现在完成时_被动语态
英语现在完成时的被动语态
学习好资料欢迎下载英语（十八）Book2 Unit 3 语法现在完成时的被动语态构成：have/has been done 第三人称单数用has，第三人称复数以及其余人称用have。
否定式是在have/has 后加not，也可缩写成haven’t/hasn’t;构成疑问句时，附加问句借助于have/has。
特殊疑问句式：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词。
1.表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，这个动作是被动的。
This novel has been translated into several languages.2.还可以表示在过去发生的，已知延续到现在的并可能持续延续下去的被动动作或状态。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long…？”句型中。
The machine has been used for 3 years.3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时态的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished.4.注意1）现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词：have/has和been 缺一不可。
2）注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对想在造成的影响或结果。
The machine has been repaired.(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“修好了”) The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在昨天)3）不可与确定的表过去或将来的时间状语连用（如yesterday,three days ago,in 1970,in 2050等），但可与不确定的时间状语连用（如already，yet，just，often，recently，in the past few years等）They have been punished recently.4）有些动词像finish，buy，start，begin，return，join，marry，open，die等，表示的动作很短暂，我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。
现在完成时被动语态
ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ? never(从不) I have never seen him .
since(自从…以来) I’ve worked in the school since 1999.
for(长达) He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.
1、当你搬到一个新地方的时候可能会遇到困难。(arise) Difficulty may arise when you move to a new place. 2、他编造了一个故事来证明他是对的。(make up, prove) He made up a story to prove that he was right. 3、毕竟他已经不是个小孩，所以他应该为他所做的事情 负责任的。(after all) After all, he is not a child any more, so he should be responsible for what he does. 4、就我个人而言，没有他的帮助，我不可能成功。 (personally)
•Making up sentences using present perfect passive voice: machine
replace
computer
1The machine has been replaced by the computer
new bridge, build ,
in our city
Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice把下面句子改成现在完成时的被动 语态。
1 We have received many letters since last week.
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态是英语中的一种时态形式，用于表示动作的完成及其结果对主语的影响或对主语的经验、感受等的影响。
在句子中，被动语态的结构是“have/has been + 过去分词”。
被动语态表示的是动作的承受者或影响者，而不是动作的执行者。
下面将详细介绍现在完成时的被动语态的用法和构成。
一、肯定句的构成现在完成时的被动语态的肯定句结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”。
例如：- The book has been read by many people.- 这本书已经被很多人阅读。
在以上例子中，“The book”是被动句的主语，“has been read”是现在完成时的被动语态，“by many people”表示动作的执行者。
二、否定句的构成现在完成时的被动语态的否定句结构为“have/has not been + 过去分词”。
例如：- The letter has not been written yet.- 这封信还没有被写。
在以上例子中，“The letter”是被动句的主语，“hasnot been written”是现在完成时的被动语态。
三、疑问句的构成现在完成时的被动语态的疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词+?”。
例如：- Has the work been completed?- 工作已经完成了吗？在以上例子中，“the work”是被动句的主语，“Has been completed”是现在完成时的被动语态。
四、现在完成时被动语态的用法1. 表示动作的完成及其结果对主语的影响：例如：- The house has been built for three months.- 这座房子已经建造了三个月。
在以上例子中，“house”是被动句的主语，“has been built”是现在完成时的被动语态。
这句话强调的是房子已经建造完成，并且对主语产生了一定的影响。
现在完成时被动语态的例句
现在完成时被动语态的例句现在完成时被动语态指的是在现在进行状态下发生的动作，其语态为被动，比较常见的有以下几种：
1. 完成时被动语态：has/have been + 过去分词。
例句：The car has been repaired by the mechanic.
这句话的意思是“这辆车已经被修理师修理好了”。
在这个例子中，我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用，主语是“车”，动词是“修理”，被动语态是“被修理师”。
2. 完成时被动语态否定句：has/have not been + 过去分词。
例句：The problem has not been solved yet.
这句话的意思是“这个问题还没有解决”。
同样地，我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用，主语是“问题”，动词是“解决”，被动语态是“被解决”。
3. 完成时被动语态疑问句：has/have + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
例句：Have the packages been delivered to the customers?
这句话的意思是“这些包裹已经发给了顾客吗？”同样地，我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用，主语是“包裹”，动词是“发”，被动语态是“被发”。
完成时被动语态可以帮助我们表达已经完成的动作，同时强调被
动语态，即强调动作的对象是被动的。
因此，在英语写作中，正确使
用完成时被动语态是非常重要的技巧，也会让你的文章更加生动有力。
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态是英语考试中的重要考点，需要注意以下几点：首先要掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成，即使用has/have been done。
当主语为单数时，使用has been done；当主语为复数时，使用have been done。
例如：This book has been XXX.（这本书已被翻译成许多语言。
）His bikes have been sold out.（他的自行车已售罄。
）其次，要理解现在完成时被动语态的概念。
它强调的是一个在过去发生的被动动作，有两个意思：一是动作已经完成，强调对现在的影响或结果；二是主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。
例如：Our classroom has been cleaned。
you needn't clean it now.（我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在不需要再打扫了。
）These flowers have been watered。
you can go home.（这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
）最后，要掌握现在完成时被动语态的用法。
首先，它可以用于不知道动作执行者是谁的情况下。
例如：His XXX.（他的自行车被偷了。
）其次，它可以用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明的情况下。
例如：Not a book in the library has been XXX.（图书馆里的书没有一本被拿走。
）第三，它可以用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调的情况下。
例如：My watch has been repaired.（我的表已经修好了。
）第四，它可以用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方的情况下。
例如：Enough has been said here on this n.（关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。
）第五，它可以用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态。
例如：Road Blocked.（道路已被堵塞。
现在完成时被动
A. are not decided C. is not being decided
B. have not been decided D. has not been decided
3. That book _________into at least 20 D foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated
这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。 如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。 （我或别人现在进不去） 3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可 能持续下去。如： He has been told about it for many times.
7. Have you ever___ to the exhibition
which ___for three weeks?
A. gone; has been shown
B. visited; shown
C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted
1. ---How long _____ at this job? B
--- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
现在完成时和被动语态
现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：have/has + done4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：have或has提前对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。
那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。
其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。
而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。
弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。
它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。
例如：He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。
）He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。
）He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。
【语法】现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时◆现在完成时的基本结构have / has + done◆现在完成时的用法：（1）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）表示从过去的动作或状态，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
或表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”。
可用于“How long…?”句型中。
He has taught here since 1981.（可能还要继续教）I haven't seen her for four years.I have been to Beijing twice.How long has this film been on?二、现在完成时的被动语态◆现在完成时被动语态的基本结构：have/has +_______ done现在完成时被动语态的否定结构：complete______________ admit_______________ raise______________ replace______________ advertise_____________ solve_____________1. She has cleaned the windows.（改成被动语态）主语谓语宾语The windows (by her).主语谓语2. He hasn’t washed the dirty clothes. （改成被动语态）____________________________________________将下列句子改成被动语态。
1. Mary has locked the door.2. I have finished my homework.3. I have read this book many times.4. Tom has not repaired the computer.5. Jane has referred to the book.6. We have put up a notice on the wall.三、注意事项：1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
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现在完成时被动语态一、改成被动语态1. Workers have built the house since two years ago.2. We have received many letters since last week.3. My friend has bought a new personal computer.4. The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.二、连词成句1. The buildings, destroy, earthquake2. The machine，replace，the computer3. A new bridge, build, in our city4. Many trees, plant, along the road5. The problem, not, solve, we, yet三、适当形式填空1. How many workers _____________ (已派遣sent) to build the railway?2. — Why does Mary look so unhappy?— She _________________ (被嘲笑laugh at) by her classmates.3. It is said that the house __________________________ (闯进了break into) by two thieves.4. The two pens ________________________________ (未被拿走take away) by him.5. Where ______ the television _____________________ (已经修理了repair)?6. The price of a color TV set __________________________ (降价了bring down) again.7. What _____________________ (已被译成translate) into many foreign languages?四、正确时态填空1. The floor in our classroom_____________ (mop) every day2. Many accidents __________(cause) by careless driving.3. I ____________ (ask) to clean my room on Monday.4. We ___________(take)to that hospital by a taxi.5. A new coat __________(buy) for me by my mother last week.6. China's first television station _________(set up) by the workers in 19587. He ____________________(recognize) as soon as he arrives at this city8. All those old buildings _____________________(knock down )tomorrow.9. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums ________________(to the east of London.10. Do you know the thief __________________ (catch) by the police?11. All the preparations for the project ________________(complete),And we’re ready to start.12. ---How many times_____________________ (you ,tell ) not to play with fire?－I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again.13. The homework __________________ (must , hand in ) tomorrow.14. The flowers____________________(should, water) once a week.五．单选1. Both my brother work at the power station that _____ in my hometown.A. has set upB. has been set upC. was set upD. is set up2. _____ the sports meet will be put off.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m tol dD. I told3. All the preparations for the task _____, and we’re ready to start.A. completedB. completeC. had been completedD. have been done4. --- How long _____ at this job? --- Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided6. Betty _____ injured since last Saturday.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. has7. That book _____ into at least 20 foreign languages.A. has said to be translatedB. has been said to have translatedC. is said that it had been translatedD. is said to have been translated8. --- Hi, Tom, you look tired. --- Of course. I _____ the living room all day.A. had paintedB. paintedC. have been paintedD. have been painting9. --- Did you move into the new house? --- No. The rooms ______ yet.A. were being paintedB. are paintingC. have not paintedD. have not been painted10. Great changes _____ in my hometown and a lot of factories _____.A. have been taken place; are being set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. are taken place; had been set upD. took place; will set up11. It’s sai d that this book _____ into Chinese.A. had translatedB. has translatedC. was translatedD. has been translated12. You can’t move in .The house _____.A. is paintingB. is being paintedC. has paintedD. has been painted13. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north ofEngland last night.A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been cause14. Have you ever _____ to the exhibition which _____ for three weeks?A. gone; has been shownB. visited; shownC. been; has been on showD. went; lasted15. --- How long ago _____ these eggs _____? --- Perhaps 15 days.A. will; hatchB. did; hatchC. were; hatchedD. have; been hatched16. The construction of the two new railway lines _____ by now.A. has completedB. have completedC. have been completedD. has been completed17. I got caught in the rain and my suit _____.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined18. — I have got a headache.— No wonder. You _____ in front of that computer too long.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD. workedKEYS: 1 B 2A 3 D 4B 5D 6A 7D 8D 9D 10B 11C 12 B 13 A 14C 15C 16D 17C 18C。