大学英语考试作文的主要类型及写作技巧

大学英语考试作文的主要类型及写作技巧第一节阐述对立观点型一、常见命题形式阐述对立观点型作文常见的命题形式是：1．有（些）人认为……；2．也有（些）人认为……；3．我的看法或观点。

在过去的大学英语考试作文写作中阐述对立观点型作文的出现频率是比较高的，例如：1．Spring Festival Eve (CET-4 2006.12)Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Spring Festival Eve.You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below（1）许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会；（2）但是有些人提出取消春节晚会；（3）我的看法。

2．Reading Selectively or Extensively (CET-4, 1999.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively?You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）有人认为读书要有选择；（2）有人认为应当博览群书；（3）我的看法。

3．Can Money Buy Happiness? (CET-4, 1995.01)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write no less than 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）；（2）也有人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of evil）；（3）我的看法。

4．Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Luck? (CET-4, 1998.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Brin g Good Luck? You should write at least 100 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:（1）有些人认为某些数字会带来运气；（2）也有些人认为数字与运气无关；（3）试说明你的看法。

5．Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? (CET-4, 2000.06)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: （1）很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……；（2）也有人持不同的意见；（3）我的看法和打算。

6．Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (CET-4, 2005.12)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:（1）名校校园正成为旅游新热点；（2）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同；（3）我认为……。

7．Is Failure a Bad Thing? （CET-4, 1992.01）Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in no less than 100 words on the topic Is Failure a Bad Thing?You should base your composition on the following outline (give in Chinese):（1）失败是常有的事；（2）人们对失败有各种不同的态度；（3）我对失败的态度。

如下表：常用句型1．开头部分常用句型A number of factors could account for….However/ On the other hand, there are still many people who won’t agree. They argue that…Besides/ In addition….However, others hold/ don’t believe/ think that…, for….It is one thing to insist that…, it is quite another to show that….It would be reasonable to take the view that…, but it would be foolish to claim that….People’s views/ ideas/ opinions/ arguments on/ about…vary from person to person. Some people think that….So mebody believes/ argues/ holds/ insists/ thinks that….The advantages of B are much greater than A.The change in…largely results from the fact that….There are several causes for this phenomenon/ problem/ typical subject:There is in fact one reason for us t o believe that….. .When it comes to/ When talking about/ When asked about…, different people will offer different views/ ideas/ opinions/ arguments/ answers.Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.2．发表自己的意见常用句型A recent investi gation indicates that….According to a latest study, it can be predicted….According to the statistics provided….All available evidence points to the fact that….All the facts suggest that….Although A has/ gains/ enjoys considerable/ enormous advantages/ strong points/ benefits of…, it cannot compete with B in….Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement.As a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides."As far as I am concerned, I agree with the first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument/ answer.As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that….As for me, I'm firmly convinced that…, for the following reasons:As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that… for the following reasons:As it is described that….As for me, I am in favor of the first/ second idea.Besides, we should not neglect that….Both A and B have several points in common.But it is a pity that….But the problem is not so simple. Therefore….But things are changing from person/ time/ place/ to person/ time/ place.Compared with A, B has/ gains/ enjoys much/ considerable/ enormous advantages/ strong points/ benefits of….Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that….Contrary to/ As opposed to generally/ commonly/ widely held/ accepted belief/ idea/ opinion/ view, I think/ believe/ argue that….Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.Examples given lead me/ us to conclude that….For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.For my part, I agree with the former/ latter opinion for the following reasons:History provides us with the examples of….However, the same is not applicable to….I agree with the above statement because I believe that….I am always amazed when I heard people saying that….I believe that the title statement is valid because (of)….In my opinion, this point of view doesn't hold water.It can be easily denied that….It has been illustrated that….It is generally/ usually believed tha….tIt is high time that we put considerable emphasis on….It i s not true that….It is true that…but the chief faults/ obvious defects are….It provides a good example of….It reveals the unquestionable fact that….Like anything else, it has its own disadvantages/ weaknesses/ drawbacks/ negative effects/ faults/ defects.Many experts point out that….My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, …. Secondly,…. Finally, ….My view/ idea/ opinion/ argument/ reason may be expressed as follows.Nobody can deny the fact that….None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way.Now more and more/ large numbers of people/ people in growing numbers are beginning/ starting/ getting/ coming to see/ understand/ know/ realize/ accept/ believe/ be aware of that….Oth ers may find this to be true, but I believer that….People used to think.., but things are different now.Perhaps I was questioned why….Personally, I am on the side of the former/ latter view/ idea/ opinion/ argument/ answer. For one thing, …. For another, ….The advantages/ strong points/ benefits of A are much greater than/ far outweigh those of B.The advantages/ strong points/ benefits of A are much greater than/ far outweigh its disadvantages/ weaknesses/ side-effects.The chief reason why…is that….The following are the reasons of/ for my choice/ personal inclination. First, while it is true that…, it doesn’t mean/ follow that…. Second…. Furthermore….The idea may be proved by facts….The reasons are as follows. First, there is an element of truth th at…but it doesn’t follow/ mean that….The same is true of….There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that….Another primary reason is that….There are two/ three reasons for …. In the first place/ On the one hand, …. In the second place/ On the other hand,…. Furthermore, ….T here is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to….There is no immediate solution to the problem of…, but…might be helpful.There is not sufficient evidence to show th at….There is no truth that….Therefore, the first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument/ answer doesn’t hold water/ can not bear much analysis/ can not stand up to close examination.We have no reason to believe that….We may cite another instance of….We may face the undeniable fact that….What is more serious is that….When it comes to…, the majority of people believe that….Wonderful/ Superior/ Good as…is, it brings us its own problems/ has its own disadvantages/ weaknesses.3. 转折部分常用句型A close/ careful inspection/ examination/ scrutiny of this idea/ view/ opinion/ argument would reveal how flimsy/ groundless/ fallacious it is.Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the first/ former/ second/ latter statement.Although it is commonly/ widely/ generally/ universally held/ felt/ accepted/ agreed/ acknowledged that…, it is unlikely to be true that….Although many people believe that…, I doubt/ wonder whether the idea/ view/ opinion/ argument can bear much analysis/ close examination/ can hold water.Among the most convincing/ important reasons/ factors/ aspects/ examples given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for…, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned.Different people have different attitudes towards…. Some are for/ in favor of/ favor…while others are against….However, …gives/ may give rise to a number of problems.However, just/ logical/ sound/ valid this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.I agree with the above statement because I believe/ hold/ maintain/ think/ argue that….I believe that the first/ former/ second/ latter statement is valid because (of)….In all the discussion/ debate over/ about…, one essential/ important/ basic fact is generally overlooked/ neglected.It is true that/ True,/ To be sure,/ Admittedly, …, but this is not to say/ it is unlikely/ it doesn’t follow/ it doesn’t mean/ it won’t be the case that….It would be inevitable/ possible/ natural/ reasonable to think/ believe/ hold/ maintain/ argue that…, but it would be absurd/ wrong to claim/ argue that….On the other hand/ As opposed to/ Contrary to/ widely/ commonly/ generally/ universally held/ accepted belief/ idea/ view/ opinion, I believe/ hold/ maintain/ think/ argue that….On the surface/ At first sight/ At first glance/ At first thought, it/ this may seem a sound/ an attractive suggestion/ solution/ answer/ way/ idea, but after careful consideration, we find that….People differ in their attitudes towards…. Faced with it, some of them…. Others, however, ….The advantages of…outweigh any benefit we gained from/ carry more weight than those of/ are much greater/ better than….The latest surveys show that….The main/ obvious/ great problem/ fact/ point/ flaw/ drawback/ disadvantage/ weakness/ negative effect/ harm/ danger with/ in this idea/ view/ opinion/ argument/ remark is that it is ignorant of/ blind to the basic/ bare fact that….The problem/ fact/ truth/ point/ flaw/ drawback/ advantage/ disadvantage/ strongpoint/ weakness/ positive effect/ negative effect/ harm/ danger is that….There is every reason for us to believe/ hold/ maintain/ think/ argue/ accept/ resist/ reject that….There is an element of truth in this idea/ view/ opinion/ argument/ remark/ statement, but it ignores a deeper and more important/ essential/ vital/ basic fact/ reason/ cause/ factor/ aspect that….This issue has caused wide public concern.This phenomenon/ idea/ view/ opinion/ argument/ remark/ statement has caused wide public concern in many places of the world.This phenomenon/ idea/ view/ opinion/ argument/ remark/ statement is now being questioned by more and more people.Too much emphasis placed on/ attention paid to/ importance attached to…may obscure/ overlook/ neglect other facts….We don’t have to look very far to see/ find out/ make out the truth of this phenomenon/ idea/ view/ opinion/ argument/ remark/ statement.4．结尾部分最常用句型A much better and brighter future waits for….Although…has/ have been dramatically changed over the past few years, it must be admitted that we hav e to face….Although…has/ have proved that…is/ are absurd, there is still something in….Although many…consistently maintain that….Although many people tend to…, an increasing amount of evidence shows that….An advantage of…is that….Anyone who/ which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.As far as I’m concerned, I’m for/ in favor of/ favor/ support the former/ latter/ first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument. Therefore, my conclusion is that….Based on what we have discussed above, we may draw/ come to/ reach/ arrive at the conclusion that….Consequently/ Personally, I’m in favor of the former/ latter/ first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument. Therefore, my conclusion is that….For those people who …, it is important to…. Just as an old say ing goes….From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that….From what has been discussed/ described/ mentioned/ said above/ Judging from/ By all the evidence offered/ Taking into account all these factors/ Consequently, we may come to/ arrive at/ reach/ draw the conclusion that/ we may conclude that….From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that….I believe/ predict/ suggest that….In accordance with/ According to Based on/ On the basis of what we have just discussed/ described/ mentioned/ said above, we may come to/ arrive at/ reach/ draw the conclusion that/ we may conclude that..In conclusion, I support the former/ latter/ first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument. Therefore, my conclusion is that….In conclusion, it is imp erative that….In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem/ phenomenon and exert every effort tosolve it thoroughly.In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem/ phenomenon and make our maximum contribution to help solve it.In conclusion, we must take into account this problem/ phenomenon rationally and place more emphasis on it.In conclusion/ In a word/ In short/ On the whole/ To conclude/ To sum up/ Therefore/ From the foregoing, it is clear/ obvious/ evident that….In my opinion, I’m i n favor of the former/ latter/ first/ second view/ idea/ opinion/ argument. Therefore, my conclusion is that….In summary/ brief/ short, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned problem/ phenomenon, more problems will crop up.In view of such a serious situation/ Against this background, strong measures should be taken to….It is high/ the right time that strict measures were taken to….I t is important to take actions to….It is necessary/ imperative/ essential/ important/ crucial/ vital for us to take effective measures to….It is necessary/ imperative/ essential/ important/ crucial/ vital that steps should be taken to….It is not what you say, but what you do that really counts.It is only through these measures that….It is the right time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the problem.It is suggested that…ought to make efforts to….It must be noted that….Let us work hand in hand to….Many people seem to overlook the basic fact that….Moreover, many people, including…, are beginning to believe that….No one can doubt the essential fact that….On account of the reasons above, we may come to/ reach/ draw the conclusion/ conclude that….On no account can we ignore the value of….On the whole/ In general/ Generally/ Generally speaking/ All in all/ By and large/ As a result/ In a word/ In short/ As a whole, ….People/ Experts/ Students in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that….Proper measures must be taken to….Since…is/ are around the corner, …is/ am/ are compelled to take strong measures to….Since it is unnecessary to…, we should not….So precious is…that we can't afford to waste it.Taking all these into account, we….The conclusion that can be drawn/ reached from all that has been discussed/ described/ mentioned/ said above is that….The idea/ view/ opinion/ argument/ remark/ statement has a great impact/ influence/ effect on….The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that….The vast majority of…believe that….There is no denying that….The re is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in….This is a matter of life and death－a matter nobody can afford to ignore.This issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people, especially for….This view has been shared now by more and more people/ experts/ students….Those who are in favor of…will….To conclude, it seems clear that….To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must….We cannot emphasize the importance of…too much.We must do more than identify the cause; it is imp ortant to take actions to….We should bring home to people….We should do our best to achieve our goal in….We should get into the habit of doing….We should not let the golden opportunity slip by. On the contrary, we should take hold of/ grasp/ seize/ hold/ grip fast any opportunity and face the challenge with determination/ confidence/ courage/ wisdom.We should spare no effort to….Whether it is good or not/ positive or negative, one thing is certain/ clear:With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.第二节说明利弊型一、常见命题形式说明利弊型作文常见的命题形式主要有两种：第一种是对某一事物的利或弊单方面发表看法；第二种是对某一事物的正反两方面发表看法。