英语句子成分与基本句型

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英语句子成分和基本句型

英语句子成分和基本句型
Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.
(认真地写,慢慢地走,修饰动词用副词,作状语)
Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.
(修饰形容词用副词,作状语)
Herunsveryslowly.
(修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词,作状语)
Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”)
It’sgoodtousstudents.
选择正确答案,并说出句中哪个是同位语。
1.Theyoungman,______,worksintheoffice.
A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me
可以作主语的词性或语法结构:
1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词(如therich)5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.
改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因。
Hefailedtheexamisthereasonwhyhedroppedout.
Thatwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathismotherwasill.
简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

英语句子成分和五种基本句型

句子成份英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

1)简单谓语: We study for the people.2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)It began to rain.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。

英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。

一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。

例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。

He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。

To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。

二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词..充当。

例如:We work hard.我们努力工作。

The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。

He is my father. 他是我父亲。

They all look fine. 他们都很好。

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。

例如:I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。

由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。

例如:Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。

I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。

He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。

直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

合称双宾。

例如:He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。

间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语?
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如: attempt,decide,expect,hope,learn,need, pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考: 一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢?
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。

除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。

主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。

Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。

简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。

常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow,come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。

英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲

英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲

英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。

例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。

2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。

例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。

此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。

例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。

例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。

4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。

例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。

5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。

其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。

现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。

如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。

Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。

The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。

2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。

如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。

如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。

He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。

4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。

如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。

She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。

5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。

如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。

I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型

英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。

其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。

现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下:1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。

如:It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。

Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。

The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。

2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。

如:Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于系动词之后,形成英语独有的主系表结构。

如:Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。

He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。

4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。

如:He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。

She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。

5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。

如:He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。

I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。

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名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词 短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been
宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位 于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾 语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如: They elected him their monitor.
S │V(是系动词)│ P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. Everything │looks │different. 4. He │is growing │tall and strong. 5. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 6. Our well │has gone │dry. 7. His face │turned │red.
only bones
结果状语
The students came into the classroom, singing and
dancing.
伴随状语
If he goes, so will I .
条件状语
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语
七)宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之 外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。
二)谓语由__动__词_/_动_词__短__语__担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
(四)宾语 表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一 般放在__动_词__/动__词_短__语_之后。_介__词__词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n
We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词
Give me four please.
代词和数词
He wants to dream a nice dream. to do不定式
We need to know what others are doing句. 子
We should care more about our friends. 介词+名词
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
Mary is a beautiful girl..
形容词 adj
The play has three acts.
数词
This is her first trip to Europe.
形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式
China is a developing country.
现在分词 doing
They elected me captain of the team. 名词
We try to make our country strong. 形容词
We found everything in good order there.介词短语
I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式
与宾语补足语一样
二.五种简单基本句型
系动词 主语+系+表语
动词
不及物动词 主语+谓语
及物动词
主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语
1)Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
My father is a professor.
名词 n
Who's that? It's me.
代词 pron
Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj
The match became very exciting. adj
The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语
S │ V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly
3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
英语的句子成分:
一) 主语:
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动 词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动
语法复习专题一
一、介绍与其重要性
句子是写作的基、谓语、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。 英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子 的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配, 就能写出完整、正确的句子。
名/代
(五)定语 是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 饰的名词之_前____;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰 的名词之__后___。
They are woman workers.
名词
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格
I saw him going upstairs.
现在分词 doing
They found the house broken into. done 过去分词
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的
复合结构
八)主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成 为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.
I have nothing to eat.
to do 不定式
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their
names here.
从句
六)状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目 的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形 容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language. (
Three times five is fifteen.
数词
His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
句子
Our teacher of English is an American. (名词)
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