冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第三章 句法翻译【圣才出品】
2021翻译综合考研冯庆华《实用翻译教程》考研真题集
2021翻译综合考研冯庆华《实用翻译教程》考研真题集一重点翻译解析对下列“假朋友”进行改译。
1. oil skin 油性皮肤【改译】油布2. good seats好的座位【改译】好票3. mad doctor 发疯的医生【改译】精神病医生4. bull’s eye 牛的眼睛【改译】靶心5. red - cap红帽子【改译】搬运服务人员6. red meat红色的肉【改译】牛羊肉7. white day白色的天【改译】吉日8. blue coat蓝色上衣【改译】警察9. fish-wife雌性鱼【改译】卖鱼妇，说话粗野的女人10. dogear狗耳朵【改译】书的折角11. familiar talk熟悉的谈话【改译】庸俗的交谈12. pull up one’s socks拉上袜子【改译】鼓起勇气13. husband like像丈夫的【改译】善于管理农活的14. cock- and- bull story鸡和牛的故事【改译】无稽之谈15. bite the thumbs at咬大拇指【改译】对……嗤之以鼻16. twice - told tale讲过两次的故事【改译】老掉牙的故事17. divorce lawyer离婚的律师【改译】办理离婚案件的律师【解析】同理，criminal lawyer是指刑事律师，而非犯罪的律师。
18. busboy公汽售票员【改译】餐馆勤杂工19. heartman有心人【改译】换心人20. eleventh hour 11点【改译】最后时刻21. blind date盲目约会【改译】（由第三者安排的）男女初次会面22. dead president逝世的总统【改译】美钞（上印有总统头像）23. personal remark个人评论【改译】人身攻击24. sweetwater糖水，甜水【改译】淡水25. confidence man信得过的人【改译】骗子26. service station服务站【改译】加油站27. restroom休息室【改译】厕所28. dressing room试衣室，更衣室【改译】化妆室29. horse sense马的感觉【改译】常识30. capital idea资本主义思想【改译】好主意31. black art黑色艺术【改译】妖术32. black stranger陌生的黑人【改译】完全陌生的人33. white coal白煤【改译】（作动力来源用的）水34. whiteman皮肤白的人【改译】忠实可靠的人35. bluestocking蓝色长统袜【改译】女学者、女才子36. China policy中国政策【改译】对华政策37. Chinese dragon中国龙【改译】麒麟38. American beauty美国美女【改译】红蔷薇39. English disease英国病【改译】软骨病40. Indian summer印度的夏日【改译】愉快宁静的晚年41. Greek gift希腊礼物【改译】害人的礼品42. be green-eyed 绿眼睛【改译】嫉妒的【解析】源自莎士比亚名剧《奥赛罗》第3幕第3场中的台词“Oh! Be ware , my lord ,of jealousy; It’s the green-eyed monster... ”43. Spanish athlete西班牙运动员【改译】吹牛的人44. French chalk法国粉笔【改译】滑石粉45. 宰客slaughter customers【改译】swindle money from customers46. 自学self-learn【改译】self-taught47. 寒衣cold clothes【改译】warm clothes48. （电脑）死机system dead【改译】system halted49. 彩票colorful tickets【改译】lottery50. 风凉话cold word【改译】irresponsible and sarcastic remarks51. 扣帽子put a hat on【改译】put a label on52. 大龄青年old youth【改译】single youth above the normal matrimonial age 53. 赢得市场gain market【改译】gain a larger share of the market54. 定向培训training for certain direction【改译】training for specific posts55. 抓紧时间grasp time firmly【改译】make the best use of time56. 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English【改译】improve one’s English57. 密码secret code【改译】password58. 口水mouth water【改译】saliva59. 洗牌to wash the playing cards【改译】to shuffle the playing cards60. 大片big movie【改译】blockbuster61. 长镜头long lens【改译】zoom lens62. 不冻港non-freezing port【改译】ice-free port63. 白酒white wine【改译】spirits/liquor64. 红酒red liquor【改译】wine65. 纸钱paper money【改译】joss paper66. 流动资金circulating funds【改译】working capital67. 拳头产品fist product【改译】knockout product【解析】拳头产品为产品中的佼佼者。
(NEW)冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》配套题库(含考研真题)
目 录第一章 词法翻译第一节 对等翻译第二节 增词翻译第三节 减词翻译第四节 合并翻译第五节 转性译法第六节 名词的抽象和具体译法第七节 数字和倍数的翻译第八节 成语的英译第九节 修辞格的翻译第二章 句法翻译第一节 换序和转态第二节 断句和合句译法第三节 长句的译法第四节 正说与反说第三章 语篇与翻译第一节 衔接第二节 连贯第四章 文体与翻译第一节 实用文体翻译第二节 文学文体翻译第一章 词法翻译第一节 对等翻译一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。
1. ①申请书②报告书③协议书④成绩通知书⑤成交确认书⑥白皮书⑦家书【译文】①letter of application②report③agreement④grade report⑤sales confirmation⑥white book⑦a letter from home2. ①病历表②履历表③时间表④日程表⑤价目表【译文】①case history form②resume③timetable④schedule⑤price list3. ①推荐信②证明信③口信【译文】①letter of recommendation②certificate③an oral message4. ①名单②菜单③账单④保险单⑤订阅单⑥收款清单⑦违规通知单【译文】①name list②menu③bill④policy⑤subscription form⑥account note⑦ticket5. ①写作水平②领导水平③生活水平④发展水平⑤工作水平⑥开放水平【译文】①quality of writing②art of leadership③standard of living④level of development⑤work performance⑥degree of openness6. 身体好，学习好，工作好。
【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.7. ①经济法制化②经济全球化③社会知识化④国际关系民主化⑤国民经济信息化⑥科研成果产业化【译文】①to manage economic affairs within a framework②economic globalization③to build a knowledge-driven society④the practice of democracy in international relations⑤to build an information-based national economy⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production8. ①一窝蜜蜂②一窝小鸡③一窝幼犬【译文】①a swarm of bees②a brood of chickens③a litter of pups9. ①一群美女②一群猎狗③一群鸭④一群羚羊【译文】①a bevy of beautiful ladies②a pack of hounds③a team of ducks④a herd of antelopes10. ①积极支持②积极的财政政策③积极利用国外资源【译文】①unfailing support②proactive fiscal policy③make effective use of overseas resources11. ①基本工资②基本建设③基本物质④基本工业⑤基本利益【译文】①basic wage②capital construction③essential commodity④primary industry⑤fundamental interest12. ①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【译文】①a big city②a heavy rain③a high aim④an important person⑤general principle13. ①老战士②老领导③老师傅④老芹菜【译文】①a veteran②a senior leader③a master craftsman④overgrown celery14. ①打电话②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打篮球⑥打农药【译文】①to make a phone call②to take a taxi③to knit a woolen sweater④to fetch water⑤to play basketball⑥to spray insecticide15. ①维护统一②维护独立主权③维护国家荣誉④维护国家主权⑤维护人民利益⑥维护自尊⑦维护世界和平与安全【译文】①to uphold unity②to uphold independence and sovereignty③to defend national honor④to defend state sovereignty⑤to safeguard the people’s interests⑥to safeguard self-respect⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security16. ①进行社会主义革命②进行一场激烈的争论③进行实地调查④进行亲切的谈话⑤进行侵略⑥进行协商⑦进行核试验【译文】①to carry out socialist revolution②to carry on a spirited debate③to make an on-the-spot investigation④to have a cordial conversation⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with⑥to conduct a nuclear test17. 严格训练、严格要求。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。
2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。
3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。
⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)-翻译练笔材料及详解【圣才出品】
附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, ①penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road ②loomed up darkly over the house, only leaving a pale strip of sky. ③Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush. From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at ④the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist -⑤the yellow robin’s plucked string, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声①闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了。
实用翻译教程（英汉互译）第三版冯庆华著翻译期末复习
实用翻译教程（英汉互译）第三版冯庆华著翻译期末复习英汉翻译期末复习1.Phrase Translation1.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
2. Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁。
3. There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
4. Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里。
5. East and west, home is best. 出门一里，不如家里。
6. All is not gold that glitters.7. to take French leave8. to bring down the house9. Dutch courage10. a t one’s fingertips 了如指掌11. fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼12. kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕；一举两得13. at sixes and sevens 七颠八倒14. s peak one’s mind畅所欲言15. turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻16. all is fish that comes to the net. 拉入栏里就是菜。
17. between the devil and the deep sea 左右为难18. b urn one’s boat破釜沉舟19. fish in the air 水中捞月20.six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两21. castle in the air 空中楼阁22. to add fuel to the fire23.from the cradle to the grave 一生一世24. neither fish nor fowl 不伦不类25. k eep something under one’s hat保密26. eat one’s words 承认自己说了错话27. look for a needle in a bundle of hay 大海捞针28. hang on somebody’s sleeve 依赖某人，任某人做主29. talk through one’s hat 胡言乱语30. call a spade a spade 直言不讳2.Sentence Translation1.The inside of each room depended on the inclination of its occupants. 每个房间内部怎样布2.It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton. 老太太问她明白不明白对她说话的不是别人，是平克顿小姐。
《实用翻译教程》学习辅导书 笔记及习题(词法翻译)【圣才出品】
第3章词法翻译3.1 复习笔记一、对等译法在翻译过程中，一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的对等表达。
因此，对等译法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。
必须注意译文中所采用的对等表达是名符其实的对等表达。
一般说来，汉英两种语言中单词的对等率最高，而词组、成语、谚语的对等率就要相对低一些。
1. 单词汉英两种语言中单词的对等程度要高一些，一方面是单词的文化背景比较简单，另一方面是单词本身的语义结构比较简单。
当然，两种语言中存在着差异的“对等”单词也有不少，例如：从语义上来讲，“杯子”并不完全对等于cup，而是对等于cup + mug + glass +...，“桌子”的对等表达是table + desk，从感情色彩上来讲，“宣传”并不完全对等于propaganda，“农民”并不完全对等于peasant，“地主”也并不完全对等于landlord。
2. 成语成语的对等是从3个方面体现出来的，一个是比喻意义，一个是比喻形式，再一个是感情色彩。
三者中比喻意义是最重要的，当三者发生矛盾时，优先保留比喻意义。
感情色彩的对等同比喻意义的对等几乎同样重要。
如果感情色彩不对等，这条成语就肯定不能用。
至于比喻形式，能对等则应尽量对等，实在对等不了，就应当机立断，大胆放弃。
3. 谚语谚语和成语一样，其汉英两种语言中的对等大多数也是从比喻意义、比喻形式和感情色彩等3方面体现出来的。
同样，比喻意义的对等是最重要的，是翻译中必须做到的，感情色彩的对等几乎是同等重要，不可忽视，在保证这两方面的基础上，再来考虑比喻形式的对等。
有不少谚语根本不包含比喻，也就不存在比喻形式的问题。
有的谚语虽有比喻形式，但其比喻并不明显，去寻求这种形式上的对等翻译意义不大。
对等译法是翻译中最为常用的方法之一，这种翻译方法因其对应程度高，译文与原文所产生的效果也是最为接近的，因此这种翻译方法深受译者和译文读者的欢迎。
二、具体译法由于两种语言的差别，我们在翻译中不得不经常使用具体译法，也就是具体化的翻译方法。
冯庆华《实用翻译教程》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)第四章 成语的翻译【圣才出品】
第四章成语的翻译4.1 成语翻译⊙直译1. silken tongue【译文】巧舌如簧2. cut in a joke【译文】插科打诨3. speak one’s mind【译文】畅所欲言4. call a spade a spade【译文】实话实说5. be after one’s own heart【译文】称心如意6. at one’s fingertips【译文】了如指掌7. fish in troubled waters【译文】浑水摸鱼8. thousands upon thousands of 【译文】成千上万9. in deep water【译文】水深火热10. turn up one’s nose at【译文】嗤之以鼻11. skin and bones【译文】皮包骨头12. touch and go【译文】一触即发13. to be a parrot【译文】鹦鹉学舌14. a sly old fox【译文】老奸巨猾15. stir up a hornet’s nest【译文】捅了马蜂窝16. to fish for praise【译文】沽名钓誉17. a drop in the ocean【译文】沧海一粟18. like father like son【译文】有其父必有其子19. Strike while the iron is hot.【译文】趁热打铁。
20. T o die on one’s feet is better than to live on one’s knees. 【译文】好死不如赖活。
21. Blood is thicker than water.【译文】血浓于水。
22. He who laughs last laughs best.【译文】谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
23. Give knaves an inch and they will take a yard. 【译文】得寸进尺。
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第三章句法翻译3.1 换序译法一、将下列词组和句子翻译成汉语，注意语序的调整1. a high red brick wall【译文】一堵红砖高墙2. particles moving around their atomic nucleus【译文】环绕原子核运动的粒子3. a building project of high-rise apartment houses【译文】一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目4. small and medium-sized countries【译文】中小国家5. quite an attractive triangle green stamp【译文】非常吸引人的一枚绿色的三角邮票6. After spending $1.5 bn so far this year on acquisitions such as , a fast-growing online community, and IGN Entertainment, a games and contentsite, Mr. Murdoch disputed the recent claim by Sir Martin Sorrell, chief executive of WPP, that some traditional media owners were panic buying new media assets. 【译文】迄今为止，默多克先生已花费15亿美元进行收购，如收购快速成长的网络社区，以及游戏和内容网站IGN Entertainment。
默多克先生反驳了WPP首席执行官马丁索雷尔爵士最近的说法：一些传统媒体的所有者在恐慌性收购新媒体资产。
【解析】原句中My ，IGN Entertainment，Martin Sorrell后面都跟有同位语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时应将同位语提前翻译，修饰名词。
7.It’s a bit fishy that he should have given away a mattress like that.【译文】他竟然把那样的床垫送人，这可有点儿叫人怀疑。
8. The digits on the screen of the electronic watch tell us time.【译文】电子表屏幕上的数字告诉我们时间。
9. Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.【译文】氧是一种能和许多物质化合的气体。
10. He was not at ease with, those who made diplomacy their profession, particularly ambassadors.【译文】他同那班以外交为职业的人特别是大使们搞不来。
11. The trend estimates available for maternal mortality indicates the lack ofsufficient progress towards Target A of MDG 5, which seeks a 75 per cent reduction in the maternal mortality ratio between 1990 and 2015.【译文】千年发展目标第五项的具体目标A是到2015年孕产妇死亡率比1990年下降75%，但孕产妇死亡率的发展趋势表明目前还未取得长足进步。
【解析】原句为主从复合句，the trend estimates是主句的主语，谓语是indicates，主句中含有两个介词短语，第一个for maternal mortality作定语，另一个towards Target A of MDG 5作宾语补足语，之后是which引导的非限定性定语从句，并将时间状语between 1990 and 2015放在了句末。
按照中文的行文习惯，次要信息在前，重心在后的原则，汉译时语序需做适当调整，故可采用倒置法。
12. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.【译文】那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。
【解析】这里将修饰the sun的非限制性定语从句前置翻译，使之更符合汉语表达习惯。
13. China still lags behind the advanced countries in terms of economic development.【译文】从经济发展方向看，中国仍落后于先进国家。
14. It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain.【译文】从山顶远眺，湖光山色，尽收眼底；这儿风景绝佳，遐迩闻名。
【解析】原句被切分成三部分，或三个相对完整的翻译单位。
from the summit of the mountain这一介词短语，译成汉语无主句的一个分句；for the fine views这一介词短语，译成一个主谓结构，构成一个分句。
译者从最后一个介词短语译起，倒着译到第二个介词短语，最后才译原句主谓结构。
15. You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself.【译文】知己知彼，百战不殆。
16. I’m sure that it is a better book as a result of his keeping my nose to the grindstone.【译文】我相信，要不是他逼我埋头修改工作，本书就不可能像现在这个样子了。
17. Also, we don’t want to rely on hue as the sole communication vector, since color-blindness is quite common.【译文】此外，由于存在着色盲现象，因此我们也不能依赖颜色，把它当作是唯一的传达矢量。
18. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devourall our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.【译文】假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们，昆虫会吞噬我们所有的庄稼，害死我们所有的牛羊家畜，使我们不能生存于世。
19. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent hisvacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the South.【译文】他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。
【解析】原文中的“在南方从事一项建筑工程”放在句子的最后部分，但是事情发生的时间却在最先；在格鲁吉亚度假也是回来以前的事情，但是叙述中却放在回来这一件事之后。
而在汉语参考译文中则是按照时间的先后顺序进行排列。
20. It remains to be seen whether her parliamentary colleagues will agree.【译文】她的国会同僚是否同意，现在还无从知晓。
21. It was our view that the United States could be effective in both the tasksoutlined by the President—that is, of ending hostilities as well as of making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle East—if we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the quotation.【译文】如果我们采取行动以便能够继续在中东问题各方始终保持接触，那么我们美国就能有效地担当起总统所提出的两项任务，那就是在中东结束敌对行动以及对该地区的永久和平做出贡献。
这就是我们的观点。
【解析】原句由一个主句、一个同位语从句和两个状语从句组成。
这句话一共有四层意思，①这是我们的观点；②美国能够有效地担当起总统提出的两项任务……；③如果我们采取行动；④以便能够继续与中东问题各方始终保持接触的话。
按照中文的表达习惯，通常是条件在前，事实在后，所以在本句中，可以将条件状语提前进行翻译。
二、将下列词组和句子翻译成英语，注意语序的调整1. 荣誉退休教授【译文】professor emeritus2. 政治团体【译文】the body politic3. 桂冠诗人【译文】poet laureate4. 待嫁的新娘【译文】the bride elect5. 确凿的证据【译文】proof positive6. 混战/殊死战/长时间的恶斗【译文】a battle royal。