阅读Delta
DELTA CT2000高阶向量驱动器 说明书
&76使用之前在操作本产品前，请先详细阅读并注意相关安全讯息，确保自身安全及产品安全。
本说明书中为了详尽解说产品细部，会将外壳拿开或将安全遮盖物拆解后，以图文方式作为描述。
至于本产品在运转中，务必依照规定装好外壳及配线正确，参照说明书操作运行，确保安全。
说明书内文的图标，为了方便说明事例，会与实体机种稍有不同，但不会影响客户权益。
产品文件有更新或修改内容时，可至台达电子工业自动化类产品下载最新版本。
( /industrialautomation/ )当内文叙述有提及驱动器或驱动器文字叙述，皆意指交流马达驱动器。
目录01 产品装置…………………………………………………………………………………………...1-102 检查&建议…………………………………………………………………………………..……2-103 搬运……………………………………………………………………………………….……..…3-104 接线方式……………………………………………………………………………………….…4-105 主回路端子…………………………………………………………………………………….…5-106 控制回路端子…………………………………………………………………………………….6-107 配件选购……………………………………………………………………………………….…7-108 配件卡………………………………………………………………………………………...…..8-109 规格表………………………………………………………………………………………..….9-110 数字操作器使用说明…………………………………………………………………………10-111 参数一览表……………………………………………………………………………………11-112 参数详细说明…………………………………………………………………………………12-113 警告显示码说明………………………………………………………………………………13-114 故障显示码说明………………………………………………………………………………14-115 CANopen Slave ……………………………………………………………………………….15-116 PLC应用……………………………………………………………………………………...16-117 交流马达驱动器选择……………………………………………………………………………17-118 客户使用建议与排除方式………………………………………………………………………18-1适用版本Control BD V0.01;Keypad V1.01;产品装置01 产品装置当使用者拿到产品机种时，请参考下列步骤，以确保使用安全。
五大托福听力练习软件的简单介绍
五大托福听力练习软件的简单介绍五大托福听力练习软件由易到难为langman, delta, Kaplan, barron，TPO，分别如下：托福模考软件之LangmanLangman界面还好,但是题实在是太简单了。
Kaplan软件做的很好,可以录音,口语还有范答,用起来也很顺手。
它的阅读文章难度比较大,因为全是文科文章。
比如历史文化地理什么的,很适合理科生折磨自己,不过题不难。
听力语速长度都还好吧,题简单。
因此考生可以根据自己的实际英语水平，决定是否需要联系练习，或者是作为初练。
托福模考软件之delta托福delta分为蓝和红两本书，据说题目丰富，难度比较适宜，适合考生作为前期的强化训练用。
托福模考软件之Kaplan目前Kaplan 系列有2个版本，2008版和2009新版，但是，通过使用2本书作为参考后发现，这两本书在模考方面没有大的更新，和在网络上流传的版本是一模一样的。
同时，该模考软件的阅读部分有乱码，听力部分比正常考试时间显得要短一些，而且无法通过打开光盘进行重听题目。
口语部分的第1、2题出的和考试基本接近，但是在第四题的时候，reading 里的专业概念和具体的例子关联性不大，和考试有一定偏差。
并且听力的第5题有时听起来过于啰嗦，第六题比较接近真实考试。
写作部分的综合写作和考试的相似性不大。
该书建议有时间就做，没时间可以放弃。
托福模考软件之barronBarron是最难的,而且带加试。
听力加个加试就是1个半小时,阅读更长。
barron难主要体现在它的长度上,阅读还好,听力比较难,有的lecture到10分钟了都。
不过题不是很难。
托福模考软件之TPOTPO界面和真正考试是一样的,题比较简单，但针对性较强，听力、写作、阅读、口语每部分都要好好利用。
其中流传于这样的一句话，TPO在手，托福考试不怕，虽然有点夸张，但是其重要性还是可见一斑。
大家常用的TPO网站有TPO小站，但需要下载，还有些BUG。
托福阅读常考词汇题解题技巧
托福阅读常考词汇题解题技巧托福阅读常考词汇题解题技巧词汇题常见题目形式：The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…The word/phrase…in the passage means…The word/phrase…in paragraph…Refers to…what is…?或许，很多同学会说我的词汇量非常有限，在考试中遇到这种词汇题，如果不认识就无计可施，只能靠第六感了。
其实，托福阅读中涉及到的词汇题还是有一定的解题规律的，以下将分两种类型进行讲解：一、熟悉的词汇当所考词汇是你认识的词时，分两步：直接在所给的四个选项中找出相近词;将选定的选项代入考察词汇所在的原文语境中，验证是否符合句意，以防止一词多义的情况。
例如：TPO-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二题：2. The word "exhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. fight offB. showC. causeD. spread解题过程：这是一道词汇题。
所考词汇exhibit是高频词汇，它的基本意思是“展示、显示”。
因此，选项Bshow是exhibit的同义词;将其代入exhibit所在的语境中进行验证，原句“Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit manyof the symptoms just described.”可提取主干(Plants exhibitsymptoms)，将选项B代入即“植物显示症状”符合语境，因此，选项B正确。
二、不认识的词汇遇到不认识的词汇，千万不要归因于自己词汇量不足，无计可施进而放弃。
托福阅读中的词汇题存在一定的推理规律，这时候要采取以下措施：找到考察词汇所在的句子，寻找推理线索(95%的词汇题都暗含线索)，由线索得出的关联信息，分析句意或主干进行推理判断及排除。
托福阅读词汇大全之戏剧篇
托福阅读词汇大全之戏剧篇托福阅读中涉及到很多词汇的使用，任何情况下词汇是至关重要的，在复习托福考试时，Delta是很多考生的备考资料。
而且其中部分出现的生词也很有可能出现在托福实战中。
下面我们就搜集整理了部分托福阅读词汇中的戏剧篇，以便大家在托福阅读中更好地应对生词。
tragedy 悲剧one-act play 独幕剧opera 歌剧farce 滑稽戏，趣剧(stage) play 话剧Beijing opera 京剧historical play 历史剧puppet show 木偶戏(a play) in three acts and five scenes 三幕五场(剧)comedy 喜剧operetta 小歌剧pantomime 哑剧playwright 编剧，剧作家dress rehearsal 彩排traditional theatrical pieces 传统剧目director 导演climax 高潮libretto 歌剧脚本intermezzo 间奏曲part, role 角色title role 剧名角色rehearsal 排演plot 情节episode 情节中的插曲character 人物stage version 上演本(one’s) lines 台词prologue 序幕leading role (character) 主角chief actress 女主角chief actor 男主角to present on the stage 搬上舞台to rehearse 排演to play the role of ……扮演(某一角色) to put on a play 演出，上演announcer, master of ceremonies 报幕员repertoire 保留节目(总称)scenery, decor 布景scene-painter 布景画家setting designer 布景设计人scene-man 布景员properties, props 道具property man 道具管理员top light 顶灯costume 服装farewell performance 告别演出back stage 后台applause 喝采make-up 化装make-up man 化装师dressing room 化装室foot light 脚灯synopsis 剧情简介company, troupe 剧团spotlight 聚光灯curtain 幕first performance, premiere 首次演出prompter 提词人prompters’ box 提词厢stage 舞台stage manager 舞台监督stage effect 舞台效果stage illumination, lighting 舞台照明interval, intermission 休息revolving stage 旋转舞台mobile troupe 巡回演出队art director 艺术指导sound effect 音响效果possible encore 预备节目orchestra pit 乐池to applaud 喝彩The curtain falls. 幕落The curtain rises. 幕启to present a bouquet (a basket of flowers) to ……献花to answer a curtain call; to respond to a curtain call 谢幕Encore! 再来一次to give an encore 再唱(演奏)一次box 包厢exit 出口cinema 电影院gallery 顶层楼座opera house 歌剧院audience, spectators 观众aisle (座位中的)走道programme 节目单theatre 剧院opera glasses 看戏望远镜house full， full house 客满，满座auditorium 礼堂upper circle 楼厅(二楼)后座dress circle 楼厅(二楼)前座open-air theatre, amphitheatre 露天剧场puppet show theatre 木偶剧场usher 男引座员usherette 女引座员以上就是托福阅读中戏剧篇，希望给每一位考生一个更好地了解托福阅读的途径。
剑桥雅思5Test3Pessage2阅读译文
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思5Test3Pessage2阅读译文-Disappearing Delta,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思5Test3阅读Passage2答案解析。
Disappearing Delta日益消失的三角洲A The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast at an astounding rate，in some parts estimated at 100 metres per year.In the past，land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile，but this is no longer happening.A 尼罗河三角洲在地中海沿岸的肥沃土地正以惊人的速度遭到侵蚀。
在某些地段，估计侵蚀速度会达到100米/年。
过去，由地中海洋流冲刷掉的沿岸土地会得到由尼罗河带到三角洲的土壤的补充，但是现在情况却发生了改变。
B Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of Egypt，which hold back virtually all of the sediment that used to flow down the river. Before the dams were built，the Nile flowed freely carrying huge quantities of sediment north from Africa’s interior to be deposited on the Nile delta.This continued for 7,000 years，eventually covering a region of over 22,000 square kilometres with layers of fertile silt.Annual flooding brought in new, nutrient-rich soil to the delta region，replacing what had been washed away by the sea，and dispensing with the need for fertilizers in Egypt’s richest food-growing area.But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation，and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought，most of the sediment with its naturaI fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta.B 到目前为止，人们一直在指责埃及南部阿斯旺的两座大坝，认为它们造成了三角洲土地的流失，这两座大坝几乎将所有原来顺尼罗河直下的淤泥都阻挡住了。
DELTA DPA系列压力传感器 说明书
（输出一 Lo）、
（输出二 Hi）、
(输出二 Lo)，按
键
设定 Hi/Lo 值。
【图二：迟滞模式输出图】
3. 窗型模式：设定压力 Hi/Lo。当测量压力大于 Hi 或小于 Lo 值时，输出为 OFF。当测量压力大于 Lo 且小于 Hi 值时，输出为 ON。（见 图三：窗型模式输出图）
在测量模式下，按
键找到
键设定 Hi/Lo 值。
（输出一 Hi）、
（输出一 Lo）、
（输出二 Hi）、
（输出二 Lo），按
在进阶设定模式下，按
键找到
，按
键设定 dP 值。
【图三：窗型模式输出图】
注：输出为 ON 时，若输出状态设定为 N.O.（常开），则输出为关。若输出状态设定为 N.C.（常关），则输出为开。输出为 OFF 时，
若输出状态设定为 N.O.（常开），则输出为开，若输出状态设定为 N.C.（常关），则输出为关。
-5-
ᕩన!ؠ
在测量模式下，同时按
键时会显示
ሀᑢᏮΑਕ!
，归零开始。放开按键归零结束。
当压力输入变化时，模拟输出将对应输入变化。例如：压力输入范围为-100kPa ~ 100kPa 且读值为-100kPa 时，输出为 4mA 或 1V；读 值为 100kPa 时，输出为 20mA 或 5V。（见图四：模拟输出图）
模式切换按键操作方式：开机设定于测量模式，显示 PV/SV 值。在测量模式下按
键超过二秒，可切至简易设定模式。在测量模式
下按
键超过四秒，可切至进阶设定模式。在简易设定模式或进阶设定模式下，按
键超过二秒，可切回至测量模式。
内部选项切换按键操作方法：在测量模式、简易设定模式或进阶设定模式下，按
DELTA DTE10P系列温度控制器 说明书
Αਕ̈́ঈఢॾ!
输入电源 操作电压范围 电源消耗功率 输入传感器 采样频率 控制方法 输出配件种类 直流电 24 V，采隔离式开关电源 额定电压 90 ~ 110% Max. 10W + 3W × DTC2000 并接数（最多可并接 7 台） 热电偶对：K, J, T, E, N, R, S, B, L, U, TXK 白金测温电阻：Pt100、JPt100、Ni120、Cu50 热电偶对或白金电阻： 1.0 秒/所有输入 PID、PID 可编程、手动、ON/OFF 继电器输出，单刀单闸，最大负载为交流 250 V，3 A 的电阻性负载。
րЕޘଠטጡፆү͘Ί!
非常感谢您选用台达产品，请在使用前，详细阅读本使用说明书，并将手册放置于易拿处以便参考。
ڦຍְี!
注意！电击危险！ 本机为开放型装置，因此在使用本机时，必须安装于具防尘、防潮及免于电击∕冲击的外壳配电箱内，另必须具备保护措施（如：特 殊的工具或钥匙才可打开）防止非维护人员操作或意外冲击本体，造成危险与损坏。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 如果有尘土或金属残渣掉入机身，可能会造成误运行。请勿修改或擅自拆卸本控制器。空余端子请勿使用。 安装时离开高电压及具有强高周波噪声的地方防止干扰。在会发生以下情况的场所避免使用此控制器： (a) 灰尘过多及有腐蚀性气体 (b) 高湿度及高辐射 (c) 震动及冲击
ଠ͞טёనؠĈ!
本机提供 PID、ON-OFF、手动控制、可编程 PID 控制。控制输出方式在 H10B8 到 H10BF（默认值 = 0：PID 模式） ，PID 参数可由通讯 地址 H1028 到 H105F，ON-OFF 参数在 H1058 到 H106F，手动控制参数则在 H1070 到 H107F。
DELTA 以太网通讯卡DVP-FEN01使用说明书
DVP -FEN01以太⽹通讯卡地址：上海市浦东新区民夏路238号邮编：201209电话：（021）5863-5678传真：（021）5863-0003网址：DVP -0206810-012018/08/28上海电话:(021)6301-2827传真:(021)6301-2307武汉电话:(027)8544-8265传真:(027)8544-9500济南电话:(0531)8690-7277传真:(0531)8690-7099乌鲁木齐电话:(0991)6118-160传真:(0991)6118-289沈阳电话:(024)2334-1612传真:(024)2334-1163南昌电话:(0791)8625-5010传真:(0791)8625-5102长沙电话:(0731)8827-7881传真:(0731)8827-7882郑州电话:(0371)6384-2772传真:(0371)6384-2656西安电话:(029)8669-0780传真:(029)86690780-8000长春电话:(0431)8892-5060传真:(0431)8892-5065合肥电话:(0551)6281-6777传真:(0551)6281-6555南宁电话:(0771)5879-599传真:(0771)2621-502北京电话:(010)8225-3225传真:(010)8225-2308成都电话:(028)8434-2075传真:(028)8434-2073南京电话:(025)8334-6585传真:(025)8334-6554厦门电话:(0592)5313-601传真:(0592)5313-628天津电话:(022)2301-5082传真:(022)2335-5006重庆电话:(023)8806-0306 传真:(023)8806-0776杭州电话:(0571)8882-0610传真:(0571)8882-0603广州电话:(020)3879-2175传真:(020)3879-2178太原电话:(0351)4039-475传真:(0351)4039-047哈尔滨电话:(0451)5366-0643传真:(0451)5366-0248绵密网络 专业服务中达电通已建立了48个分支机构及服务网点，并塑建训练有素的专业团队，提供客户最满意的服务，公司技术人员能在2小时内回应您的问题，并在48小时内提供所需服务。
DELTA理论
DELTA理论——在所有市场里隐藏的次序【原著】威尔茨.维尔德【翻译】stu本书由DELTA国际社团出版并发行地址：北卡罗来纳州McLeansville市McLeansville路5615号128号邮箱邮编：27301DELTA国际社团永久授权出版《DELTA理论——在所有市场里隐藏的次序》价格：175美元。
重要提示专利申明在此公开的概念和重要资料，其使用方法已经申请专利。
专利权受严格保护，严禁侵犯。
版权所有©1991年DELTA国际社团版权所有者保留本书文字和资料的所有权利。
未经DELTA国际社团的允许，禁止部分或者完整地复制这些资料。
序言我从没有想过，即使在我维尔德的梦里，我也从没有【想过】写本书…更不用说出版它。
但是，1990年夏天，刊登在一家国内报纸上的一则几乎不引人注意的广告，引发了连锁反应，导致本书的出版。
广告刊登的那天，两个DELTA高级会员（来自世界不同地方）给我打电话，提醒我注意这则广告。
他们关心DELTA秘密，那是他们为之付出了$35,000元的秘密。
其中一人还将广告传真给我，我必须承认，我被所看到的东西震惊，并感到一阵慌乱。
有人（我应该称他为盖瑞.麦克汉恩）针对我而来，宣称将出一本书，书中揭示了一个秘密，就是“关于市场的最重要的发现。
”广告的版式和用词，与1985年和1986年，我在全世界的报纸和杂志上刊登的广告——关于“DELTA国际社团”的广告，几乎完全一样。
乔治.麦若卡的图表…“在相同的两种时间结构上的转折点，可以预测十年甚至更多”的描述….甚至精确度一词（轻微改变）全都与我之前的广告一样。
我立刻知道，这个星球上没有任何东西，除了DELTA现象能够如广告里所宣称的那样。
我不仅惊讶于某些人正在出版关于DELTA的书，而且他还使用我的广告去销售它。
开始，我想获得一本这样的书，但是，我被告知在3~4周内，它还不能面世。
接着，我又试图联系盖瑞.麦克汉恩，但是没有成功。
剑桥雅思5test3reading2的阅读全文解析-智课教育出国考试
智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料剑桥雅思5test3reading2的阅读全文解析-智课教育出国考试本文小编为大家带来的是剑桥雅思5test3reading2的阅读全文解析，希望大家能够关注，这里对文章的难度、疑难词、高频词、长难句、文章结构都进行了详细的分析，是非常值得大家参考的雅思阅读素材，下面是详细内容，一起来看看吧！You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26. which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D—F from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsiEffects of irrigation on sedimentation(沉淀，沉积)iiThe danger of flooding the Cairo areaiiiCausing pollution in ihc MediterraneanivInterrupting a natural processVThe threat to food productionviLess valuable sediment(n.沉积，沉淀物) than beforeviiEgypt's disappearing coastlineviiiLooking at the long-term impactExample Paragraph A Answer vii14 Paragraph B ivExample Paragraph C Answer vi15 Paragraph D i16 Paragraph E v17 Paragraph F viiiDisappearing Delta（逐渐消失的三角洲）A The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt's Mediterranean coast at an astounding rate, in some partsestimated at 100 metres per year. In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the currents of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Mile, but this is no longer happening.B Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of Egypt, which hold back virtually all of the sediment that used to flow down the river. Before the dams were built, the Nile flowed freely, carrying huge quantities of sediment north from Africa's interior to be deposited on the Nile delta. This continued for 7,000 years, eventually covering a region of over 22,000 square kilometers with layers of fertile silt. Annual flooding brought in new, nutrient-rich soil to the delta region, replacing what had been washed away by the sea, and dispensing with the need for fertilizers in Egypt's richest food-growing area. But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in the southern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta.C Now, however, there turns out to be more to the story. It appears that the sediment-free water emerging from the Aswan dams picks up silt and sand as it erodes the river bed and banks on the 800-kilometre trip to Cairo. Daniel Jean Stanley of the Smithsonian Institute noticed that water samples taken in Cairo, just before the river enters the delta, indicated that the river sometimes carries more than 850 grams of sediment per cubic metre of water - almost half of what it carried before the dams were built. 'I'm ashamed to say that the significance of this didn't strike me until after I had read 50 or 60 studies,' says Stanley in Marine Geology. 'There is still a lot of sediment coming into thedelta, but virtually no sediment comes out into the Mediterranean to replenish the coastline. So this sediment must be trapped on the delta itself.'D Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometres of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or veryslow-moving and thus cannot carry sediment, Stanley explains. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by formers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the outer edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.E The farms on the delta plains and fishing and aquaculture in the lagoons account for much of Egypt's food supply. But by the lime the sediment has come to rest in the fields and lagoons it is laden with municipal, industrial and agricultural waste from the Cairo region, which is home to more than 40 million people. 'Pollutants are building up faster and faster,' says Stanley.Based on his investigations of sediment from the delta lagoons, Frederic Siegel of George Washington University concurs. 'In Manzalah Lagoon, for example, the increase in mercury, lead, copper and zinc coincided with the building of the High Dam at Aswan, the availability of cheap electricity, and the development of major power-based industries/ he says. Since that time the concentration of mercury has increased significantly. Lead from engines that use leaded fuels and from other industrial sources has also increased dramatically. These poisons can easily enter the food chain, affecting the productivity of fishing and farming. Another problem is that agricultural wastes include fertilizers which stimulate increases in plantgrowth in the lagoons and upset the ecology of the area, with serious effects on the fishing industry.F According to Siegel, international environmental organizations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available. 'In my view, Egypt must devise a way to have more water running through the river and the delta,' says Stanley. Easier said than done in a desert region with a rapidly growing population.Questions 18-23Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writerin Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement reflects the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this18 Coastal erosion occurred along Egypt's Mediterranean coast before the building of the Aswan dams. YES19 Some people predicted that the Aswan dams would cause land loss before they were built. NG20 l"he Aswan dams were built to increase the fertility of the Nile delta. NO21 Stanley found that the levels of sediment in the river water in Cairo were relatively high. YES22 Sediment in the irrigation canals on the Nile delta causes flooding. NG23 Water is pumped from the irrigation canals into the lagoons. YESQuestions 24-26Complete the summary of paragraphs E and F with the list of words A-H below.Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 24 26 on your answer sheet.In addition to the problem of coastal erosion, there has been a marked increase in the level of 24......F.....contained in the silt deposited in the Nile delta. To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of 25......A.....in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available through 26......B......in the longer term.A artificial floodsB desalinationC delta waterwaysD natural floodsE nutrientsF pollutantsG population controlH sediment这篇文章相对来说并不是很难，讲述的就是尼罗河逐渐消失的三角洲的自然现象，所以如果基础稍好的考生理解这篇文章是完全没有问题的，下面我们来看看本文需要掌握的生词和高频词汇：1. 疑难词注解sedimentation(沉淀，沉积)sediment(n.沉积，沉淀物)fertile land(肥沃的土地、良田)scoured 擦洗，腐蚀，冲刷replenish(补充)aquaculture(水产养殖)municipal(市政的，市的)mercury(汞)lead(铅)copper(铜)zinc(锌)leaded fuels(加铅燃料)desalination(海水淡化，脱盐作用)Easier said than done说起来容易做起来难desert region(不毛之地)2. 高频词Erode侵蚀，腐蚀hold back(隐瞒，退缩，阻止)square kilometres(平方公里)dispensing with(无需，免除，省掉)upstream(上游)coincided with(符合，与……一致)文章虽然不是很难，但是难免总是有一些长难句困扰着大家，本文为大家带来本篇文章的一些长难句分析，希望大家能够从中获益。
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○A truth ○B consciousness
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○C education ○D experience
The theories of John Dewey (1859-1952), philosopher and educator, have had a tremendous impact on generations of thinkers. Dewey viewed life as a continuously reconstructive process, with experience and knowledge building on each other. He believed that learning is more than the amassing and retention of information; learning is learning how to think. Thinking is not something abstract; it is a living process that starts when old habits meet new situations.
2. The word sequential in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ○A continuous ○B apparent ○C conscious ○D interesting
3. Why does the author mention a river in paragraph 3?
○A We can comprehend what truth is only if we separate truth from experience and study each individually. ○B The truth of any experience cannot be understood unless it is compared with past experiences. ○C It is more important to learn from personal experience than to study philosophy to understand truth. ○D We must study experience to know the meaning of truth because the two are necessarily connected.
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○A To describe how thoughts and feelings flow into each other ○B To compare the processes of falling asleep and waking up ○C To emphasize the complexity of bodily sensations ○D To show that truth is not absolute and unchangeable
James focused on what he called the “stream” of experience, the sequential course of events in our lives. He believed that human consciousness is a stream of thoughts and feelings, and that this stream of consciousness is always going on, whether we are awake or asleep. The steam consists of very complex waves of bodily sensations, desires and aversions, memories of past experiences, and determinations of the will. One wave dissolves into another gradually, like the ripples of water in a river.
In James’s theory, thought and experience are connected. Incoming waves of thought flow in next to outgoing waves of previous experience and thus become associated with each other. An incoming thought is “workable” only if it is meaningful and can be associated with something already in the person’s mind. James’s theory supports later theories of
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刀客 征服新托福阅读
associative learning, which assert that new learning involves activating previous learning to find “hooks” on which to hang new information.
刀客 征服新托福阅读
Байду номын сангаас
7. All of the following ideas are part of Dewey’s theory of experience and education EXCEPT
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刀客 征服新托福阅读
central concern. Furthermore, truly progressive education must involve the participation of the learner in directing the learning experience.
刀客 征服新托福阅读
Theories of Experience and Education
Two American philosophers, William James and John Dewey, developed very influential theories about how we think and learn. Both believed that the truth of any idea is a function of its usefulness and that experience is central to learning.
1. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
4. The word it in paragraph 4 refers to ○A James’s theory ○B previous experience ○C incoming thought ○D the person’s mind
5. The word reconstructive in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ○A exciting ○B creative ○C unifying ○D aimless
Dewey asserted that experience is central to education; however, experience cannot be equated with education because all experiences are not necessarily educative. Experience is educative only when it contributes to the growth of the individual. It can be miseducative if it distorts the growth of further experience. It is the quality of experience that matters. Thus, productive experience is both the means and the goal of education.
William James (1842-1910) was a philosopher and psychologist who believed that truth is not absolute and unchangeable; rather, it is made in actual, real-life events. In a person’s life, there are experiences that have meaning and truth for that person. Truth cannot be separated from experience, and in order to understand truth, we have to study experience itself. Thus for James, human experience should be the primary subject of study, and he called upon thinkers to concentrate on experience instead of essences, abstractions, or universal laws.