新编石油化工工程英语

一、项目建议

1.1项目概况

资格qualification

预备资格prequalification

商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition 商务commercial

技术technical

技术说明technical specification

建议书proposal book

资料费information price

估价estimated price

报价quoted price

报价书quotation

1.2报价资料

工艺说明process description

工艺特点process feature

经验记载experience record

工艺性能process performance

设备表equipment list

说明，规定，规格specification

简要说明short specification

条件图sketch drawing

流程图flow diagram

平衡图balance diagram

方框图block diagram

P& I图P&I diagram

单线图single line diagram

布置图layout

平面布置图plot plan

总图general plot plan

附件appendix

资料，文件documentation

1.3合同技术用语

保证guarantee

性能保证performance guarantee

时间保证time guarantee

交货保证delivery guarantee

建造保证workmanship guarantee

生产能力capacity

质量quality

消耗量consumption

原材料feedstock

原料raw material

辅助原料sub-raw material

产品product

副产品by-product

中间产品intermediate

公用工程utility

燃料fuel

化学品chemical

界区battery limits

进料incoming

出料outgoing

界区条件battery limits condition

(配管图)分界线match line 工厂、装置plant

设备equipment

关键设备critical equipment

专利设备proprietary equipment

有位号设备itemized equipment

无位号设备non-itemized equipment

散装材料bulk material

施工材料material of construction

仪表instrument

备品备件spare parts

建筑工具construction aid

(现场)居住设施accommodation

现场派遣expatriate

运转率on stream factor

运转天数stream day

系列train

日历日calender day

日历月calender month

机械(试车)完工mechanical completion

试车trial operation

初次试车initial oeperation

开车start up

注油oil in

投料feed in

首次出料first drop

保证试运转guarantee test run

装置验收plant acceptance

移交turnover

议定书protocol

1.4估算

估算estimate

概算budgetary estimate

推算slide

幂指数power term

(费用)分类、分项价格breakdown/prices of separate items 外汇foreign currency

当地货币local currency

可兑换货币convertible currency

专利费license fee

专利权税royalty

变动专利权税running royalty

专有技术费knowhow fee

基础设计费basic engineering fee

代理费agent fee

手续费commission

不可预见费contingency

外汇风险exchange risk

易货风险compensation

直接费用direct cost

间接费用indirect cost

项目管理费project expense

现场管理费field expense

一般管理费overhead

利润profit

生活费living expense

出勤津贴daily allowance

(出差)准备费outfit allowance

劳务费labor cost

基本工资base wage

补偿费payroll burden

福利费fringe benefit

1.5可行性研究

可行性feasibility

现场选定site selection

(现场)位置location

市场marketing

可获利润profitability

生产成本production cost

经营费operation cost

可变成本variable cost

不变成本fixed cost

总投资total investment cost

流动资本working capital

固定资本fixed capital cost

总资本total capital cost

折旧费depreciation

现金流量cash flow

折现现金流量discount cash flow

工况研究case study

产权资本，自有资本equity

建设资本利息interest during construction 1.6业务范围

现场勘测site survey

工艺设计process design

基础设计basic engineering

基础设计包basic design package

详细设计detail engineering

采购procurement

海运ocean transportation

陆运inland transportation

安装erection work

土建工作civil work

施工construction work

临时工作temporary work

投料试车commissioning

培训training

(现场)指导supervisory service

顾问advisory service

初步设计preliminary project

最终设计final project

基础设施infrastructure

上部结构superstructure

软件software

硬件hardware

1.7工厂分类与设计

处女地工厂grass root plant

总厂integral plant

分厂single plant

成套装置package plant

翻版(设计)厂copy plant 生产厂commercial plant

中试工厂pilot plant

试验室规模装置bench scale unit

石化总厂petrochemical complex

下游(厂)downstream

(工业)放大scale-up

扩建expansion

改建、更改modification

镜像布置mirror image

设计余量overdesign

降负荷运转turndown

清除瓶颈debottlenecking

工厂模型plant model

1.8设备

工艺装置process plant

装置区内on site

装置区外off site

界区内inside battery limit

界区外outside battery limit

公用工程设施utility facility

贮存设施storage facility

辅助设施auxiliary facility

衔接interconnection

主变电所main substation

发电设施power generation facility

事故发电设备emergerncy power generation facility 水处理装置water treatment facility

冷却塔cooling tower

抽水设备water intake facility

海水淡化装置desalination facility

蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility

仪表空气发生装置instrument air generation facility 惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility

空分装置air separation facility

罐区tank yard

散装贮存设备bulk storage facility

包装机械bagging facility

制袋设备bag making facility

装瓶设备bottling facility

装货设备loading facility

卸货设备unloading facility

铁路侧线railway siding

栈桥jetty

行政办公室administration building

维修车间maintenance shop

中央化验室central laboratory

内部通信设施intercommunication facility

广播系统public address system

寻呼系统paging facility

消防设施fire fighting facility

安全器具safety equipment

生活设施colony

公用设施townshop

娱乐设施recreation facility

1.9相关企业

承包商contractor

主承包商prime contractor

分包商subcontractor

直接费用dicrect hire

专利商icenser

转专利者sub-licenser

专利使用者licensee

专利拥有者patent owner

竞争者competitor

国际财团consortium

合作者collaborator

买方buyer/ purchaser

卖方seller

厂商vender

制造商maker/ manufacturer

业主owner

顾问consultant

技术顾问technical adviser

用户user

最终用户end user

客户customer/ client

代理商agent

挂名人dummy

二、投标合同

2.1投标概况

询价inquiry

报价、估价书quotation/ estimation

投标、投标书bid/ tender

投标资料bid documents

预审pre-qualification

意向书letter of intent

2.2合同用语

协议agreement

合同、契约contract

注销cancellation

约定consideration

合同转让assignment of contract

不可抗力force majeure

仲裁arbitration

基本法governing law

秘密条款secrecy clause/ non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages

总倍偿额度total liability

连带(债务)joint and several

优先债权lien

免除waiver

保证guaranty

担保warranty

赔偿indemnity

定义Definition

增额Escalation

罚款Penalty

支付条款Terms of payment

税金tax and duties

侵犯专利patent infringement 最高现额ceiling

委任书power of attorney

保证金bond

2.3合同形式

招标合同competitive bid contract

议付合同negotiated contract

FOB合同FOB-type contract

成套承包合同(交钥匙合同)turnkey contract/ chef montage contract 总付合同lump sum price contract

单价契约unit price contract

正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract

预投标协议pre-bid agreement

产品抵债products sharing

互购交易counter-purchase transaction

三、支付、金融、财务

3.1支付、金融

支付条款、支付条件payment terms

延期付款deferred payment

留存款项、保留资金retention money

定期付款schedule payment

施工分期付款progressive payment

D/P付款交单documents against payment

D/A承兑交单document against acceptance

信贷、信用credit

卖方信贷，供应商信贷supplier’s credit

买方信贷buyer’ s credit

银行借贷bank loan

财政、金融finance

借款、借贷loan

偿还reimburse, reimbursement

保证书letter of guarantee

信用证、信贷证letter of credit

外汇兑换率exchange rate

兑换单，汇票单据documentary bill of exchange

汇款、汇兑基金remittance

3.2财务

自然增长基数accrual basis

资产负债表，决算表balance sheet

P&L损益报表profit and loss statement

四、采购、运输、保险

4.1进出口

进出口手续export licese

出口许可证变更E/L amend

COCOM coordinating committee

标准结算方法standard payment

非标准结算方法non-standard payment

DBC退税货物draw-back cargo

出口申报银行export declaration bank [E/D]

出口申报单export declaration custom

进口许可证import license

进口申报单import declaration

保税区域bonded area

关税import duty

原产地证明书certificate of origin

发票invoice

4.2运输

装箱单packing list

提单bill of lading [B/L]

指示提单order B/L

直接提单straight B/L

装运提单shipped B/L, ON-board [B/L]

备运提单received B/L

不附带条件的提单clean B/L

不洁提单dirty B/L, foul B/L

直运提单direct B/L

联运提单through B/L

船上收货单mate,s receipt

装货通知单shipping order [s/o]

交货单delivery order [d/o]

空运货单airway bill

海上运费ocean freight

海上运费同盟freight conference

目的地付费freight payable at destination

出港前付费freight prepaid

码头工人搬运费stevedorage

空载运费dead freight

船到港预定时间expected time of arrival [ETA]

船离港预定时间expected time of departure

海关快速发货custom quick despatch

滞船费demurrage

码头搬运商stevedore

超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo

4.3保险

海上保险marine cargo insurance

现场指导失误保险supervisor,s risk insurance

4.4贸易条件

出厂价EX works/EX factony/EX mill

海上交货FOB-named port of shipment

合保险海上交货CIF-named port of destination

国境交货条件franco frontier

4.5采购

采购procurement

厂家vendor

厂家一览表vendor list

市场价market price

黑市价dark price

现价up-to-date price level

报价quotation

偏差表deviation list

到货时间time of delivery

支付方式terms of payment/ payment conditions payment terms 延缓支付deferred payment

现金支付cash on delivery

分期支付instalment payment

预先支付down payment

发货前支付advance payment

到货后支付progress payment

计划支付scheduled payment

购买条件terms and conditions of purchase

折价discount 谈判、交涉negotiation

澄清clarification

购买意向intent to purchase

比较表tabulation

评标evaluation

价格分析value analysis

订购单purchase order

变更订购单change order

支付方式method of payment

现金cash

支票check

期货promissory note

催货expediting

跟踪系统follow-up system

4.6包装

包装packing

防锈包装rust-proof packing

防潮湿包装moisture-proof packing 防水包装water-proof packing

软包装shrink packing

木箱wooden box

板条箱crate

框架箱framed box

滑撬底座skid base

码垛盘pallet

侧板side plate

吊具sling fitting

花蓝螺丝turnbuckle

钢带steel strapping

角保护带edge protecter closure plate 保护角corner protecter

板board

合板plywood

缓冲材料cushioning material

通气孔盖ventilation cover

超载superimposed load

开包unpacking

船上标志shpping mark

注意标志care mark

五、项目执行及费用管理

5.1项目执行

总图会议kick-off meeting

项目研究会议project study meeting 开工会议launching meeting

项目报告project reporting

审查会议screening meeting

进展报告progress report

协调过程coordination procedure

变更指示change order

认可approval

复阅review

5.2工程

项目完工报告job close-out report 项目执行报告job performance report 完工汇编close-out book

反馈系统feed back system

项目设计条件project design inform ation

会签inter-department check

工程设计engineering design

工艺条件确认engineering review

工艺条件校核engineering checking

项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet

施工版approved for construction (AFC)

设计变更error report

技术文件technical data book

管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material

荷载条件loading data

关键路径法critical path method

关键路径进度表critical path scheduling

工程评估技术program evaluation and review technique [PERT] 5.3费用及工时管理

工程预算project control budget

工时man-hour M/H

工日man-day M/H

人月man-month M/H

考勤表time sheet

工作号work number

项目号job number

前期项目号propesal number

改进工作improvement work

闲滞idle

工时报告man-hour report

项目工时汇总job man-hours performance report

5.4费用分类

费用分类code of account

主帐major account

分帐sub-account

设备位号item number

5.5组织

指定assign

借调on-lcan

项目成员project member

项目经理project manager

项目经理助理assistant project manager

施工经理construction manager

开车经理operation manager

现场指挥field manager

项目前期经理proposal manager

估算员estimator

原始购销员originator

协调员coordinator

项目设计协调员project design coordinator

六、标准化，资料管理，法规，规格

6. 1标准化

标准化standardization

标准、规格standard

工程规定engineer specification

项目特殊要求specific job requirement

工程手册engineering manual

标准图standard drawing 工程用表格engineering form

法规law and regulation

法律law

6.2资料管理

情报管理information and documentation

信息中心information center

调研(追述)retrospective searching

信息选择服务selective dissemination of information

情报跟踪current awareness

检索效率retrieval efficieney

资料documents

原文献primary sources

文献摘要secondary scurces

边载刊物seriais

定期刊物periodieals

(学会)纪要memoirs

会报transactions

会议论文conference paper

会议纪录proceedings

索引期刊index journal

文献期刊abstract journal

情报摘要informative abstracts

提示文稿indicative abstracts

图书目录book cataing

标题目录title cataing

总目录union catalog

标准目录standard cutalog

关键词keyword

省略词stopword

KWIC索引keyword-in -conters index

KWOC索引keyword -out-of -context index

顺序索引penmuted index

相关索引coordinate index

主题分析subjeckt analysis

统计分类statistical classification

国际十进分类法universal decimal classification

借阅卡片visible card

书卡book card

档案系统filing system

微缩复制microcopy

微缩系统micro-system

微缩卡片fiche film

6.3法规

高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law

消防法fire service law

劳动安全卫生法industrial safety and health law

建筑基本法building standard law

单位制system of units

国际单位制international system of units

七、工厂系统图.设备布置图.配管图及材料统计

7.1图纸、条件图

工艺流程图process flow diagram

管道仪表流程图process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID) 公用工程流程图utility flow diagram(UFD)

框图block flow diagram

公用工程介质平衡图utility balance diagram

平面布置图plot plan

立面布置图general arrangement

总图general plot plan

规划图planning drawing

管道研究图piping study drawing

管道布置图(配管图) piping arrangement drawing 分区图key plan

管道走向研究图piping routing stuty drawing

地下管道图underground piping drawing

管道特殊管件图piping special parts drawing

管架详图piping hanging drawing

预制图prefabrication drawing

参考图reference drawing

通用图typical drawing

制造厂图vender,s drawing

管道轴测图isometric piping drawing

竣工图as-built drawing

模型model

管线表line schedule

计算书calculation sheet

图纸目录drawing schedule

发图阶段issue stage

版次revision number

编号体系numbering system

比例scale

工厂北向plant north

海平面标高over-sea mean level

标高elevation

坐标coordinate

已有钢结构existing structure

装货区loading area

公用工程站utility station

柱号column number

净空headroom

通道access way

小通道cat way

钢结构顶部标高top of structure elevation

管底标高bottom of piping elevation

主管口径run size

顶平偏心异径管eccentric reducer top flat

中心到面的距离center to face

工作点标高working point elevation

管架标注nanging marking

冷拉cold spring

管线记号line symbol

管线接口line connection

物流号stream NO

管线号line NO.

管道等级号class designation/ spec designation 阀门号valve NO

等级分析specification break

重要管道critical piping

总管header pipe

仪表管道instrument piping 排放管道blowdown piping

火炬气管道flare piping

输送管线transfer line

入口管线suction line

排水管effluent line

旁通管bypass line

吹扫系统purge system

放空接口vent connection

软管接口hose connection

双切断阀及排放阀double block and bleeder 污水沟sewer ditch

冷凝液池condensate pit

积水坑sump box

漏斗drip funnel

管段spool piece

垫环spacer ring

限流孔板restriction orifice

流量喷咀flow nozzle

液体混合用三通mixing tee

喷头spray nozzle

粗滤器strainer

临时粗滤器temporary strainer

疏水阀steam trap

爆破膜rupture disk

蒸汽伴热管道steam-traced piping

夹套管道jacketed piping

地下管道underground piping

7.2管道要素

钢管steel piping

螺纹端管threaded pipe

法兰端管flanged pipe

锻制的swage

光滑弯管smooth bend

U型弯管u-bend

弯管bending pipe

波纹管膨胀节expansinon bellows

柔性管flexible pipe

管件接头pipe fitting joint

机械连接mechanical joint

活套连接lapped joint

环形垫连接ring type joint

扩口接头flare type joint

非扩口接头flareless type joint

承插连接bell and spigot joint

victaulic 接头victaulic joint

弯头elbow

异径管reducer

管接头coupling

活接头union

短管nipple

法兰flange

配对法兰companion flange

法兰盖blind flange

异径法兰reducing flange

八字盲板spectactle blind/reversible blind

平板式法兰plate flange

带颈法兰hubbed flange

对焊法兰welding neck flange

松套法兰loose flange

管端突缘stub end

法兰面flange face

垫片沟槽gasket groove

满平面full face

突面raised face

大准槽面large tongue and groove face

双凹凸面double male &female face

大凹凸面large male&female face

金属垫片metallic gasket

非金属垫片non-metallic gasket/semi-metallic gasket O型环O-ring

透镜垫lens ring

对焊butt weld

承插焊接socket weld

滑套焊接slip-on weld

焊接支管台weldolet

插入环insert ting

管帽cap

材料表bill of material/BOM

材料统计take-off

管段表line bill of material

估算汇总表estimation summary sheet

备品备件表spare parts list

报价表quotation sheet

订货单purchase order schedule

材料汇总表bill of material summary

状态报告status report

分布报告distribution report

价格、重量一览表cost &weight summary

价格、重量汇总表cost & weight total

定货管理表order control

管道材料管理体表piping material control sheet

元件代号item code

标记号tag number

标准形态standard shape

轴测图isometric drawing

管线号line reference

批号batch reference

管子下料表piping cutting list

制作件表fabrication parts list

组装件表erection part list

固定架anchor

滑动架resting support

导向架guide

限位架directional stop

减振架dampener

支架support

管托shoe

保冷管托cradle

鞍座saddle

耳轴trunnion 吊架hanger

刚性吊架rigid hanger

弹簧吊架spring hanger

恒力吊架constant hanger

阀门valve

截止阀globe valve

闸阀gate valve

针形阀needle valve

球阀ball valve

止回阀check valve

隔膜阀diaphragm valve

三通阀three-way valve

角阀angle valve

蝶阀butterfly valve

旋塞阀cock

伸长杆操作extension stem-operation

链操作chain-operated

齿轮操作gear-operated

扳手操作wrench-operated

电动操作motor-operated

阀芯trim

阀盖bonnet

焊接支管weld branch

偏置offset

焊接根部间隙weld root gap

现场调整后在下料和焊接cut and weld after adjusting 坡度slope

工作点working point

管架说明notes for piping hanging

部门间校核版interdepartmental check print

平端plain end

坡口端beveled end

管道连接图piping hook-up drawing

管道说明图notes for piping drawing

标题栏title block

寻价单piping requisition shee

八、配管及一般设备设计

8.1保温，保冷

绝热insulation

设备绝热表equipment insulation schedule

绝热符号insulation code

保温设计design of cold insulation

正常操作所用的保温insulation for stable operating 人身防护personnel protection

防火层fire-proofing

防结露anti-sweat

防冻winterizing

防音sound protection

保温材料hot insulation material

保冷材料cold insulation material

石棉asbestos

硅藻土diatomaceous earth

岩棉rock wool

玻璃棉glass wool

碳酸镁magnesium carbonate

硅酸铝calcium silicate

珍珠岩perlite

软木板cork boards

毛毡hair felt

泡沫聚氨酯foam polystyrene

硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯rigid foam urethane

硬泡沫橡胶rigid foam rubber

玛碲脂mastic

耐磨损材料anti-abrasion coating material

管壳lagging cloth

铁丝网hexagonal wire netting

填缝材料caulking material

保护层jacketing sheet cover sheet

波纹铝板corrugated aluminum sheet

有色镀锌钢板precoated galvanized sheet

搭板butt strap

Z型接头Z-joint

8.2防腐涂漆

色标colour-code

孟塞尔色系munsell notation

管道识别色identification of piping system

防腐层external coating

油漆paint

清漆varnish

防腐漆anti-corrosive paint /rush-proof paint

含铝漆aluminum paint

底漆primer

耐酸漆acid-proof paint

耐酸漆acid-proof paint

耐碱漆alkali-proof paint

耐热漆heat-resisting paint

测温漆thermo-paint

绝缘漆insulation varnish

表面处理surface preparation

涂漆painting

阴级保护cathodic protection

8.3振动解析

机械振动mechanical vibration

自由振动free vibration

强制振动forced vibration

自励振动self-excited vibration

固有频率natural frequency

固有周期natural period

波谷loop

波峰node

正弦振动sinusoidal oscillation

非线性振动non-linear oscillation

阻尼振动damped vibration

临界阻尼critical damping

衰减系数attenuation constant/decay coefficient/ decay factor 共振resonance

扭曲振动torsional vibration

挠性振动flexural vibration

极限速度critical speed

固有值characteristic value 临界条件boundary condition

弹性系数spring constant

惯性矩moment of inertia

回转半径radius of gyration

振动吸收装置dynamic vibration abserber

液压减振器hydraulic damper

弹簧减振器spring dampener/ spring damper

油压锁定oil lock

8.4耐振设计

固有振动方式Natural frequency mode

卓越周期Predominant period

基本周期first natural frequency

横波transverse wave

纵波longitudinal wave

相对位移relative displacement

质量比mass ratio

静解析法static method

修正静解析法corrected static method

动解析法modal analysis

时历响应解析法time history response analysis

设计响应光谱design response spectrum

加速响应光谱acceleration response spectrum

地板响应光谱foor response spectrum

标准响应光谱standard response spectrum

加速响应增幅比acceleration response amplitude ratio 刚性结构rigid structure

柔性结构flexible structure

长周期结构long -period structure

刚性框架rahmen rigid frame

地震波earthquake accelerogram

位移量记录displacement record

设计地震design earthquake

设计震度design seismic coefficient

地震earthquake

震源距离distance to centrum

震中距离distance to epicenter

震吸magnitude

地震波显示仪seismoscope

地震仪eismograph

耐振等级seismic class

基岩base rock

8.5应力分析

外力external force

内力internal force

反作用力reaction force

力偶couple of force

弯矩bending moment

扭矩twisting moment

应力stress

弯曲应力bending stress

扭曲应力orsional stress

圆周应力hoop stress

峰值应力peak stress

一次应力primary stress

二次应力secondary stress

轴向应力axial stress

重复应力repeated stress

脉动应力pulsating stress

交变应力alternating stress

应变strain

应变能strain energy

主应力principal stress

主应力理论principal stress theory

最大剪切应力理论maximum shearing stress theory 残余应力residual stress

热应力thermal stress

热破坏thermal shock

疲劳fatigue

疲劳曲线s-n diagram

疲劳极限fatigue limit/ endurance limit

腐蚀corrosion fatigue

蠕变creep

蠕变疲劳creep fatigue

尺寸效应size effect

应力集中系数Coefficient of stress concentration

形状系数shape coefficient

缺口系数notch factor

应力强度系数stress intensity factor

几何惯性矩geometrical moment of inertia

断面系数modulus of section

断面极惯性矩Polar moment of inertia of area

扬氏模量young,s modulus

横向弹性系数modulus of transverse elasticity

体积弹性系数Modulus of volumetric elasticity

泊松比poissor,s ratio

弹性极线elastic limit

屈服点yield point

拉伸强度tensile strength

伸长elongation

永久变形permanent set

弹性flexibility

弹性分析elastic analysis

弹性屈服elastic buckling

塑性plasticity

塑变滞后plasticity hysteresis

极限分析limit analysis

弹塑性分析elastic-plastic analysis

疲劳分析fatigue analysis

有限元法finite element method

静荷载dead load

8.6流体流动

水锤water hammer

急关rapid closure

缓关slow closure

冲击波shock wave

液压振动acoustic vibration of liquid flow

脉动pulsation flow

两相流two-phase flow

气压振动acoustic vibration

卡门涡街karman eddies 颤动fluttering

气蚀cavitation

8.7噪音

噪音noise/ undesired sound

听力范围Auditory sensation area

掩蔽masking

背景噪音background noise

声强sound intensity

声压sound pressure

声压值sound pressure level

噪声值noise level/ sound level

噪声计sound level meter

听觉校正回路weighting network

音平loundness level

音能sound power

音能值sound power level

总体值overall level

90%范围90%range

中间值median

NR数noise rating number

频率分析器frequency analyzer

倍频带octave band

1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band

波段值band level

音场sound field

方向性directivity

方向系数directivity factor

衍射diffraction

声源sound source

房间常数room constant

吸音率sound absorption coefficient

穿透率transmission coefficient

穿透损失transmission loss

质量原理mass law

8.8设计条件

操作压力operating pressure

最高操作压力maximum operating pressure 操作温度operating temperature

最高操作温度maximum operating temperature 温度基准base temperature

腐蚀裕度corrosion allowance

许容应力allowable stress

安全系数safety factor

地理条件geological conditions

九、塔.槽.换热器.加热炉

9.1图面用语

设备表vessel schedule

工程图engineering drawing

管口表nozzle chart/ nozzle schedule

管口方位nozzle orientation

于焊件图clip schedule

切线tangent line(TL)

焊缝线weld line(WL)

参照线wroking line(WL)

基准线base line(BL)

9.2容器

容器vessel

塔tower/column

自支承塔self-supported tower

板式塔tray tower

填料塔packed tower

喷淋塔spray tower

槽，罐drum

储罐tank

球罐spherical tank/ ball tank

浮顶罐floating roof tank

锥顶罐cone roof tank

拱顶罐dome roof tank

双壁罐double wall tank

湿式气柜wet gas holder

干式气柜dry gas holder

料仓silo/ bin

料斗hopper

9.3内件

内件internals

塔盘tray

泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray

筛板塔盘perforated tray

浮阀塔盘valve tray

单流向式塔盘uni-flux tray

波纹塔盘ripple tray

塔盘板deck

溢流堰weir

降液管downcomer

密封糟seal pot

取液糟draw-off pot

密封盘seal pan

塔盘支承环tray support ring

鲍尔环pall ring

泪孔weep hole

填料packing

拉希环rasching ring

矩鞍形填料intalox saddle

分布器distributor

除沫器demister

进料挡板feed deflector

防涡流挡板vortex breaker

内筒cartridge

9.4主要附属品

壳体shell

变颈段reducing section

封头head

椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head

蝶形封头dished head/ torispherical head 半球形封头hemispherical head

锥形封头conical head

平封头flat head

加强圈reinforcing ring

加套jecket

人孔manhole 手孔hand hole

检查孔inspection hole

接管nozzle

凸缘pad nozzle

锻制接管forged nozzle

补强板reinforcing pad

信号孔tell-tale hole

容器支座vessel support

裙座skirt

支腿leg

支耳support lug

底座base block

基础环base ring

筋板gusset plate

压环compression ring

鞍座saddle

模板template

通道access opening

套管pipe sleeve

连接板lug

予焊件clip

接地板earth lug

吊耳lifting lug

平台platform

梯子ladder

保温支承insulation support

吊柱davit

人孔铰链manhole hinge

放空口vent nozzle

呼吸阀breather valve

计量口guage hatch

9.5换热器

换热器heat exchange

换热面积heat transfer area

总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient

境膜传热系数film coefficient

对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMID) 平均温差mean temperature difference(MID)

污垢系数fouling factor

布管图tube arrangement

三角形排列triangular arrangement

转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement

正方形排列square arrangement

转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement

最大布管图outside tube limit

管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchange

固定管板换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchange

浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchange

U形管换热器U-tube type heat exchange

釜式换热器kettle type heat exchange

套管式换热器double tube type heat exchange

冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler

蛇管换热器coil type heat exchanger

插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger

板式换热器plate type heat exchanger

螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger

夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger 石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger

空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger 换热管tube

折流板baffle plate

管箱channel

分程隔板pass partition plate

浮头floating head

防冲挡板impingement baffle

管束tube bundie

管板tube sheet

管子与管板的连接tube -to-tube sheet joint 管接头ferrule

9.6加热炉

加热炉direct-fired heater

热负荷heat duty/ heat release

热损失heat loss

加热炉效率efficiency of heater

热流率heat flux

管壁温度tube skin temperature

体积热负荷volumetric heat release

辐射面radiant section

传热面convection section

屏蔽面shield section

xyz bridge wall

xyz exposed wall

xyz shielded wall

管道支撑tube support

燃烧管heater tube/ furnace tube

xyz extended surface tube

管箱Header/ header box

回弯头return bend

管道间接连管crossover

通风draft

烟道flue

烟道挡板damper

烟囱stack

烧嘴burner

过量空气excess air

风箱wind box

观察孔observation door/ peep door

检修孔access door

防爆门explosion door

吹灰器scot blower

油漆清车导轨painter trolley

陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber

耐火砖fire brick

保温耐火砖insulation fire brick

保温板insulation board

可铸耐火材料castable

衬里支撑lining anchor

炉壁横梁lintel

膨胀节expansion joint

十、转动机械10.1轴shaft

轴承bearing

轴承箱bearing housing

联轴节shaft coupling

滑轮pulley

V形皮带(三角皮带)v-belt

转动设备turning equipment

润滑lubrication

润滑油lubrication oil/ lube oil

密封seal

轴封shaft seal

填料packing

填料箱stuffing box

油膜密封oil film seal

油封seal oil

机械密封mechanical seal

齿轮gear

曲轴crankshaft

连杆connecting rod

十字头crosshead

气缸cylinder

缸套cylinder liner

气缸阀cylinder value

活塞piston

金属填料metallic packing

予埋板soleplate

基座baseplate

柱塞plunger

箱体(壳体)casing

转子roter

平衡活塞balance piston

迷宫密封labyrinth

叶轮impeller

轴套sleeve

耐磨环wearing ring

灯笼环lantern ring/ seal cage

10.2转动机械性能

轴动力shaft power/ brake horsepower

额定制动马力rated brake horsepower

齿轮传动损失gear loss

机械效率mechanical efficiency

机械损失mechanical loss

额定转数rated speed

最大连续转数maximum continuous speed 旋转油膜oil whirl

临界速度critical speed

顺时针clockwise

转矩torque

起动转矩starting torque

性能performance

特性characteristics

压头head

液压功率hydraulic horsepower

活塞位移piston displacement

体积效率volumetric efficiency

显示图indicator diagram

压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio 10.3泵

泵pump

泵效率pump efficiency

气蚀cavitation

气蚀系数cavitation coefficient

净正吸入压头net positive suction head 离心泵centrifugal pump

混流泵(斜流泵)mixed-flow pump

轴流泵axial pump

容量泵displacement type pump

往复泵(活塞泵)reciprocating pump

旋转泵rotary pump

再生泵regenerative pump

底阀foot valve

10.4压缩机、风机等

压缩机compressor

压缩机效率compressor efficiency

往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 间隙容积clearance volume

隙囊clearance pocket

减压器unloader

离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 轴面压缩机axial compressor

涡轮压缩机turbocompressor

鼓风机blower

风机fan

涡轮式鼓风机turboblower

涡轮风机turbofan

多叶片风机multi-blade fan

旋浆式风机propeller fan

罗茨鼓风机roots blower/ two-lobe blower 螺杆式压缩机screw compressor

湍振surging

中间冷却器intercooler

后冷却器(二次冷却器)aftercooler

缓冲器snubber

10.5透平

透平turbine

冲动式透平impulse turbine

反作用式透平reaction turbine

凝汽式透平condensing turbing

抽气式透平extraction turbing

背压式透平back pressure turbing

透平效率turibing efficiency

调速器governor

速度范围speed range

速度调节阀speed governing valve

应急调速器emergency governor

跳闸速度(应急速度限)trip speed

应急阀trip valve

操纵阀sentinel valve

10.6冷冻机

冷冻机refrigerator 制冷剂refrigrerant

十一、其他机械

11.1搬运

起重运输设备material handling

输送机conveyor

带式输送机belt conveyor

链式输送机chain conveyor

平盘输送机pan conveyor

粉体输送机continuous flow conveyor

气力输送机pneumatic conveyor

混合比weight ratio of solid t o gas

螺旋输送机screw conveyor

振动输送机vibrating conveyor

滚轴输送机roller conveyor

斗式提升机bucket elevator

平台给料机table feeder

定量给料机constant feeder /constant feed weighter 地平scale

包装机packing machine

缝袋机sewing machine

热封口机heat sealer

卷扬机hoist

倒链、葫芦chain block

吊车crane

天车overhead crane

悬臂起重机jib crane

龙门起重机gantry crane

倾倒卸货机car dumper

手推车hand cart

储存场装载输送机recluimer

铲式装料机shovel loader

起运载重机ship loader

起运卸货机ship unloader

堆积机stacker

码垛机palletizer

卸垛机depalletizer

叉车fork lift truck

鹤管loading arm

11.2粉碎

粉碎crushing

粉碎机crusher

碾磨机mill

破碎机disintegrator

比粉碎能力specific crushing capacity

粉碎比crushing ratio

粉碎性grindability

筛网screen

切裁尺寸cut size

丝网mesh

集尘器dust collector

空气过滤器air cleaner/ air filter

旋风分离器cyclone

多管式旋风分离器multiclone(MC)

集尘效率dust collector efficiency

再飞散re-entrainment

11.3化学机械

离心式分离机centrifuge

澄清器decanter

过滤器filter

过滤介质filter medium

滤饼filter cake

板框式压滤机filter press

叶滤机leaf filter

转鼓过滤机drum filter

带式过滤机belt filter

盘式过滤机pan filter

预涂助滤剂的过滤机precoat filter

干燥机dryer

转盘式干燥器rotary dryer

流化床干燥器fluidized bed dryer

气流干燥器pneumatic conveying dryer

带式干燥器band dryer

喷雾干燥器spray dryer

平衡含水率equilibrium moisture content

临界含水率critical moisture content

体积传热系数volumetric heat transfer coefficient 热效率thermal efficiency

回转炉rotary kiln

刨片机flaker

包裹筒coating drum

混料机blender

混合器mixer

圆桶式混合器drum mixer

捏土混合器pug mixer

捏合机kneader

捏合搅拌机kneader mill

搅拌机agitator/ stirrer

造粒机pelletizer

圆桶式造粒机drum granulator

平板式造粒机pan granulator

压缩成型briquetting

造粒机pastillator

挤压机extruder

成型机molding machine

燃烧装置flaring equipment

火炬烟囱elevated flare stack

地面燃烧ground flare

分子筛密封molecular seal

液封fluidic seal

十二、公用工程

12.1锅炉.蒸汽及给水系统

锅炉boiler

水管锅炉water tube boiler

废热锅炉waste heat boiler

排气锅炉exhaust gas boiler

混合燃料锅炉multi-fuel fired boiler

过热器superheater

减温器desuperheater

再热器reheater

省煤器economizer 空气予热器air preheater

煤粉燃烧装置pulverized coal firing equipment

燃料油燃烧装置fuel oil firing equipment

助燃烧嘴(长明灯) stabilizing burner

点火器pilot torch/ igniter /lighter

起动用轻油烧嘴warm-up light oil burner/ start-up light oil burner 一次空气primary air

烟道气再循环风机as recirculating fan

回火back fire/ blowback puff

不连续燃烧discontinuous combustion

脉动燃烧pulsating combustion

负荷调整范围turn-down ratio/ load ratio/ load range

低过量空气操作low excess air operation

加压燃烧pressurized combustion

吹灰器scot blower

锅炉自动控制系统automatic boiler control system

气体置换联锁系统purge interlock

燃料油添加剂fuel oil additives

灰处理装置ash handling equipment

灰沉淀池ash settling pond

锅炉效率boiler efficiency

循环比circulation ratio

安全阀起跳试验safety valae operation test

负荷试验load test

排污blowdown

排污罐blowdown tank

蒸汽集气罐steam accumulator

蒸汽转化器steam converter

锅炉给水泵boiler feed water pump

开车给水泵start-up feed water pump

给水加热器feed water heater

锅炉给水处理boiler feed water treatment

锅炉內水处理internal treatment

发泡foaming

汽水并发priming

过量夹带.沸腾延迟carryover

化学清洗chemical cleaning

碱洗alkali cleaning

酸洗acid cleaing

12.2蒸汽轮机

额定输出rated output

节流调速throttle governing

喷嘴增减调速nozzle cutout governing

负荷限制器load limiter

调速操作speed governing operation

自动负载调节器automatic load regulator

稳态转速变化率steady state speed regulation

最大转速变化率maximum momentary speed variation

调速器试验governor test/)dump test

机体温度匹配metal matching

手动停车优先master trip

燃料停车优先master fuel trip

锅炉随动控制boiler following control

透平随动控制turbine following control

锅炉.透平平行控制boiler turbine parallel control

油净化器oil purifier

事故用柴油发电机emergency diesel generator 12.3燃气轮机

燃气轮机gas turbine

开式燃气轮机open cycle gas turbine

闭式燃气轮机closed cycle gas turbine

单轴燃气轮机single-shaft gas turbine

平行双轴式燃气轮机straight compound gas turbine 交叉双轴式燃气轮机cross-compound gas turbine 气体发生器gas generator

燃烧室combustor/ combustor chamber

压缩机清洗设备compressor washing equipment

标准额定输出standard rated output

峰值输出peak output

燃烧负荷combustion load

自运转self-sustaining

12.4电厂

热电厂thermal power plant

负荷系数load factor

内耗率auxiliary power ratio

利用率utilization factor

有效率availability

可靠率reliability

基本负荷base load

峰值负荷peak load

中间负荷middle load

短周期负荷fringe load

长周期负荷sustained load

自起动black start

最小负荷操作minimum loadoperation

冷却塔cooling tower

温差approach

夹带损失drift loss

蒸发损失evaporation loss

12.5水处理

自然沉淀sedimentation

凝聚coagulation

沉淀settling

絮凝器flocculator

浓缩器thickener

沉淀池clarifier

砂滤器sand filter

旁路过滤器side stream filter

浓缩比concentration ratio

饱和指数saturation index

防腐剂corrosion inhibitor

分散剂dispersant

化学药品注入chemical dosing

软化装置softener

脱盐装置demineralizer

离子交换树脂ion exchange resin

处理能力breakthrough capacity

树脂交换能力exchange capacity

再生效率regenerative efficiency

再生能力regenerative level 2床3塔two beds three towers

纯水器polisher

反渗透reverse osmosis

电渗析electrodialysis

活性污泥activated sludge

曝气aeration

返送污泥return sludge

剩余污泥excess sludge

污泥消化sludge disestion

滴滤池trickling filter

浮法floatation/ flotation

甲烷发酵methane fermentation

硝化nitrification

脱氨denitrification

混合液中挥发性mixed liquor volatile

悬浮物质suspended solids

絮凝体floc

浮渣scum

BOD负荷BOD loading

污泥膨胀bulking

12.6水质

水质quality of water

碱性alkalinity

应度hardness

暂时应度temporary hardness

永久应度permanent hardness

应水hard water

软水soft water

电导率electric conductivity

残留氯residual chlorine

溶解固体dissolved solids

灼烧损失ignition loss

水垢量evaporation residue

灼烧残渣ignition residue

浊度turbidity

BOD(生化需氧量) biochemical oxygen demand COD(化学需氧量) chemical oxygen demand

高锰酸钾消耗量permanganate consumption

溶解氧dissolved oxygen

大肠杆菌数most probable number of coliform group 十三、化工操作及工厂装置名称

13.1反应

化学反应chemical reaction

反应器reactor

聚合釜polymerizer

裂解cracking

重整reforming

重整炉reformer

歧化disproportionation

烷基化alkylation

脱烷基化dealkylation

烷基转移transalkylation

氢化(加氢) hydrogenation

脱氢dehydrogenation

加氢脱硫hydrodesulfurization

加氢处理hydrotreating

氢化裂解hydrocracking

脱沥青deasphalting

焦炭罐coke drum

(co)转换器shift converter

甲烷转换器methanator

分解器decomposer

再生塔regenerator

13.2吸收.吸附.分离

吸收塔absorber

洗涤塔scrubber

脱CO2塔decarbonator

吸附塔adsorber

脱气器degasifier

干燥器dryer

空气干燥器air dryer

减湿装置dehumidifier

汽提塔stripper

萃取塔extractor

净化器purifier

深冷分离low temperature separation 蒸馏塔distillatior/ fractionator

精馏塔rectifier

常压蒸馏topping

常压蒸馏塔topper

稳定器stabilizer

浓缩器concentrator

结晶器crystallizer

闪蒸罐flash drum

分离器separator

湿式分离器mist separator

缓冲罐knock-out drum

API分离器API separator

油分离器OIL separator

油水分离器decanter

沉淀器settler

13.3热交换器

换热器heat exchanger

在线换热器transfer heat exchanger 加热炉furnace

预热器preheater

再热器reheater

冷却器cooler

深冷器chiller

再沸器reboiler

热虹吸再沸器thermosiphon reboiler 蒸发器evaporator

气化器vaporizer

冷凝器condenser

尾气冷凝器vent condenser

省煤器economizer

融解槽melter

浸没燃烧submerged combustion

废热锅炉waste heat boiler

辅助锅炉auxilialy boiler 13.4其它

接收器receiver

储槽reservoir/ holder

集气罐accumulator

缓冲器buffer

脉冲衰减装置pulsation damper

计量罐measuring tank/ metering tank 急冷塔quencher

喷射器ejector

升压器booster

循环器recirculator

加料器feeder

焚烧炉incinerator

火炬(烟囱)flare stack

惰性气体发生器inert gas generator 空分装置air separation apparatus

流体床操作fluid-bed operation

造粒塔prilling tower

海水淡化装置desalination plant

十四、流体名称及流体的性质14. 1流体名

传热介质heat transfer media

载热体(热媒)heating medium

冷却介质(冷媒)cooling meadium

盐水brine

催化剂catalyst

聚合引发剂polymerization initiator 促聚剂polymerization promoter

活化剂activator

聚合调整剂polymerization modifier 阻聚剂polymerization inhibitor

防腐剂corrosion inhibitor

抑制剂inhibitor

稳定剂stabilizer

单体monomer

聚合物polymer

均聚物homopolymer

共聚物copolymer

母料master powder

溶液solution

乳浊液emulsion

悬浊液suspension

胶乳latex

淤浆slurry

母液mother liquor

石脑油naphtha

重油heavy oil

芳香烃BTX

馏分fraction

P-P馏分P-P fraction

C3馏分C3 fraction

B-B馏分B-B fraction

常压残渣atomospheric residue

久沸残渣long residuum

减压残渣vaccum residue

蒸馏残渣short residuum

轻馏分light-end

重尾馏分heavy end

溶剂solvent

贫溶剂lean solvent

富溶剂rich solvent

萃取extract

提余液raffinate

重整产品reformate

液化天燃气LNG(liquefied natural gas)

液化石油气LPG(liquefied petroleum gas)

干气dry gas

酸性气sour gas

无硫气sweet gas

氮氧化物NO

硫氧化物SO

合成气synthesis gas

转换气converted gas

分子筛molecular sieve

活性铝(氧化铝)activated alumina/active alumina 14.2流体的性质

蒸汽压vapor pressure

临界温度critical temperature

临界点critical point

临界压力critical pressure

比热specific heat

潜热latent heat

湿度humidity

密度density

比重specific gravity

API重度API gravity

粘度viscosity

动力粘度kinetic viscosity

粘度指数viscosity index

比粘度specific viscosity

倾点pour point

云点cloud point

凝固点freezing point

融点melting point

浓度concentration/ content

颜色hue/ color

气味odor/ smell

闪点flash point

引火点ignition point

热值heating value

辛烷值octane number/ o-value/ o-rating

特性系数characterization factor

PONA分析PONA analysis

博士法试验doctor test

碘值iodine number/ I-value

溴值bromine number

焦碳残渣carbon residue

铜板腐蚀试验copper corrosion test

蒸溜曲线distillation curve

14.3分体特性安息角angle of repose

壁面摩擦系数coefficient of wall friction

颗粒密度particle density

粉体密度power density

粘度分布particle size distribution

末端速度terminal velocity

十五、操作，维护

15.1操作说明书operating instruction

标准操作程序standard operating procedure 开车start-up

试车running –in/trial operation

在操作中(在运转中)on stream

装载load up

装罐(产品)run-down

停车shut-down

预防修理(小修)turn-around

正常停车normal shutdown

运转周期run length

冲洗flushing

喷射清洗jet cleaning

化学清洗chemical cleaning

大修overhaul

盘车barring

研磨lapping

干燥dry out

电干燥electric drying

运转中检查(在线检查)on-stream inspection 在线维修on-stream maintenance

生产保全productive maintenance

间歇操作batch operation

半间歇操作semi-batch operation

连续操作continuous operation

制备preparation

补充make-up

回收recovery

再生regeneration

循环circulation

再循环recycle

除焦decoking

放空vent

蒸气吹扫steaming out

吹扫purge

抽真空evacuation

吹出blow-off

排污blowdown

熄火blow-out

事故排放emergency vent

安全排空conservation vent

阻火器flame arrester

防爆膜(爆破片)rupture disc

安全泄气阀safety valve

过流防止阀emergency valve

事故切断阀excess flow valve

排放阀discharg valve

破真空vaccum breaker

大气腿barometric leg

锁开locked open

锁关locked close

铅封开car sealed open

旁路by-pass

操作管线on-stream line

备用stand-by

15.2操作状态

污染contamination

波动fluctuation

操作稳定性operating stability

溢流、液泛flooding

沟流channeling

停留时间residence time/retention time 滞留量hold-up

界面interface

飞沫priming

物沫夹带entrainment

漏液weeping

发泡foaming

回火back-fire

净正吸入压头NPSH

回流reflux

转化率conversion

进料feed

输入intake

冷凝液condensate

放净drain

塔顶流出物overhead

釜液bottoms

饱和蒸汽saturated steam

过热蒸汽superheated steam

直接蒸汽live steam

窒息蒸汽smothering steam

鼻烟蒸汽snuffing steam

雾化蒸汽atomizing steam

十六、防灾和环保

16.1消防设备

水龙带fire hose

水管接口water nozzle

消火栓fire hydrant/fire plug

供水口siamese connection

泡沫灭火剂foam

空气泡沫发生器air foam chamber 上升管过滤器riser strainer

消防软管接头fire hose connection 泡沫接口foam nozzle

水枪monitor

喷头head

喷头.喷嘴spray

水喷淋(罐顶)deluge

水喷淋(罐壁)drencher

洒水器sprinkler

雾化fog

水喷淋watering CO2灭火系统CO2 extinguishing system

灭火器fire extinguisher

干粉灭火器dry chemical power

消防水泵fire pump

稳压泵jockey pump

消防车fire fighting truck

急救车。救护车ambulance car

16.2火灾报警设备

自动火灾报警automatic fire alarm system

监视器detecor

发送器，变送器transmitter

接收器receiver

转送器translater/ repeater

火灾监视区fire watching zone

火灾检测区fire sensing zone

漏电报警器leak alarm device

16.3其它防火设备

阻火器flame arrester

紧急切断阀emergency isolation valve

安全(泄气)阀safety valve

爆破片(膜)rupture disc

连锁interlock

防护堤dike

防爆墙explosion proofing wall

避雷针lightning arrester

避难指示灯emergency directional light

避难路标emergency directional indication

航空标识灯aircraft warning light/aircraft obstruction light

静电保护protection of static electricity

线桥bonding

地耳earth lug

气体检测器gas detector

燥音累积器noise exposure meter

16.4电气防爆

防爆结构explosion-protected construction

增安型increased safety type

隔爆型flameproof type

本质安全型intrinsically safe type/intrinsic safety type

正压通风型pressurized type

浸油型oil-immersed type

特殊型special type

允许温升时间permissible locked-rotor time

本安回路intrinsically safe circuit

本安连接回路associated circuit of intrinsically safe system

非本安回路non-intrinsically-safe circuit

本安电器设备intrinsically safe apparatus

安全栅barrier

正压通风室pressurized room

密封sealing

防爆容器enclosure vessel

16.5危险场所，火灾，爆炸

危险区hazardous area/ hazardous location

爆炸气体环境危险区hazardous areas for explosive gas atmosphere 粉尘危险区hazardous area for dust

爆炸气体explosive gas

粉尘dust

危险源source of hazard

爆炸等级explosive class

引燃稳度组别ignition group

引燃点ignition point/ fire point

闪点flash point

爆炸极限limit of explosion/ explosive limits

蒸汽密度vapor density

点火源ignition source

静电static electrification

爆炸explosion

气体爆炸gas explosion

粉尘爆炸dust explosion

蒸汽爆炸vapor explosion

最小点火能minimum ignition energy

自燃spontaneous ignition

燃烧热heat of combustion

燃烧波combustion wave

燃烧速度speed of combustion

爆轰detenation

爆轰波detenation wave

火球fire ball

一次灾害primary disaster

二次灾害secondary disaster

16.6化学设备，危险物，有害物

允许浓度acceptable concentrations

缺氧want of oxygen

听力下降hearing loss

故障率failure rate

故障分类failure mode

故障间隔平均时间mean time between failures

故障分类及影响分析failure mode and effect analysis 故障树分析fault tree analysis

安全性safety

减灾对策fail-safe

防止误操作fool-proof

安全评价safety assessment

工业事故industrial accident

工业安全industrial safety

安全管理safety management

生产事故labor accident

人身伤害personal injury

事故统计accident statistics

事故费accident cost

伤害原因injury source

人身防护用具personal protective equipment

急救first aid

劳动环境labor environment

16.8公害

环境评估environmental assessment

环境标准environmental standard

大气污染air pollution

水污染water pollution

噪音noise

土壤污染soil contamination/ soil pollution 地基下沉land subsidence

十七、原子能

17.1一般

核不扩散条约non-proliferation treaty of nuclear weapons(NPT) 保障措施safeguards

核设施nuclear facility

放射性同位素radiosotope

原子核素nuclide

放射性物质radioactive material

放射性衰变radioactive decay

半衰期half life

放射性radioactivity

射线radioaction

α-射线α-rays/ alpha-rays

β-射线β-rays/ beta-rays

γ-射线γ-rays/ gamma-rays

х-射线х-rays

中子neutron

核反应nuclear reaction

核分裂nuclear fission

核裂变生成物fission product(FP)

活性区材料fissile material

核裂变性物质fissionable material

腐蚀生成物corrosion product (CP)

核裂变连锁反应nuclear fission chain reaction

核聚变nuclear fusion

临界criticality

截面cross section

中子平衡neutron economy

中子吸收剂neutron absorber

毒剂poison

强防射性物质实验室hot laboratory

防护箱glove box

操作manipulator

机械手magic hand

模型试验mock-up test

容器vessel/cask

17.2反应堆与核燃料

核反应堆nuclear reactor

轻水堆light water reactor(LWR)

重水堆heavy water reactor(LWR)

沸水堆boiling water reactor

压水堆pressurized water reactor

气冷堆gas-cooled reactor

改进气冷堆advanced gas-cooled reactor

高温气冷堆high temperature gas-cooled

新型转换堆advanced thermal reactor

快速增殖堆fast breeder reactor

核聚变反应堆nuclear fussion reactor

核燃料nuclear fuel

燃烧度burn-up

烧干burn- out

转换conversion

冷却剂coolant

减速剂moderator

反射体reflector

锆合金zircalloy

镁合金magnox

天然铀natural uranium

浓缩铀enriched uranium

劣化铀depleted uranium

废燃料spent fuel

人造矾铀矿yellow cake

六氟化铀uranium hexafluoride

二氧化铀uranium dioxide

核燃料循环fuel cycle

铀浓缩uranium enrichment

串.级cascade

分离工作单位sperative work unit

气体扩散法gaseous diffusion process

离心分离法centrifuge method

再处理reprocessing

混合沉降器mixer-settler

迅速萃取器rapid contractor

17.3原子能发电

主安全壳primary containment vessel

反应堆压力容器reactor pressure vessel

燃料棒fuel rod

控制棒control rod

控制棒驱动机构control rod drive mechanism

温定器stabilizer

出入口air lock

人工岩石man-made rock

反应堆锅炉系统nucler boiler system

反应堆给水系统reactor feed water system

主循环系统primary loop recirculation system

反应堆蒸汽系统nuclear steam supply system

主蒸汽系统main steam system

反应堆冷却系统reactor coolant system

反应堆冷却净化系统clean-up water system

化学容器控制系统chemical and volume control system

燃料池冷却净化系统fuel pool cooling and filtering system

余热去除系统residual heat removal system

反应堆隔离冷却系统reactor core isolation cooling system

工程安全系统engineered safety system

紧急堆心冷却系统emergency core cooling system

安全壳喷淋系统containment spray system

堆心喷淋系统core spray system

高压冷却剂注入系统high pressure coolant injection system

低压冷却剂注入系统low pressure coolant injection system

安全注入系统safety injection system

硼酸注入系统stand-by liquid control system

安全壳空气调节系统atmospheric control system

可燃性气体浓度控制系统flammability control system

安全壳空气再循环系统containment air circulation cooling and filtration system

应急气体处理系统stand-by gas treatment system

反应堆保护系统reactor protection system

中子监视系统neutron monitoring system

放射性废物radioactive waste 放射性废处理radioactive waste treatment

放射性废物处理radioactive waste disposal

放射性废处理系统radioactive waste system

气体废弃物处理系统off-gas system

17.4放射性管理

感应放射性induced radioactivity

残余放射性residual activity

放射性污染radiation contamination

污染去除decontamination

油迹法smear method

污染去除剂decontamination agent

绝对过滤器absolute filter

放射性屏蔽radiation shield

生体屏蔽biological shield

热屏蔽thermal shield

放射性平衡activity balance

放射性等级图radiation dose map

控制区control area

高放射性区high activity area

低放射性区low activity area

非居民区exclussion area

限制区restricted area

区域放射性监视系统area radiation monitoring system 监视站monitoring station

监视点monitoring post

手.脚衣服测定仪hand foot and cloth monitor

剂量仪dosimeter

袖珍剂量仪pocket dosimeter

胶片剂量计film badge

袖珍剂量仪pocket chamber

剂量计dose rate meter

计数管counter tube

脉冲计数器pulse counter

测量计survey meter

全身计数器whole body counter

被辐射exposure

吸收剂量absorbed dose

放射线剂量radiation dose

当量剂量dose equivalent

最大允许剂量maximum permissible dose

最大允许限度maximum permissible limtt level

最大允许浓度maximum permissible concentration

累积剂量integral dose

最大允许累积剂量maximum permissible integral dose 遗传剂量genetic dose

国民剂量national dose

放射性损伤radiation injury

放射性病radiation sickness

放射性防护radiation protection

生物性半衰期biological half life

假想事故hypothetical accident

设计基准事故design basis accident

冷却剂丧失事故oss-of -coolantl accident

品质保证quality assurance

使用期间检查in-service inspection

17.5原子能单位

靶恩barn

居里curie

伦琴roentgen

雷姆rem

拉得rad

十八、电气

18.1图面

电气用图例符号graphical symbol for electrical apparatus

室内配线用符号graphical symbol of interior wiring diagram for architecture plans

单线图single line diagra

电力分布图power distribution map

总接线图overall connection diagram

顺序接线图,原理图sequence diagram/schematic diagram

盘后接线图panel- back connection diagram

装置内部接线图device inside connection diagram

连锁框图inter lock block diagram

继电气整定一缆表relay setting schedule

电机一缆表motor schedule

危险区域图hazardous area plan

防爆设备一缆表list of explosion-protection for electrical equipment in hazardous areas

电气设备布置图electrical equipment layout

电气设备布置一缆表electrical equipment schedule

单元配制图unit arrangement

电动机控制中心柜表control center cubicle unit schedule

主电缆布置图main cable route plan

配线布置图wiring layout

电缆布置详图detail drawing for cable arrangement

电缆支架布置图cable rack layout

电缆一缆表cable schedule

接地线布置图grounding layout/ earthing layout

照明回路一缆表lighting panel board circuit schedule

照明灯具一缆表lighting fixture schedule

通信系统布置图communication system layout

火警系统布置图fire alarm system layout

电气工程典型祥图typical detail drawing for electrical work

外形尺寸图outline dimension drawing

端子箱祥图terminal box detail drawing

电气材料一缆表list of construction material for electrical work

18.2电气一般

直流direct current

交流alternating current

脉动电流pulsating current

电功率electric power

有效功率active power/effective power

频率frequency

市电频率power frequency/commerical frequency

高次谐波higher harmonics

有效值,均方根值effective value/root-mean-square value

最大值maximum value

峰值crest value /peak value

按扭push button

平均值mean value 波形系数wave-form factor

失真率distorsion factor

相位phase

相序)phase sequence /order of phase rotation

效率efficiency

损失loss

功率因素power factor

功率因素补偿power factor improvement

接线方式connection

中性点neutral point

中性线neutral line/neutral condutor

配电线路方式distribution line system

电压voltage

低压low voltage

高压high voltage

特别高压extra-high voltage

超高压ultra-high voltage

标准电压standard voltage

公称电压nominal voltage

最高电压maximum voltage

额定电压rated voltage

线电压line-to-line voltage/ line voltage

相电压phase voltage

外加电压applied voltage/ impressed voltage

对地电压line- to- ground voltage/ voltage to ground 终端电压terminal voltage

剩余电压residual voltage

反常电压abnormal voltage

冲击电压impulse voltage

电涌电压surge voltage

开闭异常电压swiching abnormal voltage

接触电压touch voltage

阶跃电压step voltage

绝缘强度dielectric strength

绝缘距离insulation clearance

漏电距离creepage distance

电压调节,稳压voltage regulation

电压降voltage drop

瞬间电压降voltage dip

电流current

额定电流rated current

许用电流llowable current

起动电流starting current

冲浪,浪涌rush current/inrush current

短路电流short-circuit current

接地电流groung- fault current/earth-fault current 激磁电流exciting current

充电电流charging current

放电电流discharging current

短时电流short-time current

断路电流interrupting current/breaking current

断路时间)interrupting time/ breakig time

接通电流making current

接通时间making time/ closing time

操作时间,工作时间operating time