专题 1高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

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高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习

高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧和练习

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧与练习做阅读理解,最怕遇到生词,不仅影响文章的理解,也会拖慢阅读速度,而在阅读理解当中,生词又是不可避免的,如何解决呢?Part 1:知识点讲解1类属法即通过类属来推测词义。

如:■ Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.说明:从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物,同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。

2推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。

如:■Thatmuseum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in oneday.说明:既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。

■Everyoneagreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why sh e hadwon the beauty contest.说明:既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”,说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。

3列举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。

如:■Childrenlike such creatures as dogs and monkeys.说明:像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”,显然creatures的意思应是“动物”。

■In yourspare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, NewsWeek, or The New Worker.说明:periodical是生词,但根据其后所列举的例子,我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。

【高中英语】高考英语阅读理解备考 推测生词词义常用技巧

【高中英语】高考英语阅读理解备考 推测生词词义常用技巧

【高中英语】高考英语阅读理解备考推测生词词义常用技巧【高中英语】高考英语阅读理解备考推测生词词义常用技巧高考英语阅读理解中生词词义推断的一般技巧距离2021年高考实践证明,根据自己的英语基础和兴趣爱好选择恰当的材料,进行大量的阅读是学好英语的有效途径。

但是,阅读中不免会遇到生词或熟词生义,不可能也没有必要每个生词都去插词典,这就需要掌握猜测词义的方法和技巧了。

这里总结了17种词义推测的方法或技巧,但愿能对你有所帮助。

1.根据转向关系:转向关系是思想,但是,等等。

例如:anyfoolcanmakesoap,butittakesageniustosellit.(广东卷)但从中我们可以看出,天才是愚人的对立面,所以我们推测它的意思是“天才”和“天才”。

2.根据对比关系:表示对比关系的有标志词有unlike、not、while、ontheotherhand,inspiteof、incontrast等。

例如:如果你同意,说“是”;如果你不同意,说“不”。

根据前后的对比关系,不难猜出dissent是意思与agree相反,即:“不同意”。

3.相似关系的表达:相似关系。

表示比较关系的单词和短语包括相似、相似、justas、还等。

例如:mr.greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.同样地,它也表明了love total和新单词loquacious是同一类型的。

可以推断,饶舌这个词的意思是“健谈”。

4.根据因果关系:表示因果关系的有because,sothat,so/such…that…等。

例如:因为没有水,所以在高空中的水流是静止的。

由“无雨水”之因,可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。

因此,wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。

5.根据同位语:由于同位语是对前面名词的进一步补充,提供了更详细的信息,所以前面名词的意义也可以从同位语中推断出来。

例如:yes,thatisthetaimahal,oneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworld.(全国卷)从以下同位语的解释中,我们清楚地知道泰马哈是一座著名的建筑。

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧1 猜测词义S t e p I L e a d -i n1).高考真题再现One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless ”,“pitiful,”and “dying ”which sounded ominous. (2012.重庆)57. What does the underlined word “ominous ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Impossible.B. Boring.C. Difficult.D. Fearful.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath-perhaps not so noticeably out in mid –ocean,but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences,too; unimaginable quantities of creatures,little and large alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.(2013.重庆)70.What does the underlined word “symbiotic ” mean?A.Living together.B.Growing fast.C.Moving harmoniously.D.Breathing peacefully. 2).词义猜测题常用的提问方式有: 1. T h e w o r d “…” r e f e r s t o / p r o b a b l y m e a n s . / c o u l d b e s t b e r e p l a c e d b y ___. 2.T h e w o r d “…” i s m o s t l i k e l y t o m e a n ______. 3. W h a t d o y o u t h i n k t h e e x p r e s s i o n “…” s t a n d s f o r ? 4. T h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d “…” m e a n s ______. ...... S t e p II I n t r o d u c t i o n 1. D e fi n i t i o n 定义法 2. C o n t r a s t 对比法 3. S i m i l a r i t y 相似法4. C a u s e a n d e f f e c t 因果法5. E x a m p l e 例举法6. W o r d F o r m a t i o n 构词法7. C o n t e x t 上下文8. C o m m o n S e n s e 普通常识1. D e f i n i t i o n 定义法:一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧导语:阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。

下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧,大家一起去学习吧!猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典,查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。

我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查,因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

这种题常见的提问方式有:The word “…” in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….The underlined word “…” most probably means ….By saying “…”, the author means …The expression “…” is closest to …According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …The underlined part “… …” (in Para. … ) means …..做这种类型的题,要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。

因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。

命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,我们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境想当然。

猜测词义时,一般可利用以下三个方面的线索:一.针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。

这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义(definition)猜测词义如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题方法对于高考生而言,英语词汇量还是很有限的,想要完全通读高考英语试卷,还要会猜测词义。

猜测词义时,一般可利用以下四个方面的线索:一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。

这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义(definition)猜测词义如果生词有一个句子(定语从句或是同位语同位语前常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g.等或是同位语从句)或段落来定义,或使用破折号,冒号,分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

定义常用的谓语动词多为:be,mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to,signify 等。

例1.Doyou know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usuallythe male, claims(声称)as its own.(2005年湖北卷)[分析]由定义可推知,这里territory指的是:“动物的地盘”。

例2.Infact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.(2005年浙江卷)[分析]由同位语anendangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域:一种濒临灭绝野猫。

例3.Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign foodsuch as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . (2004年福建卷)Accordingto the passage ,The Pines is a .A.placein which you can see many mobile homesB.mountainwhere you can get a good view of the valleyC.townwhich happens to be near the Banff National ParkD.restaurantwhere you can ask for some special kinds of food[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句,我们可以推测到:The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字,由此不难推出理解题的答案为:D。

(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧

(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型,一种是推测某个生词的具体含义,是生词含义题;另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义,是代词指称题。

这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。

下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。

对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题,首先要着眼单词或短语本身,分析单词或短语的构成,分析其构词法,词根词缀,派生关系等信息,推测它的大概含义。

对于猜测句子的含义,有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。

有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义,但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀,特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义,而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。

高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下:根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。

《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。

1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析:anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。

2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析:simplified跟simple是同根词,带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。

高考英语阅读理解——词意猜测题解题技巧攻略学习课件

高考英语阅读理解——词意猜测题解题技巧攻略学习课件
●替代派:The underlined word “...”could best be replaced by... Which of the following words can take the place of the word“...”? What do you think the expression “...” stand for?
What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? C
A. Tested B. Separated C. Forced out D. Tracked down
12
eg4…all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018▪全国卷Ⅰ▪C)
●指代派:The word “...” refers to ...
7
2. 解题步骤
定位线索 推测词义 选择
8
3. 词义类解题方法
1. 上下文
指代关系、定义或释义、同位关系、逻辑关系、上下文 信息、同义或反义关系 、举例
2. 构词法(转化;合成;派生)
9
高考真题赏析
eg1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues
make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

高三专题高考英语阅读理解猜词题解答技巧

高三专题高考英语阅读理解猜词题解答技巧

教案【答案与解析】1.C under-estimate是一个派生词,根据构词法知识,under-estimate是在动词estimate前加上前缀under-(在……以下,低于……),因而under-estimate应该表示“低估”。

2.B workout是一个复合名词,它是由短语动词work out转换来的名词,短语动词work out用作及物动词性质,含有“解决, 设计出,计算出”,用作不及物性质,表示“锻炼,消耗完”,而名词workout也应该具有这些含义,根据单词所在句意分析可知这里表示“锻炼”,类似构成形式还有如break through→breakthrough(突破),break out→breakout(爆发),take off→takeoff(起飞), come in→income(收入),put out→output(输出,产出),stand out→outstanding(出类拔萃的,杰出的)等。

3.A vertebrates的含义,就可以根据后面which means these animals have a bony skeleton to surpport their bodies句子来分析理解其含义为“脊椎动物”因此答案选A项。

4.D spontaneous的含义可以根据该单词后面rather than planned in advance分析spontaneous与planned in advance相反,表示“没被计划过的,没有预先计划安排的” 因此答案选D项。

5.C pseudonym的含义可以通常对美国作家O. Henry所了解的文学常识来猜测,我们知道O Henry 是William Sydney Porter发表作品时所用的笔名,因此这里的生词pseudonym应该表示“笔名”。

6.A netgain 含义可以通过上下文内容中所提供的线索和暗示来判断,前面提到的lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs以及the state had a net gain of two million jobs句意分析可知其含义为“净增加”。

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Ex. 2
混乱
天生的
无辜的
◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
5. Example 例举法:利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
圆胖的,
4. Cause Effect 因果法:从原因推 测结果,从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
1. Definition 定义法
猜 测 词 义
2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-(极微小的) re- (再,反复) mis-(误,恶) im-(不) un-(不,非) in-(不,非) non-(不,非) -able(能…的 ) -less(不,无) -wards (向)
Can you guess the right meanings?
B. in accordance with the law C. against the law
happy--unhappy
D. having nothing to do with the law
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
micro+bus 微型公共汽车
This

◎ The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.
―Getting the cold shoulder‖ means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder– a ―cold‖ shoulder.
(n. 牧羊人)
●信号词:be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,----- (破折号)等.蚊子 沙漠
A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
Ex. 1
木匠
动物学家
脊椎动物
青春期
◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones.
(n. 电器用具)
装置
家禽
Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
1. Definition 定义法: 一般通过定义、定语 (从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。 It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
6. Word Formation 构词法:
英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀) 和词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分,表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原 词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头 和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了。
D. feeding you cold meat
2. Contrast 对比法: 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的 词(组)猜测词义。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等。
污秽的
节约的
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
A .a bird B.an animal C. a star
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near. (n. 猫头鹰) A .a bird B.an animal C. a star
2)
The children are looking at an ape at the zoo. A A.a kind of monkey B.a kind of tree C.a kind of bird C The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo. (n. 猿) A.a kind of monkey B.a kind of tree A C.a kind of bird
(adj. 大的)
因果关系
弹性的
混浊的
信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
The expression ―getting the cold shoulder‖ means ____.
A. being treated rudely by paying no attention to you B. greeting you friendly C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(v. 不同意)
3. Similarity 相似法:利用同义 词、近义词(词组)或相似的 结构猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
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