高考英语定语从句讲解
高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法

高考14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句一、定语从句用法讲解用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般跟在先行之后。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人);that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。
that也可以指人,which 不能指人。
who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语。
例如:This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day.This is the boy whose father is an English teacher.This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken.= This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday.This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday.This is the book whose cover is gone.注意:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
用来引导定语从句的副词(when, where, why)叫关系副词。
when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
例如:I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class.二、定语从句用法定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点,也是历年高考的热点。
高考英语定语从句特殊情况下用法讲解

高考英语定语从句特殊情况下用法讲解一、考点分析定语从句的介词加关系代词的用法是定居从句中的重难点,在题型上主要在语法填空和翻译句子中考到。
二、专题详解A、定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。
Everything that he said was true.2.当先行词被the very(恰恰,正好), the only,any,few,little,no,all修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.The only thing that is constant is change.There was little that we could do to help her.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.What is the first American film that you have seen?5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。
高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句_同位语从句_强调句

高考英语语法专题讲解-高考英语语法专题讲解1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考:(1)找出先行词;(2)看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);(3)选择合适的关联词。
1.2何时用that ?何时用which?1.2.1只能用that 的3种情况:(1)先行词被序数词最高级,以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过.(2)先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词.(3)先行词同时是人和物并列时.ter my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and persons that theyremembered in school.1.2.2 只能用which的情况:(1)介宾短语(2)指代前面的一件事e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3关系代词as(正如…)1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语e.g.As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同一块材料)We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语e.g.She is remarkable, as I have told you .She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件)She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)=He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as的固定用法:As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, …1.4 all that和whatAll that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.that引导定语从句that引导表语从句= What I know is that……What引导主语从句1.5 关系副词: where, when, why比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.I will never forget the day that we spent.....together.The reason...... why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.T he reason you gave me yesterday cannot be accepted.The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句只要在定语从句中担任状语的,就用关系副词。
高中英语2025届高考语法难点非限制性定语从句知识讲解

高考英语语法难点非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的构成非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明,去掉不会影响主句的意思,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
先行词可以是主句中的某个名词或名词词组,也可以是主句中的谓语部分,或者是整个主句。
如:My grandmother,who is over eighty years old, still does housework on her own.(先行词为My grandmother)The plane was delayed,which made the passages very angry.(先行词为整个主句The plane was delayed)He sang us a folk song,which he had learned during his stay in the countryside.(先行词为a folk song)Mrs.Zhang is extremely popular amongstudents, as is common knowledge.(先行词为整个主句,从句对主句内容进行评述)2.非限制性定语从句的关系词非限制性定语从句由关系代词which、who、whom、whose或关系副词when、where等引导。
1) who、which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。
如:Bob lent me a thousand dollars,which was exactly the amount I need.鲍勃借给我一千美元,正好是我所需要的数目。
The children,who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.想踢足球的孩子们因下雨而感到失望。
The computer,which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.计算机似乎起着人脑的作用,所以常被称为电脑。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题

高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词(一)定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词:when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后,定语从句之首,,起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词:定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when(指时刻,在定语从句中作时刻状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指缘故,在定语从句中作缘故状语)。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语,用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人,在定语从句中作宾语,用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物,在定语从句中作宾语,用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
高考高中英语核心语法详解 定语从句

高考高中英语核心语法详解定语从句关系从句//定语从句一、基础知识1. 由来:两个句子之间要有一个重复元素产生关联。
重复点上改写为关系词,由此产生关系从句。
这个重复点在主要从句中称为先行词(antecedent)。
在关系从句中称为关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
结构一般比较固定:先行词+关系词+从句例:The boss lives opposite my house. 那位老板住在我家对面。
He is very rich. 他很富有。
说明:the boss 和he 为重复点;下面保留boss,把he改写为who,组成一句话:The boss who lives opposite my house is very rich. 住在我家对面的那位老板很富有。
boss称为为先行词;who为关系引导词;who引导的句子称为关系从句或定语从句。
2.内涵:忌重复原则决定,目的让句子更紧凑;尾重原则,决定重点信息后置。
3.先行词:被关系从句所修饰的词The tall man who is standing over there is my uncle. 正站在那儿的高个子男士是我叔叔。
man为先行词。
4. 关系词:让两个句子产生关联;具有双重角色;(1)角色一:代替前面的先行词;(2)角色二:起到连接作用,并在其引导的句子中承担相应语法成分;例:This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。
that代替前面的先行词book; that同时是其引导句子中bought的宾语。
5. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分口诀: 有无逗号;限定不限定;展开不展开;a. 限制性: 从句紧跟先行词,两者之间无逗号,并且句意特别指定先行词,并不展开。
b.非限制性:先行词与从句中间用逗号隔开;句意非特指不限定,从句继续展开。
例:限制性There is a tribe of busy little people who live in the Frozen Zone.一个忙碌的小人部落住在冰冻区。
高考英语定语从句语法专项学习复习课件
2> 句中有两个定语从句,一个用了that, 为避免重复或引起歧义
The man that spoke at the meeting is our headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.
例 5) The girl ____w_h_o_/_th_a_t_ is sewing a dress studies in a
句 vocational school
展 6) What do you think of the coat __w_h_i_c_h_/t_h_a_the made?
示 7) These are the wires with __w_h_i_c_h_ different machines are
宾语 Who(m)/that That/which
that
定语
whose Whose/of which
1) This is a truck _w_h__ic_h_/_t_h_a_t_ is made in China.
定 2) I like the book _w_h__ic_h__/t_h_a_t_ you bought yesterday.
添加文字 饰的词叫先行词。定语从句通常放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。 定
语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系添副加词文)字引导。关系代词在定语从句中 做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词在定语从句中做状语.
关系代词的基本用法
指代对象
高考英语 语法—定语从句相关课件
i will never forget the days ____ I stayed with you. I will never forget the days ____ I spent with you.
This is the place ____ I visited years ago. , 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词, 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词 This is the place ____ I lived years ago.why! 关系词不一定用when, where或 关系词不一定用 或
3.2 在下列情况宜用 在下列情况宜用which 不用 不用that: 1) 当介词放在关系代词前时 2) 在非限制性定语从句中 3) 有两个定语从句,其中一个用了 有两个定语从句,其中一个用了that,则另 则另 一个用which 一个用
3.3 one of the… vs. the one of the… The only one of the… The very one of the… She is one of the few persons who ______ Spanish. know She is the one of the few persons who _______ Spanish. knows A. know B. knows
As is said above, as is mentioned above, as is often the case (with…), (对…)这是常有的事 对 这是常有的事 as is reported, As everybody knows,
When: 指“时间”,在定语从句中作时间状语, 时间” 在定语从句中作时间状语, 用 在表示时间的词后面。 在表示时间的词后面。 Eg: That happened on the day when I saw you. where: 指“地点”,在定语从句中作地点状语, 地点” 在定语从句中作地点状语, 用 在表示地点的词后面。 在表示地点的词后面。 Eg: This is the place where I stayed years ago. Why: 指“原因”,在定语从句中作原因状语,多 原因” 在定语从句中作原因状语, 放在the reason 后面。 后面。 放在 Eg: This is the reason why he was late.
高考英语 定语从句知识点归纳讲解(课件)
试卷讲评课件
▲ as通常以the same … as或such … as的形式引导定语从句,as在定 语从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容,which译为“这”, as 译为“正如”。但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。As we all know,…/As is known to all,…(正如大家所知道….)
二、定语从句的关系词用法
试卷讲评课件
(一)关系代词:who、whom、which、that、whose、as
关系代词 who whom whose which that as
先行词 人 人
人/物 物
人/物 人/物
在从句中充当的成分 主语、宾语、表语
宾语 定语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语、表语
三、非限制性定语从句
试卷讲评课件
非限定性定语从句,从句式上看,有逗号隔开。它既可以修饰先行词, 也可修饰整个句子。它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、 说明的作用。 1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that 2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。例如: I had told them the reason,for which I didn't attend the meeting. 3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时,不能用which引导。关系代词as引导 非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。
Tranquil/ˈtræŋkwəl/
试卷讲评课件
Li Shangyin(李商隐) 1.Li Shangyin was a Chinese poet of the late Tang Dynasty and born in Henei. 2.Li Shangyin was a typical late Tang poet. His works are sensuous, dense and allusive. 3.His most famous and cryptic poem is called Jin Se. sensuous/ˈsenʃuəs/ , dense/dens/ and allusive/əˈluːʒən/ .敏感、晦涩、含 沙射影。 Shangguan Wan'er(上官婉儿) 1. Shangguan Wan'er was a talented woman in Tang dynasty.
高考英语语法定语从句ppt课件完美版
关系词在定语从句中充当成分
Who/whom指人,在从句中作主语或宾语Which指物(含时间,地点),在从句中作主语或宾语That 指人或物(含时间,地点),在从句中作主语或宾语Whose指某人的或某物的,在从句中作定语When指在某个时间,在从句中作时间状语Where指在某地,在从句中作地点状语Why指原因,在从句中原因状语
B. asE. B & C
** Which和as的区别
1. The sun heats the earth, C is very important to us.
2. He failed in the exam, B
The same as和the same that
A. thatD. it
辨别句型:
谢谢
•• 1.学习可以彻底的改变自己,即使失去原来改变的条件,人也不会退回到原来的样子,因为经过“輮”。人已经脱离一个旧我,变成一个新我.•• 2.这一段介绍了怎样学习,也就是学习的要素。荀子认为积累是学习的第一要素,也是学习的根本。学习可以达到奇妙的效果,可以“兴风雨”“生蛟龙”。“神明自得,圣心备焉”从人的角度,来说学习的效果。接着运用正反对比的手法来说明积累的效果,体现了荀子文章说理的生动性。•• 3.家庭在西洋是一种界限分明的团体。在英美,家庭包括他和他的妻以及未成年的孩子。而在我们中国“家里的”可以指自己的太太一个人,“家门”可以指叔伯侄子一大批,“自家人”可以包罗任何要拉入自己的圈子,表示亲热的人物。•• 4.这表示了我们的社会结构本身和西洋的不 同,我们的格局不是一捆一捆扎清楚的柴,而是好像把一块石头丢在水面上所发生的一圈圈推出去的波纹,愈推愈远,愈推愈薄。每个人都是他社会影响所推出去的圈子的中心。被圈子的波纹所推及的就发生联系。•• 5.在乡土社会里,地缘关系也是如此。每一家以自己的地位做中心,周围划出一个圈子,个圈子是“街坊”。可是 这不是一个固定的团体,而是一个范围。范围的大小也要依着中心的势力厚薄而定。•• 6.在这种富于伸缩性的网络里,随时随地是有一个“己” 作中心的。这并不是个人主义,而是自我主义。在个人主义下,一方面是平等观念,指在同一团体中各分子的地位相等,个人不能侵犯大家的权利;一方面是宪法观念,指团体不能抹煞个人,只能在个人们所愿意交出的一分权利上控制个人。•• 7.“画竹”是本文的线索,本文记述文与可画竹的情形,以充满感情的笔触回忆两人的交往,以及文与可死 后自己的悲慨,又从文与可的创作经验中总结出艺术创作的规律,熔叙事、抒情、议论于一炉。•• 8.总之,说明文中使用生动活泼的语言,不仅能增强文章内容表达上的形象性、可感性和文学色彩, 使读者获得不同程度的美感体验,受到美的陶冶,还有助于加深读者对说明内容的理解,增知益智。
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高考英语定语从句讲解
高考英语定语从句讲解一. 定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
高考英语定语从句讲解二. 引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
高考英语定语从句讲解三. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
高考英语定语从句讲解四. 关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that, which 可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom结构。
例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.
她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything,none, the one等不定代词指物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
Whats that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which,而不用that,例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
高考英语定语从句讲解五. 关系副词的用法
1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。
例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。
例如:
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。
例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
好啦,关于定语从句,你学会了吗?。