美国文学2 Edgar Allan Poe
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allan poe 最著名的诗
《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》等是爱伦·坡最著名的诗。
1.爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809年1月19日-xxx），美国文学家、诗人、小说家、文学评论家和编辑，被誉为恐怖文学和侦探小说之父，以其心理恐怖文学作品著称。
2.《乌鸦》是爱伦·坡最著名的诗之一，它被认为是美国文学史上最伟大的作品之一，直到今天它仍然具有深远的影响力。
3.这首诗以诗人孤独和悲伤的内心世界为主题，描述了一个孤独哀伤的男子，因失去了心爱的女人琳达而陷入绝望之中。
4.诗中的“乌鸦”代表了逝去的象征，它不断地重复“从未更”这句话，无情地嘲讽诗人，使他更加绝望和绝望。
5.《乌鸦》采用了复杂的韵律和押韵，诗歌节奏感极强，语言精练而深刻，给人以极强烈的震撼。
6.另一首著名的爱伦·坡的诗是《安娜贝尔·李》，它也是他的代表作之一，被认为是恐怖文学史上的经典之作。
7.《安娜贝尔·李》以其超凡的想象力和深刻的洞察力，揭示了诗人对已故恋人的思念之情，以及对逝去爱情的深深怀念。
8.这首诗以其独特的想象力和对逝去的恐惧感，将爱情和逝去结合在一起，表现出了爱伦·坡深沉的内心世界和对恐怖的探索。
9.《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》都具有极强的艺术价值和文学价值，它们对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响，成为了后世文学作品的重要源泉。
10.爱伦·坡最著名的诗《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》不仅在诗歌创作上具有极高的艺术价值，而且在文学史上还产生了深远的影响，成为了美国文学史上的经典之作。
爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）以其独特的文学风格和对人性黑暗面的深刻洞察而闻名。
在他那短暂而不幸的一生中，他留下了许多著名的作品，其中最著名的当属《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》这两首诗。
《乌鸦》中的主人公，原本是一个愉快的年轻人，然而他的丧偶给他带来了无尽的痛苦和绝望。
Lecture 2 Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡
The Rocky Mountains
❖Long Tales
▪ The Gold-Bug (1843) ▪ Hans Phaall (1850) ▪ The Murders In The Rue Morgue (1841) ▪ The Mystery Of Marie Roget --- A Sequel To
About the man…
Married life…
In 1836 Edgar married his young cousin, Virginia Clemm.
She died in 1847. They had no children.
❖In his latter years, Poe was interested in several women. They included the poetess, Mrs. Sarah Helen Whitman, Mrs. Charles Richmond, and the widow, Mrs. Sarah Elmira Shelton, whom he had known in his boyhood as Miss Royster.
His famous poetry
❖ Alone ❖The City In the Sea Sleeper ❖ Lenore ❖ The Valley of Unrest ❖ The Haunted Palace ❖ The Raven ❖To Helen ❖Annabel Lee ❖ The Conqueror Worm ❖ Ulalume ❖A Valentine ❖ Eldorado
❖As Edgar grew older, he became involved in drinking and gambling. He was discharged from the Army for his neglect of duty. John Allan was so disappointed with Edgar, he cut him off and never had contact again.
Edgar Allan Poe 2
Style and theme
1.Poe’s best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as “frogpondians” after the pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as “metaphor-run mad”. He once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike transcendentalists,” only the pretenders and sophists among them.
Literary theory
1.Poe’s writing reflects his literary theories, which he presents in his critics and also in essays such as “the poetic principle.” He disliked didacticisms and allegory, though he believes that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To the end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
1.Poe’s best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as “frogpondians” after the pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as “metaphor-run mad”. He once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holley Chivers that he did not dislike transcendentalists,” only the pretenders and sophists among them.
Literary theory
1.Poe’s writing reflects his literary theories, which he presents in his critics and also in essays such as “the poetic principle.” He disliked didacticisms and allegory, though he believes that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To the end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Murders in the Rue Morgue The Purloined Letter
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
• Horror (Gothic )
The Fall of the House of Usher The Tell-TaleHeart Tell-Tale Heart
Literary theory
• The Philosophy of Composition • The Poetic Principle
Style
Traditional, but not easy to read
Reception
“the jingle man”
Emerson
“an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Reputation
• Master of the macabre • Forerunner of the detective story, science fiction, horror fiction, psychoanalytic criticism and symbolism • Aesthetic activist
Themes in Poe’s works
• Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
• Horror • Negative thoughts of science
Henry James
Tennyson Bernard Shaw
美国文学课件(Poe)
• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
美国作家Edgar Allan Poe
Contemplating Poe’s life, there seemed a prophecy “nevermore” following all the time. The black raven not only appeared in his art world, but, more importantly, croaked in his real life.
Thus melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.” And he concludes that “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”
In 1836,he married his thirteenyear-old cousion and lived a poor life.He gambled,drankexcessively, unemployed from time to time,which left him a bad reputation.His wife died in 1847, which left him inconsolable and more bitter with life thanever;He died,in mysterious circumstances,in October,1849. He lived and died in poverty.
His stories mark him as one of the originators of both horror and detective fiction. Many anthologies credit him as the "architect" of the modern short story.
美国文学2 Edgar Allan Poe..
Masculine rhyme: the recurrence of soundressed syllable eg. cold — bold
On the basis of the number of syllables Feminine rhyme: the stressed rhyming syllables are followed by identical unstressed syllables eg. spiteful— delightful
• 1.4.1. emotional, passionate, • Expressing and arousing strong feeling such as love, pity, fear, sadness, joy, etc from the author or from the reader
Triple rhyme: the rhyming stressed syllable is followed by two identical unstressed syllables eg. tenderly —slenderly
On the basis of the position in a line
• c. meter[格律]: poetic metre with a given number of feet, or fixed arrangement of accented and unaccented syllables. • Rising feet/meter: iamb (iambic), anapest (anapestic) • Falling feet/meter: trochee (trochaic), dactyl (dactylic)
美国文学史Edgar Allan Poe
Other works
Tales
The Black Cat The Cask of Amontillado A Descent into the Maelström The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar The Fall of the House of Usher The Gold-Bug Hop-Frog The Imp of the Perverse Ligeia The Masque of the Red Death Morella The Murders in the Rue Morgue The Oval Portrait The Pit and the Pendulum The Premature Burial The Purloined Letter The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether The Tell-Tale Heart
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Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.
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varied length, meter, and form. • d. Sonnet: 14 lines, the Italian (or
Petrarchan: 8-line octave + 6-line sestet; typical rhyming: abbaabba+cdcdcd/cdecde) and the English (or Shakespearean: three 4line quatrains + a concluding 2-line couplet)
eg. bright and night heaven and seven see and thee
1.3.7. Sound
Rhyme: two or more words or phrases
contain an identical or similar vowel-sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel-sound are identical and preceded by different consonants.
1.2.2. Lyram[诙谐诗]: short poem expressing an idea in clear and amusing way
• b. Elegy: a lament for the dead. • c. Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of
1.2.Types of poetry
• 1.2.1. Narrative poetry • a. Epic: long narrative poems that record
the adventures of a hero whose exploits [brave or adventurous deeds or action] are important to the history of a nation. As Homeric epics (a blind bard): The Iliad and The Odyssey • b. Ballad: a simple poem(less ambitious than epics) that tells a story. • c. Romance: another type of narrative poem, in which adventure is a central feature.
• d.“A good poem is the crystalization of word and emotions.”
• e. The traditional American dictionary defines poetry as : A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed languages chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
1.3. Elements of poetry
• 1.3.1. Voice: speaker and tone • 1.3.2. Diction: the best words in the best order
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) • 1.3.3. Imagery: a concrete representation of a
• 1.3.5. Symbolism: a symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents sth beyond itself.
• 1.3.6. Syntax: the grammatical structure of words in sentences and the development of sentences in longer units throughout the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
I. Introduction to poetry 1.1. What is poetry
• a. Emily Dickinson: “when I read something I feel so cold that no fire can warm me, I know it’s poetry; when I read something I feel my head is chopped off, I know it’s poetry.”
sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. • Images: visual, aural, tactile, olfactory
(something smelled), gustatory (sth tasted) • 1.3.4. Figures of speech: simile and metaphor
• b. The poet has found the emotion, the emotion has found the word.
• c. Wordsworth: “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.
Petrarchan: 8-line octave + 6-line sestet; typical rhyming: abbaabba+cdcdcd/cdecde) and the English (or Shakespearean: three 4line quatrains + a concluding 2-line couplet)
eg. bright and night heaven and seven see and thee
1.3.7. Sound
Rhyme: two or more words or phrases
contain an identical or similar vowel-sound, usually stressed, and the consonant sounds that follow the vowel-sound are identical and preceded by different consonants.
1.2.2. Lyram[诙谐诗]: short poem expressing an idea in clear and amusing way
• b. Elegy: a lament for the dead. • c. Ode: a long stately poem in stanzas of
1.2.Types of poetry
• 1.2.1. Narrative poetry • a. Epic: long narrative poems that record
the adventures of a hero whose exploits [brave or adventurous deeds or action] are important to the history of a nation. As Homeric epics (a blind bard): The Iliad and The Odyssey • b. Ballad: a simple poem(less ambitious than epics) that tells a story. • c. Romance: another type of narrative poem, in which adventure is a central feature.
• d.“A good poem is the crystalization of word and emotions.”
• e. The traditional American dictionary defines poetry as : A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of condensed languages chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme.
1.3. Elements of poetry
• 1.3.1. Voice: speaker and tone • 1.3.2. Diction: the best words in the best order
(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) • 1.3.3. Imagery: a concrete representation of a
• 1.3.5. Symbolism: a symbol is any object or action that means more than itself, any object or action that represents sth beyond itself.
• 1.3.6. Syntax: the grammatical structure of words in sentences and the development of sentences in longer units throughout the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe
(1809-1849)
I. Introduction to poetry 1.1. What is poetry
• a. Emily Dickinson: “when I read something I feel so cold that no fire can warm me, I know it’s poetry; when I read something I feel my head is chopped off, I know it’s poetry.”
sense impression, a feeling, or an idea. • Images: visual, aural, tactile, olfactory
(something smelled), gustatory (sth tasted) • 1.3.4. Figures of speech: simile and metaphor
• b. The poet has found the emotion, the emotion has found the word.
• c. Wordsworth: “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.