英文文法之关系代名词
英语的关系代词有哪些及用法详解_代词 英语语法.doc
英语的关系代词有哪些及用法详解_代词定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词，通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词，把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词。
关系代词的分类关系代词有主格，宾格和属格（所有格）之分，并有指人与指物之分。
that的用法最广，that 可指人也可指物。
见表：限定性指人非限定性指物限定性指物主格who/that which that 宾格whom/that which that 属格whose of which/whose of which/whose 一、指人的关系代词。
主格who，用在动词前，作主语。
属格whose，用在名词前作定语。
宾格whom，用在主语、谓语动词的前面，作动词或介系词的宾语。
二、指物的关系代词。
主格which，用在动词前，作主语。
属格whose，用在名词前作定语。
宾格which，用在主语、谓语动词的前面，作动词或介系词的宾语。
三、指人或物的关系代词。
主格that，用在动词前，作主语。
属格whose，用在名词前作定语。
宾格that，用在主语、谓语动词的前面，作动词或介系词的宾语。
四、其它关系代词。
but，as，than作关系代词引导定语从句but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。
but本身含否定的意思，其作用相当于that /which /who．．．not。
它前面的主句通常有否定的词（如：no，not，little，few，hardly等）。
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。
例如：There is no mother but loves her own children．（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。
2023年高中英语语法定语从句的关系词及考点
2023年高中英语语法定语从句的关系词及考点一、什么叫关系代词什么叫关系代词？简单地说，它是用于引导定语从句的代词。
我们之所以把引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词，是因为它们具有关联作用，能把引导的从句与所修饰的词语联系起来。
英语中的关系代词不多，主要有 that. who.whom whose. which as 等。
其中who.whom 只用干指人，which. as 只用干指物，whose. that既可以指人也可指物。
关系代词在定语从句主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
如：Did you find the pen which you lost? 你的钢笔找到了吗？句中的which为关系代词，由它引导的定语从句which you lost 修饰名词the pen，which在定语从句中用作宾语，它也可以换成that，或省略。
A man who sells books in a shop is called a bookseller.开店售书的人叫做书商。
句中的who为关系代词，由它引导的定语从句who sells books in a shop修饰名词a man，who在定语从句中用作主语。
二、关系代词与关系副词用于引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。
关系词根据其词性的不同，可分为关系代词和关系副词。
引导定语从句的关系词既起连接先行词与定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
1.关系代词：主要有that.which.who.whom.whose.as等，它们在句子中可用作主语（如that.which.who等）、宾语（如that, which, whom等）和定语（如which.whose)。
如：Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是卖狗的人吗？She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。
I've found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的书。
英语零基础学好新概念-关系代词篇
英语零基础学好新概念:关系代词篇导读：本文英语零基础学好新概念:关系代词篇，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
一、定义所谓关系代词，就是指用于引导定语从句的代词。
我们之所以把这类代词叫做关系代词，是因为它们具有关联作用，能把所引导的从句与从句所修饰的词语(即先行词)联系起来。
英语中常用的关系代词有：which、that、who、whom、whose。
根据这些代词在句中的句法功能，可以把它们分为主格、宾格和所有格三类，即：主格：which、that、who宾格：which、that、who、whom所有格：whose二、用法例解(一)whichwhich引导定语从句时，在从句中既可以作主语，也可以做宾语。
如：Yesterday I lost the book which my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift. (作宾语)Yesterday I lost the book which had been given to me by my English teacher as a birthday gift. (作主语)【注意】1、当which在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
如：Yesterday I lost the book my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift.2、which也可以用来连接非限定性定语从句。
如：Yesterday I left Alice Springs, which is a small town in the center of Australia.3、which可以与介词一起使用，在从句中作状语，相当于一个关系副词。
如：Yesterday I left Alice Springs, in which there is a big desert park.句中的in which就相当于关系副词where，可以用where来替换。
各种语法术语的英文名称
各种语法术语的英文名称各种语法术语的英文名称名词性从句：Noun Clauses.语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesivepronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form 单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause ofpurpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence基本句型basic sentence patern否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement 主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时presentperfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion 全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。
英语关系代词关系副词知识
英语关系代词关系副词知识关系代词和关系副词都是用来引导定语从句的连接词，在句子中起着连接主句和从句的作用。
它们的作用类似于中文中的“的”、“之”等关系词。
以下是英语中常见的关系代词和关系副词：一、关系代词（Relative Pronouns）：1．who：用于代替人，作为主语或宾语。
例如：This is the man who helped me.（这就是帮助过我的那个人。
）2．whom：用于代替人，作为宾语。
通常在非正式语境中使用who代替。
例如：This is the man whom I met yesterday.（这就是我昨天遇见的那个人。
）3．whose：用于代替人或物，表示所属关系。
例如：This is the girl whose brother is my friend.（这是我朋友的妹妹。
）4．which：用于代替物，作为主语或宾语。
例如：This is the book which I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的书。
）5．that：用于代替人或物，作为主语或宾语。
通常在口语和非正式语境中使用，有时可省略。
例如：This is the house that Jack built.（这就是杰克建的那座房子。
）二、关系副词（Relative Adverbs）：1．where：用于代替地点，在定语从句中作为地点状语。
例如：This is the place where I was born.（这就是我出生的地方。
）2．when：用于代替时间，在定语从句中作为时间状语。
例如：This is the day when we met.（这就是我们见面的那一天。
）3．why：用于代替原因，在定语从句中作为原因状语。
例如：This is the reason why he left.（这就是他离开的原因。
）。
初中英语语法之代词
初中英语语法之代词初中英语语法大全之代词代词或代名词在语言学和语法学中是指代替名词或名词短语的形式词，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
以下是店铺精心为大家整理的初中英语语法大全之代词，欢饮阅读!更多内容请关注应届毕业生网!定义：代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
【考点直击】1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;4 常见不定代词的一般用法;5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;6. 相互代词的基本用法;7. 疑问代词的基本用法。
8. 关系代词的基本用法。
I.人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：1.人称代词的一般用法：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。
My dog likes him.我的狗喜欢他。
(1)作主语(用主格)I like table tennis. 我喜欢打乒乓球。
He is a student. 他是个学生。
(2)作表语(用主格，口语中常用宾格)Who is there?It's me(I). 是谁啊?是我。
(3)作宾语(用宾格)Do you know him? 你认识他吗?Come with me. 跟我来。
注意I(我)无论放在句首、句中或句尾，都要大写。
2 特殊用法的人称代词It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。
They speak English in the country. 在那个国家，人们说英语。
人称的习惯顺序:(1)如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是：单数：you，he，and I复数：we，you，and they但是，如果是做错事，承担责任时，有时，说话的人把I(我)放在第一位。
英语 关系代词
英语关系代词关系代词在英语中用于引导定语从句，用来代替前面所指的人或物，在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语。
常见的关系代词有：1. who:代替人，用于主语或宾语位置。
例如：The man who is standing over there is my teacher.（那个站在那儿的人是我的老师。
）2. whom:代替人，用于宾语位置，多用于正式场合。
例如：The woman whom I saw yesterday is my new neighbor.（我昨天见到的那个女人是我的新邻居。
）3. whose:代替人或物，用于表示所属关系。
例如：The book whose cover is torn belongs to John.（那本封面破损的书属于约翰。
）4. which:代替物，用于主语或宾语位置，或在非限定性定语从句中。
例如：The car which is parked outside is mine.（停在外面的那辆车是我的。
）5. that:代替人或物，用于主语、宾语或定语位置，常用来简化从句。
例如：The girl that I talked to is my sister.（我跟那个女孩说话了，她是我姐姐。
）大部分关系代词也可作为连接代词使用，用于引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。
例如：- I don't know who will come to the party.（我不知道谁会来参加派对。
）- She asked me what I wanted for dinner.（她问我晚饭想要什么。
）- The question is whether we should go or not.（问题是我们是否应该去。
）。
(完整版)英语语法常用词汇
English grammar terms often used英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech noun 名词verb动词conjunction 连词词类pronoun 代词adverb 副词interjection 惋惜词numeral 数词article冠词particle 小品词adjective 形容词preposition介词2. Word building conversion 转变suffix 后缀构词法derivation派生compound words 合成词affixation词缀法prefix前缀3． Classification of nouns名词的分类common nouns一般名词individual nouns 个体名词material nouns 物质名词countable nouns 可数名词the singular form 单数形式the common case一般格the subjective case主格person 人称proper nouns 专有名词collective nouns 会集名词abstract nouns 抽象名词uncountable nouns不可以数名词the plural form 复数形式the possessive case所有格the objective case 宾格third person singular 第三人称单数4. Classification of pronouns代词的分类personal pronouns 人称代词self pronouns 反身代词interrogative pronouns 疑问代词relative pronouns 关系代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词possessive pronouns物主代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal numerals 基数词fractional numerals 分数词the superlative degree最高等the indefinite article不定冠词ordinal numerals 序数词the comparative degree比较级The definite article 定冠词6．Classification of verbs动词的分类national verbs 实义动词auxiliary verbs 助动词transitive verbs 及物动词regular verbs 规则动词the present forms 现在式the participle 分词the past participle 过去分词the gerund 动名词link-verbs 系动词modal verbs神情动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词irregular verbs 不规则动词the past forms 过去式the present participle现在分词the infinitive 不定式bare infinitive 不带 to 的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense一般现在时the future tense一般将来时the present continuous现在进行时the future continuous 将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the future perfect 将来完成时the past tense 一般过去时the past future tense一般过去将来时the past continuous 过去进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the past perfect过去完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、 Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the indicative mood 陈述语气the subjunctive mood 虚假语气the active voice 主动语态the imperative mood 祈使语气9．Classification of adverbs副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs 关系副词interrogative adverbs 疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10． Members of the sentence 句子成分the subject 主语the predicate 谓语the predicative 表语the object the attribute 定语the adverbial 状语the appositive 同位语independent elements独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis 插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语subject complement 主语补足语object complement宾语补足语宾语/宾语11． Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences陈述句exclamatory sentences惋惜句general questions 一般疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句 tap questions 附加疑问句compound sentences复合句elliptical sentences 省略句infinitive phrases 不定式短语imperative sentences 祈使句interrogative sentences 疑问句special questions 特别疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句simple sentences简单句complex sentences并列句phrase 短语preposition phrases 介词短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses 从句 mainclauses 主句 object clauses宾语从句subject clauses 主语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/ place / cause / condition / degree/ result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 条件 / 程度 / 结果 / 退步 / 目的 / 比较 / 方式状语从句sentences of real condition 真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚假条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion 完满倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentences句型变换analysis of sentences句子解析13. Punctuation标点符号period/full stop 句号comma逗号semicolon 分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen 连字号brackets 括号question mark问号quotation marks引号apostrophe 省略号14．The pronunciation of English英语发音international phonetic 国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels 单元音diphthongs 双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants 辅音nasal 鼻音plosive 爆破音fricative 磨擦音affricate 破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless 清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress 主重读音节secondary stress次重读音节unstressed 非重读音节rhythm 节奏rising tune 升调intonationfalling tune语调降调a level pitch平调。
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英文文法之關係代名詞◎兼具代名詞與連接詞之作用的代名詞就叫做關係代名詞。
其形態如下＝＝＝＝＝＝先行詞為？主格所有格受格人who whose whom人以外之動物、事物which whose（of which）which人、動物、事物that －－－that◎應注意事項1.關係代名詞具有代名詞與連接詞的作用。
Ex：I know the man＋he came yesterday.＝I know the man who came yesterday.2.先行詞：關係代名詞所代表的名詞或代名詞就叫做先行詞。
Ex：She is the girl who wrote the letter. 其中the girl為先行詞，who為關係代名詞。
3.句中該用何種關係代名詞視其先行詞之種類而定。
Ex：the man who came here；the house which belongs to him；the dog that saved her4.關係代名詞所引導的子句叫做關係子句。
a.除了what所引導的關係子句具有名詞子句的性質外，其餘均具形容詞子句之性質。
b.關係子句的位置通常在句子的中間或句尾。
Ex：This is the boy who wants to see you.（who wants to see you 在句尾）The girl whom you saw yesterday is his sister.（whom you saw yesterday在句中）I’ll show you what I bought.（what 所引導的子句為名詞子句）5. 關係代名詞的格須視其在關係子句內的地位而定。
a. 關係代名詞若為關係子句的主詞即用主格。
b.關係代名詞若為關係子句內之動詞或介系詞的受詞即用受格。
Ex：This is the man who wants to see you.（主格）This is the man whom you want to see.（受格）Is this the book which you are looking for?（受格）I have a friend whose father is a teacher.（所有格）6. 關係代名詞的人稱、數、性必須和先行詞一致。
Ex：I, who am your friend, can understand you.You, who are my friend, can understand me.She, who is my good friend, is the best student in our class.The book which lies on the table is mine.The books which lie on th table are mine.P.S：one of+複數（代）名詞+關係代名詞+複數動詞Ex：He is one of those who were present.She is one of the few students who（＝that）have passed the examination.This is one of the good books which（＝that）are worth reading.◎who （主格）人+ whose （所有格）【＝關係形容詞】whom （受格）a.當主格時：This is the teacher + he teaches us English.＝This is the teacher who teaches us English.The people + they are there are my friends.＝The people who are there are my friends.That is the girl who speaks English.The children who played baseball were happy.b.當受格時：These are the students + he teaches them.＝These are the students （whom）he teaches.The foreigner + we met him is an American.＝The foreigner （whom）we met is an American.The man + I talked to him is a doctor.＝The man （whom）I talked to is a doctor.＝The man to whom I talked is a doctor.I know the man （whom）you visited.They were the men （whom）he was looking for.＝They were the men for whom he was looking.The men to whom I spoke are here.＝The men（whom）I spoke to are here.◎應注意事項1.除前面有介系詞的whom外，who與whom均可用that來代替。
2.用於限定用法（即形容詞子句）的受格關係代名詞whom與that可以省略。
但whom前面有介系詞時除外。
Ex：I know the man who visited you.＝I know the man that visited you.The mam（whom）we saw is Mr. Brown.＝The man（that）we saw is Mr. Brown.c.當所有格時：I have a friend + his sister is a teacher.＝I have a friend whose sister is a teacher.The girl + her work won the prize is here.＝The girl whose work won the prize is here.There was a man whose name was Rip.Here is the boy whose pen has been stolen.An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.which （主格）◎人以外的動物+ whose（of which）（所有格）或事、物which （受格）a.當主格時：I bought a book + it is very good.＝I bought a book which is very good.The cat + it caught a mouse is there.＝The cat which caught a mouse is there.Take the pencils which are on the table.He has a horse which runs very fast.The month which comes before May is April.b.當受格時：The books + I bought them yeaterday are nice.＝The books（which）I bought yesterday are nice.I like the house + he lives in it.＝I like the house（which）he lives in.＝I like the house in which he lives.This is the dog + I spoke of it.＝This is the dog（which）I spoke of.＝This is the dog of which I spoke.Here is the letter of which I told you.＝Here is the letter（which）I told you of.◎應注意事項1.which可用that來代替，但which前面有介系詞時除外。
2.用於限定用法的受格關係代名詞which可以省略，但which前面有介系詞時除外。
Ex：This is the horse which won the race.＝This is the horse that won the race.The book（which）he gave me is very good.＝The book（that）he gave me is very good.Is this the book of which you spoke?＝Is this the book（which）you spoke of?＝Is this the book（that）you spoke of?c.當所有格時：The book +its cover is green is mine.＝The book whose cover is green is mine.＝The book + the cover of it is green is mine.＝The book the cover of which is green is mine.＝The book of which the cover is green is mine.The mountain whose top we can see is Mt.Fuji.The book the cover of which is blue is Mary’s.＝The book of which the cover is blue is Mary’s.人◎動物+ that 【限於主格、受格；不可用作所有格】事物（＝who，whom，which）1.關係代名詞that可用以代替who，whom，which等，以代表人、動物、事物。
Ex：I want a man that（＝who）understands English.（主格）John is a boy that（＝whom）I like very much. （受格）2.先行詞前面有最高級形容詞時，須用that，不可用who或which。
Ex：This is the best book that I have ever read.He is the greatest inventor that ever lived.3.（the first，the last，the only，the same，the very，any，all，no）+先行詞+ thatEx：He is the first boy that came here. She was the last girl that arrived.She is the only girl that can ride a bicycle. Take any book that you like.This is the same man that came yesterday. This is all that I know about him.You are the very man that I wanted to see. I saw no one that I knew.4. 兩種先行詞（人+動物或事物）+ thatEx：Look at the boy and his dog that are crossing the bridge.The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.c.前面已有疑問詞who或which時，宜用that，以避免重複。