RMAN自动备份

查看是否归档1.在linux终端中输入su – oracle转移到ORACLE用户下2.键入：sqlplus system/oracle as sysdba (以DBA身份连接数据库)3.键入：archive log list；（查看是否归档）4.SQL>archive log listDatabase log mode Archive Mode（如果是Archive Mode，则已经归档，可以跳过设置归档，如果不是Archive Mode，则继续执行下一步：设置归档）Automatic archival EnabledArchive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DESTOldest online log sequence 10484Next log sequence to archive 10486Current log sequence 10486设置归档5.键入：shutdown immediate; (立即关闭数据库)6.键入：startup mount (启动实例并加载数据库，但不打开)7.键入：alter database archivelog; (更改数据库为归档模式)8.键入：alter database open; (打开数据库)设置备份策略1．为了完善备份以及磁盘空间，则应该设置备份策略2．键入：quit；（设置归档后退出SQLPLUS）3．键入：RMAN（进入恢复管理器）4．rman>connect target / (连接进入目标数据库)5．Rman>show all;（查看所有配置参数）6．Rman> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;保留7天的备份7．Rman>quit;(退出)在执行备份之前，我们应该设置一个存放备份的路径设置之前应该转换到ROOT用户下：键入：su – root （更改用户）1．键入：mkdir /home/oraclebackup （新建备份目录）2．键入：chmod 775 oraclebackup（授予读写以及执行权限）键入：chown –R oracle：oinstall /home/oraclebackup（授予目录组权限）LINUX下自动备份星期一全备，星期二至星期天增量备份1.首先建立备份脚本2.在linux终端下执行[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /home/oracleatbackup/3.接着键入：touch rmanlevel0.sh rmanlevel1.sh（建立全备和增量备份的脚本）4.编辑全备脚本：vi rmanlevel0.sh键入如下：#!/bin/shsource ~/.bash_profile#set porfile_envexport ORACLE_SID=orcl # rman level0 backuprman <<EOFconnect target /;run{allocate channel dev1 device type disk maxpiecesize 2G;#allocate channel dev1 device type disk maxpiecesize 2G;sql 'alter system archive log current';backup incremental level 0 databaseinclude current controlfileformat '/home/oracleatbackup/backup_%T_%s_%p.lv0'plusarchivelog delete all inputformat '/home/oracleatbackup/backup_%T_%s_%p.arc';backup spfile format '/home/oracleatbackup/sp_%T_%U ';release channel dev1;#release channel dev1;}EOF手工测试全备脚本：sh /home/oracleatbackup/rmanlevel0.sh，结果如下：Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 8 10:41:25 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.RMAN>connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1247015921)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12> 13> 14> 15> 16>using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: dev1channel dev1: sid=144 devtype=DISKsql statement: alter system archive log currentStarting backup at 08-JUN-13current log archivedchannel dev1: starting archive log backupsetchannel dev1: specifying archive log(s) in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=19 recid=13 stamp=817555288input archive log thread=1 sequence=20 recid=14 stamp=817555288 channel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_23_1.arctag=TAG20130608T104129 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02channel dev1: deleting archive log(s)archive logfilename=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_06_0 8/o1_mf_1_19_8v6v685n_.arc recid=13 stamp=817555288archive logfilename=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_06_0 8/o1_mf_1_20_8v6v68wj_.arc recid=14 stamp=817555288Finished backup at 08-JUN-13Starting backup at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backupsetchannel dev1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetinput datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_24_1.lv0tag=TAG20130608T104131 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:14:20channel dev1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backupsetchannel dev1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetincluding current control file in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_25_1.lv0tag=TAG20130608T104131 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45Finished backup at 08-JUN-13Starting backup at 08-JUN-13current log archivedchannel dev1: starting archive log backupsetchannel dev1: specifying archive log(s) in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=21 recid=15 stamp=817556234channel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_26_1.arctag=TAG20130608T105716 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel dev1: deleting archive log(s)archive logfilename=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_06_0 8/o1_mf_1_21_8v6w3t4o_.arc recid=15 stamp=817556234Finished backup at 08-JUN-13Starting backup at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: starting full datafile backupsetchannel dev1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/sp_20130608_0roblqog_1_1tag=TAG20130608T105720 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 08-JUN-13released channel: dev1RMAN>Recovery Manager complete.5，接着编辑增量备份脚本vi rmanlevel1.sh#!/bin/shsource ~/.bash_profile#set porfile_envexport ORACLE_SID=orcl # rman level1 backuprman <<EOFconnect target /;run{allocate channel dev1 device type disk maxpiecesize 2G;#allocate channel dev1 device type disk maxpiecesize 2G;sql 'alter system archive log current';backup incremental level 1 databaseinclude current controlfileformat '/home/oracleatbackup/backup_%T_%s_%p.lv0'plusarchivelog delete all inputformat '/home/oracleatbackup/backup_%T_%s_%p.arc';backup spfile format '/home/oracleatbackup/sp_%T_%U ';release channel dev1;#release channel dev1;}EOF手工测试全备脚本：sh /home/oracleatbackup/rmanlevel1.sh，结果如下：Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 8 10:41:25 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.RMAN>connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1247015921)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12> 13> 14> 15> 16>using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: dev1channel dev1: sid=144 devtype=DISKsql statement: alter system archive log currentStarting backup at 08-JUN-13current log archivedchannel dev1: starting archive log backupsetchannel dev1: specifying archive log(s) in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=19 recid=13 stamp=817555288input archive log thread=1 sequence=20 recid=14 stamp=817555288channel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_23_1.arctag=TAG20130608T104129 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02channel dev1: deleting archive log(s)archive logfilename=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_06_0 8/o1_mf_1_19_8v6v685n_.arc recid=13 stamp=817555288archive logfilename=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_06_0 8/o1_mf_1_20_8v6v68wj_.arc recid=14 stamp=817555288Finished backup at 08-JUN-13Starting backup at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupsetchannel dev1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetinput datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_24_1.lv0tag=TAG20130608T104131 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:14:20channel dev1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupsetchannel dev1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetincluding current control file in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_25_1.lv0tag=TAG20130608T104131 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45Finished backup at 08-JUN-13Starting backup at 08-JUN-13current log archivedchannel dev1: starting archive log backupsetchannel dev1: specifying archive log(s) in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=21 recid=15 stamp=817556234channel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_26_1.arctag=TAG20130608T105716 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel dev1: deleting archive log(s)archive logfilename=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_06_0 8/o1_mf_1_21_8v6w3t4o_.arc recid=15 stamp=817556234Finished backup at 08-JUN-13Starting backup at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: starting full datafile backupsetchannel dev1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel dev1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-13channel dev1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-13piece handle=/home/oracleatbackup/sp_20130608_0roblqog_1_1tag=TAG20130608T105720 comment=NONEchannel dev1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 08-JUN-13released channel: dev1RMAN>Recovery Manager complete.6在crontab中加入执行脚本键入[oracle@localhost ~]$ crontab -e0 2 * * 1 su -oracle -c /home/oracleatbackup/rmanlevel0.sh （其中第一个数字表示分钟，第二个数字表示小时，第三个表示一个月份中的第几日，第四个表示月份，第五个表示一个星期中的第几天）0 2 * * 2-7 su - oracle -c /home/oracleatbackup/rmanlevel1.sh保存退出后，界面上会显示crontab: installing new crontab 表示加入自动运行任务成功RMAN全备以下是全备过程中的备份细节信息：Starting backup at 06-JUN-13current log archivedusing target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=139 devtype=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset --备份当前归档日志channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=7 recid=1 stamp=817378545channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-JUN-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-JUN-13piecehandle=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130606T093545_8v1gm3dn_.bkp tag=TAG20130606T093545 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s) –删除备份过的归档日志archive log filename=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_1_7_8v1gm14y_.arcrecid=1 stamp=817378545Finished backup at 06-JUN-13 –备份成功Starting backup at 06-JUN-13using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetinput datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-JUN-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-JUN-13piecehandle=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20130606T093548_8v1gm4vh_.bkp tag=TAG20130606T093548 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:08:08 --0级备份（全备）channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupseti ncluding current control file in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-JUN-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-JUN-13piecehandle=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_ncsn0_TAG20130606T093548_8v1h2hsr_.bkp tag=TAG20130606T093548 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 06-JUN-13 --0级备份成功看到Finished backup说明备份完成，并且能在备份目录下找到备份文件[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_14_1.arc （归档日志文件） backup_20130608_19_1.lv0 （数据文件以及控制文件） sp_20130608_0moblpeb_1_1;（参数文件）Rman增量备份以下是增量备份中会显示出的备份详细信息Starting backup at 06-JUN-13current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset --备份归档日志文件channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=9 recid=3 stamp=817379561channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-JUN-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-JUN-13piecehandle=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130606T095242_8v1hlvfz_.bkp tag=TAG20130606T095242 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)archive log filename=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_1_9_8v1hlshh_.arc recid=3 stamp=817379561Finished backup at 06-JUN-13 –备份完成Starting backup at 06-JUN-13using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetinput datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/11.2.0/db_1/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-JUN-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-JUN-13piecehandle=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20130606T095244_8v1hlxbt_.bkp tag=TAG20130606T095244 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15 –1级备份channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupsetincluding current control file in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-JUN-13channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-JUN-13piecehandle=/home/oraclebackup/o1_mf_ncsn1_TAG20130606T095244_8v1hoc9m_.bkp tag=TAG20130606T095244 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06Finished backup at 06-JUN-13 --1级备份完成看到Finished backup说明备份完成，并且能在备份目录下找到备份文件[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /home/oracleatbackup/backup_20130608_14_1.arc （归档日志文件） backup_20130608_19_1.lv1 （数据文件以及控制文件） sp_20130608_0moblpeb_1_1;（参数文件）。