基础英语1-6单元练习册答案

Unit 1Spellinggnaw apply visualize patriotic outrageous starvationenthusiasm intercollegiate tremor tackling noveltypainkiller massage portable athlete slanderously donate oriental dragon soccer severe addict1. outrageous2. athlete3. nickname4. participate5. rugby6. enthusiasm7. opponent8. reputation9. jersey 10. intellectual 11. promising 12. coachII. DictationA. Ever since the modern Olympic Games began in 1896, they’ve h ad their critics. Every form of competitive activity attracts trouble. But part of the aim of the Games, when they were first held in Ancient Greece, was to discourage war between states by engaging them in a friendlier kind of competition.The spirit of competition in the Games does a lot of good getting people to forget their differences in a communal activity. Any competitor or spectator at the Games or in the Olympic Village will tell you that the atmosphere of friendship there is unforgettable, as i f the world were one big family.These Games are the biggest international gathering of any kind in the world. Not only do they bring sportsmen together, but they unite a world public. Isn’t this a sufficient reason for continuing them? As long as the majority wants it, these Games will continue.B. Association football, also known as soccer, is an 11-a-side team game played on a grass field. At each end of the field is a goal net. The object is to move the ball around the field, with the feet or head, u ntil a player is in a position to put the ball into the net and score a goal. The goalkeeper defends the goal, and he is the only person allowed to touch the ball with his hands while it is in play. The ancient Greeks, Chinese, Egyptians and Romans all played a form of football. In the early 19th century it became an organized game in Britain, and was played in most universities and public schools. In 1863 the Football Association was formed. The first FA Cup final was played in 1872. The first World Cup was organized in Uruguay in 1930. The European Governing body, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), was formed in 1954, and it controls the major European club competitions.1.Translation1. He is the manager’s son, but that alone does not qual ify him to criticizeout work.2. Mr. Smith took up photography as a hobby after he retired from teaching.2.By comparison, this house has the advantage of low pri ce and thathouse has the advantage of convenient transportation.4.It seems that he is making every effort to promote the sale of this new product.5.The eager students crowded into the lecture hall to hear the famous professor from Cambridge University.6.She, like thousands of others, is greatly fascinated by this work of art.7.It was not until I got married that I could afford to buy a house of my own.B. The transport problem in Lavenport has been growing because in this cosmopolitan city there are too many people but there is not enough space. The population has been increasing very quickly in recent years and now Lavenport has become very crowded. Hardly any city / Very few cities in the world is / are as crowded as Lavenport. Since 1851 the peop le in this port city have been reclaiming land from the sea and today it is difficult to imagine what the original shoreline looked like. But over the years, reclamation schemes have been growing more and more expensive and today there is hardly any place left where reclamation is possible. The harbour is one of the busiest in the world. Each day about five million passengers make use of some kind of public transport or other in Lavenport.Unit 2Dictation A:The motion picture is a highly complex art form which combines many other arts. The filmmaker is a writer using language, a musician using music. He is a painter concerned with composition, light, and color. He is a sculptor mounding forms in space, a choreographer shaping human movement. With the camera as the major tool, the filmmaker recreates the external world. Using the camera and putting pieces of film together or separating them in the editing process, the filmmaker powerfully controls time and space. A gunfight can become a ballet in slow motion. The act of climbing a short flight of stairs can be extended to seem like an endless journey, and an airplane can be made to cross continents in seconds. In the theatrical film, the filmmaker uses these and many other artistic techniques to tell a story.Not all films are made to tell stories or to be shown in theatres. Filmmakers can also use their craft for other purposes than to create a work of art and entertainment.Dictation BAn opera is a play with music. The actors sing some of the w ords instead of speaking them. In grand opera, they sing all the words. The music and singing portray the moods of the story and the feeling of the characters in it.To appreciate an opera, you should go and see one. Listening to opera on the radio or on records does not give much idea of what it is really like. Going to an opera can be very exciting. There is usually a large orchestra, and a chorus of singers as well as the leading singer. The scenery is colorful and the stage lighting often very dramatic. Although parts of an opera are treated in such detail that the action is rather slow. The beauty of the songs compensates for the breaks in the action.Spellingcritical shears hedge adapt autonomypunch explosive pellet jelly dynamitecompetent scissors credit sovereignty catcalladministrative tumble trigger wharf judo1.prosperous2.autonomy3.rehearsal4.audience5.stunt6.stretch7.bullet8.explosive9.scene 10.gallop 11.microphone 12.wrestling Translation1.Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?2.Whatever was said here just now must be kept secret.3.If the trip costs no more than 100 yuan, you can count me in.4.Every night before going to bed, Mr. Smith goes round the house to make sure that all the doors and windows are locked and that all the lights are off.He did tell you the truth, but you simply did not believe him.5.My delay in answering his letter worried him so much that he made a non-stop flight to come to see me.6.When I told him that his father had been sent to hospital because of a heart attack, he looked as if he didn’t care.7.The bus suddenly stopped; a heavy bag fell from the ra ck above him and landed on his head.Where did the movies begin? It is often said that they are an American invention; but this is not entirely true. The motion picture has been the most international of the arts. At the end of the nineteenth century, inventors in France, England, and the United States were among the dozens of men who were trying to develop ways of using photographs to create the effect of motion.Soon after 1889, when the famous American inventor Thomas Edison first showed motion pictures through a device called the kinetoscope, other devices for the same purposes appeared all over the world. Edison had solved certain problems, making it possible for other inventors to develop their own devices. One other important contribution by Edison was the introduction of 35mm. as the international standard film width. When it became possible to use any 35mm machine for showing movies from any part of the world, the international trading of films began to take place.Unit 3spelling1. exaggerate2. believe3. robust4. dreadful5. sensible6. behaviour7. accuse8. innocence9. furious 10. shoplifter 11. reluctance 12. receipthandicap magnetic pedestrian statistics shabby brochure exaggerate terminal robust mentality ethics original receipt furious innocencemagnetic conscientious statistics hoarse brochure exaggerate robust ethics sensible receipt viciously stern accuse furious fragileDictation A:Specialists in marketing have studied how to make people buy more food in a supermarket. They do all kinds of things that you do not even notice. For example, the simple, ordinary food that everybody must buy, like bread, milk,, flour and vegetable oil, is spread all over the store. You have to walk by all the more interesting things in order to find what you need. The more expensive food is in packages with bright-coloured pictures. This food is placed at eye level so you see and want to buy it. The things that you have to buy anyway are usually located on a higher or lower shelf. However, candy and other things that children like are on lower shelves. The store has a comfortable temperature in summer and winter, and it plays soft music. It is a pleasant place for people to say and spend more money.So be careful in the supermarket. You may go home with a bag of food you were not p;anning to buy. The supermarket, not you, decided you should buy it.Dictation B:While I was shopping in a large department store, I stopped in the book department. I spent at least 30 minutes there because I was looking for a number of books which I wanted to give to people as presents. I found quite a few of them so I put them in a pile beside me. I was standing there and reading the books quietly, choosing some and putting some others back, when an elderly lady came up to me, pushed a book at me and said: “ I’ll take this.” I replied to her, “Go ahead, madam, but you had better pa y for it first.” Then I realized that because I was standing by a great pile of books, she thought I was a shop assistant. I was starting to explain when she interrupted me and complained about the service in the shop. I said nothing and walked away.T F F F FDictation AWhile I was shopping in a large department store, I stopped in the book department. I spent at least 30 minutes there because I was looking for a number of books which I wanted to give to people as presents. I found quite a few of them so I put them in a pile beside me. I was standing there and reading the books quietly, choosing some and putting some others back, when an elderly lady came up to me. Pushed a book at me and said, “I’ll take this.” I replied to her, “ Go ahead, madam, but you had better pay for it first.” Then I realized that because I was standing by a great pile of books, she thought I was a shop assistant. I was starting to explain when she interrupted me and complained about the service in the shop. I said nothing and walked away.Translation:1. The stuntman’s breathtaking performance left the audience panic-stricken.2. Since his health is deteriorating, I think that it is time he got out of the bad habit of smoking.3.When Bill is preoccupied with his experiment, he has no idea of what isgoing on around him.4.Tom proposed to exchange this stamp of his for that book of John’s, butJohn refused.5.He accused his neighbor of playing the records too loudly at night.6.He is not such a fool as you assume him to be.Passage Translation:On many occasions we may hear people say that men are superior to women. Actually this is a manifestation of male chauvinism.True, men are doing better than women in most fields, but this is not women’s fault.. The age-old traditions which prevent women from enjoying equal opportunities with men have a lot to do with the problem.There is yet another form of invisible discrimination. That is the deep-rooted prejudice that sees ignorance as a woman’s virtue. But of course it is tru e that in our country women’s status has been greatly raised in the past fifty years.A main obstacle that often holds women back is fear, which results from social prejudice. Fear keeps women from doing anything significant. To root out the conventional prejudices, women should hold to the belief that they can catch up with and surpass men. This belief will build up women’s confidence, overcome their fear, and shatter the myth that men are superior to women.Unit 4I.spelling1.averge2.equip3.intolerable4.suburban5.environmental6.marine7.pesticide8.ruin9.automobile 10.fertilizer 11.industrial 12.pollutantSprain gym dense torment suburbanResidential irritate disturbance drastic pesticideFertilizer scatter junk exhaust ecologyNuisance complaint mobility deteriorate smogGym enforce torment industrial intolerableUrban irritate drastic erosion fertilizerToxic barren ruin survival junkAutomobile countermeasure nuisance insecticide assailF T F F FDictation AThe price of gasoline should have been set at dollars a gallon in 1918 when Henry Ford introduced the Model T .Consider what would have happened. If the price of gas had been too expensive for the average person, then there never would have been such serious pollution problems in every major American city. Moreover, there would be no need to rehabilitate our cities, because large numbers of people would never have left them for the suburbs. Finally, if the price had been set at ten dollars a gallon, there would have been enough gasoline reserves to last for centuries. Instead, the low price of gas helped to exhaust the supply and create over-dependence upon foreign sources of oil.Dictation BPeople used to think that the Mississippi was too big to be polluted. But today it is in trouble. In the past half century or so hundreds of factories have been built on the banks of the river. As production has increased, so has the amount of harmful waste been discharged into it by the factories. Every day, thousands of tons of industrial waste are poured into the river. In many places the water can no longer be safely used for drinking or irrigation. Birds and fish have been killed off in large numbers by water pollution. A New York paper reported on February 8, 1972, “The Mississippi has now been made so dirty that swimming and fishing in it are almost out of the question.”III. Translation1.Linda can’t have gone to America, for I saw her yesterday in the street.2.The governments of these countries must take strong measures to bring population completely under control.3.The old couple should have applied for a number of traveler’s checks so that they needn’t have carried so much cash with them while travelling around the world.4.He is so famous an artist that his paintings should all be kept in such paces as art galleries or museums.5.For lack of experience, the young doctor didn’t take imm ediate action, which caused the death of the patient.6.She wanted to show in some way how much she cared about him and his happiness.7.The president made a speech to the effect that the state would preserve its wildlife.8.Teachers should exercise their imagination and add art to their teaching.B.The Queen wasn’t an entirely successful film. The music might not have been right for the theme of the film. The actress might not have been quite right for her role as a queen,. The director could have organized the plot more carefully. The actor’s role ought to have been larger. The producer might not have had enough time to supervise the production. They may not have had enough money to make a truly successful film. But it was still a fine movie.I.Dictation AA National Park is an area where natural scenery and wildlife is protected by law to preserve them for future generations. It is only recently that man has realized that he must make a positive effort if many species of wildlife and areas of great beauty are not to disappear forever.There are many kinds of areas of conservation and their central priorities may differ slightly. In the U.S.A., a national park such as Yellowstone safeguards natural features and wildlife in a way that will contribute to public enjoyment. In Africa generally, the chief purpose is the preservation of the remnants of the great herds of animals which once wandered around the country.National Parks depend on tourists for income but the animals must remain unharmed. National Parks may be small or large, privately or government owned.II.Dictation BWe are trying to decide where to go on our vacation this summer. We usually go to Lake Arrowhead for a couple of weeks, but we’d like to go somewhere else this year. We’re tired o f doing the same thing summer after summer. Some friends of ours suggested that we go to Hawaii. That would be wonderful! I am sure we’d enjoy a trip like that, but of course it’s out of the question. In the first place, it would be terribly expensive, and in the second place, there wouldn’t be enough time. As a matter of a fact, if we wanted to plan a trip like that, it might be advisable to stay home this summer and not go any place. That’s one way we could begin to save money for next year’s trip. Also, if we were to stay here, I could offer to work instead of taking two weeks off; then maybe my boss would recommend that I be given four weeks’ vacation next summer instead of two weeks.Spelling1.digit2.deposit3.directory4.telecommunication5.extraoedinary6.graze7.conservationist8.urban9.essential 10.appeal 11.meadow 12.nuisancedentist decay silicon colony vaguedial slot directory telecommunication priorityregister conservation enterprise canyon grazedevastate comical ranger precipice fatalsticky bristle digit deposit acronymdelivery register wilderness enterprise lumberjackromantic geyser waterfall meadow geologybackpacker concession grizzly motel spout Translation1.The headmaster plays an important role in the effective administration of2.It is my mother who has the final say in family affairs.3.Biology, microbiology in particular, had fascinated him from hisearliest student days.4.Has she said anything that appeals to you especially?5.Under such complicated conditions, not one can tell who will win thenext election.6.Here is 100 pounds; that should cover all your expenses.7.the work of an engineer requires intelligence plus experience.B.—Listen, this is something you should read.-----Oh, yes? What’s that?-----It’s a warning to smokers.-----Another one? What does it say?-----It tells yo u to smoke a brand of cigarette from a “lower tar” group.-----But I always do.-----It also tells you to smoke fewer cigarettes. And it warns you not to inhale.-----They make it all sound very easy, but I’ve tried all that.-----It tells you to take fewer puffs from each cigarette and warns you not to smoke the cigarette to the end. Oh, and then it tells you too take the cigarette out of your mouth between puffs.-----Thanks for the warning. I’m sure you are right. I’ll give it a try.Unit 6vitamin prize-awarding ceremony ethics interfere association stoke surgical preliminary integrity substance manufacture seafarer remedy biochemist vaccinate ethics stroke surgical commentaviation administration accommodation inconvenient admirable uncharted ultimately refinedcereal polishT F T T F FI.dictationDictation AThere are three main kinds of food. Sugar and starch are grouped together as carbohydrates: they are found in bread, potatoes and rice. These are mainly energy-giving foods which the muscles and other tissues use. Fats are also energy-giving foods but do not give it as quickly as the sugars and starches as they have to be broken up in the liver and made into sugar before they can be burnt by the body. The other class known as proteins are the main solid part in all living cells. They are found in milk, meat and fish, and are necessary to the body too enable it to build new cells and repair old ones. For this reason growing children need more proteins than adults. As children are much more active than adults and use more energy for their size they need a lot of energy-giving foods, the carbohydrates. Children cannot get much of their energy from fat because it makes them unwe ll if they eat too much of it. A specially fine thing about the body is that it uses the things you like better than the things you do not like, so giving truth to the old saying “A little of what you fancy does you good”.B.As the number of people in the world increases, people face more and more serious problems. Food, clothing and shelter are what we need most, but we will not have enough materials to provide people with all the necessaries.How are we trying to avoid these problems? One solution is that we should have smaller families and lower the birth rate. Many nations have plans to limit their population. Another solution is that we should improve our food supply. Farmers are experimenting with ways to increase the amount of food that they grow on each piece of land. Another solution that may help is to plan places for people to live. Many countries are limiting the size of their large cities and trying to make people live in small towns and in the countryside.。