大学英语美国文学考试复习范围
美国文学期末考试复习必备(精)
美国文学期末考试复习必备（精）1. What’s Puritanism?A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs?1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perseverance of the "saints"3. What are American Puritan values?Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period?A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters. Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period.B. in content: serving either god or colonial expansion or bothC. in form: imitating English literary traditions.D. in style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction.E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God.F. Simple, fresh and direct styleG. the Puritanism formed in this period was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.5.What are the features of Washington Irving’s works?(1) Gentility, urbanity, pleasantness (2) Avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining (3) Enveloping stories in an atmosphere (4) Vivid and true characters (5) Humor – smiling while reading (6) Musical language6. What is theme of “Rip Van Winkle”?①it reveals conservative attitude of Irving. ②it might be an illustration of Irving’s argument that revolution upset the natural order of things.A. The story of man who has difficulties facing his advancing age;B.The contradictory impulses in America toward work-the puritan attitude as opposed to America desire for leisure;C .The theme of escape from one's responsibilities and even one's history;D .The loss of identity.7. What are the author’s attitude changes?It reveals conservative attitude of Irving and he is Unwilling to accept a modern democratic America and prefers the past & a dream-like world 8. What’s New England Transcendentalism?Transcendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature in the 19th century. Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “the recognition（认知）in man of thecapacity of knowing truth intuitively（直觉地）”. Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and Nature.9. What are its basic assumptions?The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or sensical, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche with the world psyche also known as the Over soul, life-force, prime mover and God 10. What are Allan Poe’s poetics theories?The poetry should appeal only to the sense of beauty, not truth, and sets himself against realistic details in poetry. He makes good use of a number of poetic devices to create a mood appropriate to the theme of his poems.11. Why was Nathaniel Hawthorne a master of symbolism?He uses concrete objects as well as characters to serve as his symbols. He likes to uses masks, veils, shadows to give dramatic forms to the universal dilemmas of humanity12. What is the theme of Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter?It Condemned the Puritan philosophy of life.Sin, knowledge and human condition; the nature of evil; identity and society4. What is the symbolic me aning of the Scarlet Letter “A”?A.” Adultery", a token of shameB. a sign of Hester's "ability“C. "Angel" appearing in the skyD.”Adamic", since the sin is prehistoric and human E .the rising “America"13. What story is told in Moby-Dick?It is a thrilling adventure story which is the realistic about a whaling voyage within which is set a symbolic account of the conflict between man and his fate.14. What is the symbolic meaning of Moby-Dick?1) Mystery of the universe, 2) power of grant nature, 3) evil of the world 4) Its whiteness-paradoxical color: death and corruption, purity, innocence and youth.15. What are the popular themes of Emily Dickinson’s poetry? Death, love, friendship, nature, immortality.ment on the image of Huckleberry Finn?He is loyal, cheerful, fair-minded boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience, with the eventual victory of his moral conscience over his social awareness, Huck grows. Huck is not only a lovely boy in the novel, but also a portrait standing for the young America. Huck is not only a lovely boy in the novel, but also a portrait standing for the young America.17. What’s the social significance of him?Huck develops a different view of blacks through the story. It is not an instant change, but a gradual process. Huck himself undergoes a change; he stops accepting the social norms and instead follows his own beliefs. He acquires these beliefs after many adventures with the slave Jim. In thisway, Twain encourages people to be like Huck and not to accept the racism just because society accepts it.18. Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?A. Naturalism was greatly influenced by Darwin's evolutionary theory and French literatureB. Naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin's theory and used it to count for the behavior of those characters in literary works who are conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.C. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.19.What are the features of Frost’s poetry?1. Frost’s poetry mainly reflects life in rural New England2. His poems often shift dramatically from humorous tones to tragic ones3. Much of his poetry is concerned with how people interact with their environment4. Frost disliked free verse; He often wrote in the standard meter of blank verse20. What is the theme of “The Road Not taken” Individualism, Caution, Commitment, Accepting a ChallengeAnd “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”?The poem isprimarily oriented towards the pleasures of the scene and the responsibility of life.21.What are the features of modernist literature?A. Its strong and conscious break with traditional forms, perceptions and techniques of expression.B. Its great concern with language and aspects of its medium.22. What is “Lost generation”?Literally, it is the generation of people born between 1883 and 1900.They were disillusioned by World War I and displeased with American social values, sexual and aesthetic conventions, and established morality. They first fled to cities such as Chicago & San Francisco; then to Paris, London, Madrid, Barcelona, and Rome. They were full of youthful idealism and pioneered new ways of writing; they were devoid of faith and alienated from civilization.23. What is a typical Hemingway Code Hero?The Code Hero believes in “Nada,” meaning nothing. There is also no after life.•The Code Hero is an individualist and free-willed. He believes in courage and honor and has his own set of morals and principles based on his beliefs in honor, courage and endurance.• A code hero never shows emotions.• A code hero does not commit to women.• A code hero shows qualities such as bravery, adventure, and love of travel.• A code hero dislikes darkness. It symbolizes death and is a source of fear. The rite of manhood for the code hero is facing death.24.What is the theme of the short story “A Clean Well-LightedPlace”?Nothing (or nada) through the old man's unsuccessful suicide and the middle-aged man's soliloquy.25.What is the theme of The Great Gatsby?A sensitive and symbolic treatment of the themes of contemporary life related with irony and pathos to the legend of the "America dream" What kind of person is Gatsby?He is a poor youth from the Midwest and at last became a self-made wealthy man. Gatsby is the last romantic heroes and he is a mysterious figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a mind that embodies America itself.26.What are Faulkner’s famous novels? What are the features of his novels? "The sound and the Fury", "As I Lay Dying", "Light in the August", "Absalom, Absalom!" 2) On history and the problem of race; on folk human of the south; on horror, violence and abnormal to arouse moral outrage.1.Discuss Twain’s art of fiction2.A. Mark Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom,writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and is therefore known as a local colorist. B. He creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality. C. He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.D. He has created a special humor to satirize and the decayed convention.2 1). The story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850. Along the river floats a small raft, with two people on it: One is an ignorant, uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy, Huck Finn. The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and, more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best as he could, changes his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friend as well.2.) (theme)1) The Theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom”: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. 2) The novel is a criticism of social injustice, hypocrisy, conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society.3.Make a brief comment on Mark Twain’s achievements in this novel in 200-250 words.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, first published in 1876, is a child’s adventure story; it is also, however, the story of a young boy’s transition into a young man. In some ways, it is a bildungsroman, a novel whose principle subject is the moral, psychological, and intellectual development of a youthful main character. It is not a true bildungsroman, however, because Twain did not take Tom into full1. The hero of the novel through adventures with lively style to satirize the American hypocrisy of social custom, vulgar hypocrisy of religious rituals and inflexible stale school education2. "Tom Sawyer--with its strong deep local characteristics of humor and keen observation of the character, had become the greatest of the children's literature works, is a United States rural " golden era "4. 1)The Pequod-a symbol of doom（death);named after a Native American tribe in Massachusetts, did not survive the arrival of white men (extincted), is painted gloomy black and covered in whale teeth and bones 2) Moby Dick-unknown and unknowable truths, inscrutable, mysterious, mirrors its environment, only the surface of the ocean is available for human observation and interpretation, the depths conceal unknown truths--A metaphor for the human relationship with the Christian God: God is unknown and cannot be pinned down (defined). to the pequod’screw, Moby Dick is a concept onto which they can display their anxiety about dangerous and frightening jobs, to Ahab Moby Dick is a manifestation of all that is wrong with the world, It is his destiny to get rid of this symbolic evil 3)Queequeg’s Coffin sy mbolizes life and death.5. Try to discuss the theme of “The Minister’s Black Veil”.A. Sin and EvilB. History and AntiquityC. Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.D. Puritan New England - used as a background and setting in many tales.E. Other themes include individual vs. society, self-fulfillment vs. frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, and fate vs. free will, etc.。
美国文学期末复习资料(完美版)
Black humor(黑色幽默)：Black humor refers to the use of the morbid and the absurd in literature for darkly comic purpose. It carries the tone of anger and bitterness in the grotesque situations of suffering, anxiety and death. It makes readers laugh at the blackness of modern life. The representative novel of black humor in American literature is Joseph Heller’ Catch -22. 《第二十二条军规》Anti-hero （反英雄）:Ant-ihero refers to the chief person in a modern novel or play whose character is widely discrepant from that which we associate with the traditional protagonist or hero of a serious literary work. Instead of manifesting largeness, dignity, power, or heroism, the antihero is petty, ignominious, passive, ineffectual, or dishonest. The use of non-heroic protagonists occurs as early as the picaresque novel （流浪汉小说） of the 16th century, and the heroine of Defoe’s Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》is a thief and a prostitute （妓女）. The term ―antihero‖, however, is usually applied to writings in the period of disillusion after the Second World War. For example, Yossarian in Joseph Heller’s Catch -22.《第二十二条军规》Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake The only other sound ’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. 雪夜林畔小驻想来我认识这座森林，林主的庄宅就在邻村,却不会见我在此驻马，看他林中积雪的美景。
美国文学考试重点
美国文学考试重点美国文学考试的重点可以分为以下几个方面：1. 早期美国文学：- 殖民时期文学：包括早期殖民地的日记、信件和宗教作品等，如《普利茅斯纪事》和《普罗维登斯计划》。
- 紧随其后的大量宗教文学作品，如《新英格兰的校训》。
- 托马斯·佩恩的《常识》：这本书在美国独立运动中起到了重要的作用。
2. 美国文学的形成与发展：- 19世纪初的浪漫主义文学：如华盛顿·欧文的《睡美人和其他故事》和詹姆斯·菲尼莫尔·库珀的《最后的莫西干人》。
- 华尔特·惠特曼的《草叶集》：这本诗集在美国文学史上具有重要地位。
- 女性作家：如哈丽特·比彻·斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和艾米莉·迪金森的诗歌作品。
3. 20世纪的美国文学：- 现代主义文学：如欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》和威廉·福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》。
- 战争文学：如约翰·史坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和约瑟夫·海勒的《23个故事和一个司令》。
- 迈尔斯·杰克逊的《杀死一只知更鸟》：这是美国文学中一本重要的反种族主义作品。
4. 当代美国文学：- 现实主义：如托尼·莫里森的《亲爱的》和唐·德里罗的《百年孤独》。
- 同性恋与性别研究：如杰夫·艾斯特里奇的《中性国度》和艾美丽·P. 亨德森的《一个男小地方》。
此外，还需要了解美国文学的主要流派和文学理论，如现实主义、象征主义、后现代主义等，以及相关的文学批评方法。
最好的准备方式是广泛阅读美国经典文学作品并理解其背后的文化、历史和社会背景。
英美文学II期末复习范围
英美文学II期末考试题型和复习围题型分布：I. Multiple choice.〔20%, 2 points for each〕II. Matching. (10%, 1 point for each)III. Literary Terms. (20%, 4 points for each)IV. Literary Translation. (20%)V. Literary work analysis. (30 %, 15 per each)1.Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography(富兰克林自传); Poor Richard’s Almanac (穷理查年鉴)2.托马斯·恩〔Thomas Paine): the age of reason(理性时代); the American crisis(美国危机)3.华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving ：The Sketch Book〔见闻札记〕，a history of New York〔纽约外史〕4.James Fenimore Cooper〔詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏〕: 杀鹿者〔The Deerslayer〕最后的莫希干人(The Last of the Mohicans) ?探路人?The Pathfinder ?拓荒者?(The Pioneer) ?大草原?(The Prairie) the five novels prise (The Leatherstocking Tales)皮袜子故事集5.威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特〔William Cullen Bryant) :To a Waterfowl 致水鸟? ?死亡随想?(Thanatopsis)即英文“死亡观〞〔view of death〕的希腊文5.Nathaniel Hawthorne (纳撒尼尔·霍桑): 带七个尖顶的阁楼(The House of the Seven Gables ) 红字〔The Scarlet Lett er〕古宅青苔(Mosses from The Old Manse)The Marble Faun ?玉石人像?6.Herman Melville : 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔?白鲸?Moby-Dick ?泰比?Typee Omoo ?奥姆?Redburn ?雷德伯恩? ?白外套?White-Jacket ?水手比利·巴德? Billy Budd7.亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow) A Psalm of Life 人生礼赞The Song of Hiawatha(海华沙之歌) 我逝去的青春my lost youth The Slave’s Dream奴隶的梦8.沃尔特·惠特曼〔Walt Whitman) ?草叶集?〔Leaves of Grass〕9.哈丽叶特·比切·斯托〔Harriet Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋Uncle Tom's Cabin11. 马克·吐温〔Mark Twain〕: ?汉尼拔杂志?〔Hannibal Journal〕The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?汤姆·索亚历险记? 密西西比河上的生活Life on the Mississippi哈克贝利·费恩历险记?〔Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) ?镀金时代? the gilded age Innocents Abroad 〔流浪汉在外〕Missouri Courier Roughing It ?苦行记?12.O.Henry 欧·亨利?警察与赞美诗?〔The Cop and theAnthem〕13.Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯The American ?美国人? Daisy Miller?黛西·米勒? The Portrait of a Lady ?一位女士的画像? The Bostonians?波士顿人? The Wings of the Dove?鸽翼? The Ambassadors?使节? The Golden Bowl?金碗? 14.Jack London 杰克·伦敦Martin Eden,马丁·伊登The Call of the Wild ?野性的呼唤? The Sea Wolf ?海狼? White Fang?白牙?15.Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞: sister carrie?嘉莉妹妹? Jennie gerhardt?珍妮姑娘? An American Tragedy?美国悲剧?16.Ezra Pound 埃兹拉·庞德Hugh Selwyn Mauberley ?休·赛尔温·毛伯利? TheCantos?诗章?17. Edwin Arlington Robinson 埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊Richard Cory理查德·科里MiniverCheevy 米尼弗契维the house on the hill18.Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特: Mountain Interval ?山间? New Hampshire新罕布什尔州19.Carl Sandburg桑德堡: chicago fog20.Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯Anecdote of the Jar 坛子轶事21.Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特Prufrock and Other Observations普鲁弗洛克及其他? The Sacred Wood ?神圣的树林? The22.Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德: This Side of Paradise人间天堂The Beautiful and Damned 美丽与消灭Tender Is the Night 夜色温柔The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比23.Ernest Miller Hemingway欧斯特·米勒尔·海明威: The Sun Also Rises?太阳照样升起? A Farewell to Arms?永别了，武器? For Whom the Bell Tolls?丧钟为谁而鸣? The Old Man and the Sea ?老人与海?24.John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克: Tortilla Flat ?煎饼坪? Of Mice and Men?人鼠之间? The Long Valley 长谷The Grapes of Wrath?愤怒的葡萄?25.William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳: The Sound and the Fury ?喧哗与骚动? As I Lay Dying ?我弥留之际? Light in August ?八月之光? Absalom, Absalom! ?押沙龙，押沙龙！? Sanctuary ?圣殿? The Hamlet ?村子? Go Down, Moses ?去吧，摩西?26. EugeneO'Neill 尤金·奥尼尔: The Emperor Jones ?琼斯皇帝? The Hairy Ape?毛猿? Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂名词解释20个：1.Metaphor：隐喻A metaphor is a figure of speech that identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing for rhetorical effect, thus highlighting the similarities between the two. While a simile pares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and so does not necessarily apply any distancing words of parison, such as "like" or "as". A metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to other rhetorical figures of speech which achieve their effects via association, parison or resemblance - including allegory, hyperbole, and simile.2. ; Lost Generation ：迷惘的一代The "Lost Generation" was the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway, who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel,The Sun Also Rises.In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron. This generation included distinguished artists such as F. Scott Fitzgerald,[1]T. S. Eliot,John Dos Passos,Waldo Peirce。
美国文学考试资料(英文版)(doc 10页)
Part one:Answer: 1—60A,B,D,D,C/ D,A,B,A,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,B,D,CD A B D B/ A C B C D/ C D C D A/ B,A,C,A,DB,C,C,B,A/ D,A,B,D,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,A,D,C11.Hawthorne’s masterpiece, one of the greatest novels of the world is The Scarlet Letter.2.Emerson’s first startling book is Nature.3.Ralph Waldo Emerson is the chief spokesman of this spiritual movement ofTranscendentalism.4.Washington Irving is worth the honor of being “for his literary craftsmanship for his literarycraftsmanship.5.The colonial influence over American Romanticism made American Romantic writers moremoralize than their English counter-parts.6.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism: American Naturalism.7.In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, there were two thinkers theGerman Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud, whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period.8. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression.The theme of returning to nature could be read in Leather-Stocking Tales by Cooper.10. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is not true? DA. It's very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It's a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It's mainlyabout the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.11. Ezra Pound showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Bai into English.12. Eli ot’s first major poem (1917 The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock , has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.13. The Fitzgerald lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as The Roaring Twenties,The Jazz age andThe Dollar Decade.14. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel A Farewell to Arms15. The Grapes of Wrath tells the Joad family’s life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California.16. Faulkner wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old decaying upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of the “poor Whites”; and the Negroes who laboured for both of them.17. In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called stream of consciousness , in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of four characters.18. Faulkner’s novel The Sound and the Fury describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing the old social order, told from four different points of view.19. To Faulkner, the primary duty of a writer was to explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life. Therefore a writer should observe with no judgment whatsoever and reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum.20. Which of the following is right about American fiction from 1945 onwards?A group of new writers who survived the war wrote about their ideals within the artistic field.1. The Beat Generation is a large group including San Francisco writers, the name referred simultaneously_______, through drugs, and alcohol.• A. to their sense that society was worn out• B. to their interest in new forms of experience• C. to the rhythm of jazz2. In the Depression Age, John Steinbeck is the famous leftist for his sympathetic story about drifting farm laborers and factory workers.3. The 1940s saw the flourishing of a new contingent of writers, including R. P. Warren, A. Miller, T. Williams, K. A. Porter and E. Welty. All but Miller were from the South4. The Great God Brown fuses symbolism, poetry, and the affirmation of a pagan idealism to show how materialistic civilization denies the life—giving impulses to and destruction of the genuine art.5. The realistic schools led by Mark Twain and Henry James differ in their understanding of the truth6. Eliot’s first major poem (1917) has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.A. The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockB. The Waste LandC. Four QuartetsD. Preludes7. Which story is William Dean Howells’ masterpiece on the American spirit of the self-made man?A. A Modern InstanceB. The Luck of Roaring CampC. The Rise of Silas LaphamD. A Woman’s Reason8. Which of the following is depicted as the mythical county in William Faulkner'snovels?A. Cambridge.B. YoknapatawphaC. Mississippi.D.Tagliamento9. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.”This line is the shortest poem written by ______.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD.E. E. Cummings10. Which couple of the following are not written by Henry James?A. The Portrait of A Lady and The EuropeansB. The Wings of the Dove and The AmbassadorsC. What Maisie Knows and The BostoniansD. The Genius and The Gilded Age11. __________ is said to be a “historical novel”by Faulkner.A. Go Down, MosesB. Light in AugustC. Absalom, AbsalomD. The Sound and the Fury12. Which of the following is said of the American naturalists?A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of thestories.B. Their characteristic setting is usually an isolated town.C. Human should be united because they had to adapt themselves to changingharsh environment.D. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations ofinherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.13. The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered______.A. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the artistic truth and beautyB. an adventurous exploration into man's relationship with natureC. a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universeD. a simple whaling tale or sea adventure14. The American 30s lasted from the Crash, through the ensuing Great Depression,until the outbreak of the 2nd World War 1939. This was a period of _______.A. a new social consciousnessB. bleaknessC. important social movementsD. All above15. As to the great American poet Ezra Pound, which of the following statements is not true?A. His language is usually oblique yet marvelously compressed and his poetry isdense with personal, literary, and historical allusions.B. His artistic talents are on full display in the history of the Imagist Movement.C. From his analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poeticlanguage in concrete, perceptual reality, and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtaposition.D. For he was politically controversial and notorious for what he did in thewartime, his literary achievement and influence are somewhat reduced.16. Sinclair Lewis’ Babbitt presents a documentary picture of the narrow and limited ______.A. up-class mindB. middle-class mindC. proletarianD. ordinary people17. In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner makes best use of ______ devices in narration.A. romanticB. realisticC. gothicD. modernist18. American diction in the 1960s and 1970s proves to be different from itspredecessors. It is always referred to as “_______”.A. ImagismB. black humorC. new fictionD. the Beat Generation19. As an autobiographical play, O’Neill’s ______ (1951) has gained its status as aworld classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama.A.Long Day’s Journey into NightB. The Hairy ApeC. Desire under the ElmsD. The Iceman Cometh20. Tender Is the Night is a ______ by Fitzgerald.A. short storyB. novellaC. poemD. novel1. Which of the following notions is not of literature?A. local colorB. sub-consciousnessC. stream of consciousnessD. naturalism2. As Fitzgerald’s writing style is concerned, which of the following is true?A. The author dropped off the device of having events observed by a “centralconsciousness”.B. His intervening passages of narration leave the tedious process of transition tothe author’s imagination.C. His diction and metaphors are partially original and details accurate.D. The scenic methods are employed, each of which consists of one or moredramatic scenes.3. The Age of Realism in the literary history of the U. S. refers to the period from______ to ______.A. 1861—1914B. 1863—1918C. 1865—1914D. 1865—19454. ______ is not the representative writer in the Age of Realism in the literary historyof the U.S.A. Henry JamesB. Emily DickinsonC. William Dean HowellsD. Mark Twain5. ______ explores the scrupulous individualism in a world of fantastic speculationand unstable values, and gives its name to the get-rich-quick years of the postCivil War era.A. Innocents AbroadB. The Gilded AgeC. Roughing ItD. The Middle Year s6. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and theinfluence of the 19th century French literature and the American men of letters gave rise to another powerful school of realism of American literature: American ______.A. RomanticismB. TranscendentalismC. The Lost GenerationD. Naturalism7. In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, there were two importantthinkers, ______, whose ideas had the greatest impact on the writing of American modernist period.A. the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund FreudB. the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund FreudC. the Swiss Carl Jung and the American William JamesD. the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund Freud8. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poeticexpression.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. PlymouthD. Boston9. As the theme of New England Transcendentalism, returning to nature could be read in Walden by ______.A. CooperB. TwainC. IrvingD. Thoreau10. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is not true?A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.11. ________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Bai into English.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. T. S. EliotD.E. E. Cummings12.Psychological realists take the psychologist view that _______ shapes up the social life.A. subconscious instinctB. intuitive and self-reliantC. evil in human heartD. the circumstance of no freedom of choice13. The Fitzgerald lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money thanFitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It is this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as .A. The Roaring TwentiesB. The Jazz ageC. The Dollar DecadeD. All of above14. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell inlove with a nurse. They later became the characters of his novel .A. The Old Man and the SeaB. For Whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. A Farewell to Arms15. ______ tells the Joad family’s life from the time they were evicted from their farmin Oklahoma until their first winter in California.A. Of Mice and MenB. The Grapes of WrathC. The Great GatsbyD. For Whom the Bell Tolls16. In the first half of the 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering period which is called “_____”.A. the English RenaissanceB. the Second RenaissanceC. the American RenaissanceD. the Salem Renaissance17. In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called , inwhich the whole story was told through the thoughts of four characters.A. symbolismB. imagismC. the stream of consciousnessD. naturalism18. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ______.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism19. To Faulkner, the primary duty of a writer is to explore and represent the infinitepossibilities inherent in human life. Therefore a writer should ______.A. observe with no judgment whatsoeverB. reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimumC. observe at a great distance and sometimes participate in the eventsD. both A and B20. Which of the following just depicts the American fiction in the field of literaturefrom 1945 onwards?A. Black fiction began to attract critical attention during the 1950s.B. There appeared a significant group of Jewish-American writers whose workswere set against the Jewish experience and tradition.C. A group of new writers who survived the war wrote about their ideals, seekingvitality in more widely popular material.D. American fiction in the 1950s and 1960s proves to be a harvest which derivedfrom its predecessors.Answer: 1—60A,B,D,D,C/ D,A,B,A,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,B,D,CD A B D B/ A C B C D/ C D C D A/ B,A,C,A,DB,C,C,B,A/ D,A,B,D,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,A,D,CPart Two1. Leather-stocking Tales F. Cooper frontier literature2. The Portrait of a Woman H. James psychological realism3. The Sketch Book W. Irving American short stories4. The 22 Catch J. Heller fiction of black humour5. Leaves of Grass W. Whitman free verse6. The Sound and the Fury W. Faulkner the stream of consciousness7. The Call of Wild J. London leftist and muckraker8. Nature R. W. Emerson transcendentalism9. The Great Gatsby F. S. Fitzgerald T he Jazz Age10. The Grapes of Wrath J. Steinbeck Depression literature and mild leftist1. Howl A. Ginsberg the beat generation2. The Zoo Story E. Albee absurdist theatre3. The Purloined Letter E. A. Poe detective stories4. The Native Son R. Wright H arlem Renaissance and black novels5. The Scarlet Letter N. Hawthorne black vision6. The Sun also Rises E. Hemingway the lost generation and war novels7. Autobiography B. Franklin individualism8. The Waste Land T. S. Eliot imagist poetry9. Sister Carrie T. Dreiser naturalism10. Adventures of Huckleberry Fin M. Twain local colorismPart Three1. Who are the forerunners of American naturalism?2. Who is considered the representative of the American literary school of last century: the Lost Generation and what did these men of letters call themselves?3. Which four fictional schools successively came into being in the 20s, 30s, 40s and 60s of the 20th century?4. Who is the most outstanding novelist of the 30th decade of last century and what are his earliest best seller and his greatest book?5. Which names are always associated with the stream-of-consciousness?6. As the following naturalists’example, which two novels are Stephen Crane’s main works ?7. What four literary branches consist of the American realism?8. What skills of literary creation does the 20th century stream-of-consciousness of American literature often include?9. Which three periods consist of the main development of American literature?10. What special names are given to the 20s, 30s, and 50s of the 20th century?11. Who are the forerunners of the first three main branches of American realism?12. By what historical events are the three main periods of American literature briefly divided?13. What renaissances successively appeared in the development of American literature?14. What expressive forms does post-modernism have?15. During the South Renaissance, what literary schools was formed one after another by nearly the same key members?16. What are the three main branches of knowledge covered by the Course of American Literature?17. Which main literary schools played the role in American early modernism of the 20s to 30s of the 20th century?18. What features does romanticism have in its style?19. What are the features of expression of American Romanticism?20.Part Three answer1. A. Stephen Crane, B. Frank Norris C. Theodore Dreiser2. A. Ernest Hemingway, B. exiles/expatriates3. A. the Lost Generation fiction, B. the leftist fiction,C. the south fiction,D. the Beat Generation fiction4. A. John Steinbeck B. Of Mice and Men , C. The Grapes of Wrath5. A. William James, B. Henry James, C. Sigmund Freud,D. Carl G. Jung,E. James Joyce,F. T.S. Eliot,6. A.《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》 B.《The Red Badge of Courage》7. A. social realism, B. psychological realism, C. regionalism, D. naturalism8. A. interior monologue, B. free-association, C. multi-level structure9. A. the period of Romanticism, B. the period of Realism, C. the period of Modernism10. A. The Jazz Age, B. The Red Decade, C. The Timid Decade11. A. W.D. Howells for social realism, B. Mark Twain for regionalism,C. H. James for psychological realism12. A. the War of Independence—the Civil War, B. the Civil War—World War I,C. World War I—World War II—the end of last century13. A. the 1st American Renaissance in romantic period,B. the 2nd American Renaissance during the 20s—30s of the 20th century,C. the Harlem Renaissance during the 30s of the 20th century,D. the South Renaissance during the 40s of the 20th century14. A. black humor, B. fiction of absurdity,C. meta-fiction,D. avant-garde fiction15. A. Fugitives B. Agrarians C. The New Criticism16. A. the history of literature, B. reading of literary works, C. the criticismof literature17. A. the Lost Generation, B. muckraking realism, C. leftist naturalism18. A. imaginative fiction B. ideal emotion C. heroism D. musicality in lines E. gothic and supernatural atmosphere19. A. attention to mental states B. escaping from society and return to natureC. celebration of the landscape with its virginD. influence of puritan strict moral lawsPart FourThe source of New England Transcendentalism is both ________ and ____________.Transcendentalism advocates ________ and _______ of man and nature. Emerson’s _______ is honored as the declaration of transcendentalism and of independence of literature while The American Scholar as the ______ of Intellectual independence.Washington Irving is well known as a writer of ______ and his best ones collected in _______ are Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.James Cooper is well known as the early novelist whose famous stories are collected in his collection of novels: _________. The five collected long stories are his masterpieces that are good examples of the pioneering _______ of American literature.The early sprouting period of American literature is often divided into two halves of _______ and __________The puritans from England came to the new world on purpose to seek for freedom _______, freedom of speech and freedom _________. of religionTwo books by Franklin which is the most widely read are ________ and _________. Melville’s outlook on life was influenced by Hawthorne’s _______, Shakespearean tragic vision and Emersonian ________.Edgar Allen Poe was honored as a _______ of the new style of poetry and American ________, such as The Purloined Letter.Part Four answerAmericans Puritanism European romanticismharmony unityNature manifestoshort stories The Sketch BookThe Leather-stocking Tales west fictionliterature of colonial America literature of reason and revolution.of religion from wantPoor Richard’s Almanac Autobiography of Franklinblack vision Transcendentalismpioneer analyzing novel。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试复习大纲
英美文学（2）复习大纲1. Multiple Choices （30 points）基本的文学史实，包括不同时期文学的特点，主要作家的作品以及写作特点等。
2. Gap Filling (10 points)主要作家的代表作3. Definition of Terms (20 points)ImageryWords or phrases that create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind.American TranscendentalismAme rican Transcendentalism or “New England Transcendentalism” or “American Renaissance” is more of a tendency, an attitude, than the philosophy of Transcendentalists. To “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits. The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as the follows:Firstly, the Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirits, or the Over soul, as the most import thing in the Universe.Secondly, they stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual was the most important element of society.Thirdly, they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbol of the Spirit or God. Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. Transcendentalism is based on the belie f that the most fundamental truths about life and death can be reached only by going beyond the world of senses.As a philosophical and literary movement, Transcendentalism flourished in New England from 1830s to the Civil War. Its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Emerson and Thoreau.Free VerseFree Verse is a verse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern. Although most free verse belongs to the 19th and 20th centuries, it can be found in earlier literature, particularly in the Psalms of the Bible.NaturalismAn extreme form of realism. Naturalistic writers usually depict the sordid side of life and show characters who are severely, if not hopelessly, limited by their environment or heredity.ImagismIt is an influential literary movement that took place in Europe and America from about 1910 to 1920. The imagist poet creates a single sharp image that evokes an emotional response in the reader. Imagism was in a reaction to the “bad habits” of the 19th century poets who were too explicit in their commentary and too repetitious in their subjects, patterns, and meters.Local ColoristsA group of writers who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of specific regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, the other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. The major local colorists are Hamlin Garland, Mark Twain.Lost GenerationThis term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. When the First World War broke out, many young men volunteered to take part in “the war to end all wars” only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experience in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American literature, for example, Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, etc. They were basically expatriates who left America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression. They were later called by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, also expatriates, “The Lost Generation”.Hemingway HeroesThose protagonists in Hemingway’s fiction, who survive in the process if seeking to master the code known as “grace under pressure” with honesty, the discipline, and the restraint.American Puritanism1. The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)2. Strictness and austerity in conduct and religionAmerican Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. It has become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, rather than a set of tenets, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the Americans breathe. Without some understanding of Puritanism, there can be no real understanding of American culture and literature.The Jazz Agethe era that immediately followed World War I and lasted until the beginning of the Depression, during which jazz increased in popularity. It was a reaction to the austerity and hardship of the war and was characterized by extravagance and hedonism.4. Questions (22 points)Because I could not stop for DeathSong of MyselfThe Road Not TakenPactIn a Station of the Metro5. Topic Discussion(18 points)Summarize the story of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and comment on the theme of the novel。
美国文学复习提纲
第一部分殖民时期一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点）1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives 日记B、journals 游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：①their voyage to the new land ②adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops③about dealing with Indians ④guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。
④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。
⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of awrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
美国文学考试重点
1.The literature of colonial AmericaWilliam Bradford威廉·布拉德福德（1590年-1657年），五月花号公约签署人之一，于1620年参与创立了普利茅斯殖民地，并在长达30余年的时间里担任普利茅斯总督。
他所撰写的《普利茅斯垦殖记》是关于欧洲新世界殖民史的早期著作之一.Anne Bradstreet美国女诗人布莱德斯特律1612英格兰比安普敦～1672。
9.16,马萨诸塞湾殖民地安多弗美国最早写出真正有价值的英文诗歌的一位女诗人.她的宗教组诗《沉思集》(Contemplations）受到20世纪文学批评界的重视,被认为是一部不朽之作.《凡人的虚荣》（Of the vanity of all worldly creatures)、《灵与肉》(The Flesh and the Spirit）、《献给我亲爱的丈夫》（To My Dear and Loving Husband）、《人世正凋萎，万物有终极》（All things within this fading world hath end)、《心痛手颤写诗句》（With troubled heart and trembling hand I write)、《大卫对扫罗和约拿单的哀悼》(David's Lamentation for Sauland Jonathan）Puritan Thoughts美国清教主义从一开始就是一种精神运动，它不仅仅是一种宗教信仰,而且还是一种极端民主与共和的理论.清教徒在自己的祖国遭受迫害，对英国严酷的社会现实不满而移民到美国。
他们希冀按自己的意欲信仰上帝。
于是，他们致力于建立一个乌托邦式的重视伦理和精神生活的社会模式。
他们崇尚真正的自由——这种真正的自由涵盖了广泛的道德的含义。
他们把一切破坏和蔑视这种自由信念的行为一概斥责为对权威的亵渎.因此，他们认为自己是一群称之为美国人的新人,命定要建立一个新的世界，为人类建造一座“山上的光辉的城市”。
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美国题型及复习范围题型1.作家作品配对10个2.读课文选段，写出和作品名称和作家姓名共10段3.回答问题120 字4.评论题或问答题（250字）复习范围1.记住本学期学过的作家和主要作品。
见每课作者介绍。
2.阅读本学期课堂分析过的课文。
3.思考课后练习题，给出自己的解答。
（以下课后思考题作为复习重点，仅做重点，并非原题）Page 442. No. 3. 4.Page 477. No. 1.2.3.Page 492 No. 1. 2.Page 523 No. 1. 5Page 564. No. 1. 2.4.要熟悉并能应用以下主要的文学术语。
1. The Lost GenerationAfter the First World War, some young writers voluntarily left America and settled in Paris, and others who stayed behind felt themselves to be exiles in spirit. All of them were “outsiders” who observed America society and culture objectively, from distance and tried to create new types of writing. They shunned the false idea of success put forth by the social system. Hemingway and Pound have been the representatives of such writers.2. Modernist LiteratureModernist literature is formed by many different literary schools such as stream of consciousness. The common tendencies of them are the suspicion and denial of the western civilization, the exploration into the inner world and unconsciousness of men and the innovation and experiment of artistic technique. Modernists feel no connection with history or institutions. Their experience is that of alienation, loss, and despair.3. SymbolA symbol is a person, place, or thing comes to represent an abstract idea or concept -- it is anything that stands for something beyond itself.4. American Naturalism:Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, includingpoverty, racism, violence, prejudice, disease, corruption, and filth. As a result, naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being too blunt.5. ImagismImagism is the name given to a movement in poetry, originating in 1912 and represented by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images.6. The Black Literature ( Afro-American Literature )In the 40’s of 20th century , the literary works by Negroes was no longer ignored and now Afro-American literature with some famous black writers as Langston Hughes with his novel Native Son, which forces public attention on to the problems of black Americans. Gradually, the black literature has become an important part of American Literature.7. Stream of ConsciousnessDefinition: Stream of consciousness is characterized by a flow of thoughts and images, which may not always appear to have a coherent structure or cohesion. The plot line may weave in and out of time and place, carrying the reader through the life span of a character or further along a timeline to incorporate the lives (and thoughts) of characters from other time periods.Writers who create stream-of-consciousness works of literature focus on the emotional and psychological processes that are taking place in the minds of one or more characters. Important character traits are revealed through an exploration of what is going on in the mind.Also Known As: Interior MonologueStream of Consciousness is a narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a character’s mind. Lacking chronological order, the events in a stream of consciousness narrative are presented from the character’s point of view, mixed in with the character’s ongoing feelings and memories.The term "stream-of-consciousness" which was coined by William James in Principles of Psychology (1890) is used to indicate a literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspects of characters in fiction. It presents unspoken materials directly from the psyche of the characters, or make the characters tell their own inner thoughts in monologues The realm of life with which stream-of-consciousness novel is concerned is mental and spiritual experience, such as sensations, memories, imaginations, conceptions, intuitions, feelings and the process of association.Stream of consciousness writing is a variant of the third person point of view, in which the narrator relates only what is experienced by a character’s mind from moment to moment.Features of Stream of Consciousness1.Presents thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur.2.It shows a mind at work.3.It may contain parts that do not seen coherent because that are based on the free associationof ideas and feelings of an individual's mind.4.It is in 3rd person。