面积：GFA容积率：plot ratioFloor area ratio\ FAR标准层：typical floor层高：storey height室内净高：ceiling heightInterior net storey height建筑密度:building densityBuilding coverage rate公共绿地：public green space绿地：green space绿地率：greening rate建筑高度：building altitude规范：code地下室：basement半地下室Semi-basement群房：skirt building /podium /annex非结构构件：non-structural element商住楼：business-living building台阶step栏杆railing阳台：balcony门斗foyer回廊cloister围护结构envelop enclosure雨蓬canopy飘窗bay windou永久性顶盖permanent cap骑楼overhang过街楼arcade建筑物通道passage 储藏室：cabinet储藏空间：store space走廊:gallery8*4 multiply 8 by 4套型：type of flat中庭：atrium轮椅坡道：ramp of wheelchair管道井：pipe shaft风管：air duct土建风管：air shaft烟道smoke uptake\smoke flue管道：conduit挡烟垂壁：hang wall \ smoke curtain自然通风：natural ventilation防、排烟系统：smoke control system办公建筑：office building公寓式办公楼：apartment-office building酒店式办公楼：hotel-office building综合楼：mutiple-ues building商务办公楼：business office building油烟：cooking fume中空玻璃：sealed insulating glass unit透明幕墙：Transparent curtain wall民用建筑：civil building居住建筑：residential building公共建筑：public building无障碍通路：barrier-free passage无障碍设施：accessibility facilities建筑基地：construction site道路红线：boundary line of roads用地红线::boundary line of land \ property line 建筑控制线：building line设备层mechanical floor避难层refuge storey架空层open floor变形缝deformation joint/吊顶suspended ceiling装修decoration \ finishing采光delighting通风ventilation噪音noise公共厕所WC\public toilets\lavetory盥洗室washroom厕位cubical第三卫生间third public toilets抽水马桶water closet\toilet bowl围护性幕墙enclosing curtain wall装饰性幕墙decorative faced curtain wall 高程、标高elevation防护工程protecting engineering护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall台地stage平坡式tiny slope style台阶式stage style无障碍barrier-free无障碍入口barrier-free entrance无障碍通道barrier-free path无障碍专用厕所toilets for disable people 无障碍厕位barrier-free toilet stall无障碍电梯barrier=free elevator无障碍客房barrier-free guestroom人行通道pedestrian path人行pedestrian上下客vehicular drop-off入口平台entrance platform中间平台mid landing智能建筑intelligent building种植屋面planted roof节能energy efficiency汽车库garage地下汽车库underground garage停车场parking area电梯elevator \ lift自动扶梯escalator宴会厅banqueting hall酒吧bar餐厅dining hall营业厅business hall问讯厅information hall石头stone大堂lobby迎客厅arrival lobby旋转餐厅revolving restaurant垂直的vertical水平的horizontal后勤车入口service access 可能对结构造成的影响possible structural implications主坐标轴primary axis引人入胜的景观spectacular views设计方案scheme室内游泳池indoor pool曲线的墙体curving wall厨房布局kitchen layout核心筒tower elevator cores景观电梯open lift膜结构film structure百叶shutter\window blind\window shade钢结构steel structure混凝土框架结构concrete structure剪力墙shear wall支撑bracing柱子column梁beam跨span索cable效果图representation to convey design intentions 概念总图conceptual site plan外立面exterior elevations(4 primary sides)平面level plan节能玻璃energy saving glass金属metal工程施工阶段construction stage工程精装修阶段fine fitment station工程竣工阶段completion stage工程量work amount文件和资料documents and information轮渡码头ferry行人foot passenger摩托车autobike女儿墙parapet地下室底板met slab / bottom plate侧壁sidewall外墙Exterior wall审核review深化图纸deepen drawing建设单位construction unit安装单位installation unit厚度thickness机房machine room锅炉房boiler room动力专业energy 泻爆口explosion relif烟道井chimney shaft防爆墙explosion wall日用油箱间day oiltank room锅炉房操作控制室boiler control room水处理间water treatment room消防喷淋设备间sprinkler system room水泵房pump room热交换机房heat exchanger room游泳池水处理机房swimming pool water treatmentroom隔油处理间kitchen wastewater treatment room污水处理机房sewage disposal room冷却塔cooling tower变配电间power distribution room配电间distribution room消防控制室fine protection control room柴油机房power generation room冷冻机房chiller room风机房fan room空调机房AC room弱电进线室cable intake room通信+网络机房communication & network room无线覆盖机房wireless facilities room卫星电视机房satellite TV room消防安保机房Fire & security facilities room弱电配电间distribution room平行parallel垂直perpendicular人行道footway建筑控制线（地上、地下）setback lines(below andabove)路边线street curb生物钟biology clock毗邻adjacent to与—合成一体Incorporated建筑专业architecture结构专业structure、civil给排水专业water supply & drainage\ plumbing &drainage暖通专业HVAC_ heating ventilation air condition弱电专业ELV _extra low voltage \weak current强电专业electricalHere is our proposed agenda for our meeting thiscoming Sunday which starts at 9:30 in our office (first floor meeting room):Morning: begin with Mix's presentation of two schemes, plus exterior elevation. Then, discuss and decide which scheme to go ahead.Afternoon: LTW's presentation of different room layouts. Discuss. Also try to finalize the layouts of each level, including restaurants, lobby lounge, spa, parking and etc.We reserve the following morning for further discussion if necessary.Please kindly advise if this tentative agenda is acceptable and should you have any suggestions, please feel free to put forward and we will be happy to review with all of you together.This Sunday I will be in Mexico. Pan Yuen can represent me.Please kindly be informed that our scheduled meeting on 1-2 March has been formally postponed by one day to 2-3 March. Get prepared and will see you all at9:30am 2nd March at Pengxin Office. Hope it will be a fruitful meeting together.Kindly propose the topics to be covered and we will try to work out the agenda accordingly in advance.As there is only a short time before the workshop, please forward any other comments as quickly as possible.Thanks for your mail. Below is the reply to your queries:1)It's up to you where to put the fire engine platform so long it meets the government requirements. Anyway, please forward us the designs before the March meeting. 2)Yes, any area under the ramp above 2.2m will be counted as GFA. However, it will be calculated as half if remained open and not enclosed.Hope that helps.Best regards.We would appreciate if you could speed up and forward us all the necessary plans asap. Thank you very much.Hope you are well. It’s been a while since our last meeting. We had a few clarifications we hope you can help us with on the Banyan Tree Hotel.Thank you and best regards,KC…appreciate your comments. Our further dialogue below in blue.My comments in red.All of this is subject to much further development so appreciate all input in the meanwhile.。
给排水专业英语(上)
1】Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道)a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。
2】The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。
给排水专业词汇
23、 污水处理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。
24、 废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
6、 自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
7、 凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
8、 凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。
9、 助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中，为改善絮凝效果，另设加的辅助药剂。
28、 澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。
29、 过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。
30、 离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
31、 氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。
给排水专业英语采集
一、 通用术语
给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定：
1、 给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、 排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
19、 脉冲澄清池 pulsator 悬浮层不断产生固周期性的压缩和膨胀，促使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣进行接触凝聚页分离沉淀的水池。
20、 悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加药后的原水由上通过处于悬浮状态的泥渣层，使水中杂质与泥渣悬浮层的颗粒碰撞凝聚而分离沉淀的水池。
给排水专业英语Unit14
Unit14 Activated sludge processThe activated sludge process is now the most widely used biological process for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Activated sludge process was developed in England in 1914 and was so named because it involved the production of an activated mass of microorganisms capable of aerobic stabilization of the organic content of wastewater.The basic activated sludge process is illustrated by Figure 14.1. The mixture of influent wastewater commonly coming from primary clarifier and returning activated sludge is known as mixed liquor. In activated sludge process, the mixed liquor flows to aeration tank in which the microorganisms responsible for treatment are kept in suspension and aerated. In the aeration tank, contact time is provided for mixing and aerating influent wastewater. Aeration serves at least three important functions (1) mixing the mixed liquor, (2) keeping the activated sludge in suspension, and (3) supplying the oxygen to the biochemical reactions necessary for the stabilization of the wastewater. Once the mixed liquor has received sufficient treatment, excess mixed liquor is discharge into secondary clarifier. The function of the secondary clarifier is to separate the activated sludge solids from the mixed liquor. These solids represent the colloidal and dissolved solids that were originally present in the wastewater. In the aeration unit they were incorporated into the activated sludge floc, which are settleable solids. The separation of these solids, a critical step in the activated sludge process, is accomplished in the secondary or final settling tanks. The excess sludge must be removed before it loses its activity because of the death of the aerobic organisms resulting from lack of oxygen at the bottom of the tank. The most common practice is to waste from the sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge is removed by withdrawing mixed liquor directly from the aeration tank. The wasted mixed liquor can then be discharged to a thickening tank or to the primary tanks where the sludge settles and mixes with the raw primary sludge. The waste sludge is further thickened by final sedimentation, centrifuging, or flotation thickening and then treated by biological or chemical means.Since the activated sludge process came into common use , a number of modifications of the conventional activated sludge process have been developed to meet specific treatment objectives:(1) Complete-mix activated sludge process: A completely mixed system can allow a more uniform aeration of the wastewater in the aeration tank. This process has been applied to handle a variety of wastewater with great success, especially because the process can sustain shocks and toxic loads.(2) Step-aeration activated sludge process: In this modified system, influent wastewater is introduced at several point along the aeration tank length. This leads to a relatively homogenous load distribution along the length of the aeration tank resulting in a more efficient use of dissolved oxygen.(3) Contact-stabilization activated sludge: The influent contacts with a high concentration of biomass in a small contact tank of short of time (20 to 40 min). In this contact tank, a rapid biosorption of organic compounds is expected followed by the oxidation of the organic. This system would need smaller tankage and produce smaller amounts of biosolids.(4) Tapered aeration process: In the basic activated sludge process, organic influent is one-point loaded to the head of aeration tank, thus the oxygen demand is extremely high at the head of the aeration tank but very low at the exit end.(5) Higher availability of oxygen for microorganisms leads to improved treatment efficiency and reduced production of biosolids and reactor volume.To ensure high levels of treatment performance with the activated sludge process, several control measure must be considered such as (1) ensuring that there is sufficient level of dissolved oxygen in the aeration tanks, (2) adjusting the amount of return activated sludge ,and (3) controlling the waste sludge. Basically there are several parameters one can refer to as a guideline to find out whether the whole process is operating at peak performance. The parameter used most commonly for controlling the process is solids retention time (SRT, the SRT represent the average period of time during which the sludge has remained in the system). Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration may also be used to determine whether the sludge is healthy or whether it is too old or too young. MLSS concentration can be controlled based on the amount of return activated sludge. The food to microorganism ratio is commonly used to characterize operating conditions. Oxygen uptake rates are also used to monitor and control the activated sludge process.Sludge volume index (SVI) is the measure of the settle ability and compatibility of sludge and is made from a laboratory column settling test (the sludge volume index is defined as `the volume occupied by lg of sludge after it has settled for a specified period of time' generally ranging from 20 min to 1 or 2 hin a 1 or 2 L cylinder. Half an hour is most common settling time)。
建筑行业专业英语词语表达
Asphalt （Bitumen） and Asbestos 沥青和石棉Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料Drafting 制图方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 服务用房service room 更衣室locker room 厕所lavatory 衣柜间ward robe 暖风间H.V.A.C room 多功能用房utility room 披屋（阁楼） penthousee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet 雨蓬canopy 屋脊roof ridge 坡度slope 坡跨比pitch 檐口eave 挑檐overhanging eave 檐沟eave gutter 平屋面flat roof 坡屋面pitched roof 檩条purlin 屋面板roofing board 天花板ceiling board 防水层water-proof course 吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板（窗帘盒） cornicef. WALL （CLADDING）墙体（外墙板）砌块墙block wall 清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall 石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 纵墙longitudinal wall 横墙transverse wall 填充墙filler wall 防火墙fire wall 窗间墙wall between window 空心墙cavity wall 圈梁gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断glazed wall 遮阳板sunshade 伸缩缝expansion joint 复合夹心板sandwich board 压型单板corrugatedsingle steel plate 外墙板claddingpanel 复合板composite panelg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪grade 地面和楼面ground andfloor 垫层bedding course, blinding 面层covering, finish 结合层bonding（binding） course 水磨石地面terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面mosaicflooring 瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzoflooring 排水沟drainage trench 沟盖板trench cover 活动盖板removablecover plate 镶板门panelled door 夹板门plywood door 铝合金门aluminumalloy door 卷帘门roller shutter door 弹簧门swing door 推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door 折叠门foldingdoor玻璃门glazed door 密闭门air-Tightdoor 保温门thermal insulating door 镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wiremesh door 防火门fire door（大门上的）小门wicket门框door frame 门扇door leaf 门洞door opening 疏散门emergencydoor 纱门screen door 门槛door sill门边木stile 门樘侧料side jumb 槽口notch 铝合金窗aluminum alloywindow 百叶窗（通风为主） sun-bind, louver（louver, shutter, blind）塑钢窗plastic steel window 空腹钢窗hollowsteel window 固定窗fixed window 平开窗side-hung window 推拉窗sliding window 气窗transom 上悬窗top-hung window 中悬窗center-pivoted window 下悬窗hopperwindow 活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight 老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concretelintel 钢筋砖过梁reinforced bricklintel 窗扇casement sash旋转门revolving door窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion 窗横木mutin 窗边木stile 压缝条cover mould 窗帘盒curtain box 合页( 铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴pivot 长脚铰链parliament hinge 闭门器door closer 地弹簧floor closer 插销bolt 门锁door lock 拉手pull 链条chain 门钩door hanger 碰球ball latch 窗钩window catch 暗插销insert bolt 电动开关器electric opener 平板玻璃plate glass 夹丝玻璃wire glass 透明玻璃clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass 石英玻璃quartz glass 磨光玻璃polished glass 着色玻璃pigmented glass 玻璃瓦glass tile 玻璃砖glass block 有机玻璃organic glass I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯间staircase 疏散梯emergency stair 旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder 踏步step 扇形踏步winder (wheel step) 踏步板tread 档步板riser 踏步宽度tread width 防滑条non-slip insert (strips) 栏杆railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆platform railing 吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole 扶手handrail 梯段高度height of flight 防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage) 平台landing (platform) 楼梯平台stair landing 自动扶梯escalator 观光电梯observation elevator 电梯坑lift pit 电梯井道lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦粘土砖clay brick 瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防火砖fire brick 空心砖hollow brick 面砖facing brick 地板砖flooring tile 马赛克mosaic 陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete 琉璃瓦glazed tile 脊瓦ridge tile 石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle) 波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum 汉白玉white marble 碎石crushed stone 毛石rubble 蛭石vermiculite 珍珠岩pearlite 水磨石terrazzo 卵石cobble 砾石gravel 粗砂course sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土硅酸盐水泥silicate cement 火山灰水泥pozzolana cement 白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar 石灰砂浆lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆( 混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆thermal mortar 防水砂浆water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆bituminous mortar 灰缝mortar joint 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土lightweight concrete 细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土foamed concrete 炉渣混凝土cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiberTimber 木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine 白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch 冷杉fir 栎木oak 榴木willow 榆木elm 杉木cedar 柚木teak樟木wood 防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood 三(五)合板3(5)-plywood 企口板tongued and grooved board 层夹板laminated plank 胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber 纤维板fiber-board 竹子bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属ferrous metal 圆钢steelbBar 方钢square steel 扁钢steel strap,flat steel 型钢steel section (shape) 槽钢channel 角钢angle steel 等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢unequal-leg angle 工字钢I-beam 宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar) 冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled 冷轧cold-rolled合金钢alloy steel 钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel 竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋deformedbar 光圆钢筋plain round bar 钢板steelplate 薄钢板thin steel plate 低碳钢lowcarbon steel 冷弯cold bending 钢管steel pipe (tube) 无缝钢管seamlesssteel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 黑铁管iron pipe 镀锌钢管galvanized steelpipe 铸铁cast iron 生铁pig iron 熟铁wrought iron 镀锌铁皮galvanized steelsheet 镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire 钢丝网steel wire mesh 多孔金属网expanded metal 锰钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steelNon-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金gold 白金platinum 铜copper 黄铜brass 青铜bronze 银silver 铝aluminum 铅leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene冷拉cold-drawn尼龙nylon冷压cold-pressed聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 磁漆enamel paint 轻工业的light industrial聚碳酸酯polycarbonate 干性油drying oil 古代建筑ancient architecture聚苯乙烯polystyrene 稀释剂thinner 现代建筑modern architecture丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin 焦油tar 标准化建筑standardized buildings 乙烯基酯vinyl ester 沥青漆asphalt paint 附属建筑auxiliary buildings橡胶内衬rubber lining 桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil 城市规划city planning氯丁橡胶neoprene 红丹red lead 厂区内within site沥青漆bitumen paint 铅油lead oil 厂区外offsite环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint 腻子putty 封闭式closed type氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primerk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它开敞式open type防锈漆anti-rust paint建筑术语半开敞式semi-open type耐酸漆acid-resistant paint 模数制modular system耐碱漆alkali-resistant paintDiscipline 专业单位造价unit cost水玻璃sodium silicate建筑architecture概算preliminary estimate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar土木civil承包商constructor, contractor环氧树脂epoxy resin给排水water supply and drainage现场siteBuilding Hardware 建筑五金总图plot plan扩建extension钉子nails采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating 、ventilation改建reconstruction螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail and air conditioning)防火fire-prevention环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum 电力供应electric power supply防震aseismatic, quake-proofboard nail电气照明electric lighting防腐anti-corrosion螺丝screws电讯telecommunication 防潮dump-proof平头螺丝flat-head screw仪表instrument 防水water-proof螺栓bolt热力供应heat power supply 防尘dust-proof普通螺栓commercial bolt动力mechanical power防锈rust-proof高强螺栓high strength bolt工艺process technology 车流量traffic volume预埋螺栓insert bolt管道piping 货流量freight traffic volume 胀锚螺栓cinch boltConventional Terms 一般通用名词人流量pedestrian volume垫片washer建筑原理architectonics透视图perspective drawing Paint 油漆建筑形式architectural style 建筑模型building model底漆primer民用建筑civil architectureArchitectural Physics 建筑物理防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer城市建筑urban architecture 照明illumination防腐漆anti-corrosion paint农村建筑rural architecture 照度degree of illumination调和漆mixed paint农业建筑farm building亮度brightness无光漆flat paint 工业建筑industrial building 日照sunshine透明漆varnish重工业的heavy industrial 天然采光natural lighting 银粉漆aluminum paint光强light intensity 侧光side light 顶光top light 眩光glaze 遮阳sun-shade Name Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理project manager (PM) 设计经理design manager 首席建筑师principal architect 总工程师chief engineer 土木工程师civil engineer 工艺工程师process engineer 电气工程师electrical engineer 机械工程师mechanical engineer 计划工程师planning engineer 助理工程师assistant engineer 实习生probationer 专家specialist, expert 制图员draftsman 技术员technician Drafting 制图总说明general specification 工程说明project specification 采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录list of drawings 平面图plan 局部放大图detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图sectional plan of... 留孔平面图plan of provision of holes 剖面section 纵剖面longitudinal section 横剖面cross (transverse) section 立面elevation 正立面front elevation侧立面side elevation 背立面back elevation 详图detail drawings 典型节点typical detail 节点号detail No. 首页front page 图纸目录及说明list of contents and description 图例legend 示意图diagram 草图sketch 荷载简图load diagram 流程示意图flow diagram 标准图standard drawing ．．．布置图layout of ... 地形图topographical map 土方工程图earth-work drawing 展开图developed drawing 模板图formworkdrawing 行和栏rows and columns备注remarks 曲线curves -曲折线zigzag line 虚线dotted line实线solid line 影线hatching line 等高线contour Line 环形annular 方形square 矩形rectangle 平行四边形parallelogram 五角形pentagon六角形hexagon 八角形octagon 梯形trapezoid扇形sector 圆锥形cone 椭圆形ellipse, oblong 净高headroom 截面尺寸sectionaldimension 进深depth 单跨single span 双跨double span多跨multi-span 标高elevation,level 室外地面标高groundelevation 室内地面标高floorelevation 柱网column grid 辅助面积service area 通道面积passage area 排水沟drain ditch地漏floor drain 消火栓firehydrant。
土木工程给排水环境工程专业英语翻译题库
2.翻译句子：Lesson 1.土木工程Civil engineers in this field oversee the construction of a project from beginning to end.这一领域的工程师要监督一个项目从开始到结束的整个施工过程。
Those engaged in this area of civil engineering may plan and develop communities within a city, or entire cities.该领域的工程师从事规划小区或者一个完整的城市。
These civil engineers coordinate planning of public works along with private development. They evaluate the kinds of facilities needed, including streets and highways, public transportation systems, airports, port facilities, water-supply and wastewater-disposal systems, public buildings, parks, and recreational and other facilities to ensure social and economic as well as environmental well-being.规划工程师协调公共工程和私有设施的发展。
他们评估各种设施的需求，包括街道和公路、公共运输系统，机场、港口、供水排水系统，公共建筑，公园、娱乐设施等，以保证社会、经济和环境的协调发展。
The civil engineer-manager combines technical knowledge with an ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money.管理工程师将技术和组织协调劳动力、材料、机械设备、资金的能力结合起来。
给排水专业英语词汇(上)
Trench n.沟，渠Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水Foul n.污浊的Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的Distillation n.蒸馏（法）Still n.蒸馏器Filtration n.过滤Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积Grate v.装格栅于Basin n.水池，水槽Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品Anticipate vt.促进Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的Nutrient n.养分，养料Medium n.介质，培养基Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻Protozoa n.原生动物Inorganics n.无机物Seep vi.渗入Effluent n.污水，废水Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒Cholera n.霍乱Round n.循环，周期Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加Distil v.蒸馏Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析Brackish a.稍咸的Estuary n.河口，海湾Osmosis n.渗透性Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂Settlting n.沉淀Settling out 沉淀出来Coarse a.粗粒的，大的Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体Filtration n.过滤，澄清Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等）Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用Detract v.降低，减损Rayon n.人造丝Cellulose n.纤维素Starch n.淀粉Odour n.气味，臭气Secretion n.分泌液Fungi n.真菌Phenol n.（苯）酚Chlorine n.氯气Malodorous a.恶臭的Chlorophenols n.氯酚Break-point chlorination 折点加氯Activated carbon 活性炭Chlorine dioxide 二氧化氯Ozone n.臭氧Silica n.二氧化硅Transparency n.透明（性，度）Mastic n.胶粘剂p.p.m=parts per million 百万分之（几）Coalesce vi.凝聚Decolorize vt.漂白Conductivity n.传导性Resistivity n.电阻性Bacteriological a.细菌学的Alkaline n./a.碱性，碱性的Acidity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.酸性（度）Alkalinity n.（强）碱性Corrosive a.腐蚀的Water-supply 给水的Storage reservoir 蓄水库（池）Pipeline n.管道（线）Distribution reservoir 配水库（池）Distribution pipe 配水管网High demands 高峰用水量Supply source 水源Air conditioning equipment 空调设备Water （supply）engineer 给水工程师The fire department 消防部门Catchment n.集水（量），汇水Catchment area 集水区Rainfall n.降雨量Refill v.再装满Runoff n.径流（量）Infiltration n.渗透（入）Infiltration water 渗透水Evaporation n.蒸发Evaporation water 蒸发水Impounding v.贮（水）备灌溉用Impounding reservoir 蓄水池Recharge v.再装，再补充Purify v.使纯净，使洁净Compressor n.压缩机Limestone n.石灰石Porous a.多孔的Formation n.地（岩）层Limestone formation 石灰岩层Porous formation 多空岩层Plumbing n.（自来水，卫生）管道（装置）室内给排水系统（管道，工程）System of plumbing 卫生工程系统（体系）Circulatory a.循环的，流通的Outbreak n.爆发，破裂Epidemic n.流行病，时疫Cross-connection 交叉传染Submerged a.水面下的Inlet n.进（气，水）口Submerged inlet 淹没式入口，进水口淹没Vent n.通风（排气）管（口）；排除，放气Deteriorate v.变质，损坏Appurtenance n.附属物，设备，附件，附属建筑（装置）Sanitary or storm drainage 生活用水或雨水的排放Distribution n.分布，配给Multitude n.许多，大批（量）A multitude of 许多的，众多的Uphill n.a.ad. 上坡，向上Valve n.阀门，开关Microbe n.微生物Lactic a.乳的Lactic acid 乳酸Breakdown n.分解，离解Fermentation n.发酵Equation n.反应式，公式Oxidize v.使氧化Acetic a.醋酸的，醋酸Oxidation n.氧化作用Atmospheric a.大气中的，空气的Butyric a.丁酸的，奶油的，丁酸Bacteria n.细菌Proliferate v.繁殖，繁衍Anaerobic a.厌氧的，厌气的Derivative a.转生的，派生的，衍生物Specialize v.使专门化，特殊化Attack vt.（化学）腐蚀，锈蚀Nutrition n.营养（学）Culture n.培养，养殖Media n.培养基Synthesize v.（人工）合成Preform vt.预先形成Biochemical a.生物化学的Municipal a.城市的Unsaturated a.未饱和的Suspended water 悬着水Intermolecular a.分子间的Aeration n.曝气，通气The zone of aeration 通气层Remainder n.剩余物Capillary a.n.毛细管的Fringe n.边缘，端Transpire v.蒸发，气化Compaction n.压实，压缩Pore n.小孔Intergranular a.颗粒间的Permeability n.渗透性，透气性Recharge well 回灌井Hydraulic a.水力学的Coefficient n.系数Substrate n.基质，底质Sediment n.沉积物Adjacent a.邻近的，相邻的Sodium n.钠Sodium chloride 氯化钠Ion n.离子Conduit n.导管，水管Sewerage n.下水道，污水（排水）工程（系统）Elevation n.高度，海拔Confines n.界限，范围，边界Rectangular a.矩（长方）形的Laminar a.层（式、状、流）的Turbulent a.湍流的Irrigation n.灌溉Nonuniform a.不均匀的，变化的Retard vt.延迟，减速流Retarded flow 滞流，减速流Component n.分（力，量，支）The component of the gravity 重力的分量Shear n.剪（切，力）切（变，力）Shear force 切力，剪力Spillway n.溢洪道Profile n.轮廓，断面（图）Resulting a.所引起（产生）的Resulting profile 所形成的剖面图Sanitary a.关于环境卫生的，卫生的Hydraulic a.水力的，水力学的，水压的Aqueduct n.沟渠，导水管，高架渠Reveal v.泄露，显示Archeological a.考古学的Pipeline n.管道线，输送管Cloaca n.暗渠，下水道，厕所Sewer n.污水池Cesspool n.阴沟，污水管，排水管，下水道Metropolis 首都，大城市，文化商业中心Tributary a.附属的，支流的Lawsuit n.诉讼Downstream a.ad.顺流的，在下游的Sewage n.污水，污物Range v.延伸，探寻，涉及Watershed n.流域，集水区Bedrock n.基岩Rainfall n.降雨，降水，降雨量Divert vt.转移，使转向Ecosystem n.生态系统Biosphere n.生物圈Biotope n.群落生境Inanimate a.非动物的Spatial a.空间的Biocoenosis n.生物群落Moor n.荒野，沼Savannah n.热带大草原Deciduous a.（在成熟期或一定季节）脱落的Flora n.植物群Fauna n.动物群Habitat n.栖息地Climatic a.气候的Terrestrial a.陆地的Aquatic a.水生的Abiotic a.非生物的Ecological a.生态的Autotrophic a.自养的Chloroplast a.叶绿体Herbaceous a.草本的Carbohydrate n.碳水化合物Assimilation n.吸收Heterotrophic a.异养的Herbivore a.食草的Decompose vt.分解Detritus n.腐质Invertebrate a.无脊椎的Carnivore n.食肉动物Arable a.适于耕作的Fluctuate v.波动，涨落Quantitative a.定量的Amplitude n.广大，充足Genetic a.遗传的Botanic a.植物的Compensate vt.补偿Integrated plant protection 综合植物保护Terminal community 最终群落Burgeon vt.发展，展开Deterioration n.恶化，变质Airborne a.空中的Adverse effect 反作用，不利影响Manifest a.明显的vt.表明，证明Catalytic a.催化的Copolymer n.共聚物Toxicity n.毒性，毒力Abatement n.减少，除去Emission n.散发，发射（物）Unrelenting a.不退让的，不松懈的Fusion n.合并，联合Megalopolis n.大城市（由几个城市及郊区连成者）Sparsely ad.稀疏地，稀少地Pollutant n.污染物Reside v.住（留），属于，与……靠得很近Juxtaposition n.并列，并置Severity n.严重性Intensification n.加强，强化Segment n.部分，分布Contaminant n.污染物质，杂质Internal combustion engine 内燃机Per capita 每人口Solid refuse 固体废物，固体垃圾Incinerator n.焚化炉，化灰炉Degradation n.退化，降低Originate vi.发起，发生Affluent a.富足的，丰富Dilution n.冲淡，稀释Dispersion n.分散（作用）弥散Irritation n.刺激，兴奋Hazardous a.有害的Handling characteristics 处理特性Garbage n.垃圾，废料Serve to 用于……Inoffensive a.无害的Inherent a.固有的，内在的Compost vt.把……做成堆肥Raw material 原材料Incineration n.焚化Supervision n.监督，管理Overweight vt.在重量上超过Densely ad.密集地，稠密地Landfill vi.土地掩埋Haul vt.用力拖（或拉）Option n.选择，选择权Municipal solid waste(MSW) 城市固体废物Ecological perspective 生态学观点Recoverable a.可重获的，可找到的Burial n.埋葬Pyrolysis n.热解作用Pyrolysis furnace 干馏炉，热解炉Destructive a.破坏性的Endothermic a.吸热的Exothermic a.放热的Oxygen-free environment 无氧环境Self-sustaining a.自给的Methane n.甲烷Methanol n.甲醇Tar n.焦油Combustible a.可燃的，易燃的Pose vt.造成，形成Aesthetic a.美学的Restrain…from(doing) 制止……（干）……Waste disposal 废物处理Feasibility n.可行性Enactment n.颁布Enforcement n.实施Combined sewer （system）合流制下水管（系统）Separated sewer (system) 分流制下水管（系统）Drain off 把……排除Bypass vt.越过，绕……走Minimize vt.使减少到最少Dilute vt.冲淡Settle out 沉淀出来Municipality n.市，市政府Undesirable a.讨厌的，令人不快的Inadequate a.不足的，不适当的Be acted on 受……作用Notably ad.显著地，著名地Tertiary a.第三极的Leach vt.滤去（物质）Leaching field 滤液场Septic a.引起腐烂的Septic tank 化粪池Detention n.滞留Interact vi.互相作用，互相影响Quest vi.追求，探索Biophysical a.生物物理学的Arithmetical a.算术的Coverage n.覆盖率Priority n.重点，优先Quantitative a.数量的，定量的Hygienic a.卫生的，卫生学的Indisputable a.无可争辩的，无可置疑的Programmer n.规划，订计划者Nationwide a.全国性的Criterion n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则Continuity n.连续性，持续性Forthcoming a.即将到来的，即将出现的Coherent a.一致的，粘附的Sustainable a.持续的，能忍受的Initiative n.倡议，首创精神Legislation n.立法，法规Implementation n.履行，实施Assessment n.评估，估价Underlying a.根本的，基础的Institutional a.制度上的，惯例的Undertaker n.承担者，承办人Water undertaker 自来水厂Privatization n.私有化Inspection n.检查，视察Entity n.实体，统一体。
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语翻译为"Plumbing and Drainage Engineering"。
在给排水专业中，有一些常用的英语词汇和短语，如下所示：
1. Plumbing - 管道安装
2. Drainage - 排水系统
3. Piping - 管道
4. Sewer - 下水道
5. Water supply - 供水系统
6. Water distribution - 配水系统
7. Plumbing fixtures - 卫浴设备
8. Sanitary fittings - 卫生设备
9. Ventilation - 通风系统
10. Pumping station - 泵站
11. Sewage treatment - 污水处理
12. Stormwater management - 雨水管理
13. Plumbing code - 管道安装规范
14. Plumbing design - 管道设计
15. Plumbing installation - 管道安装
16. Plumbing maintenance - 管道维护
17. Plumbing repair - 管道维修
18. Plumbing inspection - 管道检查
19. Water conservation - 节水
20. Backflow prevention - 防止倒流
以上是一些常见的给排水专业英语词汇和短语，希望对你有帮助！。
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1.给水工程water supply engineering FK8G BkQ!原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
e>:bV7h j~2.排水工程sewerage,wastewater engineering 6"d^4L?收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
1b 6o x63.给水系统water supply system :OF:(,J给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
NbD 4.排水系统sewerage system ,@_$acm排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
kH!I&4d& 5.给水水源water source blwdcdh给水工程所取用的原水水体。
Su<Ggv"6.原水raw water iY =M67V由水源地取来的原料水。
TzXivE@mm7.地表水surface water G`9\v=0存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
Bi"7FF(z8.地下水ground water G?LPj*=$?存在于地壳岩石裂缝或土壤空隙中的水。
DnA}!s9.苦咸水(碱性水)brackish water，alkaline water c9\jELO碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，pH值大于7。
OO@ (lt10.淡水fresh water 6(4FC?Y7含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11.冷却水cooling water dzMlfJp用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
EnXNTat})12.废水wastewater bX%9'O[-居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
T+7O+X#13.污水sewage,wastewater [(U:1&x &受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
/k3v\Jq{14.用水量water consumption eO#Kn'5用水对象实际使用的水量。
&U%AVD[15.供水量output _oK*1#Rm8向用水对象提供的水量。
Coz\fL16.污水量wastewater flow，sewage flow K[JbQ30排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
H1iewsfzH17.用水定额water consumption norm C&Rv$<qc对不同的用水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位用水量的数值。
!5lb+%7 18.排水定额wastewater flow norm LUSBRr8对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
]E/^(T-O 19.水质water quality pRyePxCDj)在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
6v(?Lr`D20.渠道channel,conduit 4e OS+&天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。
21.干管main R^u 1(SF输送水的主要管道。
$W}YXLFj?22.泵站pumping house K"fr4xHq设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。
p;nRxi7'23.泵站pumping station b { M'aV泵房及其配套设施的总称。
( AI gW24.给水处理water treatment 1s\对不符合用水对象水质要求的水，进行水质改善的过程。
|f+`FOliP25.污水处理sewage treatment,wastewatertreatment OV>JmYe1{/为使污水达到排入某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进d U}kimz行净化的过程。
ja2BK\"1:26.废水处置wastewater disposal ^}Wk对废水的最终安排。
一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
z$A15# 27.格栅bar screen z%lLbKSe一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
T8t_+| 28.曝气aeration A6S|pO1)3水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。
qGkD] L 29.沉淀sedimentation x\K9|_!利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。
lHI?GiB@30.澄清clarification +@mgb4_通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程31.过滤filtration AYHefAF<w借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中杂物的过程。
hOM#j32.离子交换法ion exchange \F8 :6-采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
2*pNIc33.消毒disinfection qk_YFR?R采用物理、化学或生物方法消灭病原体的过程。
/L; c -^34.氯化chlorination d 6=Z =4w在水中投氯或含氯氧化物以达到氧化和消毒等目的的过程。
Q60'5Wt35.余氯residual chlorine K-Fro~U水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。
Nx 36.游离性余氯free residual chlorine "W@>lf?"水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。
{O5(O oDa37.结合性余氯combinative residual chlorine @2/ xu水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。
>slGicZ038.污泥sludge C7_nA:Rc在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。
39.污泥处理sludge treatment *ulkqpO对污泥进行浓缩、调治、脱水、稳定、干化或焚烧的加工过程。
JqP~2,T 40.污泥处置sludge disposal ^$~&e :{对污泥的最终安排。
一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
41.水头损失head loss Ae^ Idz水流通过管渠设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。
] udH`{]42.贮水池storage reservoir, storage tank /YD2F为一定目的而设置的蓄水构筑物。
-(l/.yE{X43.过河管river crossing vl:V?- sY穿越江河的管道。
管道过河可架空跨越，也可倒虹穿越河底。
A)641"[44.倒虹管inverted siphon :qrCqFl管道遇到河道、铁路等障碍物，不能按原有高程埋设，而从障碍物下面绕过时采用的一种倒虹形管段。
\@F!h8e445.稳定stabilization Ztj~Q9mu•(1)在水处理系统中，指将可降解有机物(溶解或悬浮的)氧化为无机物或不易降解的物质的生物或化学过程。
.;jp 2^•(2)在冷却水系统中，指水中碳酸钙和二氧化碳的浓度达到平衡状态，既不由于碳酸钙沉淀而产生结垢，也不由于其溶解而产生腐蚀的过程。
GCv*a[8?n46.异重流density current kC=h[<'两种或两种以上不同密度的流体层发生的相对运动。
1.直流水系统once through system |!\5nix3A>水经一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
bYB:Fe=22.复用水系统water reuse system &N\4/'wV水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
{aVL3QU3.循环水系统recirculation system 2kV{|`1水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。
cH{[\F"Eb4.生活用水domestic water 6Cz%i 6)人类日常生活所需用的水。
'?j,oRz^T5.生产用水process water E !}~j生产过程所需用的水。
Mr u6.消防用水fire demand ~N=$%C扑灭火灾所需用的水。
XWNDpL`j57.浇洒道路用水street flushing demand,roadwatering fqQ(EVpQ对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用的水。
CHo(:A.U>8.绿化用水green belt sprinkling, greenplot sprinkling mb_~ "} A对市政绿地等所需用的水。
cBz_L"5vr[9.未预见用水量unforeseen demand 'awZ-$#给水系统设计中，对难于预测的各项因素而准备的水量。
R7 j'XU10.自用水量water consumption in water-works oNK-^N?-T水厂内部生产工艺过程和为其它用途所需用的水量。
11.管网漏失水量leakage q;0QI{:5v水在输配过程中漏失的水量。
01;12.平均日供水量average daily output !1<?ddH6一年的总供水量除以全年供水天数所得的数值。
13.最高日供水量maximum daily output &Y一年中最大一日的供水量。
|wYOO(!14.日变化系数daily variation coefficient r s?"pGz;最高日供水量与平均日供水量的比值。
? pkg1F715.时变化系数hourly variation coefficient 6;8Jy最高日最高时供水量与该日平均时供水量的比值。
j4hiMI;16.最小服务水头minimum service head AO "pm配水管网在用户接管点处应维持的最小水头。
管井deep well,drilled well -(Y(K!n1.井管从地面打到含水层，抽取地下水的井。
|9X$@R2.管井滤水管deep well screen A_mVe\(*M设置在管井动水位以下，用以从含水层中集水的有缝隙或孔隙的管段。
WTO\#ha 3.管井沉淀管grit compartment +oT/ v3,位于管井最下部，用以容纳进入井内的沙粒和从水中析出的scsN2#D7U/沉淀物的管段。
gq^j-!Q)Q<4.大口井dug well，open well >4.K>U?0FC5.井群battery of wells #9a\Ab数个井组成的群体。
@Weim7r6.渗渠infiltration gallery _=wu>h&7壁上开孔，以集取浅层地下水的水平管渠。