2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题1 第4讲 名词性从句
2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题4 把握三个复习着手点
把握三个复习着手点学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的单词或单词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等。
因此，在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。
1．学会查读(1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记；(2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)；(3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。
如：①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how；②时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally；③因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of；④比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead，on the contrary。
2．学会组织、表述信息(1)用名词所有格代替of。
如：the citizens' longer living代替the longer living of the citizens(2)词性转换。
如：原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways...转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university...(3)句子结构转换。
如：原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nation's workforce.转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit change；workforce proportion change(注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词)(4)另选其他词来释义。
【江苏专版】2019高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练 第1部分 专题1 第4讲 名词性从句 含解析
第四讲名词性从句1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．whatC．as D．thatD[考查主语从句.句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能.分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D 项.It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”.] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.A．That B．WhyC．Where D．HowC[考查名词性从句引导词的选择.句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可.分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”.] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．whatC．that D．whoB[考查名词性从句引导词的选择.句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备.我这个样子都是你一手造就的.”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me..类似的例子还有：He is no longer what (＝the one/person that)he used to be..what在此类句子中意为“……的，具有……特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that.]4．(2016·北京高考，24)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A．However B．WhoeverC．Whatever D．WhereverC[考查主语从句.句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要.无论你能做什么(whatever)，都会对我们有帮助.分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，所以C项whatever“无论什么”符合语境.however“无论多么”和wherever“无论在哪里”是关系副词，在句中作状语，可排除A、D两项；whoever“无论是谁，不管是谁”，不能作do的宾语，B项也可排除.] 5．(2016·北京高考，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A．what B．thatC．whether D．whyB[考查表语从句.句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰.分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导，所以选B项.]6．(2016·天津高考，11)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A．whether B．thatC．which D．whatB[考查同位语从句.句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手.要做的工作太多了.分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that.]【导学号：57732006】7．(2015·安徽高考，25)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ships are built for.A．what B．whomC．why D．whenA[考查表语从句的引导词.句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意.从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语.why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what.]8．(2015·浙江高考，6)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.A．what B．whoC．that D．whoeverA[考查宾语从句引导词的选择.句意：如果你在河里或者湖里游泳，一定要弄清楚水面下有什么.经常有岩石或者树枝藏在水里.分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导.who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分.]名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种.每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序.一、名词性从句的引导词He hasn't decided whether he will go there.Do you know who has got the first prize?What we need is more practice.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.When he will go abroad hasn't been decided yet.No one knew why he made such a mistake.二、名词性从句的类别1．主语从句(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他That he passed the driving test made us very happy.Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：It＋be＋adj.＋that从句；It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句；It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；It＋seem(appear，happen等不及物动词)＋that从句It is certain that you will pass the College Entrance Examination.It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.2．表语从句(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语＋系动词＋表语从句The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果.I think it's because you're careless.He was ill.That's why he was absent.(3)The reason why从句＋be＋that从句The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.(4)What从句＋be＋that从句What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句It looks as if it is going to rain.3．宾语从句(1)主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句主语＋动词＋介词＋宾语从句He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置.常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等.I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it.常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等.I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we.I don't think your answers are right.I don't believe she will attend the meeting.4．同位语从句(1)跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明.常见的名词有fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等.The fact that she is good at English makes her the right person for the job.I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.(2)同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句.Word came that our team had won the game.三、whatever，whoever，whichever的用法wh－ever引导名词性从句表示泛指，含有“任何……”之意，有时也表示疑问；而what，who，which则表示特指意义.Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished.I believe whatever he told me.I believe what he told me.I don't know however he got the secret.1．(2016·南京调研)Remember to read about any taboos related to clothing，especially if you plan to visit ________are considered holy.A．which B．whereC．what D．thatC[句意：记得要去阅读任何有关服装的禁忌，特别是如果你计划去游览那些被认为是神圣的地方.分析句子成分可知，动词visit后面为宾语从句.在宾语从句中，谓语动词are considered前面缺少主语，结合句意可知what符合题意.] 2．(2016·南通、连云港二模)Now all of our concentration is on________it is that the global environment will return to normal.A．which B．whatC．where D．whenD[考查宾语从句.句意：现在我们所关注的是全球环境何时能恢复到正常.on之后是宾语从句，从句不缺主语或宾语，而是缺少时间状语，用when，故选D项.此处when在强调结构中作被强调部分.]3．(2016·扬州一模)A recent survey shows that the question________New Year's Eve should be included in the three－day New Year's holiday sparked heateddiscussion among Internet users.A．that B．whetherC．how D．whereB[考查同位语从句.句意：最近的一项调查显示除夕是否该包括在新年三天假期中这个问题在网民中引发了激烈的讨论.question后为同位语从句，补充说明question的具体内容，whether符合题意.故选B项.]4．(2016·南京三模)How did it come about______a quiet person should appear so wild today?A．whether B．thatC．if D．whatB[考查名词性从句.句意：一个沉默寡言的人今天竟然如此野蛮，这是怎么回事啊？it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，从句结构和意义完整.故选B项.]5．(2016·泰州二模)—How do you find the new cellphone?—Oh，quite good.A new function has been developed on this new type________it can show you vividly what is around the person you are talking to.A．how B．whichC．what D．thatD[考查同位语从句.句意：——你觉得这款新手机怎么样？——哦，很好.在这款新手机上开发了一个新功能，能把正在跟你通话的人周边的环境生动地展现给你.从句意思、结构完整，应用that引导同位语从句来补充说明a new function 的具体内容.故选D项.]6．(2016·常州二模)The single most shattering statistic about life in America in the late 1990s was ________tobacco killed more people than the combined total of those who died from AIDS，car accidents，alcohol，murder，suicide，illegal drugs and fire.A．what B．whenC[考查名词性从句.句意：在20世纪90年代后期，在美国有一项关于生命的最令人震惊的统计是死于烟草的人数超过了死于艾滋病、车祸、酗酒、谋杀、自杀、非法毒品和火灾的总人数.was后是表语从句，从句是一个完整的句子，因此直接用that来引导.故选C项.]【导学号：57732007】7．(2016·苏、锡、常、镇二模)She is________is known as a nosy person—she is always dying to know what's going on in others' lives.A．what B．whoC．whom D．thatA[考查表语从句.句意：她是为人们所知的那种爱管闲事的人——她总是渴望知道其他人的生活中正在发生什么.________ is known as a nosy person为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除C项；that在名词性从句中没有意义，也没有句法功能，只能起引导作用，排除D项；此处谈论的是她的个性、性格，而不是指她是谁，排除B项.故选A项.]8．(2016·苏、锡、常、镇一模)Having a good command of the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary，because language skills affect________you perform academically.A．how B．thatC．what D．whenA[考查宾语从句.句意：精通你将去的那个国家的语言是必要的，因为语言技能会对你在学术上如何表现产生影响.affect后为宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语.故选A项.]9．(2016·盐城第一学期期中考试)A competent teacher is perfectly aware that it's not what is poured into a student that counts，but________ is planted.A．what B．thatA[句意：一位称职的老师十分清楚，重要的不是要向学生灌输知识，而是要让知识在学生的脑子里扎根.分析句子成分可知，本题考查主语从句.谓语is planted前面缺少主语，故what符合题意.]10．(2016·镇江第一学期期中考试)Many developers use Google Maps to show app users their locations and________close they are to their friends and restaurants.A．what B．whenC．how D．whereC[句意：很多软件开发商通过谷歌地图向使用其应用程序的用户显示后者在地图上的位置以及他们与朋友和餐馆的距离.分析句子成分可知，横线后面的句子是show的宾语从句.根据句意可知how符合题意.]11．(2016·苏北四市摸底)—It's difficult for corrupt officials to hide abroad nowadays.—That's it！The Chinese government will do ________ it takes to get them back.A．whatever B．whoeverC．whichever D．whereverA[答句句意：是这样的！中国政府将采取一切措施让他们回来.whatever 引导宾语从句，作will do的宾语，whatever在从句中作takes的宾语，即在it takes...to do sth.这个固定句式中作宾语.]12．(2016·南京、盐城一模)After investigation，the police found out one clue ________ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.A．where B．whenC．that D．whoseC[句意：调查后，警察发现了一个线索：那天有人听到了从某个非常遥远的地方传来的求救声.分析句子成分可知，one clue的后面为同位语从句.从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意.]13．(2016·南通第一次调研)Many netizens are impressed with the excuse given by a teacher for quitting her job ________ she owes the world a visit.A．because B．thatC．where D．whyB[句意：一位女老师的辞职理由是“世界这么大，我想去看看”，这给很多网民留下了深刻的印象.分析句子成分可知，本题为修饰excuse的同位语从句.同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，结合句意可知that符合题意.]14．(2016·苏州第一学期期末考试)As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man，“The highest possible stage in moral culture is ________ we recognize that we ought to control our minds.”A．that B．howC．where D．whenD[句意：正如查尔斯·达尔文在《人类的由来》中所写的那样，“人类在道德文化方面最高级的阶段，就是当我们认识到应当用理智控制思想时.”分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句.根据上文的stage意为“阶段，时期”可知，从句中缺少状语.结合句意可知when符合题意.]15．Massive open online courses provide a wonderful model of ________ we call high－tech learning，which helps students have access to web－based resources.A．which B．whyC．what D．howC[考查宾语从句.句意：大量开放性的在线课程提供了一个非常棒的我们称之为高科技学习的模式，这帮助学生们有机会利用网络资源.of后是宾语从句，从句中call后缺少宾语，应用what作call的宾语，故选C项.]。
2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题2 技法1 利用上下文暗示解题
专题二 完形填空
技法1| 利用上下文暗示解题
在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所
谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。
学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。
[典例1 (2015·江苏高考)I'm an ambitious __40__， and when I started going through chemo (化疗), even though I'm a very 41.positive person, I lost my drive to write.
40．A.reader B．writer
C．editor D．doctor
B[联系后文中的I lost my drive to write(我失去了写作的动力)可知，作者是一名作家(writer)。
reader读者；editor编辑；doctor医生。
]
[典例2](2014·江苏高考)Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50.confidence he needed.By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in __51__．
51．A.horse－riding B．football
C．speech D．farming C[联系前文“在大庭广众下演说”(Speaking before groups)可知，此处应表示在演讲(speech)中获得荣誉。
]。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题四 任务型阅读 第一节 技法点拨习题
专题四任务型阅读第一节技法点拨切脉近六年任务型阅读考察特色年份话题体裁词数考点原文词汇类变换词汇类归纳词汇类2021 艺术促使经济谈论文470 2 5 3 2021 人口变化说明文486 2 3 5 2021科技对人类生活的影响谈论文435 1 7 22021 不一样的人对新闻阅读的不一样期望及原由说明文436 3 5 22021 同龄压力谈论文410 3 7 /2021 认真尽责谈论文416 5 4 1考情剖析1．任务型阅读文章在体裁方面，以谈论文为主，兼备其余种类。
词数在400到500之间，选材新奇，话题切近实质生活。
要求考生熟习文章构造、写作特色，正确掌握文章要旨粗心、写作思路和作者的写作企图等等。
2．图表和阅读文章构造对应，练习中的图表——表格式和树状式都是依据阅读文章的篇章构造进行设计的。
阅读文章，经过其标题、构造和段落设置，能够展望到图表的构造设计；借助表格，我们能够更好地理解文章主题、构造和各细节的详细出处。
文章和表格互为增补，相辅相成。
在达成试题时，联合二者，能够更有效率地达成测试任务。
3．所设题型考察了考生对信息办理的多种能力，要求考生在理解文章的根基上，获取与所供给资料有关的信息，同时要按必定的要求，用特定的词汇进行信息输出。
在考察考生对直接信息的理解能力和获取能力的根基上，更着重考察考生对间接信息的获取能力以及语言归纳、表达能力。
在考察中，考生对句子的主谓一致、时态与语态、非谓语动词、固定搭配等语言规那么的理解和掌握的能力尤其重要。
4．文章难度大，题目设置难。
近四年的任务型阅读原文难度均比较大，同时题目设置也比较难。
即便文章粗心能读懂，也很难做全对。
2021,2021,2021的该题型成为英语试卷中的“难啃的骨头〞。
5．2021,2021,2021年高考任务型阅读题目使用了表格类，2021,2021,2021年的高考命题使用了树状图，不论是树状图仍是表格类，都不影响学生答题。
2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题2 技法3 利用词语习惯搭配解题
2
3
技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之
间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。
熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。
[典例1](2015·江苏高考)I __55__ to myself，“If he can do it, then so can I．”
55.A.promised B．swore
C．thought D．replied
C[联系后面的话可知，此处应该是作者自己的感慨：我心想，“如果他能做到，那么我也能。
”think to oneself是固定搭配，意为“心中想”。
promise承诺；swear发誓；reply回答。
]
[典例2](2014·江苏高考)He tried __42__ the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too 43.light．
42.A.on B．for
C．in D．with
B[此句表达他争取(try for)参加足球队，但因为其自身原因被教练拒绝了。
try for是固定搭配。
]。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题一 语法知识 第1讲 动词与动词短语习题
专题一语法知识第1讲动词与动词短语作为语法知识考察形式的单项填空是高考英语试卷的第一道题，假如能轻松拿下，就能带着一份明快的心情向后边的试题进发；假如在此卡壳了，将直接影响后边的发挥。
所以，精心备考单项填空十分重要。
切脉近三年江苏卷考点散布命题特色连续秉着“重申根基、着重能力〞的命题理念，语境清楚，题干简短，话题时髦，根本涵盖学过的词法知识和语法现象，主要考察了考生对名词、动词、形容词、介词、连词、时态语态、三大从句、非谓语动词、动词短语、情形社交等知识点的掌握状况。
题干语境信息丰富，着重在真切语境中语言的得体性考察。
词汇题只需词汇量过关根本不会失分。
只管语法对考生的语言理解及运用能力要求愈来愈高，但落脚点根本在骨干语法的根本用法上，没有偏题怪题，重申语法的表意功能，考生简单上手。
同时，在题干的话题方面，时效性很强，着重情形设置的多样性和真切性。
比方18年的题干选材就波及到了自动驾驶、电子媒介、国家软实力(China’s soft power)、睡眠健康、行为方式等。
在功能意念方面，包含了表达看法、提出建议、陈说事实等。
这种丰富、真切的情形有益于考察考生在多种情境中的综合语言运用能力。
备考策略1．与日俱增，厚积薄发单项填空题要识记的词法和语法工程包含：名词词义辨析；动词短语词义辨析；介词短语词义辨析；短句和谚语的意义等。
这些根基知识既涵盖了高中教材的全部知识点，又波及到英美国家平常生活中常用的语言现象，所以，在备考取要认真夯实根基，制定好合理高效的背诵方案并增强履行力。
2．深入发掘，全面掌握要着重对根基知识的掌握，特别是对动词时态、非谓语动词、从句的掌握。
只有全面、透辟地掌握根基知识，才能面对有关考点时“一锤定音，掷地有声〞。
3．历年真题，频频研习高考作为一个选拔性的考试，自有其严实性和系统性，正因为这两个特色决定了其命题的规律性。
事实上，语法考来考去就这么些知识点，用来用去就这么些语言现象，考生只需记着“考点不变，考察形式会变，以不变应万变〞。
2019届高考英语(江苏专版)二轮复习与策略讲练：第1部分 专题3 类型4 人物介绍
类型4| 人物介绍考查要点方法技巧1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。
2．人物的重大、有影响的经历。
3．人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。
4．人物成长的时代背景。
1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。
2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。
3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。
(2016·全国乙卷·A )You probably know who Marie Curie was ，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below ，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860－1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907－1964)If it weren't for Rachel Carson ，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present )When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School ，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ，in 1981，the first woman to join the U ．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many importantcases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913－2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A．Her social work.B．Her teaching skills.C．Her efforts to win a prize.D．Her community background.22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions.23．Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the U．S.?A．Jane Addams.B．Rachel Carson.C．Sandra Day O'Connor.D．Rosa Parks.24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A．They are highly educated.B．They are truly creative.C．They are pioneers.D．They are peace－lovers.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱。
【江苏专版】2019高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练 第1部分 专题3 类型4 人物介绍 含解析
类型4| 人物介绍(2016·全国乙卷·A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860－1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907－1964)If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913－2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，”said Parks.21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills.C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background.22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A．Her lack of proper training in law.B．Her little work experience in court.C．The discrimination against women.D．The poor financial conditions.23．Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the U．S.?A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson.C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks.24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative.C．They are pioneers. D．They are peace－lovers.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱.长难句解读：If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气.翻译：如果不是Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在.21．A[细节理解题.根据Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，故选A项.]22．C[细节理解题.根据Sandra Day O'Connor下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项.] 23．D[细节理解题.根据Rosa Parks下的“...it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项.]24．C[推理判断题.通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都在各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选C项.]A(2016·泰州第一学期期末考试)Ernest Hemingway was not only a commanding figure in 20th－century literature，but was also a_pack_rat．He saved even his old passports and used bullfight tickets，leaving behind one of the longest paper trails of any author.“Ernest Hemingway: Between Two Wars”，which opens on Friday at the Morgan Library & Museum，is the first major museum exhibition devoted to Hemingway and his work.The largest and most interesting section focuses on the 20's，Hemingway's Paris years，and reveals a writer we might have been in danger of forgetting：Hemingway_before_he_became_Hemingway．The exhibition does not fail to include pictures of the bearded，manly，Hem. He's shown posing with some kudu he has just shot in Africa and on the bridge of his beloved fishing boat，the Pilar，with Carlos Gutiérrez，the fisherman who became the model for “The Old Man and the Sea”．But the first photo the viewer sees is a big blowup of a handsome，clean－shaven，19－year－old standing on crutches.This is from the summer of 1918，when Hemingway was recovering from wounds at the Red Cross hospital in Milan and trying to turn his wartime experiences into fiction.The evidence at this exhibition suggests that，in the early days，he often wrote in pencil，mostly in cheap notebooks but sometimes on whatever paper came tohand.The first draft of the short story “Soldier's Home” was written on sheets he appeared to have snatched from a telegraph office.The impression you get is of a young writer seized by inspiration and sometimes barreling ahead without an entirely clear sense of where he is going.F．Scott Fitzgerald ( some of whose letters with Hemingway is also on view) famously urged him to c ut the first two chapters of “The Sun Also Rises”，complaining about the “elephantine fa cetiousness” of the beginning，and Hemingway obliged，getting rid of a clunky opening that now seems almost “meta”．In 1929，in a nine－page penciled critique，Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms”. Hemingway took some of these，but less graciously，and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.The papers at the Morgan show a Hemingway who is not always sure of himself.There are running lists of stories he kept fiddling with，and there are lists and lists of possible titles，including the 45 he considered for “Farewell”and 47 different endings for the novel.In display case after display case，you see Hemingway during his Paris years inventing and reinventing himself，discovering as he goes along just what kind of writer he wants to be.In a moving 1925 letter to his parents，who refused to read “In Our Time”，his second story collection，he writes: “You see I'm trying in all my stories to get the feeling of the actual life across—not just to describe life—or criticize it—but to actually make it alive.So that when you have read something by me you actually experience the thing.You can't do this without putting in the bad and the ugly as well as what is beautiful.”By the time the Second World War broke out，Hemingway had solidified into the iconic figure we now remember: Papa.Even J．D.Salinger calls him this.And a blustery，cranky Hemingway appears in 1949 when aboard the Pilar he grabs an old fishing diary and begins scrawling an angry letter to Harold Ross，the editor of The Ne w Yorker，complaining about Alfred Kazin's review of “Across the River and Into the Trees”，not，in truth，a very good book.But，Hemingway，often drinking and depressed，didn't know it，his best work was behind him by then.欧内斯特·海明威是20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物.本文介绍了于周五在摩根图书馆与博物馆开展的关于海明威及其作品的第一次大型博物馆展览.展览中最重头也最有趣的部分集中在20世纪20年代，海明威的巴黎岁月，它展示出一位我们有可能会忘记的作家——成为著名作家之前的海明威.1．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined words“ a pack rat” (Para.1)?A．a person who doesn't waste anythingB．a person who cannot be relied onC．a person who likes to collect rubbishD．a person who enjoys collecting thingsD[词义猜测题.根据第一段第二句可知，海明威是个收集狂.故选项D正确.a pack rat意为“收集狂，什么东西都不肯扔的人”.]2．How many of Hemingway's works are mentioned in this passage?A．4B．5C．6 D．7C[细节理解题.文中一共提到了六本海明威的作品，它们是《老人与海》、《士兵之家》、《太阳照常升起》、《永别了，武器》、《在我们的时代里》和《过河入林》.故选项C符合题意.]3．We can conclude from the Morgan show that sometimes Hemingway was a person ________．A．unconfident but full of inspirationsB．stubborn but full of enthusiasm about loveC．casual but full of heroismD．bad－tempered but full of strange habitsA[推理判断题.根据第四段末句和第六段首句可知，海明威是个不自信但又充满灵感的人.故选项A符合题意.]4．What does the writer truly mean by saying “Hemingway before he became Hemingway”？A．Hemingway wrote many masterpieces before he killed himself.B．Hemingway was once a war correspondent before he became a famous writer.C．Hemingway devoted all his strengths to writing before he won the NobelPrize.D．Hemingway kept exploring the world and adjusting himself before he became a commanding figure in literature.D[推理判断题.根据第二段第二句和第七段首句可知，摩根展中最重头也最有趣的部分集中在20世纪20年代，海明威的巴黎岁月，当时的海明威还不是一位著名的作家，那时他不断地重新塑造自己.所以，划线部分句子的意思是，海明威在成为20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物之前不断地在探索和自我调整.故选项D符合题意.]5．According to the Morgan show，readers are likely to see ________ in Hemingway's works.①tough men who can't be defeated②anti－war fighters③the dark side of the world as well as its beauty④love affairs between a man and a woman⑤the story of a family businessA．①③B．②④C．①⑤D．③⑤A[推理判断题.根据第三段第二句和第七段可知，《老人与海》中老渔夫的原型渔夫卡洛斯·古铁雷兹是不可战胜的硬汉.在第二本短篇小说集《在我们的时代里》中，海明威对父母说：“要体验到那些事物，就得把坏的、丑的和美好的东西都放进去.”以上就是读者从摩根展中看到的海明威作品里的东西.故选项A 符合题意.]【导学号：57732024】B(2016·山西省八校第一次联考)Seven－year－old artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad.Kieron is red_hot．People are saying that he could become an all－time great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up.The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other seven－year－olds.Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as c lose to the “young Picasso”．The talented boy described his show's sellout success as“brilliant”．“Painting is my favourite hobby but I like football as well，”said Kieron，who is so absorbed in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school.本文介绍了著名画家Kieron Williamson和他的水彩画.6．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ________．A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutesB．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutesC．painting landscapes as a child of sevenD．earning the most money for 16 watercoloursA[细节理解题.根据第一段可知，七岁画家Kieron Williamson仅仅在14分钟内就以17 000英镑的价格卖掉了他的16幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录.] 7．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean“________”．A．in bright colour and high temperatureB．in high feverC．very popularD．very smartC[词义猜测题.根据第三段可知，人们说他可能会成为一位伟大的画家，他们认为他的画会增值，因此他们都想要收藏他的画作为投资.由此说明Kieron 很受欢迎.]8．What is Kieron's work like according to the text?A．Strange. B．Outstanding.C．Ordinary. D．Common.B[推理判断题.根据第四段的第五句和第六句可知，他的作品与众不同，给人以深刻的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的.由此可知他的画非常出色.]9．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ________．A．by himself B．from his parentsC．by copying Picasso D．from his teacherA[推理判断题.Kieron在Devon和Cornwall度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索.全文没提到他的老师，所以推断他是自学绘画的.]。
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第四讲 名词性从句1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．whatC．as D．thatD [考查主语从句。
句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。
分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。
It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。
] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.A．That B．WhyC．Where D．HowC [考查名词性从句引导词的选择。
句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。
分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai 的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。
] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．whatC．that D．whoB [考查名词性从句引导词的选择。
句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。
我这个样子都是你一手造就的。
”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
类似的例子还有：He is no longer what (＝the one/person that)he used to be.。
what在此类句子中意为“……的，具有……特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that。
]4．(2016·北京高考，24)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A．However B．WhoeverC．Whatever D．WhereverC [考查主语从句。
句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。
无论你能做什么(whatever)，都会对我们有帮助。
分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，所以C项whatever“无论什么”符合语境。
however“无论多么”和wherever“无论在哪里”是关系副词，在句中作状语，可排除A、D两项；whoever“无论是谁，不管是谁”，不能作do的宾语，B项也可排除。
]5．(2016·北京高考，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A．what B．thatC．whether D．whyB [考查表语从句。
句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。
分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导，所以选B项。
]6．(2016·天津高考，11)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A．whether B．thatC．which D．whatB [考查同位语从句。
句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。
要做的工作太多了。
分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项that。
]【导学号：57732006】7．(2015·安徽高考，25)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ships are built for.A．what B．whomC．why D．whenA [考查表语从句的引导词。
句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意。
从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。
why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。
]8．(2015·浙江高考，6)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.A．what B．whoC．that D．whoeverA [考查宾语从句引导词的选择。
句意：如果你在河里或者湖里游泳，一定要弄清楚水面下有什么。
经常有岩石或者树枝藏在水里。
分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。
who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。
]名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。
每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序。
一、名词性从句的引导词引导词用法连词that，whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。
that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether连接代词what，who，whom，which，whatever，who－ever，whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分连接副词when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等在从句中作状语The trouble is that we are short of money.He hasn't decided whether he will go there.Do you know who has got the first prize?What we need is more practice.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.When he will go abroad hasn't been decided yet.No one knew why he made such a mistake.二、名词性从句的类别1．主语从句(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他That he passed the driving test made us very happy.Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有：It＋be＋adj.＋that从句；It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句；It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；It＋seem(appear，happen等不及物动词)＋that从句It is certain that you will pass the College Entrance Examination.It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.2．表语从句(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语＋系动词＋表语从句The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。
I think it's because you're careless.He was ill.That's why he was absent.(3)The reason why从句＋be＋that从句The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.(4)What从句＋be＋that从句What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.(5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句It looks as if it is going to rain.3．宾语从句(1)主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句主语＋动词＋介词＋宾语从句He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。
常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等。
I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。
常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等。
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.(4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we。