新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结
2012年秋新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结Unti1 what’s the matter?短语归纳1.too much 太多2.lie down 躺下3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查4.take one ’s temperature 量体温5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药6.have a fever 发烧7.take breaks /take a break 休息8.without thinking twice 没多想9.get off 下车10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的thanks to多亏于；由于14.in time及时15.think about 考虑16.have a heart problem患有心脏病17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情19.fall down 摔倒20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战25.lose one’s life 失去生命26.because of 因为27.run out of 用完28.cut off 切除29.get out of 从...出来30.make a decision/decisions 做决定31.be in control of 掌管；管理32.give up 放弃用法归纳1.need to do sth .需要去做某事2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事5.agree to do sth 想要做某事6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事7.want to do sth 想要做某事8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难e sth to do sth用某物去做某事11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事12.seem to do sth 好像做某事13.keep on doing sth 继续做某事14.mind doing sth 介意做某事语法点1.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法2.情态动词should的用法情态动词should的用法表示劝告与建议，也表义务与责任第一人称问句中，征询建议要记清3.不定代词的用法相关阅读方法推理判断阅读法精细解读1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.?2. I had a cold.我感冒了。
have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a feverhave a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 词，意为，too much+ 词，意为。
5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。
good enough足够好，enough money=money money6. lie down躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。
Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。
He may be angry.8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you d on’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事，同意某人的看法、观点。
12. trouble问题，麻烦；be in trouble ，maketrouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doingsth 。
13. right away=right now=at once，意为。
14.【复习】advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doingsth .15. 【复习】exercise 动词意为，可数时意为，不可数时意为。
16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词，……（部位）疼。
His leg hurt badly.17. clean 【动词】，clean the classroom ，【形容词】，cleaner意为。
18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to becomea free bird.free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm.21. run out用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。
人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。
He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English.importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。
25. be in the control of …掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无法管理be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】mind意为，mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如Never give up easily.二、重要短语1. have a cold2. have a stomachache3. see sb. do sth.4. shout for help5. expect (sb.) to do sth.6. to one’s surprise7. thanks to …8. think about…9. be interested in sth.10. lose one’s life11. save one’s life12. take a risk=take risks13. cut off14. keep on doing sth.三、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
初二英语下册知识点归纳人教版
初二英语下册知识点归纳人教版一、Unit 1 What's the matter?1. 重点短语。
- have a cold 感冒。
- have a stomachache 胃痛；腹痛。
- have a sore back 背痛。
- lie down 躺下。
- take one's temperature 量体温。
- have a fever 发烧。
- take breaks (take a break) 休息。
- get off 下车。
- to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是；出乎……意料。
- right away 立即；马上。
- get into 陷入；参与。
- be used to 习惯于……；适应于……- take risks (take a risk) 冒险。
- run out (of) 用尽；耗尽。
- cut off 切除。
- get out of 离开；从……出来。
- be in control of 掌管；管理。
2. 重点句型。
- What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the trouble? 怎么了？- Should I put some medicine on it? 我应该在它（伤口）上敷些药吗？- You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。
- He hurt himself in P.E. class. 他在体育课上伤到了自己。
- Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。
3. 语法。
- 情态动词should的用法：should表示“应该”，用来提出建议或劝告，后接动词原形。
例如：You should see a dentist. 否定形式为shouldn't，例如：You shouldn't go to school late.二、Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.1. 重点短语。
新人教版｜八年级下册英语所有知识点大汇总
新人教版｜八年级下册英语所有知识点大汇总！Unit1 what' s the matter?1. It’s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的。
2. 情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
意为"应该......"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。
---You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下，多喝水。
3. maybe与may be（1）maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。
如：Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
（2）may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。
如：He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：（1）few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示肯定意义，有几个。
例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
202X年新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结
千里之行，始于足下。
202X年新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结以下是202X年新人教版八年级英语下册的各知识点归纳总结：1. Unit 1 hobbies- Vocabulary: hobbies and leisure activities- Grammar: present simple tense and adverbs of frequency- Function: talking about hobbies and leisure activities- Conversation skills: talking about preferences2. Unit 2 Growing pains- Vocabulary: emotions and feelings- Grammar: past continuous tense and present perfect tense - Function: talking about experiences and feelings- Conversation skills: discussing problems and solutions3. Unit 3 The support of education- Vocabulary: education and learning- Grammar: modal verbs for advice and obligation- Function: giving and asking for advice- Conversation skills: discussing educational issues4. Unit 4 Earthquakes- Vocabulary: natural disasters and related vocabulary- Grammar: passive voice and reported speech- Function: giving and seeking information第1页/共2页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
(完整版)最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全
最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全Unit 1重点短语:have a stomachache have a cold lie downtake one’s temperature have a fever go to a doctorto one’s surprise agree to (do sth.)get into troublebe used to take risks run out (of)cut off get out of be in control ofkeep on ( doing sth.）give up语言知识归纳：1. What’s the matter (w ith you)?此句用来询问别人的病情。
类似的句子还有：What’s wrong with you?/ What’s the trouble?matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。
What does it matter? It doesn’t matter.【例题】Does it ________ if we can’t finish it today?A. mindB. mindsC. matterD. matters2. I have a sore throat.have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”.have a cold have a fever have a sore backhave a stomachache have a cough【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat.A. a; hasB. /; hasC. a; haveD. /; have3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息lie down 躺下4.That’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。
人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点总结完整版
Unit 1 What’s the matter?一、重点短语1. have a fever 发烧2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a cold 受凉;感冒7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest躺下来休息11. hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist看牙医13. get an X-ray拍X光片14. take one’ s temperature量体温15. put some medicine on sth在……上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42.have problems breathing呼吸困难43. mountain climbing登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so…that 如此……以至于……48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在逆境屮50. keep on doing sth.坚持做某事51. make a decision做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃二、知识点解析1. What’s the matter? 怎么了？若是询问“某人怎么了?”要用“What’s the matter with sb.?”拓展：What’s the matter with sb.? 的同义句：What’s wrong with sb.? / What’s the trouble with sb.?2.疾病类短语：have a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽.have a +身体部位-ache. e.g.: have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛.have a sore+身体部位. e.g.: have a sore throat咽喉痛have a sore back背痛例题：Mom, I____________.I’m sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.A. have a headacheB. have a stomachacheC. have a toothacheD. have a fever3. lie down 躺下V. 躺，平躺。
人教版八年级下册各单元英语语法解析知识重点总结
新目标英语八年级(下)重点短语及句型总Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. fewer people 更少的人（fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定）2. less free time 更少的空闲时间（less 修饰不可数名词，表示否定）3. in ten years 10年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）4. fall in love with … 爱上……例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell inlove with him at once.当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他。
5. live alone 单独居住6. feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/ go alone 等）The girl walked alone along the street, but shedidn't feel lonely.那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独。
7. keep/ feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon 飞上月球9. hundreds of + 复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of;millions of）10. the same as 和……相同11. A be different from B A与B不同(= There is a difference/ Thgere aredifferences between A and B)12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up 表示“唤醒某人”)13. get bored 变得厌倦（get/ become 是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/ excited 等）14. go skating 去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/ fishing /skating/ bike riding 等）15. lots of/ a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）16. at the weekends 在周末17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)19. I don't agree. = I disagree. 我不同意。
人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结(最新最全)
八年级英语第一单元知识点归纳1. be scared of sb./sth. 恐惧某人/某物2. go up 上升，与rise 同义，与go down 或set 相反3. make a noise 发出声响，吵闹4. arrive in 到达，表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时，用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时，用介词at ；到达的地方用副词表示时，可不用介词。
5. not…until…直到……才……6. see…doing…停止做某事7. go cycling 相当于 go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。
8. nit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”，表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。
9. turn around 转身10. fall off 摔下来11. give sb. a push 推某人一下12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事13. get off 从……下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。
14. think about 思考、想起、想到（某人或某事）15. all day 一整天16. one by one 一个接一个地，类似有year by year 一年又一年；day by day 一天又一天。
八年级英语第二单元知识点归纳1. grow into 长成……2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物3. billions of 数十亿的，hundred, thousand, million , billion等词前面有具体数字时，其本身用单数形式，直接修饰名词；表示一个笼统的概念时，这些词用复数形式，而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。
4. look after = take care of 照顾，照料。
5. be full of 满，充满=be filled with6. be made of/from由……制成，be made of 表示在制成的过程中，原材料没有发生质的变化；be made from 表示在制成的过程中，原材料发生质的变化。
人教版八年级下册英语——知识点语法归纳总结
人教版八年级下册英语——知识点语法归纳总结Unit 1 What’s the matter?1. 短语归纳①have a cold/ fever/ stomachache…感冒、发烧、胃疼……②lie down 躺下③too much 太多④get an X-ray 拍片⑤take one’s temperature量体温⑥sound like 听起来像……⑦take breaks (take a break) 休息⑧go to a doctor 看医生⑨get off 下车⑩on the side of…在……边上have a heart problem 患心脏病wait for 等待to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的；出乎意料? thanks to 多亏；由于in time 及时think about 考虑，认为right away 立刻，马上get into trouble 陷入麻烦fall down 摔倒a few 几个，一些21 have problems breathing 呼吸困难22 get sunburned 晒伤23 look up 查阅24 be interested in…对……感兴趣25 be used to doing…习惯于做某事26 take risks (take a risk) 冒险27 lose one’s life 丧生28 became of 因为29 run out (of) 用尽，耗尽30 be ready to do sth. 准备做某事31 cut off 切除32 climb down 爬下33 get out of 离开；从……出来34 tell of 讲述35 the importance of (doing sth.) （做某事的）重要性36 be in control of 掌管，管理37 make a decision 做决定38 keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事39 give up 放弃40 cut/ hurt oneself 使自己受伤2. 典句必背①What’s the matter?②I have a stomachache.③What should I do?④Should I take my temperature?⑤I think you should lie down and rest.⑥If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.⑦His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.3. 用法集萃(1) 当别人心情不好，身体不适或遇到麻烦时，我们可以用如下表达表示关心：What’s the matter?What’s the matter with you?What’s wrong with …?What’s the trouble\problem with …?(2) 英语中常用have描述身体的不适，此时have意为“患有”，常用结构：①have a + 疾病例：have a cold 感冒；have a fever 发烧；have a cough 咳嗽②have a + 身体部位-ache例：have a headache 头痛；have a toothache 牙痛③have a sore + 身体部位例：have a sore throat 咽喉痛；have a sore back 背痛(3) lie down躺下；tell lies/a lie 说谎含义过去式过去分词躺；平躺lay lain位于撒谎；说谎lied lied(4) maybe & may be①maybe，“或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。
新人教版｜八年级下册英语所有语法全汇总
新人教版｜八年级下册所有语法全汇总一. 询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达方法1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达：What’s the matter with sb.某人怎么了What’s wrong with sb.某人怎么了What’s the trouble with sb 某人出什么事了What happened to sb 某人发生了什么事Are you OK 你没事吧Is there anything wrong with sb.某人有不舒服/麻烦吗2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构：①某人+have/has+病症The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了;②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛;③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛;④某人+hurts+身体部位或反身代词He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了;⑤某部位+hurts.My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害;⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛;⑦There is something wrong with one’s+身体部位There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病;⑧其他表达方式She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病;He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击;She cut her finger. 她割破手指了;二. 情态动词should的用法1. should为情态动词,意为“应该；应当”,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化;常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等;You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水;He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰;We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他; You shouldn‘t watch TV. 你不应该看电视;2. should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句,表示征询意见;Should I put some medicine on it 我应当给它敷上药吗Should we tell her about it 我们应该告诉她这件事吗3. 在英语中,表示建议的说法有很多,而且都是中考考查的重点;主要结构有：①Would you like to do sth你想要／愿意做某事吗Would you like to play basketball with me 你想要和我一起打篮球吗②Shall I/we do sth 我/我们做某事好吗Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow 明天我们去动物园,好吗③Why not do sth 为什么不......呢Why not join us为什么不加入到我们当中来呢④How/What about doing sth 做某事怎么样How about going swimming 去游泳怎么样⑤Let’s do sth. 让我们做......吧;Let’s go home. 咱们回家吧;⑥You’d better not do sth 你最好不要做某事;You’d better not go there alone. 你最好不要一个人去那儿;三. 反身代词英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致;第一人称第二人称第三人称单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物;如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物;如： She isn’t quite herself today.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气;如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中;如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用……随便吃/喝些……hurt oneself 弄伤自己say to oneself 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下注意反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用;如：我自己能完成作业;误Myself can finish my homework.正I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.四. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态;一般将来时的基本结构1. will+动词原形否定式：will not=won't一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式—Will he help you with your English tonight今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗—Yes, he will./No, he won't.是的,他会;/不,他不会;—When will you arrive for America你什么时候去美国—Tomorrow.明天;2. am/is/are going to +动词原形否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云,快要下雨了;Is he going to collect any data for us他会帮我们收集数据吗What are you going to do tomorrow明天你打算作什么3. will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换;但它们的用法是有区别的;will主要用于在以下三个方面：1表示主观意愿的将来;They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去厂参观工厂;2表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来;He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年这个时候他就将三十岁;3表示临时决定,通常用于对话中;—Mary has been ill for a week.玛丽病了一周了;—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.噢,我不知道;我去看看她;be going to主要用于以下两个方面：1表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事;Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧;2表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测;Look There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧乌云密集;天要下雨了;五. 动词不定式to do的用法1. 作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置; 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.2. 作宾语动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语;3. 作后置定语常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“Its time to do sth.”等结构中;4. 作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构;注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感feel,二听listen to, hear,三让let, make, have,四看look at, see, watch, notice,半帮助help”;5. 动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因;为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order to 或so as to “为了,目的是”;六. Could you please...句型1. 请求别人时通常用此句型,也可以说Can you...please情态动词could或can 在这里均表示请求,在意思上无区别,但是用could在于其显得更委婉、客气、诚恳;在日常生活中常使用could you/I...若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌; Could you help me find my book, please你能帮我找到我的书吗2. 对could you/I...的问句作出肯定回答,常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答,常用“sorry或oh, please don’t”; 一般不用no开头,用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌;3. 表示请求的其他句式Would you like to do...Would you mind doing...Let’s do....Please do...祈使句前加please七. 过去进行时1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作;这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示;常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等;We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视;It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨;2. 基本结构 was / were not + 动词-ing3. 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作;David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信;信写完了;David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信;信不一定写完;八. 状语从句1. unless引导条件状语从句unless = if...not... 除非,若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.2. as soon as引导时间状语从句,意为“一...就...”;He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. so...that...引导结果状语从句句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.九. 形容词/副词的比较等级形容词和副词有三个比较等级,即原级也就是原形、比较级表示“较……”或“更……”的意思,用于两者之间比较和最高级表示“最……”的意思,用于三者或三者以上的比较;1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化1单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;①单音节单词small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest2以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st; large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest3以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节即：辅音＋元音＋辅音单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest4以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est; easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest5其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most; beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most differenteasily→more easily→most easily2. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化good→better→bestwell→better→bestbad→worse→worstill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar →further/farther→ furthest/farthest3. 原级常用句型1A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A与B一样...eg. He is as tall as me.2A is not as/so +原级+ as B 表示A不如B...eg. He is not as tall as me.3只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too,so,enough,pretty等 ; eg. He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了;4. 比较级常用句型1当句中有than时则用比较级;eg. He is fatter than me.2“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B ”eg. Which is bigger,the earth or the moon哪一个更大,地球还是月球3“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越...”;eg. The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮;English is more and more important. 英语越来越重要了;4“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越...,越...”;eg. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.5可以修饰比较级的词：much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still等;eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一课比第二课容易得多;5. 最高级常用句型1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”;Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的;2.“主语+实意动词+the+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”;I jump the farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的;3.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……之一”;Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一;4.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级,甲,乙,or丙”用于三者或三者以上的比较; Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada哪个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大5.“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+the+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙”用于三者或三者以上的比较;Which season do you like the best,spring,summer or autumn你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天注意：副词最高级用在句中时,其前可以加the,也可以不加；但形容词最高级用在句中时,其前一般都要加the;十. 现在完成时一. 现在完成时基本结构①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句have/has+主语+过去分词二. 现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果;也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在;I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片;与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already肯定句, yet 否定句/疑问句, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等;2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去;He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿;动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去;此种用法常与for+时间段,since+时间点或过去时的句子连用;谓语动词必须是延续性动词;有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold。
初二英语下册知识点总结人教版
初二英语下册知识点总结人教版Unit 1Where's your pen pal from?知识点梳理：1.学习目标重点能够运用句型Where's your pen pal from?He/She's from… 进行交流，让学生能够初步了解及使用国家名称。
复习巩固本单元的国家名称，能够熟练朗读及拼写所学国家的名称。
2.句型－Where's your pen pal from? He's from Canada.－Is it a big city? Yes, it's a big city.3.单词Canada, Australia, Japan, pen pal, New York, London, Dublin, big, interesting, small 4.语言点Where's your pen pal from? He's from…Is it a big city? Yes, it's a big city.知识串记：1、Country and city英国 the UK 伦敦 London美国 the USA 纽约 New York加拿大 Canada澳大利亚 Australia爱尔兰 Ireland 都柏林 Dublin日本 Japan2、形容词比较级big huge small littleinteresting 更有趣的 boring 更无聊的good 好的 better 更好的3、句型Where is your pen pal from?他的笔友来自哪里？He/She is from…他／她来自……Is it a big city? 这是个大城市吗？Yes, it is. 是的，是个大城市。
No, it isn't.不，它不是。
Unit 2Where's the post office?知识点梳理：1.学习目标重点使学生通过Where’s the post office?等句型，初步了解并积累城市中的地理学习内容，对城市地理位置的认知。