人教版八年级英语下册 Unit8 Section A(3a-3c)预习-训练案
预习案 训练案
目录导航
学习目标
课前预习
思考探究
课 文 0理3 解
及时训练
English
学习目标
学会读懂名著。
English
一、必背单词
名词 1.枪；炮 _g_u_n___ 2.船 _s_h_ip_______ 3．沙滩；沙 _s_a_n_d_ 4.工具_t_o_o_l_ 5．陆地；大地__l_a_n_d_
1．汤姆努力砍倒门口那棵大树。 Tom tried hard___to__c_u_t_d_o_w_n_____________ that big tree in front of the house. 2．爸爸还没回来，我一直在等他。 Dad hasn't come back yet.I am still__w_a_i_ti_n_g__fo_r________ him.
English
课文理解
一、请认真阅读3a短文，完成下列题目。
( C )1.What did Robinson Crusoe wait for?
A．His friends.
B．His family.
C．Another ship. D．Another man.
English
( D )2.What did Robinson Crusoe find on the sand a few weeks ago? A．A new ship. B．Some animals. C．Two men. D．The marks of another man's feet. ( A )3.What's the meaning of “cannibals” in the second paragraph? A．食人者 B．猎人 C．素食者 D．怪兽
English
3．吉姆经常和他父亲出海。 Jim often __g_o_e_s_o_u__t _to__s_e_a__________with his father. 4．吉蒂猫一看见我，就朝我跑过来。 The cat Kitty will __r_u_n__t_o_w_a_r_d_s________ me as it sees me. 5．我将永不放弃。我将为我的梦想努力奋斗。 I will never __g_iv_e__u_p_________________，and I will work hard for my dream.
English
三、短文填空。 Tom lived in the countryside.He loved 16._s_w_i_m_m__i_n_g___ in the
small river near his ter his father 17.__g_o_t/_f_o_u_n_d___ a job in the big city，and he moved there with his family.
—I'd love to, but I ________ it.
A．visit B．will visit C．am visiting D．have visited
English
二、根据中文写出单词。 11．The children are playing with the ___sa_n__d______(沙子)． 12．The house faces__t_o_w_a_r_d_s________(朝着)the north. 13．Their home is on his father's____l_a_n_d_________(土地)． 14．He made___m__a_r_k_s________(记号)with a pencil. 15．What__t_o_o_l_(s_)______(工具)should I use to repair my bike?
English
6.跑向___r_u_n_t_o_w__a_rd__s ________ 7.出海__g_o__o_u_t_t_o_s_e_a_________ 8.在岛上_o_n__t_h_e_i_sl_a_n_d__________
English
三、经典句型
I've brought back many 1.我带回了许多可以用的东西。
English
( C )5.What is the main idea of the passage? A．How Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island. B．What Robinson Crusoe did on the ship. C．The adventure of Robinson Crusoe on the island. D．The story of Friday on the island.
课前预习
介词 6.朝；向；对着 _t_o_w_a_r_d_s_ 兼词 7.n.迹象；记号；分数
v．打分；做记号_m__a_r_k__
English
二、常用短语 1.砍倒__c_u_t_d__o_w_n____________ 2.在……的中央__i_n_t_h_e_m__i_d_d_le__o_f______ 3.放弃__g_i_v_e_u_p______________ 4.等待__w_a_i_t _fo_r______________ 5.看见某人正在做某事__s_e_e_s_b_._d_o_i_n_g__st_h_._____
English
( B )4.Why did Robinson Crusoe name the man Friday? A．Because Robinson liked Friday. B．Because that was the day Robinson met him. C．Because the man was born on Friday. D．Because the man saved Robinson on Friday.
English
( A )5.—________ have you lived with your grandfather? —For two years. A．How long B．How many C．How far D．How often ( C )6.When I got to my apartment, I saw my son running ________ me happily. A．around B．with C．towards D．about
things I can use.
2.我已经砍倒了树木，并建造了 I have already cut down
一所房子。
trees and built a house.
3.他们在这里多久了？
How long have they been here？
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
English
四、请用以上重点短语和句型完成下列句子。
English
A few days ago，I found the 4.__m__a_rk__s _____ of another man's feet on the sand.5.____W__h_o_____ else is on my island? Not long after that，I saw some cannibals 6.__t_r_y_in_g______to kill two men from a broken ship.One of them died but the 7.__o_th_e_r_______ ran towards my house.I helped him 8.__k_i_ll________ the cannibals.This man now lives with me and helps me.
English
二、请根据课本3a完成短文填空。 When I first arrived on this island，I had nothing.
1.__A_l_t_h_o_u_g_h_/T__h_o_u_g_h_ I have lost everything，I have not lost my life.So I will not give 2.___u_p________ and I will wait for another ship.I have already cut down 3.__t_re_e_s_______ and built a house.I'm even learning to grow fruit and vegetables.
Their new house had a garden,18.__b_u_t________ the garden was very small.Tom wasn't very happy.“Is there a river near here？” he asked his mother 19.__o_n_________ the first day.
English
( B )7.She hasn't decided if she will come or not ________.Let's wait for her answer. A．already B．yet C．ever D．never ( A )8.—Where's my key? I can't find it. —That's strange! I saw you ________ it to open the door just now. A．use B．to use C．will use D．are using
English
( A )3.I am sorry I didn't catch your words because I was thinking________. A．something else B．anything else C．else anything D．else something ( C )4.Mr.Li has two sons.One is a teacher and________ is a doctor. A．other B．others C．the other D．another
初中英语人教版八年级下册unit8 SectionA (3a-3c)
Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island?Section A（3a-3c）教学目标一、知识目标1.Learn some new words and expressions2.Students can get reading information by reading the passage.Then they can understand the wh ole passage.3.Learn and practice present perfect tense.二、能力目标1.Develop students’ reading skills.2.Students can retell the passage after learning the passage.三、情感目标1.Learn more about the famous novel Robinson Crusoe.2.Learn the spirit of Robinson.3.Learn some ways to overcome the difficulties.2重点难点教学重难点1.Develop students’ reading skills.2.Students can understand the whole passage and retell the story教学过程Step1：Lead inTake out a book named Robinson Crusoe, ask the students.T:Have you Read Robinson Crusoe yet?S:Yes,I have. / No,I haven’t.T:If you have Read it,what do you think of it?S:It’s very…Step2：Pre－reading1.Watch a video about Robison Crusoe and have a free talk.①What is the movie talking about?②Where did Robinson live?③Can you imagine the life on the island?④Can you say something about Robinson?2.Learn some new words and expressions in the passage.3.Guess:If I’m going to an island alone,I can only take three things,what are they?(设计意图:把3b的任务结合实际问题,改编成一个小短文,进行猜测游戏,让题目变得生动,富有趣味性。
人教版八年级英语下册 Unit1 Section A(3a-3c)预习-训练案
English
一、单项填空。
及时训练
( D )1.We should be careful when we________ the bus. A．get down B．get out C．get up D．get off ( D )2.I saw him________ when I passed by this morning. A．ran B．run C．runs D．running
English
3．那个生病的女孩应该马上被送去医院。 The sick girl should be sent to the hospital__r_i_g_h_t_a_w_a_y______. 4．在公共汽车完全停稳前不要下车。 Don't __g_et__o_ff__________the bus until it completely stops. 5．消防员及时赶来把火扑灭了。 The firemen arrived and put out the fire__i_n_t_i_m_e_________.
English
三、经典句型
Thanks to Mr.Wang and the 3.多亏了王先生和乘客们，老
passengers, the man was saved 人得到了医生们的及时救治。
by the doctors in time.
English
四、请用以上重点短语和句型完成下列句子。
1．幸亏有志愿者，那个丢失的孩子最后被找回来了。 __T_h__a_n_k_s_t_o____ the volunteers，the lost child was found at last. 2．出乎我们意料的是，他跑得比博尔特还快。 ___T_o_o_u__r_s_u_r_p_r_is_e_____，he ran faster than Bolt.
英语人教版八年级下册Unit8SectionA(3a-3c)
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Section A (3a-3c)阳城四中杨艳桃教学目标要求1．能够借助图片或利用上下文猜测词义，学习生词，如：ship, tool, gun, mark, sand, cannibal, towards, land等。
2．能够在教师的指导下，在阅读中快速、准确地获取所需信息，完成阅读任务。
如：猜测词义，改正句子等。
3．能够理解现在完成时态在语篇中的运用。
教学过程Step Ⅰ复习已学目标语和导入Robinson Crusoe的话题。
T: Look at the picture, and answer. Have you read the two books?What’s Treasure Island / Little Women about?What do you think of these two books? 教师与一名学生做示范。
StepⅡ导入新课话题。
T: Have you read Robinson Crusoe?What’s Robinson Crusoe about?What do you think of the book?读图，了解所读语篇及话题。
Now look at the picture and guess. Who are they? Where are they?What is the passage about?鼓励学生发挥想象，猜测语篇的主要内容。
StepⅢ快速浏览，找到所需信息。
Now open your books and look at 3a, read the passage and finish 3a.1．引导学生读3a中的句子，让学生明确要回答的内容。
2．提醒和指导学生关键在于找到与问题相关的词汇或句子3．让学生带着目的去进行快速阅读，完成3a任务。
4．核对答案。
StepⅣ阅读，通过填表来进一步理解短文的意思。
英语人教版八年级下册Unit8 SectionA 3a-3c
教学设计Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Section A 3a-3c第一课时(新授课) 一．Teaching Aims:1、知识目标：(1).学习并掌握本课的重点词汇、短语及句型。
(2).掌握常用动词的过去分词的拼写形式。
2、能力目标：(1).Improve the Ss’ reading skill.(2).Use have/has done to talk about past experiences3.情感目标：通过本课的学习，培养学生吃苦耐劳的精神，同时也要拥有乐观向上的精神二．Important and difficult points1.Important point：熟练掌握现在完成时的用法；掌握常用动词的过去分词形式。
2.difficult points：使用阅读技巧对阅读文章进行理解与分析。
教学方法：任务型教学法教学准备：课件，录音机三．Teaching proceduresStep 1 .warming up1.The students read new words again and again.1.ship n. 船— ships; by ship 乘船2.tool n. 工具— tools; with tools 用工具3.gun n. 枪— guns; with a gun 用枪4.sand n. 沙滩，沙（不可数名词）5.else adv. 其他的，别的6. something else 别的东西, what else 别的什么7.cannibal n. 食人肉者— cannibals8.towards prep. 朝，向，对着9.run towards → run tond n. 陆地，大地（不可数名词）11. on land 在陆地上2. The teacher and the students ask and answer.A: Have you read Yu Gong Movies a Mountain /…?B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.A: What’s it like?B: It’s fantastic./ interesting/…A: What’s it about?B: It’s about …Step2 leading in(导入新课)1.The teacher shows some pictures about Robinson Crusoe’s pictures and let the studentshave a free talk about him.A: Have you read Robinson Crusoe?B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.A: What’s it like?B: It’s fantastic./ interesting/…A: What’s it about?B: It’s about a man called Robinson Crusoe living on an island for 28 years.2.Look at the picture in 3a and answer the following two questions.Q1: How many people can you see in the picture?Q2: Who are they?3.The teacher introduces Robinson Crusoe and his storyStep3 Reading1.The teacher teaches reading skill s.2.While reading.(1).任务一.Fast Reading Paragraph 1&2 and answers two questions. Then the students read the text.Q1: Read the passage quickly and tell us the main idea of Paragraph 1.A.The condition of Robinson’s life on the island.B. Robinson had nothing when he first arrived on the island.C. Robinson learnt to grow fruit and vegetables.D. Robinson built a house on the islandQ2: Read the passage quickly and tell us the main idea of Paragraph 2.A. Robinson found some marks.B. Robinson tried to kill the two man.C.Robinson saved Friday and they helped each other.D.Robinson taught Friday English.(2).任务二.Careful reading(仔细阅读) Read the passage carefully and answer four the questions1.What does Robinson Crusoe wait for?A. A godB. Some food and drink.C. Another ship.D. Some animals2. Why does Robinson Crusoe call the man F riday?A. Because the man told Robinson.B. Because there were some marks on the man’s feet.C. Because the man made a boat.D. Because that was the day Robinson met the man.3. What’s the word “they” in the second line in Paragraph 2 mean?A. the islandB. the marks of another man’s feet.C. some cannibalsD. the two men4. According to the passage, please guess what the novel wants to tell us?A. How to live on a island.B. Try to make friends with others.C. Never give up when you are in trouble .D. learnt to grow fruit and vegetables on a island.(3).任务三.Please find some important phrases and write down the keys and read some important phrases(4).任务四.Q1: What do you think of Robinson Crusoe?Q2: How do you know it?Step4 Do exercise.1.The students finish 3b&3c and check over the keys.2.The students find some sentences of Present Perfect Tense and write some verbs.find---found ----found make -- made-- made lose ---lost – lostbring --brought --brought cut ---cut ---cut build -- bulit ---builtteach --taught ---taught be –was/were ---been3. What can we learn from a story of Robinson Crusoe?Step5 Listen to the tape the text and summary.Step6. Homework.1 .Ask the students to retell the story according some important phrases.3.Recite some words and phrases. Write a passage about your favourite book.Step 7.板书1.The Present Perfect Tense: have/has +done2.部分不规则动词的过去分词的变化find---found ----found make -- made-- made lose ---lost – lostbring --brought --brought cut ---cut ---cut build -- bulit ---builtteach --taught ---taught be –was/were ---been3.Robinson Crusoe is a brave, smart and kind man.教学反思：通过图片的展示让学生清楚的了解Robinson Crusoe‘s story，学生对这个故事比较熟悉，所有大部分学生掌握的还可以，并能积极的参与进来，老师给出一些任务，并指导学生如何去做阅读理解题，通过本课的学习，培养学生吃苦耐劳的精神，同时鼓励学生也要拥有乐观向上的精神。
人教版八年级英语下册 Unit2 Section A(3a-3c)预习-训练案
when________.
A．he sees the animals
B．he sees their owners of the animals
C．he plays with the animals
D．he sees the animals get better
English
( C )5.From the kids' eyes, Mary can see ________. A．their eye problems B．their trouble C．their interest in reading D．their happiness on the journey
，看到它们主人脸上的喜悦 satisfaction when I see the
表情时，我获得一种极强的 animals get better and the look
满足感。
of joy on their owners' faces.
English
三、经典句型
2.她在4岁时就能够独立看 She could read by herself at the
English
Mary is a book lover.She could read by 6.__h_e_r_s_e_lf_____ at the age of four.She helps kids learn to read.The kids are going on a different 7.__jo_u_r_n_e_y_____ with each new book.Volunteering here is a dream come 8.__t_r_u_e_______ for Mary.She can do 9.___w_h_a_t______ she loves to do and help others 10.__a_t_________ the same time.Would you like to volunteer to help others?
英语人教版八年级下册unit 8 Section A 3a-3c
《Unit8 Have you read Treasure island ? Section A3a-3c》(八年级下)Part one:1.Aims of the knowledge(1)Learn the new words and expressions in this section(2)Learn how to use the present perfect tense2. Aims of ability(1) Develop the students’ ability of listening and speaking(2) Train their ability of communication3. Aims of emotionMake the students describe recent events and experiencePart two:Something about the students1. The students are lack of vocabularies2. Most of them don’t ofte n use English to express themselves andcommunicate with others3. Some of them are not active in the class because they are afraid ofmaking mistakes.Part three :Key points and difficult points1.Master the different using of the new wordse these word s and phrases to describe people’s looksPart four : The methods of solving different pointsStudents are not familiar with this part .So I decided to choose the situation teaching method , give the situation to the student , and they want to learn how to say it in English. Let them learn the knowledge by listening and speaking, give them more chances to practice that is “learning by doing , learning by using”.In order to make the class lively and the students can learn it easily , I will use the mufti-media computer and a tape recorder as teaching aids. Part five : The teaching proceduresStep 1 ReviewA: Have you read .....yet ?B: No, I haven’t. Have you?A: Yes, I’ve already read it.B: What’s it like?A: It’s amazing.(Purpose of my designing : Review what we have learned yesterday . All of the students are interested in these beautiful books .. I think it’s important to form a better English surrounding for the students and it’s necessary to provide situation to preview the new knowledge.)Step 2 Presentation(一)Pr-reading1.Students watch a video about Robinson Crusoe .T: Do you like this video ?What’s it about ? S:............T:Have you read this book ?S;Yes /NOT: If you haven’t read this book ,it doesn’t matter .Today we will learn the part of this book2.New words( Purpose of my designing :I use the CAI(计算机辅助教学) to show a video and new words . I think it can make the students learn and grasp the meanings much easier.)(二) While-reading1.Student listen to the tape and try to underling the present tense .2.Look at the picture and predict(预测)A.Who are they?B. What's the story between them?3 .Read the passage again and check "T"or"F"A.Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food and drink.B. Friday made a small boat.C. Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island.D. Robinson used the ship to build his house.E. Friday saw some marks of another man’s feet on the beach.F. Robinson tried to kill the two men.3.Student recite the story according to the question .A.What did Robinson Crusoe do when he first arrived on the island ?When he first .....on this island ,he had nothing but a ship .He has ..... food and drinks ,tools ,knives and guns .B.What did Robinson Crusoe wait for ?why ?He ..... for another ship .He wanted to ........C.How could he live on the island ?For warmth,he have.......trees and.......a house .For protection,he went out .....to kill .........For food ,he have learn t how to grow .........D.What is the relationship(关系) between Robinson Crusoe and Friday ?Robinson Crusoe saved Friday from cannibals .They became good friends .E.Why did Robinson Crusoe call the man Friday ？Robinson Crusoe called him Friday because that was the day they met .F .What is the ending of this story ?At the end of the story ,Robinson Crusoe lived with Friday and taught him English .（purpose of my designing ：听力要给学生设置简单的任务，所以我在听的过程中让学生画出现在完成时，让学生重点感知本单元的主题时态，重点难点反复练.第一遍阅读，通过两个问题设置让学生整体感知文章，第二遍阅读通过判断正误让学生把我细节，第三遍让学分段阅读，理清文章的脉络，最后一步让学生通过问题复述文章，达到语言的输出，锻炼学生的口语能力。
英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8 sectionA(3a——3c)
当堂检测
1.You'll do much better ______ you' re more careful with your spelling. A. if B. before C. although D. unless 2.______ the girl is only nine, she takes care of her brother and cooks meals every day. A. If B. Because C. Although D. As 3._____ my cousin is very young, _____ she can help with the housework.（2015福州） A. Once; 不 B. Though; but C. Although; 不填 4._____ he had failed many times, he didn’t give up and succeeded in the end. （2015长沙） A. Unless B. Although C. If
5.I don't like the colour of the T-shirt. Would you show me ______ one? A. the other B. others C. another D. the others 6.I have two cats. One is black, and ______ is white. A. another B. some C. other D. the other
1. Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food nothing and drink. Crusoe made a small boat. 2. Friday nothing 3. Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island. 4. Robinson used thetrees ship to build his cut down house. 5.Robinson Friday saw some marks of another man’s feet on the beach. Some cannibals tried to kill the two men. 6. Robinson
初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit8SectionA(3a-3c)
第二课时Section A 3a----Gramnar Focus教学目标1.To remember new words to descrilbe Robinson Crusoe.2.To understand the plots about the novel.3.To retell the passage clearly in their own words.4.To understand the Present Perfect and Attributive Clauses.教学内容nguage point and focus:Make a small boat ,bring back ,loseone ’life,give up,Wait for, cut down, go out with, not long after that2.Vocabulary:Ship, tool ,gun, sand, cannibal, towards, land重点难度1.To understand the meaning of the passage2.To skim the text for the main idea and scan for detailsji教学准备Multimedia, computer, taperecorder教学过程Step1 GreetingStep2 ReviewReview the phrases learnt in the last lesson1. 金银岛________2. 认为······怎么样_________3. 出海________4. 充满，装满_________5. 做完某事_________6. 长大________7. 在沙子上_________ 8. 放下________9. 至少_________ 10. 快点_______Step31.To be amiliar with the words the words of Page 123 .2.Toknow the sory Robinson Crusoe.3.To try to retell the story in student’own words4. To find new phrases form the passageStep4 Lead-inTalk adout Robinson.(Robinson is a brave man . Do you want to be a man like Him? If you are on the island by yourself ,what will you do at first? How will you make your clothes ? How will you make food for yourself?)Step51.Watch a video about Robinson CrusTalk about What happned to RbinsonPresent the new lesson Robinson Crusoeby showing the picture of the text .And talk about what happened in the picture(Play the slide with about what happened in the picture the of the text.on the big screen by computer .)2.Task 1:First ask the students two easy questions and letThe students answer them after listening to the tape.(BooksClosed)(Pliay the slide with the following questions on the big screen bycomputer.)What does Robinson Crusoe wait for? Why does Robinson Crusoe call the man “Friday”? Task 2:Ask the students to read the passage quikly and answer the question:What is the main Idea of the text?(Play the slide with this question on the big serene by computer .)TASK3: Let the students read again the textcarefullyand find some important details in the text ,and then anwer the following questions.1.What things did Robinson bring back?2.Where did he live？3.How did Robinson build hishouse?4.Did Friday make a boat?5.Did Robinson have a gun?6.What did he eat？7.How did he get the food?8.What happened to the two men?9.Did the cannibals kill both of the two men?10.Is Robinson a brave man？Step 6 Guess and findRead the passage again ,and find words that have thesemeaning 3bThen correct sentencssStep 7 DiscussionIf you are Robinson ,what will you do?Step 8 Assignment1.Recite the new words and read the text clearly.2.Finsh the exercises in the workbook.3.Write a book review about Robinson Crusoe inEnglish.板书设计板书设计1.V ocabulary:ship , tool , gun , sand , cannibal , towards , landnguage points:make a small boat , bring back , give upwait for , go out with… , the mark ofon the sand , not long after that , one of…name…。
英语人教版八年级下册Unit8 Section A(3a-3c)
学以致用
幻灯片出示课后作业要求
教学总结与反思
回顾本节课的教学情况，使用小组合作评价方式我收获很大，但也有许多不足，许多困惑：如何克服学生的参与度不均衡及个别学生合作不主动的现象；在开展教学活动时，如何把学生的积极性真正的调动起来，让每个学生都积极参与进来以及怎样处理阅读中的知识点。通过对本课时的教学反思，我从中领悟到，教师必须优化课堂教学，提高课堂效果，采用灵活有效的教学方法，努力为学生创设轻松、愉快的学习环境，在不同的学习阶段，不断诱发学生的好奇心，鼓励学生大胆尝试，通过自主学习实践活动，丰富学生的想象力。作为八年级的学生，他们需要更大的空间来展现自己所学的知识，为此老师要为学生提供一个平台。然而，学生的水平是受到老师的控制的，这就给教师提出了更高的要求，即力求把教学搞“实”、搞“活”。我要以此作为我的教学思想，以督促自己勤思好问，在教学中取得更大的进步。
课堂小结，合作交流
分析总结现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
小组合作，一起交流，分析，总结。
理解现在完成时对已经发生的事件的描述，并体现其对现在的影响，而不是强调事件发生在过去。
口头交流总结，不使用多媒体
课后作业
布置课后作业
1.Tell the story to your friends, teachers or parents after class.
创设情境，感受语言。
幻灯片出示一张荒岛求生的图片，引导学生对于荒岛求生话题有所认识和思考，为下一步学习鲁滨逊漂流记做好一定的铺垫。
。
学习新单词
本课时的新单词：island,ship,tool,gun,mark,sand,cannibal,towards,land
人教版英语八年级下册Unit 8第八单元Unit 8 SectionA (3a-3c)
但不是全部；another 指三个或三个以上中的“另一个”；the
other 指两者中的“另一个”，常构成短语One... the other...； 根
据前一句“学校提供两门计算机技术课程。”可知，此处应用
One...the other... 结构，表示“一个……，另一个……”。
考点4 towards /tə'wɔːdz/, /tɔːrdz/ prep. 朝；向；对着 辨析：for, to 与towards
3c
Correct the sentences. 1.Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food and
drink. enough food and drink → nothing 2.Friday made a small boat. Friday → Robinson 3.Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island. had some → didn't have any
3b
Read the passage again. Find words that have these meanings. 1. You can use these to shoot things：____g_u_n_s___________ 2.Something you use to travel in the sea：___s_h_i_p________ 3.A piece of land in the middle of the sea：___i_sl_a_n_d______ 4 4.You can use these to cut things：___k__n_iv_e_s____________ 5.Signs left behind by someone or something：_m__a_r_k_s____