2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试卷
0x
1t
（16）（本题满分 10 分）
设数列{an}满足条件： a0 3, a1 1, an2 n(n 1)an 0(n 2), S(x) 是幂级数 an xn 的和函数， n0
（I）
证明： S(x) S(x) 0 ,
（II） 求 S(x) 的表达式.
3
（17）（本题满分 10 分）
求函数 f (x, y) ( y x3 )exy 的极值. 3
（18）（本题满分 10 分）
设奇函数 f (x)在[-1,1]上具有 2 阶导数，且 f (1) 1, 证明：
（I）
存在 (0,1),使得f '( ) 1
（II） 存在 1,1 ，使得 f ''() f '() 1
（A） k 2, c 1 2
（B） k 2, c 1 2
（C） k 3, c 1 3
（D） k 3, c 1 3
（2）曲面 x2 cos(xy) yz x 0 在点 (0,1, 1) 处的切平面方程为（ ）
（A） x y z 2
（19）（本题满分 10 分）
设直线 L 过 A(1, 0, 0), B(0,1,1) 两点，将 L 绕 Z 轴旋转一周得到曲面 , 与平面 z 0, z 2所围成的立体
为，
（I） （II）
求曲面 的方程 求 的形心坐标.
4
（20）（本题满分 11 分）
设
A
1 1
a 0
0
,
B
1
1 b
，当
a,
b
为何值时，存在矩阵
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题B卷
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B）卷********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：护理学研究方向：考试科目名称：308护理综合考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
一.名词解释（每词4分，共32分）(1) 角色（2）造血干细胞移植 (3) 胰岛素抵抗 (4) 静息痛（5）假性尿失禁（6）胎先露（7）功能失调性子宫出血（8）计划免疫二．选择题：A型题(每小题2分，共84分。
每一道试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上写出相应题号和正确答案。
）1.为肝昏迷病人灌肠时,不易选用肥皂水溶液,其原因是A.防止发生腹胀B.防止对肠黏膜的刺激C.减少氨的产生及吸收D.以免引起顽固性腹泻E.防止发生酸中毒2.输液中发生肺水肿时吸氧需用 50%~70% 的酒精湿化，其目的是A.使病人呼吸道湿润B.使痰液稀薄，易吐出C.消毒吸入的氧气D.降低肺泡表面张力E.降低肺泡泡沫表面张力3.生物学死亡的特征是A.循环停止B.呼吸停止C.各种反射消失D.神志不清E.尸斑出现4.腰穿后6小时内去枕平卧的目的A.预防脑压升高B.预防脑压降低C.预防脑缺血D.预防脑部感染E.有利于脑部血液循环5.有关呕血与黑便的叙述，下列哪项是正确的A.呕血一般不伴黑便B.黑便一定伴呕血C.上消化道出血只有呕血D.下消化道出血仅有黑便E.出血量至少在5ml以上才会有黑便6.从左心衰竭发展到全心衰竭时，下列哪项可减轻A.发绀B.颈静脉怒张C.下肢水肿D.呼吸困难E.肝肿大7.患者男性，60岁，因疑为肺癌而做支纤镜检查，术后病人立即要求喝水，被护士劝阻，理由是这样做会引起A.喷嚏B.咳嗽C.呕吐D.呃逆E.误吸8.对呼吸衰竭的患者采用低流量、低浓度吸氧的目的A.保持缺氧对呼吸中枢的刺激作用B.保持缺氧对颈动脉窦、主动脉体化学感受器的刺激作用C.保持CO2对呼吸中枢的刺激作用D.保持CO2对颈动脉窦、主动脉体化学感受器的刺激作用E.纠正缺氧9.关于呼吸衰竭分类，正确的说法是A.I型呼吸衰竭：仅有缺氧，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常B.I型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＞60mmHg，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常C.II型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＞60mmHg，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常D.II型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＜60mmHg，无CO2潴留，PaCO2降低或正常E.II型呼吸衰竭：PaO2＞60mmHg，有CO2潴留10.高血压治疗的控制目标，正确的是A.高血压病人血压应降到130/90mmHg以下B.高血压合并糖尿病者应降到130/80 mmHg以下C.高血压合并慢性肾脏病变者应降到120/80 mmHg以下D.老年收缩期性高血压应使收缩压降到130～140mmHgE.老年人舒张压应低于80 mmHg11.做尿培养和菌落计数时，正确的护理应是A.收集标本前用消毒液充分清洗外阴部B.留取在膀胱内停留有6~8h的尿液C.留取初始尿液置于清洁容器内D.应取患者停用抗菌药物后第3天的尿液E.若尿标本不能立即送检时应加适量防腐剂12.白血病细胞浸润所致骨病，下列哪项最为显著A.颅骨疼痛B.胸骨疼痛C.锁骨疼痛D.肋骨疼痛E.四肢关节痛13.与甲状腺功能亢进症表现无关的是A.甲状腺肿大B.浸润性突眼C.表情淡漠D.肌病E.心动过缓14.哪项指标对判断糖尿病控制好坏最佳A.空腹血糖B.糖化血红蛋白C.24h尿糖定量测定D.口服糖耐量试验E.胰岛素释放试验15.鉴别I型和Ⅱ型糖尿病最好的指标是A.空腹血糖B.尿糖C.糖化血红蛋白D.葡萄糖耐量试验E.胰岛素释放试验16.蛛网膜下腔出血患者不应出现A.剧烈头痛B.频繁呕吐C.一侧肢体瘫痪D.脑膜刺激征E.一过性意识障碍17.脑出血最常见的原因是A.颅内动脉瘤B.高血压及动脉硬化C.脑肿瘤D.血液病E.脑血管畸形18.可疑脊柱骨折患者急救运送时,下列哪项是正确的?A.疑有颈椎骨折时,去枕平卧B.一人抬头.一人抬足的方法C.仰卧在床单上D.由人搂抱E.仰卧在硬板上19.甲状腺次全切除术中患者突然挣扎、呼吸困难、失音、紫绀,应考虑A.喉头水肿B.血肿压迫气管C.一侧喉返神经损伤D.两侧喉返神经损伤E.双侧喉上神经损伤20.胃部手术后倾倒综合征多发生于进食后A.10～20分钟B.20～30分钟C.1～2小时D.2～4小时E.进食后任何时间21.急救电击伤患者,首先应:A.胸外心脏按摩B.口对口的人工呼吸C.切断电源D.包扎出血的伤口E.马上送医院22.早期就出现神经精神症状的是A.高渗性脱水B.低渗性脱水C.等渗性脱水D.急性水中毒E.慢性水中毒23.急性失血超过下列哪项指标就会引起休克?A.超过总血容量的1/5B.超过总血容量的1/3C.超过总血容量的1/2D.超过总血容量的2/3E.超过总血容量的1/424.患者男性,30岁,阵发性腹痛,腹胀,呕吐,肛门停止排便、排气4天,3年前曾做阑尾切除术。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, thenthe score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitlyencourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both insideand outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science ;rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate itwithin cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.4142434445Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environmentwhere it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.46.47.48.49.50.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。
2013年中国科学院大学普通化学(甲)考研试题
中国科学院中国科学院大学大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题科目名称科目名称：：普通化学普通化学（（甲）考生须知考生须知：：1．本试卷满分为150分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。
2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上所有答案必须写在答题纸上所有答案必须写在答题纸上，，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。
3. 可以使用无字典存储和编程功能的电子计算器。
一、 选择题 (每题选一最佳答案每题选一最佳答案，，每小题2分，共30分)1. 在等压下加热，下列溶液最先沸腾的是 （ ）A. 5% C 6H 12O 6溶液；B. 5% C 12H 22O 11溶液；C. 5% (NH 4)2CO 3溶液；D. 5% C 3H 8O 3溶液。
2. 盐碱地的农作物长势不良，甚至枯萎，施高浓度肥料后会被烧死，能用来说明部分原因的是（ ）A. 渗透压；B. 蒸汽压；C. 沸点；D. 凝固点。
3. 下列溶液中，pH 值最小的是 （ ）A. 0.010mol ⋅L -1 HCl ；B. 0.010mol ⋅L -1 H 2SO 4;C. 0.010mol ⋅L -1 HAc ；D. 0.010mol ⋅L -1 H 2C 2O 4.4. 向1.0L ，0.1mol ⋅L -1HAc 溶液中加入1.0mL ，0.010mol ⋅L -1HCl 溶液，此时在HAc 溶液中下列叙述正确的是 （-5(HAc)=1.7510a K ×Θ）（ ）A. HAc 解离度减小；B. 溶液的pH 为3.02；C. HAc 的a K Θ减小； D. 溶液的pH 为2.30.科目名称：普通化学（甲） 第1页 共5页5. 由反应+2++2=+2Zn Ag Zn Ag 构成的原电池，要增加它的电动势，可采取的措施有 （ ）A.降低Zn 2+的浓度；B. 加大Ag 电极；C. 加大锌电极；D. 降低Ag +的浓度。
北京中国科学院大学2013年考研计算机软件基础真题
（北京）中国科学院大学2013年考研计算机软件基础真题中国科学院大学2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题科目名称：计算机软件基础考生须知：1．本试卷满分为 150 分，全部考试时间总计 180 分钟。
2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。
第一部分：数据结构（共 70 分）一、单选题（每题 2 分，共 20 分）1. 下列关于数据的逻辑结构的叙述中，不正确的是【】。
(A) 数据的逻辑结构是数据间关系的描述(B) 线性表是典型的线性结构(C) 数据的逻辑结构分为线性结构和非线性结构(D) 数据的逻辑结构不仅反映数据间的逻辑关系，而且包含其在计算机中的存储方式2. 下列关于数据运算的叙述中，不正确的是【】。
(A) 数据运算是数据结构的一个重要方面(B) 数据运算的具体实现是在数据的逻辑结构上进行(C) 检索是一种常用的运算(D) 插入是一种常用的运算3. 在包含1000个元素的线性表中实现如下各运算，所需执行时间最长的是【】。
(A) 线性表按顺序方式存储，删除线性表的第 900 个结点(B) 线性表按链式方式存储，删除指针 P 所指向的结点(C) 线性表按顺序方式存储，在线性表的第 100 个结点后面插入一个新结点(D) 线性表按链式方式存储，在线性表的第 100 个结点后面插入一个新结点4. 设某散列表的当前状态如下：0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18该散列表的负载因子约为【】。
(A) 0.37 (B) 0.42 (C) 0.58 (D) 0.735. 设有关键码序列（Q,G,M,Z,A,N,B,P,X,H,Y,S,T,L,K,E），采用堆排序法进行排序，经过初试建堆后关键码值 A 在序列中的序号是【】。
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 126. 栈和队列的共同特点是【】。
(A) 只允许在端点处插入和删除元素 (B) 都是先进后出(C) 都是先进先出 (D) 没有共同点7. 用链接方式存储的队列，在进行插入运算时【】。
2013年硕士入学考试试题模板
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: （802）结构力学（示例）
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学（示例）
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: （802）结构力学（示例）
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学（示例）
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: （802）结构力学(A卷) （示例）
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学（示例）
西安建筑科技大学Array 2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
(答案书写在本试题纸上无效。
考试结束后本试题纸须附在答题纸内交回) 共页考试科目: （802）结构力学(A卷) （示例）
适用专业: 结构工程、防灾减灾、岩土工程、桥梁与隧道、现代结构理论、工程力学（示例）。
2013年暨南大学招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2013年暨南大学招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题一、单项选择题（15小题，每小题3分，共45分）1、以下哪一项会使汽车的供给曲线向右下方移动？（）A. 消费者收入上升；B. 汽车的价格下降；C. 汽车配件价格上升；D. 生产汽车的技术水平提升。
2、如果需求是缺乏弹性的，那么（）。
A．价格升高5%会导致需求量减少小于5%；B．价格升高5%会导致需求量减少大于5%；C．价格升高5%会导致需求量减少5%；D．价格升高5%会导致需求量增加小于5%。
3、小王只购苹果和梨，苹果每斤5元，梨每斤10元。
他每周有200元的收入可以花在这两种商品上，当他最大化效用水平时，苹果对梨的边际替代率为（）。
A. 0.5；B. 2；C. 20；D. 40。
4、假定一个厂商处于完全竞争市场环境中，当其投入要素的价格为6元，该投入要素的边际产量为1/3时厂商获得最大的利润。
则厂商生产的产品价格是（）。
A. 2元；B. 18元；C. 1.8元；D. 9元。
5、如果某厂商的产量扩大1倍，而厂商生产成本的增加大于1倍，则该厂商的生产存在（）。
A. 规模经济；B. 规模不经济；C. 范围经济；D. 规模报酬递增。
6、政府把价格限制在均衡价格以下可能导致（）。
A．生产者剩余增加；B．大量积压；C．买者买到希望购买的商品；D．无谓损失。
7、某工人在工资率为每小时5美元时每周挣200美元，每小时7美元时每周挣245美元，由此可以断定（）。
A. 收入效应起着主要作用；B. 替代效应起着主要作用；C. 两效应都未发生作用；D. 无法确定。
8、广州本田购买了10亿元的原材料，生产了价值20亿元的汽车。
这些汽车中的50%卖给了广州的消费者，10%卖给了广东省政府，10%出口到东南亚，剩下的30%暂时没有销售出去。
请问广州本田的生产行为对我国GDP的贡献是（）。
A．7亿元；B．10亿元；C．14亿元；D．20亿元；9、商品市场达到短期均衡时，下面哪种情况不一定会出现（）。
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
******************************************************************************************** 学科、专业名称：建筑与土木工程专业学位
研究方向：
在所研究的机械运动问题中，物体的变形可以不予考虑，那么此物体可视为
平衡方程。
平面任意力系二矩式平衡方程的限制条件是
考试科目：工程力学共6 页，第1 页
:
I
II
考试科目：工程力学共 6 页，第2 页
，相互夹角为120°。
每个柄端作用一垂直。
情形下才会通过截面形心（z为中性轴，考试科目：工程力学共 6 页，第3 页
题1图题2图
的圆轮可绕轮心的轴O转动。
轮上作用一个力偶矩为m的力偶和一与轮缘相切的（如图所示），使轮处于平衡状态。
（）这是否说明力偶可以用一力与之平衡
的约束反力的大小和方向如何？
考试科目：工程力学共 6 页，第4 页
y σ
题2图
的圆钢杆，外粘结一内径为d ，外径为D ，若钢杆的剪切弹性模量80s G GPa =，铜）若两种材料的杆的横截面上分担同样大小的扭矩，）试求内、外杆中的最大切应力各为多少？（20分）
结构承载如图所示，钢制圆杆的横截面面积280A cm =，抗弯截面系数W。
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2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
************************************************************************* 学科、专业名称：外国语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向：各研究方向
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