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IntermediateAccounting第九版教学设计

Intermediate Accounting 第九版教学设计1. 简介该教学设计旨在帮助学生掌握Intermediate Accounting 第九版的内容。

Intermediate Accounting是美国会计学专业的一门核心课程，也是会计学专业的重要基础课程。

本教学设计将以教学大纲、课程安排、教学方法、考核方式以及教学资源等方面进行详细阐述。

2. 教学大纲Intermediate Accounting 第九版的教学大纲主要包括以下几个方面的内容：•第1章会计准则、财务报表和财务陈述•第2章资产计量、收入识别和利润表•第3章费用、费用核算和成本•第4章资产分类和资产账面价值•第5章现金、短期投资和应收账款•第6章存货和中长期投资•第7章有形固定资产和无形资产•第8章负债和所有者权益成分•第9章报表分析3. 课程安排Intermediate Accounting第九版共有36个课时，每个课时45分钟。

教学内容将按照如下课程安排进行：章节课时数第1章 2第2章 4第3章 4第4章 3第5章 3第6章 5第7章 5第8章 5第9章 54. 教学方法本课程采用讲授、互动讨论、案例分析等多种教学方法。

•讲授：教师将会根据每个章节的教学大纲进行讲授，并将会以PPT课件和教学笔记的形式进行辅助。

•互动讨论：教师将会提供几个问题，要求学生通过思考和交流来回答问题。

•案例分析：教师将将根据真实的企业案例，对学生进行财务分析和解读。

5. 考核方式本课程的考核方式包括期中考试、期末考试以及课堂表现。

•期中考试：占总成绩的40%。

•期末考试：占总成绩的50%。

•课堂表现：占总成绩的10%。

包括出勤率、课堂表现、小测试和作业等要素。

6. 教学资源学生在学习该课程时，可以通过以下渠道来获得教学资源：•Intermediate Accounting 第九版教材•附加学习材料：包括PPT、教学笔记、案例分析、习题解答和答案等。

Intermediate Accounting 题库

Appendix A Derivatives QuestionsA-1Reflective thinkingA-2Reflective thinkingA-3AnalyticA-4Reflective thinkingA-5Reflective thinkingA-6Reflective thinkingA-7Reflective thinkingExercisesA-1Reflective thinkingA-2AnalyticA-3AnalyticA-4AnalyticA-5AnalyticA-6AnalyticProblemsA-1 AnalyticA-2 Analytic, CommunicationsA-3 AnalyticCasesA-1A-2A-3A-4QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSQuestion A-1These instruments “derive” their values or contract ually required cash flows from some other security or index.Question A-2The FASB has taken the position that the income effects of the hedge instrument and the income effects of the item being hedged should be recognized at the same time.Question A-3I f interest rates change, the change in the debt’s fair value will be less than the change in the swap’s fair value. The gain or loss on the $500,000 notional difference will not be offset by a corresponding loss or gain on debt. Any increase or decrease in income resulting from a hedging arrangement would be a result of hedge ineffectiveness such as this.Question A-4A futures contract is an agreement between a seller and a buyer that calls for the seller to deliver a certain commodity (such as wheat, silver, or Treasury bond) at a specific future date, at a predetermined price. Such contracts are actively traded on regulated futures exchanges. If the “commodity” is a financial instrument, such as a Treasury bill, commercial paper, or a CD, the contract is called a financial futures agreement.Question A-5An interest rate swap exchanges fixed interest payments for floating rate payments, or vice versa, without exchanging the underlying notional amount.Question A-6All derivatives, without exception, are reported on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities at fair (or market) value. The rationale is that (a) derivatives create either rights or obligations that meet the FASB’s definition of assets or liabilities and (b) fair value is the most meaningful measurement.Question A-7A gain or loss from a cash flow hedge is deferred as other comprehensive income until it can be recognized in earnings along with the earnings effect of the item being hedged.EXERCISESExercise A-1Indicate (by abbreviation) the type of hedge each activity described below would represent.Hedge TypeFV Fair value hedgeCF Cash flow hedgeFC Foreign currency hedgeN Would not qualify as a hedgeActivityFV 1.An options contract to hedge possible future price changes of inventory.CF 2.A futures contract to hedge exposure to interest rate changes prior to replacing bank notes when they mature.CF 3.An interest rate swap to synthetically convert floating rate debt into fixed rate debt.FV 4.An interest rate swap to synthetically convert fixed rate debt into floating rate debt.FV 5.A futures contract to hedge possible future price changes of timber covered by a firm commitment to sell.CF 6.A futures contract to hedge possible future price changes of a forecasted sale of tin.FC 7.ExxonMobil’s net investment in a Kuwait oil field.CF 8.An interest rate swap to synthetically convert floating rate interest on a stock investment into fixed rate interest.N 9.An interest rate swap to synthetically convert fixed rate interest on a held-to-maturity debt investment into floating rate interest.CF 10.An interest rate swap to synthetically convert floating rate interest on a held-to-maturity debt investment into fixed rate interest.FV 11.An interest rate swap to synthetically convert fixed rate interest on a stock investment into floating rate interest.Exercise A-2Requirement 1January 1 March 31 June 30 Fair value of interest rate swap0 $6,472 $11,394 Fair value of note payable$200,000 $206,472 $211,394 Fixed rate 10% 10% 10% Floating rate 10% 8% 6% Fixed interest receipts $5,000 $5,000 Floating payments 4,000 3,000 Net interest receipts (payments) $1,000 $2,000Exercise A-2 (concluded)Requirement 2January 1Cash 200,000Notes payable 200,000 To record the issuance of the noteMarch 31Interest expense ([10% x ¼] x $200,000) 5,000Cash 5,000 To record interestCash ($5,000 – ([8% x ¼] x $200,000)) 1,000Interest expense 1,000 To record the net cash settlementInterest rate swap [asset] ($6,472 – 0) 6,472Holding gain – interest rate swap 6,472 To record change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss - hedged note 6,472Note payable ($206,472 – 200,000)6,472 To record change in fair value of the noteJune 30Interest expense ([10% x ¼] x $200,000) 5,000Cash 5,000 To record interestCash ($5,000 – ([6% x ¼] x $200,000)) 2,000Interest expense 2,000 To record the net cash settlementInterest rate swap [asset] ($11,394 – 6,472) 4,922Holding gain – interest rate swap 4,922 To record change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss - hedged note 4,922Note payable ($211,394 – 206,472)4,922 To record change in fair value of the noteExercise A-3Requirement 1January 1 March 31 June 30Fair value of interest rate swap0 $6,472 $11,394 Fair value of investment$200,000 $206,472 $211,394 Fixed rate 10% 10% 10% Floating rate 10% 8% 6% Fixed interest payments $5,000 $5,000 Floating interest receipts (4,000) (3,000) Net interest payments $1,000 $2,000Exercise A-3 (concluded)Requirement 2January 1Investment in notes 200,000Cash 200,000 To record the investment of the noteMarch 31Cash 5,000Interest revenue ([10% x ¼] x 200,000)5,000 To record interestInterest revenue 1,000Cash ($5,000 – ([8% x ¼] x $200,000))1,000 To record the net cash settlementHolding loss – interest rate swap 6,472Interest rate swap [liability] ($6,472 – 0)6,472 To record change in fair value of the derivativeInvestment in notes ($206,472 – 200,000) 6,472Holding gain - hedged investment 6,472 To record change in fair value of the investmentJune 30Cash 5,000Interest revenue ([10% x ¼] x $200,000)5,000 To record interestInterest revenue 2,000Cash ($5,000 – ([6% x ¼] x $200,000))2,000 To record the net cash settlementHolding loss – interest rate swap 4,922Interest rate swap [liability] ($11,394 – $6,472)4,922 To record change in fair value of the derivativeInvestment in notes ($211,394 – 206,472) 4,922Holding gain - hedged investment 4,922 To record change in fair value of the investmentExercise A-4Requirement 1June 30Fair value of interest rate swap$11,394Fair value of note payable$220,000Fixed rate 10%Floating rate 6%Fixed receipts $5,000 ([10% x ¼] x $200,000) Floating payments (3,000) ([6% x ¼] x $200,000) Net interest receipts (payments) $2,000Exercise A-4 (concluded)Requirement 2Your entries would be the same whether there was or was not an additional rise in the fair value of the note (higher than that of the swap) on June 30 due to investors’ perceptions that the creditworth iness of LLB was improving. When a note’s fair value changes by an amount different from that of a designated hedge instrument for reasons unrelated to interest rates, we ignore those changes. We recognize only the fair value changes in the hedged item that we can attribute to the risk being hedged (interest rate risk in this case). The entries would be:June 30Interest expense ([10% x ¼] x $200,000) 5,000Cash 5,000To record interestCash ($5,000 – ([6% x ¼] x $200,000)) 2,000Interest expense 2,000To record the net cash settlementInterest rate swap [asset] ($11,394 – 6,472) 4,922Holding gain – interest rate swap 4,922To record change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss - hedged note 4,922Note payable ($211,394 – 206,472)4,922To record change in fair value of the note due to interestExercise A-5January 1Cash 200,000Notes payable 200,000 To record the issuance of the noteMarch 31Interest expense ([10% x ¼] x $200,000)5,000Cash 5,000 To record interestCash ($5,000 – ([8% x ¼] x $200,000))1,000Interest rate swap ($6,472 - 0)6,472Interest revenue ([10% x ¼] x $0)0 Holding gain - interest rate swap (to balance)7,472 To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on theswap, and change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss - hedged note 6,472Notes payable ($206,472 – 200,000)6,472 To record change in fair value of the note due to interestJune 30Interest expense ([8% x ¼] x $206,472)4,129Notes payable (difference)871 Cash ([10% x ¼] x $200,000)5,000 To record interestCash ($5,000 – ([6% x ¼] x $200,000))2,000Interest rate swap ($11,394 – 6,472)4,922Interest revenue ([8% x ¼] x $6,472)129 Holding gain - interest rate swap (to balance)6,793 To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on theswap, and change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss - hedged note 5,793Notes payable ($211,394 – 206,472 + 871)5,793 To record change in fair value of the note due to interestExercise A-6Requirement 1June 30Fair value of interest rate swap$11,394Fair value of note payable$220,000Fixed rate 10%Floating rate 6%Fixed receipts $5,000 ([10% x ¼] x 200,000) Floating payments (3,000) ([6% x ¼] x 200,000) Net interest receipts (payments) $2,000Exercise A-6 (concluded)Requirement 2Your entries would be the same whether there was or was not an additional rise in the fair value of the note (higher than that of the swap) on June 30 due to investors’ perce ptions that the creditworthiness of LLB was improving. When a note’s fair value changes by an amount different from that of a designated hedge instrument for reasons unrelated to interest rates, we ignore those changes. We recognize only the fair value changes in the hedged item that we can attribute to the risk being hedged (interest rate risk in this case). The entries would be:June 30Interest expense ([8% x ¼] x $206,472)4,129Notes payable (difference)871Cash ([10% x ¼] x $200,000)5,000To record interestCash ($5,000 – ([6% x ¼] x $200,000))2,000Interest rate swap ($11,394 – 6,472)4,922Interest revenue ([8% x ¼] x $6,472)129Holding gain - interest rate swap (to balance)6,793To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on theswap, and change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss - hedged note 5,793Notes payable ($211,394 – 206,472 + 871)5,793To record change in fair value of the note due to interestPROBLEMSProblem A-1Requirement 1January 1 December 312011 2011 2012 2013 Fixed rate 8% 8% 8% 8% Floating rate 8% 9% 7% 7% Fixed receipts $ 8,000 $8,000 $8,000 Floating payments 9,000 7,000 7,000 Net interest receipts (payments) $(1,000) $1,000 $ 1,000Requirement 2January 1, 2011Cash 100,000Notes payable 100,000To record the issuance of the noteDecember 31, 2011Interest expense (8% x $100,000)8,000Cash 8,000To record interestInterest expense 1,000Cash ($8,000 – [9% x $100,000])1,000To record the net cash settlementHolding loss–interest rate swap (to balance)1,759Interest rate swap (0 – $1,759)1,759To record the change in fair value of the derivativeNotes payable ($98,241 – 100,000)1,759Holding gain–hedged note 1,759To record change in fair value of the noteProblem A-1 (continued)Requirement 3December 31, 2012Interest expense (8% x $100,000)8,000Cash 8,000 To record interestCash ($8,000 – [7% x $100,000])1,000Interest expense 1,000 To record the net cash settlementInterest rate swap ($935 – [–1,759])2,694Holding gain–interest rate swap (to balance)2,694 To record the change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss–hedged note ($100,935 – 98,241)2,694Notes payable (to balance)2,694 To record change in fair value of the note due to interestProblem A-1 (continued)Requirement 4December 31, 2013Interest expense (8% x $100,000)8,000Cash 8,000 To record interestCash ($8,000 – [7% x $100,000])1,000Interest expense1,000 To record the net cash settlementHolding loss - interest rate swap (to balance)935Interest rate swap (0 – $935)935 To record the change in fair value of the derivativeNotes payable ($100,000 – 100,935)935Holding gain - hedged note 935 To record change in fair value of the note due to interestNote payable 100,000Cash 100,000 To repay the loanProblem A-1 (continued) Requirement 5Jan. 1, 2011Dec. 31, 2011BalanceDec. 31, 2012BalanceDec. 31, 2013BalanceProblem A-1 (continued)Requirement 6Income Statement + (-)2011(8,000) Interest expense(1,000) Interest expense(1,759) Holding loss – interest rate swap1,759 Holding gain – hedged note(9,000) Net effect – same as floating interest payment on swap 2012(8,000) Interest expense1,000 Interest expense2,694 Holding gain – interest rate swap(2,694) Holding loss – hedged note(7,000) Net effect – same as floating interest payment on swap 2013(8,000) Interest expense1,000 Interest expense(935) Holding loss – interest rate swap935 Holding gain – hedged note(7,000) Net effect – same as floating interest payment on swapProblem A-1 (concluded)Requirement 7Your entries would not be affected. When a note’s fair value changes by an amount different from that of a designated hedge instrument for reasons unrelated to interest rates, we ignore those changes. We recognize only the fair value changes in the hedged item that we can attribute to the risk being hedged (interest rate risk in this case). The entries still would be:Interest expense (8% x $100,000)8,000Cash 8,000To record interestInterest expense 1,000Cash ($8,000 – [9% x $100,000])1,000To record the net cash settlementHolding loss–interest rate swap (to balance)1,759Interest rate swap (0 – $1,759)1,759To record the change in fair value of the derivativeNotes payable ($98,241 – 100,000)1,759Holding gain–hedged note 1,759To record change in fair value of the noteProblem A-2Requirement 1CMOS has an unrealized gain due to the increase in the value of the derivative (not necessarily the same amount). Because interest rates declined, the swap will enable CMOS to pay the lower floating rate (receive cash on the net settlement of interest). The value of the swap (an asset) represents the present value of expected future net cash receipts. That amount has increased, as has the swap’s fair value, creating the unrealized gain. There is an offsetting loss on the bonds(a liability) because the fair value of the company’s debt has increased. Becausethe loss on the bonds exactly offsets the gain on the swap, earnings will neither increase nor decrease due to the hedging arrangement.Requirement 2CMOS would have an unrealized loss due to the decrease in the value of the derivative. Because interest rates increased, the swap will cause CMOS to pay the higher floating rate (pay cash on the net settlement of interest). The value of the swap (an asset) represents the present value of expected future net cash receipts. That amount has decreased, as has the swap’s fair value, creating the unrealized loss. There is an offsetting gain on the bonds (a liability) because the fair value of the company’s debt has decreased. Because the gain on the bonds exactly offsets the loss on the swap, earnings will neither increase nor decrease due to the hedging arrangement.Problem A-2 (continued)Requirement 3The unrealized gain on the swap and loss on the bonds would not be affected.When a hedged debt’s fair value changes by an amount different from that of a designated hedge instrument for reasons unrelated to interest rates, we ignore those changes. We recognize only the fair value changes in the hedged item that we can attribute to the risk being hedged (due to interest rate risk in this case).Because the loss on the bonds exactly offsets the gain on the swap, earnings will neither increase nor decrease due to the hedging arrangement.Requirement 4There would be an unrealized gain due to the increase in the value of the derivative. There is an unrealized loss on the bonds (a liability). However, the gain on the derivative would be $20,000 more than the loss on the bonds. Because the loss on the bonds is less than the gain on the swap, earnings will increase by $20,000 (ignoring taxes) due to the hedging arrangement, an effect resulting from hedge ineffectiveness. This is an intended effect of hedge accounting. To the extent that a hedge is effective, the earnings effect of a derivative cancels out the earnings effect of the item being hedged. All ineffectiveness of a hedge is recognized currently in earnings.Problem A-2 (concluded)Requirement 5There would be an unrealized loss due to a decrease in the value of the derivative,a liability to BIOS. Because interest rates declined, the swap would cause BIOSto receive the lower floating rate (pay cash on the net settlement of interest). The value of the swap represents the present value of expected future net cash payments. That amount has increased, as has the swap’s fair value, creating the unrealized loss. There would be an offsetting gain, though, on the bond investment because the fair value of the company’s investment has increased.Because the gain on the bonds exactly offsets the loss on the swap (a liability), earnings will neither increase nor decrease due to the hedging arrangement.Problem A-3Requirement 1January 1 December 312011 2011 2012 2013 Fixed rate 8% 8% 8% 8% Floating rate 8% 9% 7% 7% Fixed payments $ 8,000 $8,000 $8,000 Floating payments 9,000 7,000 7,000 Net interest receipts (payments) $(1,000) $1,000 $ 1,000Requirement 2January 1, 2011Cash 100,000Notes payable 100,000To record the issuance of the noteDecember 31, 2011Interest expense (8% x $100,000)8,000Cash 8,000To record interestInterest expense (8% x $0)0Holding loss–interest rate swap (to balance)2,759Interest rate swap (0 – $1,759)1,759Cash ($8,000 – [9% x $100,000])1,000To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on theswap, and change in fair value of the derivativeNotes payable ($98,241 – 100,000)1,759Holding gain–hedged note 1,759To record change in fair value of the note due to interestProblem A-3 (continued)Requirement 3December 31, 2012Interest expense (9% x $98,241)8,842Notes payable (difference)842 Cash (8% x $100,000)8,000 To record interestCash ($8,000 – [7% x $100,000])1,000Interest rate swap ($935 – [– 1,759])2,694Interest expense (9% x $1,759)158Holding gain–interest rate swap (to balance)3,852 To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on theswap, and change in fair value of the derivativeHolding loss–hedged note ($100,935 – 98,241 – 842)1,852Notes payable (to balance)1,852 To record change in fair value of the note due to interestProblem A-3 (continued)Requirement 4December 31, 2013Interest expense (7% x $100,935)7,065Notes payable (difference)935 Cash (8% x $100,000)8,000 To record interestCash ($8,000 – [7% x $100,000])1,000Holding loss–interest rate swap (to balance)0Interest rate swap (0 – $935)935 Interest revenue (7% x $935)65 To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on the swap,and change in fair value of the derivativeNotes payable ($100,000 – 100,935 + 935)0Holding gain–hedged note 0 To record change in fair value of the note due to interestNote payable 100,000Cash 100,000 To repay the loanProblem A-3 (continued) Requirement 5Jan. 1, 2011Dec. 31, 2011BalanceDec. 31, 2012BalanceDec. 31, 2013BalanceProblem A-3 (continued)Requirement 6Income Statement + (-)2011(8,000) Interest expense(2,759) Holding loss – interest rate swap1,759 Holding gain – hedged note(9,000) Net effect – same as floating interest payment on swap 2012(8,842) Interest expense(158) Interest expense3,852 Holding gain – interest rate swap(1,852) Holding loss – hedged note(7,000) Net effect – same as floating interest payment on swap 2013(7,065) Interest expense65 Interest revenue(0) Holding loss – interest rate swap0 Holding gain – hedged note(7,000) Net effect – same as floating interest payment on swapProblem A-3 (concluded)Requirement 7Your entries would not be affected. When a note’s fair value changes by an amount different from that of a designated hedge instrument for reasons unrelated to interest rates, we ignore those changes. We recognize only the fair value changes in the hedged item that we can attribute to the risk being hedged (interest rate risk in this case). The entries still would be:Interest expense (8% x $100,000)8,000Cash 8,000To record interestInterest expense (8% x $0)0Holding loss–interest rate swap (to balance)2,759Interest rate swap (0 – $1,759)1,759Cash ($8,000 – [9% x $100,000])1,000To record the net cash settlement, accrued interest on theswap, and change in fair value of the derivativeNotes payable ($98,241 – 100,000)1,759Holding gain–hedged note 1,759CASESReal World Case A-1Requirement 1When Johnson & Johnson indicates that it expects that substantially all of the balance of deferred net gains on derivatives will be reclassified into earnings over the next 12 months as a result of transactions that are expected to occur over that period, it is saying that these as-yet-unrecognized net gains will be included in net income.A gain or loss from certain hedges is deferred as other comprehensive income until it can be recognized in earnings along with the earnings effect of the item being hedged. Requirement 2A gain or loss from a “fair value”hedge is recognized immediately in earnings along with the loss or gain from the item being hedged. On the other hand, a gain or loss from a “cash flow”hedge is deferred in the manner described by Johnson & Johnson until it can be recognized in earnings along with the earnings effect of the item being hedged. The hedging transactions referred to by Johnson & Johnson might also include foreign currency hedges used to hedge foreign currency exposure to a forecasted transaction because they are treated as a cash flow hedge.Communication Case A-2Depending on the assumptions made, different views can be convincingly defended. The process of developing and synthesizing the arguments will likely be more beneficial than any single solution. Each student should benefit from participating in the process, interacting first with his or her partner, then with the class as a whole. It is important that each student actively participate in the process. Domination by one or two individuals should be discouraged.Hedging means taking an action that is expected to produce exposure to a particula r type of risk that’s precisely the opposite of an actual risk to which the company already is exposed. Under existing hedge accounting, if the contract meets specified hedging criteria, the income effects of the hedge instrument and the income effects of the item being hedged should be recognized at the same time.Arguments raised may focus on a variety of issues including:•Which hedges should qualify for special accounting? Hedges of risk of loss? Hedges that reduce the variability of outcomes?•Should treatment be different for fair value hedges and cash flow hedges?•Should only risk exposures arising from existing assets or liabilities qualify for special accounting? Should anticipated transactions be included also?•To what extent if any must there be correlation between the gains and losses on the hedge instrument and the item being hedged?•How should any deferred gain or loss be classified prior to recognition?Real World Case A-3The following is a copy of the 13-Week U.S. Treasury Bill Futures: Settlement Prices as of September 21, 2009:Daily Settlements for 13-Week U.S.Treasury Bill Futures (PRELIMINARY)Trade Date:OCT 09 - - - - UNCH 99.51 - -NOV 09 - - - - UNCH 99.47 - -DEC 09 - - - - UNCH 99.47 - -MAR 10 - - - - UNCH 99.37 - -JUN 10 - - - - UNCH 99.27 - -SEP 10 - - - - UNCH 99.27 - -TotalResearch Case A-4[Note: This case requires the student to reference a journal article.]Requirement 1According to the authors, the primary problems or issues the FASB was attempting to address with the standard are the following:∙Previous accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging was incomplete.Only a few types of derivatives used today were specifically addressed inaccounting standards. SFAS No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation, addresses forward foreign exchange contracts, and SFAS No. 80, Accounting for Futures Contracts, addresses exchange-traded futures contracts. Similarly, those twostandards were the only ones that specifically provided for hedge accounting.The Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) addressed the accounting for somederivatives and for some hedging activities not covered in Statements 52 or 80;however, that effort was on an ad hoc basis. Large gaps remained in theauthoritative accounting guidance. Accounting practice had filled some ofthose gaps on issues such as "synthetic instrument accounting" without anycommonly understood limitations on their appropriate use. The result of thisaccounting hodgepodge was that a) many derivative instruments were carried "off balance sheet" regardless of whether they are part of a hedging strategy, b) practices were inconsistent among entities and for similar instruments held by the same entity, and c) users of financial reports were confused or even misled.∙Previous accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging was inconsistent.Under the previous accounting guidance (FASB standards and EITFconsensuses), the required accounting treatment may have differed depending on the type of instrument used in hedging and the type of risk being hedged.For example, an anticipated transaction could qualify as a hedged item only if the hedging instrument was a nonforeign currency futures contract or anonforeign currency purchased option. Additionally, derivatives weremeasured differently under the previous accounting standards--futurescontracts were reported at fair value, foreign currency forward contracts atamounts that reflect changes in foreign exchange rates but not other valuechanges, and other derivatives unrecognized or reported at nominal amounts that were a small fraction of the value of their potential cash flows. Otherhedge accounting inconsistencies related to level of risk assessment(transaction-based versus entity-wide) and measurement of hedgeeffectiveness.Case A-4 (concluded)∙Previous accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging was complex. The lack of a single, comprehensive approach to accounting for derivatives andhedging made the accounting guidance very complex. The incompleteness ofthe FASB statements on derivatives and hedging forced entities to look to avariety of different sources, including the numerous EITF issues andnonauthoritative literature, to determine how to account for specificinstruments or transactions. Because there was often nothing directly on point, entities were forced to analogize to existing guidance. Because differentsources of analogy often conflict, a wide range of answers could often besupported, and no answer was safe from later challenge.∙Effects of derivatives were not apparent. Under the previous varied practices, derivatives may or may not have been recognized in the financial statements. If recognized in the financial statements, realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives may have been deferred from earnings recognition and reported as part of the carrying amount (or basis) of a related item or as if they arefreestanding assets or liabilities. As a result, users of financial statements found it difficult to determine what an entity has or has not done with derivatives and what the related effects were. It was difficult to understand how financialstatements could purport to present financial position without reporting thematerial benefits and obligations associated with derivative instruments. Requirement 2In considering the issues, the FASB made four fundamental decisions that became the cornerstones of the proposed statement. According to the article, those fundamental decisions were:∙Derivatives are assets or liabilities and should be reported in the financial statements.∙Fair value is the most relevant measure for financial instruments and the only relevant measure for derivatives.∙Only items that are assets or liabilities should be reported as such in the financial statements. A derivative loss should not be reported as an assetbecause it has no future economic benefit associated with it.∙Hedge accounting should be provided for only qualifying transactions, and one aspect of qualification should be an assessment of offsetting changes in fairvalues or cash flows.。

会计英文教材第一集

company (thgeeansesreatste),d thcreorutagihn interval, the the compbaunsyin’sess oampeoruatnitoonfs cash generated obligation(rse(vtheneues), tahnednceotnsumed by a
Understand the significance of the FASB’s conceptual framework in outlining the qualities of good accounting information, defining terms such as asset and revenue, and providing guidance about appropriate recognition, measurement, and reporting.
Cash From Fin 245,000
Net Increase $ 30,000
Beg. Cash
80,000
End. Cash $ 110,000
Income Statement
Revenues $12,443,000 Expenses 11,578,400 Net Income $ 864,600
Created to protect the interests of investors by ensuring full and fair disclosure.
Granted legal authority to dictate GAAP. Has tended to defer setting GAAP to the
7
Definition for Accounting

intermediate-accounting课件 (15)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.
Identify the key components of stockholders’ equity. Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares of stock. Describe the accounting for treasury stock. Explain the accounting for and reporting of preferred stock.
INTERMEDIATE
kieso weygandt warfield
team for success
Intermediat ACCOUNTING Intermediat e e Accounting Accounting
Prepared by Coby Harmon Prepared by Prepared by University of California, Santa Barbara Coby Harmon Harmon Westmont College SantaCoby University of California, Barbara University of California, Santa Barbara Westmont College
6.
7. 8. 9.
Describe the policies used in distributing dividends.

intermediate Accounting by Spiceland (1)

LO1-1
The Economic Environment and Financial Reporting
Capital markets provide a mechanism to help the economy allocate resources efficiently Initial market transactions involve issuance of stocks and bonds by the corporation
– Corporations receive new cash
Secondary market transactions involve the transfer of stocks and bonds between individuals and institutions
– Corporations receive no new cash
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) • GAAP is a set of both broad and specific guidelines that companies should follow when measuring and reporting the information in their financial statements and related notes • GAAP is set by standard setters but also emerges from practice • GAAP facilitates decision making by investors and creditors by helping them understand information and enhancing the comparability of that information among companies

Intermediate Accounting Canadian edition (1)

Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
9
Accounting and Capital Allocation
• The accounting profession has the responsibility of measuring a company’s performance accurately, fairly, and on a timely basis • These measurements enable investors and creditors to compare the income and assets employed by companies • Investors can then assess the relative risks and returns associated with companies
INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING
TENTH CANADIAN EDITION
Kieso • Weygandt • Warfield • Young • Wiecek • McConomy
CHAPTER 1 The Canadian Financial Reporting Environment
Copyright © John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. 14
Stakeholders in Financial Reporting
• Stakeholders: parties who have something at risk (stake) in the financial reporting environment • Key stakeholders include traditional users of financial information

IntermediateAccounting教科书上习题答案（byJDavidSpiceland）

IntermediateAccounting教科书上习题答案（byJDavidSpiceland）Chapter 7 Cash and ReceivablesQUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSAACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 6e with the following AACSB learning skills:Questions AACSB Tags Exercises (cont.)AACSB Tags 7-1Reflective thinking 7-11Analytic7-2 Reflective thinking 7-12Analytic7-3Reflective thinking 7-13Analytic7-4Reflective thinking, Communications 7-14Analytic7-5Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-15Analytic7-6Reflective thinking 7-16Analytic7-7Reflective thinking 7-17Analytic7-8Reflective thinking 7-18Diversity, Analytic7-9Reflective thinking, Communications 7-19Analytic7-10Reflective thinking 7-20 Reflective thinking7-11Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-21Analytic7-12Reflective thinking 7-22Analytic7-13Reflective thinking 7-23Analytic7-14Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-24 Analytic7-15Reflective thinking, Communications 7-25Analytic7-16 Reflective thinking7-26Analytic7-17 Reflective thinking7-27 Analytic7-18 Reflective thinking7-28 Analytic7-19 Reflective thinking, Communications7-29 Analytic7-20 Diversity, Reflective thinking7-30 Reflective thinking,CommunicationsBrief Exercises 7-31 Reflective thinking,Communications 7-1Reflective thinking CPA/CMA7-2Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-1Analytic7-3Reflective thinking 7-2Analytic7-4 Analytic 7-3Reflective thinking7-5Analytic 7-4 Analytic7-6Analytic 7-5Analytic7-7Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-6Analytic7-8Analytic 7-7Analytic7-9Analytic 7-1Reflective thinking7-10Analytic 7-2Analytic7-11Analytic 7-3Analytic7-12Analytic Problems7-13 Analytic 7-1Analytic7-14Reflective thinking 7-2Analytic7-15 Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-3Analytic7-16 Analytic 7-4 Analytic7-17 Analytic 7-5 AnalyticExercises7-6 Analytic 7-1Analytic7-7Analytic 7-2Analytic 7-8Analytic 7-3 Diversity, Analytic 7-9 Diversity, Analytic 7-4Analytic 7-10Analytic 7-5Analytic 7-11Analytic 7-6 Analytic 7-12Analytic 7-7 Analytic 7-13Analytic 7-8Analytic 7-14Analytic 7-9Analytic 7-15 Analytic 7-10AnalyticQUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSQuestion 7-1Cash equivalents usually include negotiable instruments as well as highly liquid investments that have a maturity date no longer than three months from date of purchase.Question 7-2Internal control procedures involving accounting functions are intended to improve the accuracy and reliability of accounting information and to safeguard the company’s assets. The separation of duties means that employees involved in recordkeeping should not also have physical responsibility for assets.Question 7-3Management must document the company’s internal controls and assess their adequacy. The auditors must provide an opinion on management’s assessment. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standard No. 5, which supersedes Auditing Standard No. 2, further requires the auditor to express its own opinion on whether the company has maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.Question 7-4A compensating balance is an amount of cash a depositor (debtor) must leave on deposit in an account at a bank (creditor) as security for a loan or a commitment to lend. The classification and disclosure of a compensating balance depends on the nature of the restriction and the classification of the related debt. If the restriction is legally binding, then the cash will be classified as either current or noncurrent (investments and funds or other assets) depending on the classification of the related debt. In either case, note disclosure is appropriate. If the compensating balance arrangement is informal and no contractual agreement restricts the use of cash, note disclosure of the arrangement including amounts involved is appropriate. The compensating balance can be included in the cash and cash equivalents category of current assets. Question 7-5Yes, IFRS and U.S. GAAP differ in how bank overdrafts are treated. Under IFRS, overdrafts can be offset against other cash accounts. Under U.S. GAAP overdrafts must be treated as liabilities.Answers to Questions (continued)Question 7-6Trade discounts are reductions below a list price and are used to establish a final price for a transaction. The reduced price is the starting point for initial valuation of the transaction. A cash discount is a reduction, not in the selling price of a good or service, but in the amount to be paid by a credit customer if the receivable is paid within a specified period of time.The gross method of accounting for cash discounts considers discounts not taken as part of sales revenue. The net method considers discounts not taken as interest revenue, because they are viewed as compensation to the seller for allowing the buyer to defer payment.Question 7-8When returns are material and a company can make reasonable estimates of future returns, an allowance for sales returns is established. At a financial reporting date, this provides an estimate of the amount of future returns for prior sales, and involves a debit to sales returns and a credit to allowance for sales returns for the estimated amount. Allowance for sales returns is a contra account to accounts receivable. When returns actually occur in the future reporting period, the allowance for sales returns is debited.Question 7-9Even when specific customer accounts haven’t been proven uncollectible by the end of the reporting period, bad debt expense properly should be matched with sales revenue on the income statement for that period. Likewise, since it’s not expected that all accounts receivable will be collected, the balance sheet should report only the expected net realizable value of that asset. So, to record the bad debt expense and the related reduction of accounts receivable when the amount hasn’t been determined, an estimate is needed. In an adjusting entry, we record bad debt expense and reduce accounts receivable for an estimate of the amount that eventually will prove uncollectible.If uncollectible accounts are immaterial or not anticipated, or it’s not possible to reliably estimate uncollectible accounts, an allowance for uncollectible accounts is not appropriate. In these few cases, any bad debts that do arise simply are written off as bad debt expense at the time they prove uncollectible.Answers to Questions (continued)Question 7-10The income statement approach to estimating bad debts determines bad debt expense directly by relating uncollectible amounts to credit sales. The balance sheet approach to estimating future bad debts indirectly determines bad debt expense by estimating the net realizable value for accounts receivable that exist at the end of the period. In other words, the allowance for uncollectible accounts at the end of the period is estimated and then bad debt expense is determined by adjusting the allowance account to reflect net realizable value.Question 7-11A company has to separately disclose trade receivables and receivables from related parties under U.S. GAAP, but not under IFRS.Question 7-12The assignment of all accounts receivable in general as collateral for debt requires no special accounting treatment other than note disclosure of the agreement. Question 7-13The accounting treatment of receivables factored with recourse depends on whether certain criteria are met. If the criteria are met, the factoring is accounted for as a sale. If they are not met, the factoring is accounted for as a loan. In addition, note disclosure may be required. Accounts receivable factored without recourse are accounted for as the sale of an asset. The difference between the book value and the fair value of proceeds received is recognized as a gain or a loss.Question 7-14U.S. GAAP focuses on whether control of assets has shifted from the transferor to the transferee. In contrast, IFRS focuses on whether the company has transferred “substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership,” as well as whether the company has transferred control. Under IFRS:If the company transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership, the transfer is treated as a sale.If the company retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership, the transfer is treated as a secured borrowing. If neither conditions 1 or 2 hold, the company accounts for the transaction as a sale if it has transferred control, and as a secured borrowing if it has retained control.Answers to Questions (continued)When a note is discounted, a financial institution, usually a bank, accepts the note and gives the seller cash equal to the maturity value of the note reduced by a discount. The discount is computed by applying a discount rate to the maturity value and represents the financing fee the bank charges for the transaction.The four-step process used to account for a discounted note receivable is as follows:1. Accrue any interest revenue earned since the last payment date (or date of thenote).2. Compute the maturity value.3. Subtract the discount the bank requires (discount rate times maturity valuetimes the remaining length of time from date of discounting to maturity date) from the maturity value to compute the proceeds to be received from the bank (maturity value less discount)./doc/2db73084591b6bd97f192279168884868762b8ba.html pute the difference between the proceeds and the book value of the noteand related interest receivable. The treatment of the difference will depend on whether the discounting is accounted for as a sale or as a loan. If it’s a sale the difference is recorded as a loss or gain on the sale; if it’s a loan the difference is viewed as interest expense or interest revenue.Question 7-16A company’s investment in receivables is influenced by several related variables, to include the level of sales, the nature of the product or service, and credit and collection policies. The receivables turnover and average collection period ratios are designed to monitor receivables.Question 7-17The items necessary to adjust the bank balance might include deposits outstanding (including undeposited cash), outstanding checks, and any bank errors discovered during the reconciliation process. The items necessary to adjust the book balance mi ght include collections made by the bank on the company’s behalf, service and other charges made by the bank, NSF (nonsufficient funds) check charges, and any company errors discovered during the reconciliation process.Answers to Questions (concluded)Question 7-18A petty cash fund is established by transferring a specified amount of cash from the company’s general checking account to an employee designated as the petty cash custodian. The fund is replenished by writing a check to the petty cash custodian for the sum of the bills paid with petty cash. The appropriate expense accounts are recorded from petty cash vouchers at the time the fund is replenished.Question 7-19When a creditor’s investment in a receivable becomes impaired, due to a troubled debt restructuring or for any other reason, the receivable is re-measured based on the discounted present value of currently expected cash flows at the loan’s original effective rate (regardless of the extent to which expected cash receipts have been reduced). The extent of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount of the receivable (the present value of the receivable’s cash flows prior to the restructuring) and the present value of the revised cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective rate. This difference is recorded as a loss at the time the receivable is reduced.Question 7-20No. Under both U.S. GAAP and IFRS, a company can recognize in net income the recovery of impairment losses of accounts and notes receivable.BRIEF EXERCISESBrief Exercise 7-1The company could improve its internal control procedure for cash receipts by segregating the duties of recordkeeping andthe handling of cash. Jim Seymour, responsible for recordkeeping, should not also be responsible for depositing customer checks.Brief Exercise 7-2Under IFRS the cash balance would be $245,000, because they could offset the two accounts. Under U.S. GAAP the balance would be $250,000, because they could not offset the two accounts.Brief Exercise 7-3All of these items would be included as cash and cash equivalents except the U.S. Treasury bills, which would be included in the current asset section of the balance sheet as short-term investments.Brief Exercise 7-4Income before tax in 2012 will be reduced by $2,500, the amount of the cash discounts.$25,000 x 10 = $250,000 x 1% = $2,500Brief Exercise 7-5Income before tax in 2011 will be reduced by $2,500, the anticipated amount of cash discounts.$25,000 x 10 = $250,000 x 1% = $2,500Brief Exercise 7-6Estimated returns = $10,600,000 x 8% = $848,000Less: Actual returns (720,000)Remaining estimated returns $128,000Brief Exercise 7-7Singletary cannot combine the two types of receivables under U.S. GAAP, as the director is a related party. Under IFRS a combined presentation would be allowed. Brief Exercise 7-8(1) Bad debt expense = $1,500,000 x 2% = $30,000(2) Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $25,000Add: Bad debt expense 30,000Deduct: Write-offs (16,000)Ending balance $39,000Brief Exercise 7-9(1) A llowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $ 25,000Deduct: Write-offs (16,000)Required allowance (33,400)*Bad debt expense $24,400(2) Required allowance = $334,000** x 10% = $33,400* Accounts receivable:Beginning balance $ 300,000Add: Credit sales 1,500,000Deduct: Cash collections (1,450,000)Write-offs (16,000)Ending balance $ 334,000** Brief Exercise 7-10 Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $30,000Add: Bad debt expense 40,000Deduct: Required allowance (38,000)Write-offs $32,000Brief Exercise 7-11Credit sales $8,200,000Deduct: Cash collections (7,950,000)Write-offs (32,000)* Year-end balance in A/R (2,000,000) Beginning balance in A/R $1,782,000*Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $30,000Add: Bad debt expense 40,000Deduct: Required allowance (38,000)Write-offs $32,000 Brief Exercise 7-122011 interest revenue:$20,000 x 6% x 1/12 =$1002012 interest revenue:$20,000 x 6% x 2/12 =$200Brief Exercise 7-13Assets decrease by $7,000:Cash increases by $100,000 x 85% = $ 85,000 Receivable from factor increases by($11,000 – $3,000 fee) 8,000Accounts receivable decrease (100,000)Net decrease in assets $ (7,000)Liabilities would not change as a result of this transaction.Income before income taxes decreases by $7,000(the loss on sales of receivables)The journal entry to record the transaction is as follows:Brief Exercise 7-14Logitech would account for the transfer as a secured borrowing. The receivables remain on the company’s books and a liability is recorded for the amount borrowed plus the bank’s fee.Brief Exercise 7-15Under IFRS, Huling would treat this transaction as a secured borrowing, because they retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Under U.S. GAAP, Huling would treat this transaction as a sale, because they have transferred control. Note, however, that in practice we would typically expect for the entity that has the risks and rewards of ownership to also have control over the assets, so we would expect these criteria to usually lead to the same accounting.Brief Exercise 7-16Brief Exercise 7-17Receivables turnover = $320,000 = 5.33$60,000*($50,000 + 70,000) 2 = $60,000*Average collection = 365 = 68 daysperiod 5.33EXERCISESExercise 7-1Requirement 1Cash and cash equivalents includes:a. Balance in checking account $13,500Balance in savings account 22,100b. Undeposited customer checks 5,200c. Currency and coins on hand 580f. U.S. treasury bills with 2-month maturity 15,000Total $56,380Requirement 2d. The $400,000 savings account will be used for future plant expansion andtherefore should be classified as a noncurrent asset, either in other assets orinvestments.e. The $20,000 in the checking account is a compensating balance for a long-term loan and should be classified as a noncurrent asset, either in otherassets or investments.f. The $20,000 in 7-month treasury bills should be classified as a current assetalong with other temporary investments.Exercise 7-2Requirement 1Cash and cash equivalents includes:Cash in bank – checking account $22,500U.S. treasury bills 5,000Cash on hand 1,350Undeposited customer checks 1,840Total $30,690Requirement 2The $10,000 in 6-month treasury bills should be classified as a current asset along with other temporary investments. Exercise 7-3Requirement 1: U.S. GAAPCurrent Assets:Cash $175,000Current Liabilities:Bank Overdrafts $ 15,000 Requirement 2: IFRSCurrent Assets:Cash $160,000(No current liabilities with respect to overdrafts.)Exercise 7-4Requirement 1Sales price = 100 units x $600 = $60,000 x 70% = $42,000Requirement 2Exercise 7-4 (concluded) Requirement 3Requirement 1, using the net method:Requirement 2, using the net method:Exercise 7-5Requirement 1Sales price = 1,000 units x $50 = $50,000Requirement 2。

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a. promotes productivity.
b. encourages innovation. c. provides an efficient and liquid market for buying and selling securities. d. All of the above.
Objectives of Financial Accounting
Financial Statements Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Stockholders’ Equity Statement of Cash Flows Note Disclosure
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
Financial Accounting and Accounting Standards
Chapter 1
Intermediate Accounting, 12th Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
Learning Objectives
1. Identify the major financial statements and other means of financial reporting. 2. List the objectives of financial reporting. 3. Explain the need for accounting standards. 4. Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process. 5. Describe the impact of user groups on the standard-setting process.
Parties Involved in Standard Setting SEC AICPA FASB GASB
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Issues in Financial Reporting Political Environment The Expectations Gap International Accounting Standards Ethics
a. To provide disclosure required by generally accepted accounting principles. b. To correct improper presentation in the financial statements. c. To provide recognition of amounts not included in the totals of the financial statements. d. To present management’s responses to auditor comments.
Investors, creditors, and other users
The process of determining how and at what cost money is allocated among competing interests.
Review
An effective process of capital allocation is critical to a healthy economy, which
SEC
Established by federal government
Accounting and reporting for public companies
Securities Act of 1933
Securities Act of 1934
Encouraged private standard-setting body SEC requires public companies to adhere to GAAP SEC Oversight Enforcement Authority
AICPA
National professional organization
Established the following:
Committee on Accounting Procedures 1939 to 1959 Issued 51 Accounting Research Bulletins (ARBs) Problem-by-problem approach failed Accounting Principles Board 1959 to 1973 Issued 31 Accounting Principle Board Opinions (APBOs) Wheat Committee recommendations adopted in 1973
Consult on major policy issues.
Issued by the FASB: Standards, Interpretations, and Staff Positions.
Financial Accounting Concepts
Emerging Issues Task Force Statements
Need to Develop Standards
users need financial information The accounting profession has attempted to develop a set of standards that are generally accepted and universally practiced.
Additional Information
President’s letter Prospectuses, SEC Reporting News releases Forecasts Environmental Reports Etc.
GAAP
Not GAAP
Review
What is the purpose of information presented in notes to the financial statements?
Economic Entity
Financial Information Identifies and Measures and Communicates
Financial Statements
Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Owners’ or Stockholders’ Equity Note Disclosures
Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting
Financial Statements and Financial Reporting
Accounting and Capital Allocation Challenges Objectives The Need to Develop Standards
GASB
Created in 1984 to address state and local governmental reporting issues. Financial Accounting Foundation Financial Accounting Standards Board Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council Governmental Accounting Standards Board Governmental Accounting Standards Advisory Council LO 6
LO 6
FASB
Wheat Committee’s recommendations resulted in the creation of a the Financial Accounting Standards Board in 1973. Selects members of the FASB Financial Accounting Funds their activities Foundation Exercises general oversight. Financial Accounting Standards Board Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council Mission to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting.
Parties Involved in Standard Setting
Four organizations:
• • • •
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB)
Financial reporting should provide information: (a) that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions. (b) to help present and potential investors and creditors and other users in assessing the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective cash receipts. (c) about the economic resources of an enterprise, the claims to those resources, and the effects of transactions, events, and circumstances that change its resources and claims to those resources.