倒灰法打水泥塞工艺技术

[作者简介]　王红霞,女,工程师,长期从事试油测试技术研究工作。

倒灰法打水泥塞工艺技术王红霞　李　权　王永河(吉林油田分公司试油测试公司　吉林松原138000) 摘要　倒灰法打水泥塞工艺是利用抽汲绳将油管或专用装灰筒及倒灰工具下到预定深度,在1m 范围内上提下放数次,使倒灰孔打开,实现水泥浆从油管流入井筒,同时胶塞从护套中推入套管实现地层封堵。

与常规打水泥塞方法相比较,该工艺具有施工时间短、工序少、一次成功率高、成本低等特点。

经过现场试验,效果良好,在吉林油田已推广使用。

关键词　地层封堵　水泥塞　抽汲绳　吉林油田前 言在吉林油田,利用水泥塞封堵地层是一种主要方法,大约占油层封堵层总数的80%左右。

仅以2004年为例,全年采用水泥塞封堵地层总数为179层。

常规打水泥塞方法施工时必须下油管,然后利用泵车将水泥浆泵入井下,这种方法施工时间长,工作量大,对于亏空严重的地层,一次成功率低,给试油生产带来了沉重的工作负担。

倒灰法打水泥塞工艺是试油测试公司自行研制的一种地层封堵方法,它克服了常规打水泥塞方法的缺点,现场应用效果良好。

工艺组成及工作原理1.工作原理倒灰法打水泥塞工艺是利用抽汲绳将4～6根油管或专用装灰筒及倒灰工具下到井内预定位置,在井口将油管注入水泥浆。

下到预定深度后,在1m 范围内上下移动倒灰工具,上提到第6次时倒灰孔打开,实现水泥浆从油管中流入井筒,同时胶塞从护套中推入套管,将水泥浆和水隔离,预防混浆,实现地层封堵目的。

2.工艺组成及技术参数下井工具串如图1所示,从上到下的顺序为:抽汲绳,安全绳帽,带孔变丝,油管(或专用装灰筒),倒灰工具等。

其工艺主要包括四个组成部分,即地面记深和指重部分、控制面板和微处理器、井下倒灰工具、试压泵等。

(1)地面记深和指重部分该部分的作用是测量抽汲绳的下深、速度和拉力,并将抽汲绳的下放速度、深度及拉力通过编码器和电子拉力传感器转换成电信号传输给微处理器。

其结构示意图如图2所示。

该装置装卸方便、快捷,其主要技术参数如下:最大拉力负荷7t ;系统工作温度-20～50℃;拉力灵敏度30kg ;深度误差小于0.8m Π1000m ;工作电2007年12月 油　气　井　测　试 第16卷　第6期压24V 。

(2)控制面板及微处理器该部分的作用是接收通讯电缆信号,并进行分析计算。

可以设定系统的工作参数,可设定量轮直径、抽汲直径和报警深度,显示抽汲绳下深及其下放速度。

(3)井下倒灰工具该工具的作用是将油管内的水泥浆倒入套管。

工具下到预定深度后,利用抽汲绳在上下1m 范围内移动倒灰工具6次,经过6次换位后将倒灰孔打开。

油管内的水泥浆经过倒灰孔流入套管。

其结构示意图见图3。

主要技术参数如下:总长2m ;适合的套管内径为139.7mm ;工具最大外径<150mm ;在井内上下移动6次实现倒灰,每次移动距离1.0～1.2m 。

(4)试压泵试压泵的作用是验证水泥塞的质量。

最大工作压力30MPa ,排量10L Πmin 。

施工及试验结果1.施工程序(1)施工前认真检查倒灰工具,确保换位灵活可靠。

按要求连接好倒灰筒、装灰筒、安全绳帽及地面记深指重装置。

(2)倒灰工具下入到预定灰面以下30m ,确认井筒完好。

当倒灰工具在预定深度时,在井口附近的抽汲绳上做明显标记,确认深度的可靠性。

(3)起出倒灰工具,检查后重新下入井内。

(4)按设计要求配置水泥浆。

(5)将配置好的水泥浆灌入装灰筒,连接好抽汲绳后匀速下放。

在距预定深度100m 时缓慢(15m Πmin )下放到预定深度,再次确认深度的准确性。

(6)在1.0～1.2m 范围内上下移动倒灰工具至少7次后,缓慢(3m Πmin )上提井下工具至设计灰面以上,快速上提工具到井口,检查倒灰工具,确认水泥浆已经倒出。

(7)候凝6h 后,利用抽汲绳带加重杆或油管实探灰面深度。

(8)48h 后将井筒装满清水,安装采油树和压力表,用试压泵加压到要求压力值,验证水泥塞质量。

2.现场试验结果2004年,倒灰法打水泥塞工艺技术已现场实验15井次,一次成功率100%。

具体数据如表1所示。

表1　施工记录表井号施工日期(月.日)封堵层号封堵井段(m )灰面位置(m )试压结果西182000206.1416497.0～492.4481.6015MPa29min 不降红8506.25231780.3～1778.81536.8415MPa15min 不降星232407.0723610.6～608.6656.1015MPa17min 不降让4707.09111541.0～1537.61478.1915MPa25min 不降乾北2221508.05241956.8～1952.01935.0715MPa24min 不降让4808.0810、91652.0～1646.01608.9915MPa26min 不降乾1652108.1661774.4～1771.41765.7915MPa18min 不降花3709.04351894.1～1889.31879.6815MPa16min 不降乾1652609.13181899.8～1895.21855.7715MPa19min 不降让4909.17121608.0～1605.51588.7315MPa27min 不降乾1732209.21251918.6～1915.01897.0215MPa20min 不降乾1742109.2815、141871.2～1867.61845.0015MPa21min 不降乾北102810.17171918.6～1915.61888.9015MPa23min 不降乾19310.28362118.4～2115.01841.0815MPa22min 不降东78201011.0815469.6～467.4460.2915MPa28min 不降经过15井次的现场试验,地面装置及井下倒灰工具完全达到了设计参数的技术要求。

结 论倒灰法打水泥塞工艺施工时间短,与常规水泥塞方法比较,一次可节约10h ;利用倒灰法打水泥塞不需要下油管,不需要泵车和罐车,减少了施工工序和劳动强度。

对于亏空严重的地层,一次成功率高。

但它不适合于稠油井,并且打塞的深度受到抽汲长度的限制。

本文收稿日期:2007-09-10　编辑:王　军Oil T esting T ech at Floating Deck on Deep W ater.2007,16(6):38～39Y u Zhenhua(Hainan Oil&Gas Ex ploration B ranch Com pany,L iaohe Oilf ield)Concept of exploration for oil and gas reservoir and oil testing tech at floating deck on deep water are introduced,some aspects of tech2 nical feature of testing at deep water region,surface system to acquiring production,down hole and under water testing string,testing procedure which makes a technique preparation for exploration at deep water.K ey w ords:deep water,float deck,safety,under water testing stem,down hole testing stemAutom atic I ncreasing Pressure of Overb alance Perforating T echnology.2007,16(6):40,43Ran L inggang(Dow n Hole Operation Com pany,Huabei Pet roleum A dminist rative B ureau)Automatic increasing pressure of overbalance perforating technology is combining of high energy gas fracturing technology and com2 pound perforation techniques which realizes perforation under conditions of strong overpressure through reasonable and effective igni2 tion and pressure control means and by fracturing with high power gas to reform oil formation and increasing productivity.It is suits for low percolation reservoir and has advantages of equipment is simple,testing cycle is short which do little damage to formation.K ey w ords:exceed overbalance perforating,automatic increasing pressure,fracturingAn B rief I ntroduction of T esting T ech for Low Pressure and Low Percolation R eservoir of S antan Lake B asin in Tuha Oilf ield. 2007,16(6):41～43Zhang Bin(Development Depart ment,Tuha Oilf ield B ranch Com pany)According to features of low natural producing potential,low formation pressure and bad flowing capacity,and combining with crude oil property,study has been conducted on techniques of perforation,work system of well testing,testing pressure differential,reser2 voir treatment and flowing back,etc.A set of technique items which suits for oil testing work of this region has been summarized which makes a basis for acquiring testing data quickly and offers a liable foundation for reserve account.K ey w ords:Santanghu basin,low pressure and permeability reservoir,well testing technologyUsing the G round Pressure to Monitor and I nstruct Operation of Killing the Well.2007,16(6):44～45Chen Chaof eng(Ex ploration Com pany,Xinjiang Oilf ield Com pany),Chen L ing(Huaao S t raitened Xinjiang Karam ay Pet ro2 chemical Im port&Ex port Co.L td.),Ouyang Yanhui(Production and Technology Depart ment,Tarim oilf ield Com pany) According to unfail phenomena to kill the well of HP2HT,using ground monitoring technology combined with stratigraphic informa2 tion is suggested and the problem of killing operation to complex formation is solved supplemented by the accurate measurement of killing well fluid.By successful operation of J1001well,the feasibility of it is tested.K ey w ords:killing the well,ground surveillance,stratigraphic information,mud density,back pressureA B rief I ntroduction of Fracturing T ech by Authigenic H eat and Its Application.2007,16(6):46～48L iu Guibin,Hou Jichang,S un Qun,W ang Hongxia,W ang Hongwei(Dow nhole Operation Well,L iaohe Pet roleum A dminis2 t rative B ureau)Fracturing tech by authigenic heat can prevent heat exchange between fracturing fluid and formation causing wax precipitation of crude oil that avoids the second times of pollution to formation,solves the problem of cold harmfulness from fracturing fluid to reach the aim of increasing productivity.It opens up a new way to apply treatment for high condensate oil layer and,at same time,fills blank space in technique region of domestic chemical fracture and has a good popularizing prospect.K ey w ords:authigenic heat fracture,high condensate oil well,experiment,applicationR esearch of Optimization for Fishing and U nstuck T ech in Cline Well.2007,16(6):49～50,52W ang Qingchuan,Huang Jianqiang,Zhao Zhengx un,Zhang Guangjun(Dow n hole Operation Com pany,Huabei Pet roleum A dminist rative B ureau),L ong Xiaoyu,A i Daxin(No.10A rchitecture Com pany,S IN O PEC)Fishing job in cline well is confined by the well conditions,so the parameters of fishing operation need optimized.A practical method on back2off job is suggested which is easy to judge and conduct.A calculating method to determine mill sleeve length is presented and the optimizing principle is introduced combined with practice.Field examples prove that,on condition of safety,these methods are economical and efficient,realize fully fishing.K ey w ords:cline well,fishing and unfreezing,back off,technique,optimizationN ew T ech of Discerning Form ation W ater by Flowing B ack with H ydraulic Jet Pump.2007,16(6):51～52Zhao Xin(Dow nhole Operation Com apny,L iaohe Pet roleum A dminist rative B ureau)Formation water at Liaohe developing region takes NaHCO3as symbol.It is from big or small number of HCO321containment to de2 termine if producing formation or not.S o,it is difficult to discern water property from tech of flowing back with hydraulic pump. The method according to curve feature of HCO321containment with flowing back time is suggested which shortens unflowing cycle and lows operating cost at effectively.K ey w ords:hydraulic jet pump,HCO321,power pump,mixture fluid,formation waterT ech of C ement I nf illing Method to Set C ement Plug.2007,16(6):53～54W ang Hongxia,L i Quan,W ang Yonghe(Well Testing Com pany,Jilin Oilf ield)Tech of setting cement plug by infilling Cement is to send tube,cement filling sleeve and its tools to the predictive depth by swabbingrope.Hoisting or lowering rope for many times within 1meter is to open the cement infilling hole ,realizing that of cement slurry flowing to bore hole from tube ,meanwhile ,of the rubber plug being pushed in case to packer pared to conventional one ,this tech has features of short operating time ,less procedure ,high successful ratio once time and low cost.By field applications ,it is shows that its result is perfect and popularized in Jilin oilfield.K ey w ords :formation plug ,cement plug ,swabbing rope ,Jilin oilfield・Equipment &Soft w are ・Analysis for Adjustment of P ackaged Angle of Time G overnor TR Jar .2007,16(6):55,58L i Jiangtao ,L i Binjiang ,Yang Xinhua ,Min Bing (Dow nhole Operation Com pany ,Huabei Pet roleum A dminist rative B ureau )When making maintenance time governor of TR Jar ,the problem of adjusting packaged angle in 45°～60°is appeared usually.By ex 2ample of 95mm TR jar and calculation of it ,it is thought that by selecting type and number of washer according to number of its sl 2ot ,the scope of packaged angle of the jar can be reached.K ey w ords :tool ,jar ,packaged angleDevelopment of Import PCT Nitrogen Pump .2007,16(6):56～58Tian Ming ,Yang X ueben ,W u Guoz hou ,Zhou Yisong (Dow n hole Operation Depart ment ,Jiangsu Pet roleum A dminist rative B ureau )Systematical analysis on reasons for low filling pressure of nitrogen ,large cost and easy damage of the sleeve on daily production to im 2port PCT nitrogen pump ,developing thoughts are suggested and feasibility of them are verified in practice.The pressure of modified pump upgrades to 41.4MPa form 41.4MPa and cost of nitrogen and friction of sleeve are decreased obviously which sati 2sfies need of every pressure controlled tool.That not only low the cost ,but also raises pump efficiency.K ey w ords :nitrogen pump ,development ,difficult ,analysisDevelopment of Well T esting Data Process Soft W are and Its Application .2007,16(6):59～60N iu J unlin ,Xing Qinggang ,Hu Fangkun (N atural Gas Producing and S ale Cent re ),N iu J unsheng (N O .1Oil Production Factory )In order to achieve the goal that the well testing data transferring in time ,integrity and accurate ,on the basis of reserving originally possessed the function foundation of the kit software of the electronics pressure gauge ,a set of new management software which suits to the data processing currently is developed.It is realizes the functions of source data of electronic gauge communicating with com 2puter ,calculating process of testing data ,auxiliary analysis ,flow meter ,acquirement ,output chart ,data ,faraway data management and optimizes process procedure of well testing data.Content of this software system is rich and whose adoptability is much ,and is handy to operate and integrates with the practice greatly and satisfies to the need of on site of oilfield.K ey w ords :well testing ,software ,electronic gauge ,testing data ,application A B rief I ntroduction of H alliburton Surface Flow .2007,16(6):61～62Zhao Wenz hang ,L iu Huif en ,Dong Ping (Dow n hole Operation Com pany ,S hengli Pet roleum A dminist rative B ureau )Testing to high production well with high content of sulfur gas is related to problems of flow of high gas production ,erosion of sulfur materials which is a main task of the testing engineering at present.Utilizing surface flow of Halliburton and APR testing tools and anti 2sulfur tubing with special knot can solve this problem.The main equipment and incidents usually happening to the three phase sample and their solutions are introduced briefly.K ey w ords :well containing sulfur gas ,erosion of H 2S ,surface flow ,testing tech・Comprehensive Discussion ・T echnical R esearch on Stimulation for Production and I njection Well in Changqing Oilf ield and Its Application .2007,16(6):63～67W ang Chengw ang ,Fan Wenmin ,L u Hongjun (Oil &Gas Technical Research Institute ,Changqing Oilf ield Com pany )Changqing oilfield belongs to low percolation oil &gas filed ,some blocks of that reach situation of high water content and whose pro 2ductions decrease greatly with long term of development and formation bridge.By analyzing technical research of stimulation of pro 2duction well and injection well and its applied situation and combining with oil production situation ,some suggestions and the next step developing strategies have been proposed.K ey w ords :old well ,stimulation of production well and injection ,low permeability ,repeat fracturing ,acidizing ,broken down Overview of the Development of Acidizing T echnique for C rosslinked Acid .2007,16(6):68～71Jiang Jianf ang (School of Energy Resources ,China U niversity of Geosciences ),Jiang Jianf ang ,Yang Y uf eng ,Zhang Zhiyong ,S un Haicheng (L angf ang B ranch of RI PED )The paper reviews the progress of research and application for crosslinked acid at first.Then ,it summarizes the technical features of in 2situ crosslinked acid and surface crosslinked acid res pectively ,and analyzes their research trends and development potentials.Final 2ly ,it predicts the application prospects for the techniques of crosslinked acid in the future reservoir stimulation.K ey w ords :crosslinked acid ,acidizing ,progress of technology ,research trend ,application prospect572007年12月 油　气　井　测　试。