自考英语2011年1月
全国2011年1月高等教育电子商务英语自考试题
2011年大学生入党个人自传通用版不瞒你说这是网上唯一的通用版本.. 自传我叫xx，性别x，x族人，于xx年x月x日出生在xx市一个普通家庭。
xxxx年x月x日加入共青团组织，并于xxxx年x月x日递交了入党申请书。
现在就读于xx并在班里担任xx。
我的父母亲都是xx职工。
他们并不是党员，但是他们思想上非常上进，作风正派，而我也正是在这个温暖和睦的家庭中健康地成长起来的。
父亲在xx工作，他认真仔细一丝不苟的工作精神更是令他在单位中得到了多次好评与嘉奖。
之后的工作调动，他将优秀的作风从一个工作岗位带到了另一个岗位上，不管在什么岗位上他总是能够出色的完成任务，多次被评为“优秀个人”。
母亲在xx担任xx 职务，她性格善良，为人和蔼，再加上她细心的性格特点，令她更加适合这个岗位。
通过多年的工作，她精打细算，成为了单位领导的得力助手。
父母的优秀作风很大程度上影响着我，而他的言传身教更是令我总愿和身边优秀的同学看齐。
在我的眼中，父母就是我成长的路上最好的榜样。
我从小就决心做一个像他们一样成为对社会对国家有用的人才。
xxxx年9月——xxxx年6月，我在xxxx小学渡过了我人生的第一段学习旅途。
那时，我的性格比较外向，总喜欢表现自己，上课总是积极举手回答老师提出的每个问题。
课下积极参加学校组织的各种活动，能和同学打成一片，而我的优秀涉交能力和组织能力似乎就已被老师看在眼里，并让我担任了班内xx委员的职务，而且一当就是六年，这也为我日后的学习工作打下了良好的基础。
在小学二年级我光荣地加入了中国少年先锋队，戴上了鲜艳的红领巾，在国旗下敬礼宣誓的那一刻，我感到了无比的激动与自豪。
常听老师说：“少先队是共青团的后备队，我们要为共产主义事业而奋斗终身。
”那时我并不能明白这句话的深刻含意，但是早日加入共青团组织这个愿望早早地铭刻在我心间，共青团与社会主义在我童年的记忆中就是优秀与上进的代名词。
在学校我充分地享受着甜美的小学时光，而与此同时我也没有忘记学生的职责——学习。
自考00600《高级英语》历年翻译重点
2011年1月57.这一解决方式的弊端在于它已不再广泛适用。
58.当这个富足的国家没有孩子饿着肚子上床时，我可能会乐于回去教书。
59.美国人做的比看电视更多的事情只有工作和睡觉。
60.那种认为艺术应该与政治脱钩的观点本身就是一种政治态度。
61.鱼露出水面，闪动着身子在线的另一端挣扎。
他紧紧地将鱼攥在手里，把鱼钩从嘴里取出来。
62.瓦茨那里有抱负又有远见的年轻人谈论的是走出去创业。
他们正是那样做的。
有才能的年轻人成群结队地离开瓦茨。
他们共同拥有的一个本领就是逃离这个贫民窟。
57. The drawback of such solution is that it's not widely applied any more.58. When there're no children going to bed while being hungry in this rich country, I may be willing to go back to teach school.59. What the Americans do more than watch TV are only work and sleep.60. The kind of opinion which thinks that art should separate from politics is a kind of political attitude itself.61. The fish came out of the water, flashing and struggling on the end of the line, and he grasped it firmly in his hand to take the hook from its mouth.62. The talk among the ambitious and future-minded youth in Watts was on getting out so that careers could begin . And they did just that . The talented young people left Watts in droves . The one skill they had in common was the ability to escape the ghetto .2010年10月57．心情好时，我可以谱写出恢弘的交响乐，绘制出壮丽的画卷。
2011年1月英语二真题与答案详解
2011年1月英语二真题与答案超详解第一部分，V ocabulary and Structure1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside。
And______ the transport，we had no difficulty。
A. owing toB.in case C、once more D、as for解析：此类题目请您就直接把选项填入空格处，看哪个选项能够使句子语义通顺，那么答案也就出来了，基本没有多少技术含量。
请您利用一些无聊的时间去记忆单词。
owing to 由于，因为；in case 万一，假使；once more 再一次；as for 关于，至于。
题干句子说在海边过得好，and 表达递进关系，transport也没有出问题，答案是D。
2、whether you stay or leave is a matter of total _______to me.A. indifference B、enthusiasm C、passion D、harmony解析：whether you stay or leave是一个主语从句，你的去留，对我来说完完全全是____。
所以根据说话者的语气，空格处填入的是一贬义词。
选项中只有A选项符合题意。
Indifference漠不关心。
同时其余三个选项填入后语义不通顺，且B与C选项表达的意思几乎一模一样的，当然不可能是答案选项。
enthusiasm 热情；passion 热情；harmony和谐3、It is said that a black hole can ______ everything around it，such as stars。
A、work outB、settle downC、swallow upD、break into解析：a black hole黑洞，应该听闻过的（一种天体现象），它能够吸纳任何东西。
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试
Java 语言程序设计(一)试题课程代码：04747一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.在Java 语言中，int 类型数据的长度是( )A.1个字节B.2个字节C.4个字节D.8个字节2.在switch 语句中，switch 后面括号内的表达式的类型不能．．是( ) A.byteB.longC.charD.int3.以下关于接口的叙述中，正确的是( )A.所有的接口都是公共接口，可被所有的类和接口使用B.一个类通过使用关键字interface 声明自己使用一个或多个接口C.接口中所有的变量都默认为public abstract 属性D.接口体中不提供方法的实现4.以下代码段的输出结果是( )String s="JavaWorld"； .print(s.indexOf("a"，4))；☑ 上市公司 实力雄厚 品牌保证 ☑ 权威师资阵容 强大教学团队☑ 历次学员极高考试通过率 辅导效果有保证 ☑ 辅导紧跟命题 考点一网打尽☑ 辅导名师亲自编写习题与模拟试题 直击考试精髓 ☑ 专家24小时在线答疑 疑难问题迎刃而解☑ 资讯、辅导、资料、答疑 全程一站式服务 ☑ 随报随学 反复听课 足不出户尽享优质服务开设班次：（请点击相应班次查看班次介绍）基础班串讲班 精品班 套餐班 实验班 习题班 高等数学预备班 英语零起点班网校推荐课程： 思想道德修养与法律基础 马克思主义基本原理概论 大学语文中国近现代史纲要 经济法概论（财经类）英语（一） 英语（二） 线性代数（经管类） 高等数学（工专）高等数学（一） 线性代数 政治经济学（财经类） 概率论与数理统计（经管类） 计算机应用基础 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论更多辅导专业及课程>> 课程试听>> 我要报名>>A.-1B.OC.1D.45.以下不属于．．．AWT库中定义的类是( )ponentB.ContainerC.ImagesD.Graphics6.鼠标单击列表中某个选项事件的相关接口是( )A.ListActionListenerB.ListSelectionListenerC.ActionListenerD.SelectionListener7.Java语言规定，程序绘图区域的坐标原点位于整个区域的( )A.左上角B.右上角C.左下角D.右下角8.以下关于线程互斥和同步的叙述中，正确的是( )A.多线程互斥使用各自资源的程序段，在操作系统中称为临界段B.临界段的作用是使某线程能够使用其它线程的资源C.可以使用notify()方法通知等待线程结束等待D.线程的互斥和同步可以很好地解决死锁问题9.当用户关闭文件对话框时，有可能返回的整数常量是( )A._OPTIONB.VE_OPTIONC._OPTIOND._OPTION10.获取InetAddress对象的域名所用到的方法是( )A.getByName()B.getHostAddress()C.getLocalHost()D.getHostName()二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。
全国2011年1月高等教育英语写作基础自考试题
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试英语写作基础试题课程代码：00597I.重写句子(20 points, 2 points each)Revise the following sentences according to the requirements.Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many way s. ( periodic sentence)In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.1. Only thirty percent of the local people owned cars at that time. ( periodic sentence)2. He came too late, so he did not see the first part of the play. ( simple sentence)3. They are true sisters. It is clear from the facial resemblance between them. ( sente nce with a subject clause)4. He left the room and hummed a tune. (sentence with a verb-ing phrase)5. The girl cried sadly as she was locked outside. (sentence with a verb-ed phrase)6. The professor came into the classroom. He had two books in his hand. (prepositio nal phrase)7. He knocked the door again and again. There was no answer. (compound sentence)8. I wrote this letter yesterday. I forgot to post it. (complex sentence)9. I had planned to go to Australia last summer. It was too expensive. I went to Vie tnam instead. ( compound-complex sentence)10. The boy can sing very well. He can also dance very well. (sentence with parallel structure)II.改写病句(15 points, 3 points each)Correct the errors in the following sentences.Example: Made by his mother, Tony ate up the cake.Tony ate up the cake made by his mother.11. Small businesses often grow into large ones. Adding to the economy vitality.12. Failure turns out to be a valuable learning experience for those. Who may be suc cessful the second or third time.13. Americans buy many things on credit, stocks are no exception.14. Having got the land, the laws were changed by the farmers.15. Their requests include railroad regulations, tax deductions and to make education cheaper.III.标出主题句(15 points, 5 points each)16. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below by writing A, B, C or D.A. There are different types of social worker careers.B. A social worker can help a child find a home.C. A mental health social worker helps people deal with depression.D. A medical social worker helps people with diseases.Answer:_________________________17. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.The central role of women in horticultural (农耕) societies tends to have political and s ociological consequences. It is the women who own and manage their garden plots and pa ss them on to the next generation. It is the women who decide when their soil is deplete d and where the village should move to clear more fertile ground. One of the more intere sting aspects of horticultural societies is that it is often women who exercise political pow er and authority in their society. Anthropologists (人类学家) and travellers alike call attent ion to the special standing and respect that women enjoy in Austronesian cultures generall y and the Philippines in particular. The honored position of women in Austronesian and P hilippine society, more than likely, remains a legacy (遗产) from their, not so distant, hort icultural prehistory.18. Read the following paragraph carefully and choose the best topic sentence from t he four possible answers that follow the paragraph by writing A, B, C or D.Since there are more than 80 million current and former smokers in the United States, a widespread CT scanning program of at-risk individuals would De enormously costly. L ow-dose CT scans also expose patients to considerably more radiation than standard chestX-rays do, and little is known about how the cumulative risks of years of such scans wo uld balance out with the benefits of the information they provide. Also, more scans would also mean more false positive results, leading to more additional tests and surgical proce dures performed on people who do not turn out to have any disease, further complicating the picture.A. CT scans should be improved in more than one way.B. CT scans can be very costly in the United States.C. CT scans may not present clear picture for patients and doctors.D. There are disadvantages in using CT scans to fight diseases.Topic sentence : _________________________IV. 重新组合段落( 10 points, 2 points each)Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.19. Imitative words are words that sound like the thing or action they stand for.20. The other one fifth is made up partly of borrowed words and partly of three oth er kinds of words: words from the names of peoples and places; imitative words; and inv ented words.21. But there are probably more.22. The old words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic and French languages make up four fifths of the English language.23. Scholars guess that English has about 600, 000 words.24. There is no need to say anything about these words, for they speak for themselv es.25. Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they are named for the me n who discovered them.26. New words continue to come into the language at such a rate that no dictionary could possibly keep up with them.212619V. 标出与段落内容无关的句子(10 points, 5 points each)Read the following paragraph and underline the TWO irrelevant sentences.The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed. Earl y immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, whi ch they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriente d existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. Peo ple ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. With th e development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of indi vidual cups and plates and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areas, and separate bathrooms.VI. 写信(30 points)Write a letter according to the following situation: you (Zhang Liming) were told by Mr. Liu Kai, Manager of the Business Book Publishing, that Yuren Publishing House is e xpecting to make some additions to its accounting staff and you decide to apply for the p ost. In your letter, make sure you mention your qualifications and previous experience rele vant to the job. You should also express your hope to get an interview and your willingn ess to provide any information if necessary. Remember to leave your mobile phone numbe r (136××××××43) for further contact. (150-200 words )。
00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月真题及答案
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points,l point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside. And the transport, we had no difficulty.（D）A.owing toB.in caseC.once moreD.as for2.Whether you stay or leave is a matter of total to me.（A）A.indifferenceB.enthusiasmC.passionD.harmony3.It is said that a black hole can everything around it, such as stars.（C）A.work outB.settle downC.swallow upD.break into4.It is well-known that the moon goes round the earth____.（B）A.in a wayB.in a circleC.in due courseD.in turn5.He the book and found it worth buying.（C）A.foldedB.extendedC.skimmedD.skipped6.The world make is changing.We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.（B）A.stablyB.constantlyC.scarcelyD.occasionally7.The main____for discussion will be the proposed new supermarket.（A）A.topicB.ideaC.titleD.object8.We went to bed that night ____ of the storm to come.（D）A.invisibleB.unclearC.senselessD.ignorant9.It's going to be hard to ____his wife that they can’t afford a new house.（A）A.convinceB.containC.conductD.confess10.The task we'1l carry out ____great courage and wisdom.（D）A.calls upB.calls onC.calls aboutD.calls forII.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）How does woman go about buying clothes? In 11 every aspect she does so in the way opposite to a man. Her shopping is not often 12 need.She has never fully made up her mind 13 she wants,and she is only “having a look round.”She is always 14 to persuasion；indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, 15 by what companions tell her,She will 16 any number of things.Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent 17 of value when they buy clothes, They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. 18 a roomful of dresses,a 19 may easily spend an hour going from one rail to 20 ，to and from,often retracing her steps before selecting.It is a laborious process,but apparently an enjoyable one.11.A.most B.uppermost C.foremost D.almost12.A.based on B.held on C.kept on D.made for13.A.that B.those C.what D.which14.A.open B.dull C.close D.keen15.A.ever B.even C.better D.aside16.A.try on B.carry on C.figure out D.fall out17.A.heart B.mind C.sense D.thought18.A.Run into B.Let out C.Brought about D.Faced with19.A.salesman panion C.woman D.saleswoman20.A.the other B.another C.others D.other11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.About forty years ago, only five percent of American children who were three or four years old attended early education programs. Today, about two-thirds of the children of that age go to preschools, nursery schools or daycare centers with educational programs. Many education experts say this is a good situation. They say young children who have some kind of preschool education do much better when they attend school.Young children in preschool programs learn colors and numbers. They identify common objects and letters of the alphabet to prepare them for reading. They sing and play games that use numbers and maps. They learn to cooperate with teachers and other children. Many preschool programs include activities to help young children learn about the world around them. For example, children visit places like zoos, museums and fire and police stations.After preschool, most American children attend kindergarten in public schools. Most children start kindergarten at about age five. Many American kindergartens now require skills taught in early education programs. So children who have not attended a preschool program may not be ready for kindergarten.Many families, however, lack enough money to send their children to private nursery schools or preschools. Such schools may cost several thousand dollars a year, as much as a public university.To help poor families, the government operates an education program for young children called Head Start. Studies have shown that many children from poor families do not do well in school. Studies also have shown that children in Head Start programs perform equally well or better than other children when they start school. But the government currently is providing Head Start with enough money to serve only about sixty percent of the children who need this program.Educators have expressed concern that some early childhood education programs are not good enough. The United States has about eighty-thousand preschools, nursery schools and daycare centers. The National Association for the Education of Young Children studies these schools. The association says it has approved only about ten percent of the preschools in the country. Experts say American children need more and better preschool education.21.In preschools. young children can learn about the world around them by A.A.visiting various placesB.singing songs and playing gamesC.identifying common objects and lettersD.cooperating with teachers and partners22.The annual fee for preschool education is that of a public university.DA.higher thanB.unequal toC.lower thanD.equal to23.Head Start aims to B.A.study the benefits of preschool education in AmericaB.help children from poor families get ready for schoolC.provide funds to help poor families through hard timeD.monitor how the movement spends money on education24.Money provided by the government for Head Start programs is B.A.more than enoughB.quite inadequateC.just sufficientD.almost enough25.According to the association. most American preschools C.A.have got official approvalB.enjoy good reputationC.are not well qualifiedD.have financial difficultiesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.One of the chief causes of fatigue （疲倦） is boredom. To illustrate this point, let's take the case of Alice, a corporate employee who lives on your street. Alice came home one night completely exhausted. She acted fatigued. She was fatigued. She had a headache. She had a backache. She was so exhausted that she wanted to go to bed without waiting for dinner. Persuaded by hermother. she sat down at the table. The telephone rang. The boyfriend! An invitation to a dance! Her eyes sparkled. Her spirits soared. She rushed upstairs, put on her Alice-blue gown，dashed out and danced until three o'clock in the morning; and when she finally did get home, she was not the slightest bit exhausted. She was，in fact，so excited that she couldn't fall asleep.Was Alice really and honestly tired eight hours earlier. when she looked and acted exhausted? Sure，she was. She was exhausted because she was bored with her work, perhaps bored with life. There are millions of Alices. You may be one of them.It is a well-known fact that your emotional attitude usually has far more to do with producing fatigue than has physical exertion. A few years ago, Joseph E.Barmack, Ph.D., published in the Archives of Psychology a report of some of his experiments, showing how boredom produces fatigue. Dr. Barmack put a group of students through a series of tests in which, he knew, they could have little interest.The result? The students felt tired and sleepy，complained of headaches and eyestrain, felt irritable. In some cases，even their stomachs were upset. Was it all “imagination”? No. Metabolism（新陈代谢） tests were taken of these students. These tests showed that the blood pressure of the body and the consumption of oxygen actually decrease when people are bored，and that the whole metabolism picks up immediately as soon as they begin to feel interest and pleasure in their work!26.When she came back from dancing, Alice felt D.A.very hungryB.a bit sleepyC.much tiredD.sleepless27.The word “them” in Line 4, Para. 2 refers to .AA.people exhausted from boredomB.women with the same name as AliceC.corporate employees enjoying dancingD.people crazy about interesting night life28.The major reason for Alice's exhaustion is that B .A.she lost her appetite for dinnerB.she was tired of her work or her lifeC.she danced too long time with friendsD.she had a bad headache and a backache29.When person begins to enjoy his work __B__,A.his blood pressure goes downB.his metabolism improves rapidlyC.his oxygen consumption decreasesD.his stomach sometimes gets upset30.Dr. Barmack explained the result of the tests on the basis of___A_.A.medical examinationsB.personal observationC.logical reasoningmon knowledgePassage ThreeQuestions 3lto 35 are based on the following passage.There will be a major shift in the age distribution in the American workforce. As the baby boomers（born between 1946 and 1963）begin to hit retirement age, they will be replaced by the so-called“generation Y”or“Millennial Generation.”who number almost 80 million. And the qualified workers of this generation are soon going to be desperately needed, leaving businesses no choice but to figure out how to attract and keep them.People often say that members of the “Millennial Generation”can’t take care of themselves and are going to bring the world down with them.Some people might think Millennials are spoiled internet addicts（上瘾者）who feel a strong sense of entitlement and aren’t willing to work hard for the great rewards they expect.In reality Millennials are the first generation of “digital natives,”that is,they have never known a world without digital technology.As a result Millennials experience the world through technology,as older generations experience the world through their organic senses.This intimacy（亲密接触）with the digital world is one of the Millennials’greatest strengths.It also presents the greatest challenge to those companies that need highly qualified applicants.Managers need to determine ways to use their strengths and work with their weaknesses with business goals in mind.The key to attracting and managing Millennials is to create an experience of the company that matches their technological experience of the world. It’s about finding a balance between youthful enthusinasm,cooperative spirit, and the realities of the business world.The business world is experiencing a continued breakdown of the authoritarian management style that in some ways still remains as legacy（遗留做法） from the early 20th century. Managers are going to have to be patient and flexible to a large extent because one thing is for sure, nothing makes Millennials unhappier than doing tasks with traditional methods that can be done better and more efficiently with the right technology or more sophisticated methods.They need to be given the opportunity to use the technologies they are familiar with to cooperate with each other and do business. The best candidates are going to be attracted to companies that are willing to give employees what they need and want.31.American businesses will be in great need of qualifie d workers of the“Millennial Generation” because A .A.the baby boomers in the workforce are close to retirementB.this generation accounts for the biggest part of the workforceC.businesses want to change the age distribution in the workforceD.businesses prefer young workforce to speed up their development32.People have formed a D impression of the Millennial Generation.A.trueB.vagueC.favorableD.negativepared with previous generations, Millennials C .e more of their organic sensesB.show a poor sense of entitlementC.rely more on information technologyD.challenge the goals of the businesses34.To attract and manage Millennials, a business manager should C .A.require them to do their tasks with traditional methodsB.force them to work with modem scientific technologiesC.balance their passion, teamwork spirit and business realitiesbine sophisticated methods with flexible working approaches35.The main idea of the passage could be best summarized as A .A.business managers should take up the challenges from MillennialsB.business managers should be flexible about their management styleC.managers maintain a relatively objective attitude toward Millennialslennials can use their technological advantage to attract companiesPart Two（50 points）IV. Word Spelling（10 points，1 point for two words）36事件；事故n. a 37.分界线，边界n. b________38捕获：占领v. c 39.美味的；使人愉悦的a. d________40.必要的；本质的a. e 41.公式；程式n. f________42.致意，欢迎v. g 43.阻止；妨碍v. h________44.增加，增长v. i 45.同盟，协会n. l________46.较小的；少数的a, m 47.自然的；天然的a. n________48.反抗；对立n. o 49.察觉；认识到v. p________50.懊悔，遗憾v. r 51.表面，外表n. s________52.温度计n. t 53.向上，往上ad. u________54受害者，牺牲品n. v 55.侍者，服务员n.w________36.accident 37.boundary 38.capture 39.delicious 40.essential 41.formula42. greet 43.hinder 44.increase 45.league 46.minor 47.natural48.opposition 49.perceive 50.regret 51.surface 52.thermometer53.upwards 54.victim 55.waiterV.Word Form（10 points,l point each）56.The study of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are （end）答案：endless57.Christmas is （tradition）a holiday for a family to get together.答案：traditionally58.The client must （sure） that accurate records are kept.答案：ensure59.Since no better plan had been put forward，we had to adopt a basically （work）one. 答案：workable60.There are millions of solar systems in space, and ours is （probable）one of the smallest. 答案：probably61.The accused admitted that he had sold the （steal）goods.答案：stolen62.The store will be moved to somewhere in my （neighbor）next month.答案：neighborhood63.Upon their （arrive）,they immediately set about drawing up a plan.答案：arrival64.The good news is that our host is said to be kind and （help）.答案：helpful65.The young girl moved to Paris last spring, but she missed her parents too much to enjoy the （excite）life there.答案：excitingVI.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points each）66.很明显你需要更多的英语口语练习。
00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月翻译件
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）II.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）怎样的女人买衣服吗？几乎在每一个方面，她这样做，相反一个男人的方式。
去商店买东西是不是经常根据需要她从来没有完全下定了决心自己想要的东西，她是“有四处看看。
”她始终是敞开的劝说下，她确实高度重视，售货员告诉她，甚至被同伴告诉她什么，她会尝试许多东西，在她的心中最是思想发现了，大家都认为很适合她相反不少笑话，大多数妇女有一个很好的价值观念，他们买衣服的时候，他们总是在寻找意想不到的讨价还价。
面对一屋子的衣服，一个女人可以很容易地从一个轨道到另一台花一个小时，和她的步骤，然后再选择它是一个艰苦的过程，往往追溯，但显然是愉快的。
11.D 12.A13.C 14.A15.B 16.A17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）大约四十年前，只有5％的3或4岁的美国儿童参加早期教育计划。
今天，大约有三分之二的这个年龄的孩子去幼儿园，托儿所或日托中心的教育方案。
很多教育专家说，这是一个很好的情况。
他们说有某种学前教育的幼儿做的更好，他们上学的时候。
年幼的孩子在幼儿园课程学习颜色和数字。
他们确定共同的对象和英文字母的，以备他们阅读。
他们唱歌，玩游戏，使用数字和地图。
他们学会了合作与老师和其他的孩子。
很多学前班的课程包括活动，帮助幼儿了解他们周围的世界。
例如，孩子们参观的地方，如动物园，博物馆，消防和警察站。
学龄前后，大多数美国孩子上幼儿园，在公立学校。
大多数儿童在5岁左右开始幼儿园。
美国的许多幼儿园都需要技巧的早期教育计划。
因此，没有参加的学前教育计划的儿童可能还没有准备好为幼儿园。
然而，许多家庭没有足够的钱送他们的孩子到私立托儿所或幼儿园。
这些学校一年花费几千美元，作为一所公立大学。
全国2011年1月高等教育电子商务英语自考试题
2011年大学生入党个人自传通用版不瞒你说这是网上唯一的通用版本.. 自传我叫xx，性别x，x族人，于xx年x月x日出生在xx市一个普通家庭。
xxxx年x月x日加入共青团组织，并于xxxx年x月x日递交了入党申请书。
现在就读于xx并在班里担任xx。
我的父母亲都是xx职工。
他们并不是党员，但是他们思想上非常上进，作风正派，而我也正是在这个温暖和睦的家庭中健康地成长起来的。
父亲在xx工作，他认真仔细一丝不苟的工作精神更是令他在单位中得到了多次好评与嘉奖。
之后的工作调动，他将优秀的作风从一个工作岗位带到了另一个岗位上，不管在什么岗位上他总是能够出色的完成任务，多次被评为“优秀个人”。
母亲在xx担任xx 职务，她性格善良，为人和蔼，再加上她细心的性格特点，令她更加适合这个岗位。
通过多年的工作，她精打细算，成为了单位领导的得力助手。
父母的优秀作风很大程度上影响着我，而他的言传身教更是令我总愿和身边优秀的同学看齐。
在我的眼中，父母就是我成长的路上最好的榜样。
我从小就决心做一个像他们一样成为对社会对国家有用的人才。
xxxx年9月——xxxx年6月，我在xxxx小学渡过了我人生的第一段学习旅途。
那时，我的性格比较外向，总喜欢表现自己，上课总是积极举手回答老师提出的每个问题。
课下积极参加学校组织的各种活动，能和同学打成一片，而我的优秀涉交能力和组织能力似乎就已被老师看在眼里，并让我担任了班内xx委员的职务，而且一当就是六年，这也为我日后的学习工作打下了良好的基础。
在小学二年级我光荣地加入了中国少年先锋队，戴上了鲜艳的红领巾，在国旗下敬礼宣誓的那一刻，我感到了无比的激动与自豪。
常听老师说：“少先队是共青团的后备队，我们要为共产主义事业而奋斗终身。
”那时我并不能明白这句话的深刻含意，但是早日加入共青团组织这个愿望早早地铭刻在我心间，共青团与社会主义在我童年的记忆中就是优秀与上进的代名词。
在学校我充分地享受着甜美的小学时光，而与此同时我也没有忘记学生的职责——学习。
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全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题答案及解析点评（课程代码：00838）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2% ×10=20%)1. C【解析】句意：语言使用者所知道的语言能力，与我们在实际生活中对语言的产出和理解的具体运用之间存在着区别。
因此应当选C。
参考书本第7页。
【点评】本题考查语言学中语言能力与语言运用的区别，属重点，应识记。
2. A【解析】The letter “ch” in the word “church” pronounces /tʃ/, while the letter “dge” in “judge” pronounces /dʒ/. /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ are all affricates. Affricates means “赛擦音”.【点评】本题考查英语语音的分类。
属概念题，应理解记忆。
3. D【解析】能够表示如数，时态，级，格这样的语法关系或语法范畴的语素是曲折词缀。
曲折词缀——inflectional morpheme 相见书本第52页。
【点评】本题考查形态学中的语素特性，应了解。
4. D【解析】X-标杆理论中XP可能不仅仅只包含X，它通常包含核心语（head），补语（complement），另外还有指示语（specifier），故选D specifier 详见书本80页。
【点评】本题考查X-标杆理论中XP包含的成分，应了解。
5. C【解析】意义是词汇内在的，抽象的，游离于语境之外的，是词汇所有特征的集合，而词汇所制成的客观世界中的事物，所指讨论的是语言形式和非语言世界之间的关系。
详见书本第96页。
【点评】本题考查意义与所指两个术语的概念，属于常考点，应识记。
6. C【解析】言外行为是表达说话人意图的行为，是在说话过程中完成的行为。
【点评】本题考查奥斯汀语言实施行为的3种行为中的言外行为。
属重点，应牢记。
7. C【解析】语音系统的变化包括元音的变化，语音的丧失，元音的增加，语音移位。
语音的丧失中的尾音脱落（apocope）指词尾语音成分的去除。
如name在古英语中发音为/nɑ:ma: /，而在中世纪英语中发音是/nɑ:mə /,再到现代英语中的/neim/, name 的发音在英语发展中词尾的发音脱落掉了。
【点评】本题考查语言变化历史中语音体系变化中的语音丧失，更准确的是语音丧失中的尾音脱落。
应了解。
8. D【解析】在一个社会内部，会因为不同的少数民族背景能够而发生言语变体，而且少数民族方言主要在经历某种形式的社会孤立，比如种族歧视，种族隔离之后形成，被一些不太优越的人口使用，而黑人英语作为少数民族方言（ethnic dialect）真好解释了这一现象。
【点评】本题考查黑人英语的属性，应识记。
9. A【解析】在所有神经中枢中负责言语物理发声的是肌动区域（motor area）。
【点评】本题考查语言中枢中的肌动区域，应识记。
10. C【解析】在双词句阶段，语言开始反应句型的区别，如否定句，祈使句和疑问句，因此选C.双词句阶段。
故排除A，B, D。
【点评】本题考查儿童在第一语言习得发展阶段的双词句阶段的特性，应理解记忆。
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10% )11. Arbitrariness【解析】语言的武断性（任意性）是语言甄别特性里面的一个重要特征。
它指声音和意思之间没有任何的逻辑关系。
详见书本第11页。
【点评】本题考查语言甄别特性里面的任意性。
属于重点，应牢记。
注意单词的拼写。
12. acoustic【解析】语音学里三个语言学的分支分别为发音语音学，听觉语音学，和声学语音学。
声学语音学是研究说话者所发出的一系列音的物理特征。
详见书本第17页。
【点评】本题考查发音语音学的概念，应理解记忆。
13. overgeneralization【解析】在使用形态规则时，应警惕过分概括现象。
不同的单词肯要求使用不同的词缀才能得到此案共同的意义变化。
【点评】本题考查形态规则中应注意的知识点，不可随意过分概括套用，否则会导致随意滥用词缀现象。
14. parameters【解析】乔姆斯基提出的普遍语法是人们与生遗传的一套语法原则和语法参数。
详见书本第85页。
【点评】本题考查普遍语法理论中的普遍语法原则和普遍语法参数，应理解记忆。
15. emotive /evaluative【解析】economically, thrifty, and sting 这三个近义词都表示“节俭的”，但是会表现说话人的情感，它们反映说话者对其谈论之事的不同态度或偏见。
而这也是情感意义或评价意义不同的同义词的一个明显特征。
详见书本第99页。
【点评】本题考查情感意义或评价意义不同的同义词，应了解。
16.implicatures【解析】虽然格莱斯发现行车了4个会话准则，但会话参与者并没有严格遵守。
这些原则经常被违反，在这种情况下产生了格莱斯所说的“会话含义”（conversational implicatures）【点评】本题考查格莱斯提出的会话准则和由此产生的会话含义，应了解。
17. elaboration【解析】当有必要减少歧义或增加解释交际的明晰性或表达力时，就出现了规则的细化。
详见书本第157页。
【点评】本题考查语言变化的原因中的规则细化。
应识记。
18. marginal【解析】皮软话是一些相互不懂对方语言的人们出于一定现实目的譬如贸易等而是用的一种语言，它不是哪一个地区所特有的本族语言，而是作为一种边缘语言（marginal language）,在文化隔阂很大，业务接触非常特别的人群中使用。
【点评】本题考查皮软化的特性，应理解记忆。
19. lateralization【解析】人类的认知与感知功能定位于某一特定半球的现象叫做大脑的侧化（lateralization）。
详见书本第213页。
【点评】本题考查大脑左右半球的侧化。
属重点，应牢记。
20. first【解析】一般说来，语言习得指的是儿童的第一语言发展。
【点评】本题考查语言习得的概念，应理解记忆。
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. (2% × 10=20% )21. T【解析】没有上下语境“There’s a motorcycle coming”只是一个陈述——“有辆摩托车过来了”，但结合上下语境它可能是警告听话者别过马路，有危险。
一旦存在语境，就有语用学出现，因为语用学是context-based.【点评】本题考查学生对语用学的理解，应领悟。
22. FExplain：To distinguish between phonemes and phones, linguists use slashes / / for phonemic segments and square brackets for phonetic segments.【解析】按照习惯，音素（phones）放在方括号之间，音位（phonemes）放在双斜线之间。
【点评】本题考查音素与音位的表示方法，应了解。
23. FExplain：Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.【解析】词缀中的前缀会对词根的意思有所修改，但却不盖被原来单词的词性；而后缀也修改原有单词的词义，同时在很多情况下改变原有单词的词性。
【点评】本题考查词缀的特性，属于语言学中的基础，应掌握。
24. T【解析】除了句子和子句外，句法类型通常旨在剧中起一定语法作用的词或者词组。
【点评】本题考查句法类型，应了解。
25. T【解析】“flower”和“flour”的发音都是['flauə],但是两个单词的拼写完全不同。
语言学中把这种发音相同拼写不同的单词叫同音异义词（homophones）。
相关知识回顾，发音不相同但拼写相同的单词叫同形异义词（homographs），e.g. lead [li:d] v. & lead [lid] n. 发音和拼写都相同的单词叫完全同音同义词（complete homonyms）。
【点评】本题考查同形异义词的种类，属于语言学中语义学的基础，应识记。
26. T【解析】由于交际过程本质上是一个在特定语境中传递意义的过程，语用学也可以看作是一种意义研究。
【点评】本题考查语用学的定义，应理解记忆。
27. FExplain:The meaning representation of words may change, becoming broader, narrower, or shifted. The word knight once meant “youth”, but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry; When Juliet tells Romeo, “I’m too fond.” She is not claiming she likes Romeo too much. She means “I am too foolish”. These are not two examples of semantic broadening. The first example is semantic broadening while the second semantic shift.【解析】语义的广义化是指一个单词的意义变得比以前外延概括性更强，更具包含性的过程，题目中的“knight”从原来的只指年轻人到后来拓展到指拥有骑士般年龄，属于语义的广义化。