2018届高三英语复习试题：专题三第二讲 词义猜测题 题型突破含解析
广东省惠州市华罗庚中学2018届高三英语第三轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测(共39张PPT)
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
1. It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
根据同义词
3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
取代
and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____.
2018年高考英语专题三 阅读理解 第二步 真题演练(三) 含答案
真题演练(三)[2015·江苏]AVisitor Code•Arrive with nothing that can harm New ZealandIf you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs.•Protect plants and animalsNever allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted.•Get rid of rubbishAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.，glass，paper) where possible.•Be considerate with other wasteIf using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.•Keep New Zealand’s water cleanBecause soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes and rivers.•Take care with fireAlways observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.•Camp or picnic carefullyWhen camping or picnicking，use facilities provided.•Keep to the trackKeep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.•Be considerateWhen driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.56．According to the Code，visitors should act .A．with care and respectB．with relief and pleasureC．with caution and calmnessD．with attention and observation答案 A解析推理判断题。
2018新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带问题详解)
2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________”in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
2018年高考英语全国卷3真题和答案解析 超级详细
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标III卷）英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
学科@网例：How much is the shirt？A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.1.What does John find difficult in learning German？A .Pronunciation. B. V ocabulary. C. Grammar.2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.3.Where does the conversation probably take place？A. In a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.4. What are the speakers talking about？A.A restaurant.B.A street.C.A dish.5.What does the woman think of her interview？A. It was tough.B. It was interesting.C. It was successful.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
全国2018届高三英语复习试题：专题三第二讲 词义猜测题 随堂训练 Word版含解析
A(2017·云南高三检测一)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m. On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady. She is small and slight. She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.I know this lady. It is by no means her first visit. Her daughter, Nicole, bought the house next door last October.Nicole, who is currently in Shanghai, has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.I know what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp. This has become an almostdaily occurrence.Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “ hello”. Once, she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen, which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，”I protested. “I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land, like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her, ”I said.“Oh, no，”Nicole said. “Don’t worry about that. She has to cook for the family anyway, and she wants to do it for you. You can call her Wing, which is her surname. ”The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well, so with her help, I have found out that Wing is 68—13 years younger than I am. For my part, I was raised in wartime Britain.So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the other’s language. But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing.Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words—it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.“Thank you”is, of course, the first one, which somehow seems inadequate.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。
2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题3 模式4 词义猜测题 含解析
模式4| 词义猜测题(对应学生用书第52页)单词、短语的含义单词表示的对象句子的含义代词的指代对象根据上下文猜测单词或短语的含义。
猜测单词(一般是名词)代表什么范畴的东西。
根据上下文猜测某个句子的含义。
根据上下文猜测代词it，they，that，these，those代指的人或物。
解题技巧1.利用针对性的解释，如定义、同位语、定语从句、重述等。
2.利用标点符号，如破折号、冒号、分号、引号后面的内容或括号中的内容。
3.利用文中列举的例子或给出的同义词、反义词等。
4.根据内文逻辑关系，如并列、对比、因果关系等。
5.根据构词法，如前缀、后缀、复合词等。
[典例1] (2017·江苏高考卷，B节选)Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule_the_roost．As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Ad v ances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world. 58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “________”．A．be the worstB．be the bestC．be just as badD．be just as good58.B[考查词义猜测。
2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破.pdf
2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破Step1猜测词义常见设问方式1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “’’？2.What does the author probably mean by “’’?in the contest means _____.3.The word “’’4.The term can be best replaced by _____.probably refers to ____.5.The word “’’refers to ______.6.As used in the line … the word “’’7.According to the passage, the word “’’is known as_____.to refer to ____8.The passage use the word “’’means____.9.According to the author, the underlined word “’’10.From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “’’means _____.在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。
做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。
因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。
Step2. 方法探究1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins foryears-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind usof what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive.Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means ______.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
2018年高考全国卷3英语试题答案解析
2018年高考全国卷（Ⅲ）英语试题解析版第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)AWelcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car： Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November. Admission ChargesHall & Gardens GardensAdults: £12.00 £8.00Groups £9 £5.5Producers: Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoyinga live music show and nice street entertainment.21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A. 20minutes.B. 25 minutes.C. 45 minutes.D. 90 minutes.22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?A. £l2.00.B. £9.00.C. £8.0D. £5.5023. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A. Producers' Market.B. Holker Garden Festival.C. National Garden Day.D. Winter Market.【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D【解析】文章为旅游指南。
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第二讲词义猜测题
题型1 猜测单词类
[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，‚But I’m just not creative.‛
27．What does the underlined word ‚downside‛ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Mistake. B．Drawback. C．Difficulty. D．Burden.
[解题思路]
第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词
①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.
②
I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__differen t__style__of__thinking.
第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined word...probably means____________．
(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word...? 2．‚文中信息”巧利用
(1)同义或定义解释法。
上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。
(2)因果推断法。
对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。
(3)前后对比法。
上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。
(4)语境理解法。
生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。
(5)基本构词法。
根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。
题型2 猜测短语类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the__water__catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
33．What does the underlined phrase ‚the water catcher‛ in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The tube. B．The still.
C．The hole. D．The cup.
[解题思路]
第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。
To__construct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to __dig__a__hole__four__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.
第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项
尝试解答____B____
[答题技巧]
1．识别题干关键
(1)The underlined phrase...could be replaced by____________．
(2)What does the underlined phrase...refer to?
2．‚语境分析”猜短语
短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。
首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。
3．明晰干扰选项特征
短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：
(1)短语的字面意思；
(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；
(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。
题型3 猜测指代类
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. 29．What does the underlined word ‚that‛ in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[解题思路]
第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句
It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.。