上海市徐汇区2018届高三下学期学习能力诊断(二模)英语试题

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上海市徐汇区2018年中考二模英语试卷(含详细答案)

上海市徐汇区2018年中考二模英语试卷Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片):（6分）B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (8分)7. A. White. B. Red. C. Blue. D. Grey.8. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.9. A. A dentist. B. A detective. C. A policeman. D. A fireman.10. A. Two yuan. B. Four yuan. C. Five yuan. D. Ten yuan.11. A. By bus. B. By car. C. On foot. D. By bike.12. A. Having a rest in the bedroom. B. Shopping in the supermarket.C. Visiting the museum.D. Having dinner in the restaurant.13. A. At the post office. B. At the airport.C. At the hotel.D. At the library.14. A. The school newspaper. B. The hard training for school reporters.C. Best wishes for the school trip.D. The school football team.C．Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示): (6分)15. Joana did some experiments on a plant called mimosa (含羞草) by herself.16. The result of the experiment was published in a magazine.17. The mimosas were planted in a 15-centermeter-high pot.18. The plants didn’t close their leaves at all after many tests.19. It seemed that the mimosa didn’t think the small drop harmful.20. The result of the experiment shows that plants have brains like people.D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences (听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词): (10分)21. Mike and Linda will have a long walk on __________ __________.22. They will start the long walk from the __________ __________.23. During the walk, they can spend some time __________ __________ the church24. The long walk may be about __________ __________ including breaks.25. With the help of the signposts along the way, the couple will not __________ __________.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary(第二部分语音、语法和词汇)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分)26. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road27. American violinist Lindsey doesn’t play _______ violin in the traditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place _______ February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. inB. onC. ofD. from29. The law prevents businessmen _______ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. againstD. from30. Please check _______ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself31. The community has plenty of _______ for the elderly to communicate with each other.A. roomB. classC. programD. game32. The world’s _______ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest33. In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so _______.A. lovelyB. friendlyC. kindlyD. sweetly34. There _______ a singing and dancing competition every month here.A. isB. hasC. will beD. will have35. –_______ does it take to get to the nearest supermarket?– About half an hour on foot.A. How farB. How longC. How soonD. How often36. These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you _______.A. laughB. laughingC. to laughD. laughed37. The text is available online so you _______ have a copy of it now.A. can’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t38. To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept _______ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked39. _______ the job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginning, he didn’t give up.A. BeforeB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. If40. Recently a new community library _______ and will be open to the public soon.A. is builtB. was builtC. has been builtD. will be built41. My brother was so careless that he forgot _______ his passport to the airport.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken42. Mr White _______ English in school for seven years since he first visited China.A. teachesB. taughtC. is teachingD. has taught43. Let’s keep quiet in the school library, _______?A. shall weB. can weC. will youD. do you44. – Would you mind turning on the radio a bit? I can’t hear it clearly.– _______.A. All rightB. That’s OKC. Thank youD. Not at all45. –_______.– I can’t agree more.A. Would you like some fish for dinner tonight?B. The lecture in the morning is so boring.C. Do you want to spend your weekend with us?D. I’ve decided to join in the tennis match next term.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。

上海市徐汇区2018届中考英语二模模拟试卷

上海市徐汇区2018届中考英语二模模拟卷Part 1Ⅱ（第一部分听力）略Part 2Ⅱ（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road2. American violinist Lindsey doesn’t play _______violin in the traditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place ________February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. inB. onC. ofD. from4. The law prevents businessmen ________ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. againstD. from5. Please check ________ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself6. The community has plenty of _____________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.A. roomB. classC. programD. game7. The world’s _____________ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest8. In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so _____________.A. lovelyB. friendlyC. kindlyD. sweetly9. There ________a singing and dancing competition every month here.A. isB. hasC. will beD. will have10. —________does it take to get to the nearest supermarket?—About half an hour on foot.A. How farB. How longC. How soonD. How often11. These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you _____________.A. laughB. laughingC. to laughD. laughed12. The text is available online so you _____________ have a copy of it now.A. can’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t13. To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept _______day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked14. _____________ the job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginning, he didn’t give up.A. BeforeB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. If15. Recently a new community library _______ and will be open to the public soon.A. is builtB. was builtC. has been builtD. will be built16. My brother was so careless that he forgot _______his passport to the airport.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken17. Mr. White ________English in school for seven years since he first visited China.A. teachesB. taughtC. is teachingD. has taught18. Let’s keep quiet in the school library, _______?A. shall weB. can weC. will youD. do you19.–Would you mind turning on the radio a bit? I can’t hear it cle arly--___________.A. All rightB. That’s OKC. Thank youD. Not at all20. -__________.-I can’t agree more.A. Would you like some fish for dinner tonight?B. The lecture in the morning is so boring.C. Do you want to spend your weekend with us?D. I’ve decided to join in the tennis match next term.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.(将下列单词或词组填入空格。

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。

英语_2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷(含答案)

2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷一.选择题1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation？（）A abr oa dB c oa tC g oa lD r oa d2. American violinist Lindsey doesn't play ________ violin in the traditional way.A aB anC theD /3. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place ______ February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A inB onC ofD from4. The law prevents businessmen ______ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A byB ofC againstD from5. Please check ________ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A youB yourC yoursD yourself6. The community has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.A roomB classC programD game7. The world's ______ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A longB longerC longestD the longest8. In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so _______.A lovelyB friendlyC kindlyD sweetly9. There ______ a singing and dancing competition every month here.A isB hasC will beD will have10. —________does it take to get to the nearest supermarket?—About half an hour on foot.A How farB How longC How soonD How often11. These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you ______.A laughB laughingC to laughD laughed12. The text is available online so you ______ have a copy of it now.A can'tB shouldn'tC needn'tD mustn't13. To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept ______ day and night.A workB workingC to workD worked14. ______ the job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginning, he didn't give up.A BeforeB AlthoughC UnlessD If15. Recently a new community library ______ and will be open to the public soon.A is builtB was builtC has been builtD will be built16. My brother was so careless that he forgot ______ his passport to the airport.A takeB takingC to takeD taken17. Mr. White ________ English in school for seven years since he first visited China.A teachesB taughtC is teachingD has taught18. Let's keep quiet in the school library, _______?A shall weB can weC will youD do you19. —Would you mind turning on the radio a bit? I can't hear it clearly.—______.A All rightB That's OKC Thank youD Not at all20. ﹣__________．﹣I can't agree more．（）A Would you like some fish for dinner tonight？B The lecture in the morning is so boring．C Do you want to spend your weekend with us？D I've decided to join in the tennis match next term．三. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次．）21.Shanghai Disney Resort released details of its new Toy Story Land just now． There will be three ride attractions． It will open in the summer 2018．It is a sign of the early success of Shanghai Disney Resort and shows the confidence the company has． It（1）_______ knows the growing need for themed entertainment in China．According to the resort， tourists will feel as if they have become（2）_______to the size of their favorite Toy Story characters． It enables them to join in on the laugher and fun．As new rides， Rex's Racer has a 30﹣ meter﹣tall U﹣shaped track． The ride will go（3）_______and backward at increasing heights and speed．Another ride is the Slink Dog Spin． The third ride， Woody's Round﹣Up， is made up of 11ponies， each one pulling a cart， in a farm． Other attractions （4）_______ the Meeting Post． There tourists can pose with cartoon character from the Toy Story movie series．22.The most popular TV program in the UK last year was a show called The Great British Bake Off． Each week，（1）_______ people take part in the competition． They are trying to make the best cakes and bread within a time limit． There are two judges， and each week they choose a "Star Baker" （ the best baker）． They also choose one person to leave the competition． At the end of ten weeks there is one winner．The program started in 2010， and nobody （2）_______ it to be so popular． People really enjoyed watching the baking and the good atmosphere on the show． The people in the show were very friendly to each other． This was very different from other TV show． Some people think the show is rather British， with a good sense of （3）_______ and friendly people． Audiences also enjoyed learning how to make different（4）_______of cakes ，biscuits and bread．This year there were some changes in the show and even some new judges， but the show is as popular as before．四. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）23. We wish every one of________ a bright future after graduation．（ we）24. Playing seek and hide is part of my________ memory．（ child）25. Many terrible traffic accidents happen because of________ driving．（care）26. The volunteers give food and clothes to the homeless in________ weather．（ freeze）27. More and more________ will see the royal wedding ceremony in the town．（ visit）28. We know that it is________ of students to cheat in exams．（ honest）29. It's better to________ fresh air outdoors after staying indoors for a long time．（ breath）30. Ann spoke the most________ of all the students in the school speech contest．（ accurate）五. Completer the following sentences as required.（根据所给要求完成下列句子． 62-67 小题每空格限填一词）：（共14分）31. Paddington Bear saw a pop﹣up book of London in a shop one day．（改为一般疑问句）________ Paddington Bear________ a pop﹣up book of London in a shop one day？32. Sherlock Holmes became popular ________（对划线部分提问）________ did Sherlock Holmes________ popular？33. The trip to the South Pole is amazing．（改为感叹句）________ amazing trip to the South Pole it is!34. The young man was too shy to express his ideas in front of the public．（保持句意基本相同）The young man wasn't________ to express his ideas in front of the public．35. Doctor Seuss wrote many popular children's books in the 20tℎ century．（改为被动语态）Many popular children's books________ by Doctor Seuss in the 20tℎ century．36. "Are you going to celebrate the opening of the shop？" the secretary asked．（改为宾语从句）The secretary asked________ they________ going to celebrate the opening of the shop．37. to foods， does harm to ， adding， our hearts， too much sugar or salt（连词成句）________六. Reading comprehension （阅读理解）：（共50 分）38. Choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）Research suggests that at least 64% of people now spend up to four hours daily of spare time in front of a screen． Just as TV watching has been linked to higher chances of being fat and getting diseases, this extra ________ is bad news for our health．（1）_______． Choose outdoor activities over technologyWhen you're at home, make it a rule that you can't be online if the sun isshining． Instead, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, swim or get some other kind of healthy, physical activity for at least an hour before you can pull out your phone or tablet, or take a seat at the computer． This rule should be fit for everyone in your family．（2）_______． Limit social media useSocial networks have changed computer and mobile use for people of all ages． Whetherit's Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat． Limit the amount of time you spend on social media． Avoid aimless browsing（浏览） and give your time online a purpose research holidays or catch up on the news of the day． Then log off．（3）_______． Save time for readingChallenge yourself to read at least 30pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone． Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable pastime．（4）_______． Create projects for yourselfIt's amazing how much you can achieve when you're not glued to （长时间盯着） a screen． Do a list of one﹣hour evening projects． Some suggestions are organizing kitchen cupboards, cleaning your bedroom． Then try to do one each evening．（5）_______． The underlined word " sedentary time" probably means________．A． sitting for a long time with little movementB． staying up late with little sleepC． doing exercise with little waterD． working hard with little rest（1）． According to the rule， you'd better________ on sunny days．A watch TV at home．B do physical exercise outdoors．C make a long phone call．D play computer games．（2）． Before using the "technology"，________ is fun and helpful．A watching TV．B researching holidays．C reading at least 30pages of a great book．D cleaning your bedroom．（3）． Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？________A At least one﹣hour indoor exercise is necessary for everyone in the family．B Time should be limited for social media use and aimless browsing．C Social networks can be used on the computer or on the mobile phone．D One﹣hour evening can be used either on the computer or on the mobile phone．（4）． The article is mainly to tell the readers________．A different ways to stop using " technology " too long．B doing outdoor activities is better than enjoying ‘ technology'．C social media makes people's life more exciting．D creating projects is helpful for achieving success．（5）． You can probably find this article in the section of________．A Travelling．B Shopping．C Education．D Health．七. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）39. The Chinese used the abacus as early as the 2nd century BC, but now are welcoming"machine brains"to educate the young in this modern age．For the young, e﹣learning seems so（1）_______． Zhu Xufei, 12, uses her parents' mobile phone to study English every day on her way to school and back home． Through an app, she can listen to and repeat back words and sentences in English． The app even tells the difference between her speech and proper pronunciation, and then （2）_______ provides the score．The mother of 12﹣year﹣old Zhu said, "The apps have enabled her to learn and practice spoken English anytime, anywhere, "she says．"The apps also have been designed to use games to encourage learning．"It's very popular nowadays, especially with parents． WeChat accounts of parents post progress reports every day on（3）_______ their children are doing． For example, "Day 30: My son Thomas has learned 99English words on Talking Pets．"It's not only children using mobile devices（设备）to learn new things． Many Metro or bus passengers can be seen with earplugs turned into app courses, like business management or the driving test．"I don't have to （4）_______ books around and turn pages on crowded buses, "an office lady says．"With just a touch of the screen on my smartphone, I can do practice tests whenever I have time． It also records my（5）_______ and makes it easier for me to review them．"E﹣learning has been welcomed among education services． Zheng Lili, owner of an English training school, says the learning apps help（6）_______ better monitor the performances of students．We believe that education should be‘whole﹣person'development and such devices are just support tools．（1）A strangeB difficultC naturalD horrible（2）A immediatelyB gentlyC nearlyD secretly（3）A whetherB whereC whyD how（4）A borrowB carryC returnD deliver（5）A mistakesB jobsC photosD interest（6）A bossesB neighboursC friendsD teachers八. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）40. QuestionDear Dale，My friend asked me to do something that's against the rules． I wanted to say no， but I was afraid that she would get mad at me， so I did it anyway． Now she wants me to do it （81）a________． How can I tell her no？White ShirtAnswerDear White Shirt，We never want to disappoint our friends， but we should never do things that we shouldn't do just to make others happy．Throughout your life， you will probably be asked to do things that you don't think you should do． It sound like you could have a problem saying no to people， but rather than be direct（直接的）， there are other ways to deal with this kind of （82）s________．Instead of simply saying "No"， try to give reasons for your （83）d________． For example，if a friend asked you to swim in the river but you don't want to， you could say， " I don't think that's wise． The water's very cold and there's （84）n________ around to help us if we get into danger．"It's wrong of your friend to risk getting you into trouble． If she were a （85）t________ friend， she wouldn't ask you to break the rules． If she asks you to do something you don't want to next time， just explain to her （86）w________ you don't want to do it． You should never do anything that you think is wrong．Perhaps you friend was just looking for a bit of excitement， but if she wants to break the rules， she shouldn't make you feel bad for not doing so．If you really want to keep the friendship， tell her that you don't want either of you to getinto trouble． You are not supposed to break the rules， for rules exist simply to keep us safe． And it's always better to be safe than （87）s________， as the saying goes． Hope I can help you out．Dale．九. Answer the questions.（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（共12分）41. When Jan and Brian Dutcher moved to San Diego for Brian's new job at San Diego State University， the neighbors smiled and introduced themselves． But there were no " bring a plate" invitations， no car pooling for her daughters Liza， 12and Erin， 15．"The family really didn't know each other， and we missed that，" says Jan． "We are far from relatives． Neighbors are our family．"So Jan， an artist， decided to repeat a project she had done for Liza's fifth﹣grade class：ask each person to paint his or her face on a big canvas（帆布）． The finished piece would become the new family photo．First ， Jan painted a grid（网格） on the canvas and put it up in the garage with a table of paints nearby． Then whenever she was home， the "art room" door was up ， with anopen invitation for neighbors to paint． The first to stop in were kids riding by． "They thought it was cool，" says Jan， but the adults weren't so keen． " Most said they hadn't picked up a paint brush since kindergarten，" she says． "They were afraid they'd mess it up．" But as word slowly spread， they came， some using their driver's license photos as models．Then something started to happen． They returned ﹣﹣﹣to see who had painted， or if they could recognize who was who． In Jan's garage， they began to chat about schools，jobs， and families． Almost daily． Wendy， who lived across the street and was seriously ill， came in her wheelchair to watch the fun． Neighbors began to offer their support．When the worst things happened and Wendy died， they stood by her husband， Bill and invited him over for dinners．This year has been different in the neighborhood． Families take turns hosting happy hours．"We ‘re watching over each other now just like in the painting．" says Jan．（88）． Why did the Dutchers move to San Diego？________（89）． Where did people paint， on a wall， a car or a canvas？________（90）． Who joined in the project first after a grid was done？________（91）． What did the adults in the neighborhood think of the project at first？________ （92）． With the project on and on， what happened in and out of the garage？________ （93）． How do you understand the underlined sentence"We're watching over each other now just like in the painting"？________十. Writing（作文）42. You are graduating from middle school soon． Your parents will give you a gift to celebrate the important time． Write a letter with at least 60words to your mum and dad． Tell what you want and how useful and important it is to you． The beginning part of the letter is given．你即将初中刚毕业，父母准备一份礼物给你庆祝这一重要时刻．写一篇至少60词的信给你的父母．告诉他们你想要什么礼物，它对你的重要性及用处．信的开头已给．（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分．标点符号不占格）2018年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷答案1. A2. C3. D4. D5. B6. A7. C8. D9. A10. B11. A12. C13. B14. B15. C16. C17. D18. A19. D20. B21. B,E,A,D22. D,A,E,B23. us24. childhood25. careless26. freezing27. visitors28. dishonest29. breathe30. accurately31. Did,see32. through a series of short stories．,How,become33. What an34. outgoing enough35. were written36. if,were37. Addingtoomuchsugarorsalttofoodsdoesharmtoourhearts38. BCDAD39. CADBAD40. gain,ituation,ecisions,obody,rue,hy,orry41. BecauseBriangotanewjobatSanDiegoStateUniversity,On a canvas．,The kids riding by．,They thought it a bit hard for them,In the garage they began to chat about schools，jobs and families （their life）． Out of the garage they offered help and supported each other．,Since the painting is a family photo， the people in the painting are those neighborshelping each other and the community is like a big family．42. I am graduating from middle school soon． My parents will give me a gift to celebrate the important time． I want a wonderful trip．（想要的礼物）There is a saying "it is better to travel ten thousand miles than read ten thousand books"．【高分句型一】So I want to go out and see different things in the world，appreciate the scenery along the way and understand the beauty of the world． In the past，I only learned knowledge from books． Now I want to learn what we should know in practice．【高分句型二】I think it's helpful for me to grow up．（重要性）I remember the popular saying "the world is so big that I want to see it" on the Internet． So am I．（总结全文）。

【2018年】高三英语上海市第二次模拟试题及参考答案

英语2018年高三上海市第二次模拟试题英语考试时间：____分钟填空题（本大题共7小题，每小题____分，共____分。

）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and hungry.These years my (21)____(recent) annual salary was over $700,000.I am a Truam National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative finance in worldwide distribution.(22) ____of it feels like enough.I feel(23)____I am wired(极度紧张的)for a permanent salary of fight or flight,waiting for the other shoe to drop, or the metaphorical week when I don’t eat.I’ve chosen not to have children, partly because(24)____any success-I still don’t feel I have a safety net.I have a huge minimum checking account balance in mind before I would ever consider having chidren If you knew me personally,you(25)____ get glimpses of stress,self-doubt,anxiety,and depression.In my childhood,I spent a lot of my time (26)____pondering basic questions. Where will my next meal come from?Will have electricity tomorrow?I (27)____(acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide our food stamps at the grocery store checkout.Iremember panic setting in as early as age 8,at the prospect of a perpetual uncertainty about everything in life, from food to clothes to education.I knew that the life I was living couldn’t be normal.I just wasn’t sure(28)____it was that wrong with the tiny microcosm I was borninto.As an adult I thought I’d figured that out.I’d always thought my upbringing had made me wary and cautious, in a “lessons learned”kind of way.Over the past dacades, though,that marrative(29) ____(evolve). We’ve learned that stresses（30）____（associate）with poverty have the potential to change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined.It can reduce the surface area of your brain,shorten your telomeres and lifespan,increase your chances of obesity,and make you more likely to take outsized risks.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.magnetB.scheduledC.idealD.forwardE.touringF.envisionedG.architecture H.dramaticI.physical J.tentativelyK.headquartersDream Works Animation Bringing Broadway to ShanghaiDream Works Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’s quest to build what he hopes will be China’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a big step____.Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-level tower that will be the new ____of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a large to a large,X-shaped IMAX cinema complex via a pathway____as an extended red carpet.The waterfront development is____to open in late 2017 on a choice parcel south of Shanghai’s historic Bund district.The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-plus animators,up from the company’s current 250 employees,and will be at the ____heart of the complex.Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the complex will have five major live performance venues with 8,500 seats in total,including a 3.000-seat facility houses in a dome where cement was once mixed.In addition to hosting international touring productions of musicals and dramas,the Dream Center is visualized as a____for pop, rock and jazz concerts; sporting events such as mixed material arts and motorbike racing;fashion shows and awards ceremonies;and conferences,art fairs and____exhibitions.Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Center and an attraction____called the Kung Fu Panda Experience.The complex is designed by New York____film Kohn Pedersen Fox.Associates,which is behind the massive Hudson Yards redevelopment project on Manhattan’s West Side.The IMAX theater,meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and presumably be the ____venue to host premiers of productions form Oriental DreamWorks----though it won’t be ready in time for the studio’s first effort,”Kung Fu Panda3”,scheduled for release in January.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon,their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil,which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the ____surface’s low-pressure environment.But back at Johnson Spance Center,in Houston,scientists discovered that the seals had been____—by moon dust.Lunar dust is fine,like a powder,____it cuts like glass.It’s formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface,heating rocks and dirt____them to fine particles.Since there’s no wind or water to smooth____edges,the tiny grains are sharp and sharp and jagged,and cling to nearly everything.“The invasive____of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue,as well as a____issure for settlers,than does radiation,”wrote Harrison(Jack) Schmitt,an Apollo 17 astronaut,in his 2006 book,”Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of moon boots.Over the____of six Apollo missions, not one rock box ____its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships,too.According to Schmit,it smelled like gunpowder,where particles are bound to the moon by gravity,but are so sparse that they____collide.In the nineteen-sixties,Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during ter,Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan,while orbiting the moon,recorded a ____phenomenon at the sharp line wherelunar day meets night,called the terminator.Cernan____a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape;streams of particles popped____the ground and levitatel,and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. ____there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds,their origin is something of a mystery.It’s presumed that they’re made of dust,but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.41. A.solar B.narC.dustyD.mysterious42. A.destroyed B.stainedC.changedD.redesigned43. A.because B.howeverC.butD.so44. A.adapting B.reducingC.tailoringD.shaping45. A.soft B.hardC.roughD.flat46. A.nature B.speedC.degreeD.troops47. A.intelligence B.healthC.fundD.future48. A.moment B.situationC.courseD.program49. A.installed B.lostC.foundD.maintained50. A.coats B.affectsC.protectsD.crusts51. A.frequently B.violentlyC.gentlyD.rarely52. A.strange B.similarmonD.different53. A.sketched B.describedC.receivedD.copied54. A.out B.inC.offD.down55. A.Although B.WhereverC.UnlessD.SinceSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Thewriter’s festival is more than an event celebrating authors,it also celebratesthe power of literature and the power of you,the reader.B.Storieshave been around since time began.C.But heargued sexual pleasure is too fleeting and betrayal too common,and while friendship was better italways ended with death.D.A 2013study found reading literary fiction can help you become more empathetic.E.It isno coincidence that Apollo was the god of medicine as well as poetry.F.They remind us of the university and timelessness ofemotions,helping us better understand our own.The understanding that literature can comfort,console and heal has been around since the second millennium Bc,____.As a bibliotherapist,I’m internsted in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us,particularly during times of stress.Here the intent around reading is different;the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne,who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness:have a lover,have friends and readbooks.____.Therefore,the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul?Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books?Why,despites all the distractions of modern life,do booksstill get published and writers’festival events get sold out?The answer lies in the power of stories.____.They tell us what it is to be human,give us a context for the past and aninsight towards the future.A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed,internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story.Paradoxically,we think we are escaping ourselver but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds.Freud,who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talding cure”,once wrote that wherever he want he discovered a poet had been there before.It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writes,____What stories have shaped you?It’s a question reflecting on,as this shaping is often subconscious.The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent;you will be “reading” your life from now on,allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learn from mistakesThe best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison.who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:”Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work,every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and statesman and scientist once said:”I haven’t failed.I have had 10,000 ideas that didn’t work.”Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact, a surprising number of everyday bojects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post0-it-notes,packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.Successful businesspeople have often made big,expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man.”Of course not,”he replied.”I have just spent $600,000 training him.I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”The important thing to remember is that you need to learn fromr your mistakes.If you don’t,then there is no sense in making them.”I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你怎么能指望在合作的过程中依靠一个言而无信的人？(expect)73.只有在自然灾害发生的时候，人们才会真正了解到大自然的威力。

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语(附答案)

2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with the given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, if feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines(25)_____we age and that makes time move quickly.We percieve time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the(26)________(likely)you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by(or, more acccurately, if feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as(27)_____years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we(28)______(accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember(29)_____happened to you every day last week, chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday,etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we’ve never done, recommend dishes we’ve never tasted and suggest places we’ve never been. Such an app(30)_____make our lives mo re varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31)_____such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It’s not too difficult to push(32)_______to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Daniel Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences(哀悼) on behalf of the nation, and made it clear he will have every single resource that he needs (33)_________( investigate) this horrible crime, care for the victims and their families.(34)__________ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years, each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would---- as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there’s not a parent in America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35)__________ died today were children—beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them—birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36)___________(fall) were also teachers—men and women who devoted their lives to (37)__________（help）our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today—for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who（38）__________(lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children’s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) __________ it’s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago—these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we’re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40)_____________ this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A second experiment (46) these findings, showing that (47) movements don't produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48) that a longer delay between ritual and consumption bolstered these effects, even with a neutral food like carrots.While these rituals may seem small or mundane, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite tangible. And while rituals are (49) before mealtimes, they could play a role in other(50) , too.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An examination is a very important part of life, whic h is used to test a person’s ability. But as you know many of us has(51)____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)____ and useful to you, for others it’s never wrocking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don’t get too excited about the exams and for that don’t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam(53) _____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don’t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you(54) _____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some(55) _____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the(56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers and study to achieve a proper time(57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can(58) _____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, con trol your breath and believe in yourself. Don’t panic and he optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don’t(59) _____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep you focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are(60) _____ prepared. For exams each before the time and try to(61)_____ in the surroundings. Don’t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can’t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis( 冥想或催眠）。

2018上海高考英语二模-翻译部分完整版.doc

1.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game.2.许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。

（think）Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not.3.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。

（…it…）Driverless tenology solves people’s confusion and makes it possible to make a phone call while driving.4.人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。

（…not…but…）The most horrible thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieve nothing even though you try, but that you give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.1.他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。

（worth）The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thinking.2.法律和政策应该适应我们社会不断发展的需求。

（adapt）Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.3.绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多近。

（account）On no account can you let any difficulties beat you，for you can never tell how close you may be to the success.4.父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。

2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．(★)A． Worried and frightened．B． Relaxed and happy．C． Quite embarrassed．D． Deeply ashamed．2．(★)A． Bill has never used a calculator．B． Bill can work better without a calculator．C． Bill is working with a calculator．D． Bill needs a calculator for this work．3．(★)A． To cut his jeans short．B． To go on a diet．C． To wear fitted clothes．D． To buy a pair of jeans．4．(★★★★★)系统找不到该试题5．(★)A． Put her report on his desk．B． Read some papers he recommended．C． Mail her report to the publisher．D． Improve some parts of her paper．6．(★★)A． Make some coffee．B． Meet the woman at the library．C． Continue to read．D． Go out with some friends．7．(★★)A． The man should buy a different meal ticket every month．B． Buying the meal ticket won't save the man any money．C． It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately．D． The price of a meal may vary from month to month．8．(★★)A． She's upset that she missed the television program．B． She doesn't think the television program was funny．C． She doesn't like talking about television programs．D． She watched the television program at a friend's house．9．(★★)A． He doubts the woman's words．B． He hasn't read the novel yet．C． He enjoyed reading the novel a lot．D． He is not interested in the novel at all．10．(★★★)A． The talks haven't started yet．B． They have come to a general agreement．C． The talks haven't achieved much．D． The talks broke down and went no further．11．(★★★)（1）A． They learn singing and dancing．B． They attend outdoor music festivals．C． They work on the farm for charity．D． They volunteer to work for others．（2）A． On the beach．B． In a park．C． On a farm．D． In a stadium．（3）A． It is run on a profit-making basis．B． It has achieved growing success．C． Fans can have free lunch there．D． Only superstars are invited to perform．12．(★★★)（1）A． The number of refugees is increasing sharply．B． Most refugees cannot get necessary services．C． Many refugee children cannot receive education．D． More children cannot afford to go to university．（2）A． No host nations want to change education systems．B． It is impossible to find so many extra teachers．C． Parents can't afford to send their kids to school．D． The refugee population grows but there's not enough money．（3）A． The necessity of education．B． The prohibition of child labor．C． The victims of armed conflicts．D． The living conditions of the poor．13．(★★★)（1）A． It has started a week-long promotion campaign．B． It has just launched its annual anniversary sales．C． It offers regular weekend sales all the year round．D． It specializes in the sale of men's suits．（2）A． Price reductions for its frequent customers．B． Gift cards for customers with any purchases．C． Free delivery of purchases for senior customers．D． Price adjustments within seven days of purchase．（3）A． Mail a gift card to her．B． Allow her to buy on credit．C． Credit it to her account．D． Give her cash directly．（4）A． It has already been sold out．B． It will be sent to the woman by mail．C． It is not available for the moment．D． It is one of the items on sale．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.14．(★★)Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China，（1）being available only in Japanese．Called "Tabikaeru： Travel Frog"， the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan． Players collect clovers（四叶草） that grow inthe frog's garden （2） they can use them to buy supplies for the frog's journeys． In turn， the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels． Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures．While news of the game's appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week， its popularity hasn't decreased in any way since： "Travel Frog" on Monday was still ranked first on a list of themost （3）（download） games from Apple's app store in China． It is being widely discussed on social media，（4） users post photos of their frogs' adventures．Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point， which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game "Neko Atsume"． Even though （5）is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in "Travel Frog"， local media outlets reported that the game's slow nature was part of its charm．The game was popular as it "tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like' activities"， China Daily said，（6）（add） that those users were taken with its "Buddha-style gameplay"．But not everyone is thrilled about "Travel Frog"． In a post on social media platform Weibo last week， the state-run People's Daily suggested that people （7）aim to enrich themselves and "avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth"．As an indication of the popularity of the "Travel Frog"， Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original， the South China Morning Post reported． That version of the game，which （8）（create） by a developer called Song Yang， charged users 30 yuan（﹩4.74）to download the game． On Monday， another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt （9）（improve） gameplay．While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about （10） it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not， the company did put out anEnglish update for "Neko Atsume" in 2015．SectionB Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notet hatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．(★★) Before science became professionalized in the 19th century，（1）naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world． A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK （2） feed wild birds． The National Trust has more than 5 million members， and 60，000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic （3）． Now， with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a （n）（4） rate， volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage．Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes． On the Isle of Man， more than 8，000 people （nearly 10% of the population） are involved in regular weekend beach cleans． At one recent event， 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours． Thanks to（5） such as this， the island status with the Galápagos， Yellowstone in the US， Uluru in Australia， and hundreds of other sites．Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too． They monitor the spread of （6） species， and record how native species respond． Divers also （7） levels of marine litter and other human impacts． Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones． Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks． The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was （8） in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK， while satellite tagging （9） the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark．Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes． No one can know better， or care more about， our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them． As a group of divers and （10） residents who lived on the shores of the bay， they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them．ReadingComprehension SectionA Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．(★★★)Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic．（1） regular practice might include mindless repetitions， deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving （2）．The greatest （3） of deliberate practice is to remain focused． In the beginning， showing up is the most important thing． But after a while we begin to carelessly （4） small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement． This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to （5）repeated behaviors into automatic habits．（6）， when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process． Today，after many repetitions， your brain can perform this sequence （7）． The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes．Mindless activity is the（8） of deliberate practice． The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes（9）． Too often， we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience． In （10）， we are merely reinforcing（加强） our current habits - not improving them．Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough． But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world？The first effective feedback system is （11）． This holds true for the number of pages we read， the number of pushups we do， the number of sales calls we make， and any other task that is important to us． It is only through measurement that we have any （12） of whether we are getting better or worse．The second effective feedback system is coaching． One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for （13）deliberate practice． In many cases， it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time． Good coaches can track your progress， find small ways to improve， and hold you（14） to delivering your best effort each day．Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity． It requires sustainedeffort and concentration， but if you can manage to maintain your focus and （15）， then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting： to get the most out of what you've got．（1）A． Since B． Whether C． While D． As（2）A． awareness B． performance C． enjoyment D． intelligence（3）A． equivalent B． ambition C． challenge D． appeal（4）A． overlook B． insert C． detect D． implement（5）A． transport B． translate C． transplant D． transform（6）A． For example B． On the contrary C． As a result D． On the other hand（7）A． carelessly B． accurately C． instantly D． automatically （8）A． outcome B． enemy C． source D． substitute（9）A． distracted B． imposed C． assumed D． noted（10）A． reality B． despair C． contrast D． return（11）A． encouragementB． compliment C． measurement D． management（12）A． motivation B． proof C． trouble D． concern（13）A． resisting B． eliminating C． defining D． sustaining（14）A． accountableB． opposed C． addicted D． parallel（15）A． existence B． commitment C． dignity D． perspective SectionB Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinisheds tatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejus tread.17．(★★)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying？ Well， you are not alone． We've all had that feeling． But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are beinglied to？Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body． When people are lying they tend not to move their arms， hands or legs very far from their body． They don't want to take up very much space because they don't want to be noticed． Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes． Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth．Liars also use deflection． For example， if you ask a liar the question "Did you steal Fatima's bag？"， they may answer with something like "Fatima is myfriend． Why would I do that？" In this situation the person is telling the truth，but they are also not answering the question． They are trying to deflect your attention． Liars may also give too many details． They may try to over-explain things． They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying．Often when a person is lying， they do not want to continue talking about their lie． If you think someone is lying， quickly change the subject． If the person islying， they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer． A little later， change the subject back to what you were talking about before． If the person seems uncomfortable again， they may be lying．It's very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you． He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven； silence gives no feedback on whether or not you've bought the story． If you're a good listener， you'll already be avoiding interruptions， which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold．Just because a person is showing these behaviors， it does not mean they are lying． They might be shy or nervous． But， if you think someone is lying， you might want to use some of these techniques． Hopefully， you won't need to very often．（1）By saying "Liars also use deflection"， the writer means that liarsmay ．A． tell great storiesB． change tone of voiceC． ask a question in replyD． avoid direct answers（2）According to the passage， a person could be lying if he or she ．A． offers more information than necessaryB． appears to be shy or nervousC． changes the subject of the conversationD． speaks very fast and vaguely（3）Which of the following can be learned from the passage？A． Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies．B． We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation．C． Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking．D． We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation．（4）The passage mainly talks about ．A． who deceives usB． why people tell liesC． how to detect liesD． what to do with liars18．(★★★) （1）What is discussed in the first letter？A． How to ask questions in a polite way．B． How to respond to a false charge．C． How to make a correction at work．D． How to handle rude mass emails at work．（2）According to Greg， expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as ．A． talking about your family issues in publicB． complaining about your prior partner on a first dateC． demonstrating your qualifications to your new bossD． bragging about your experience to your partner（3）It can be inferred that "go to greg" mainly offers advice on people's ．A． career choicesB． social relationshipsC． working problemsD． health problems19．(★★)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the﹩265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published． No follow-up investigations to replicate（复制） or expand on a discovery． No one uses the findings to build new technologies．The problem is not just what happens after publication - scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them． Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firmconclusions． Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans． Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions． The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for， as one might guess， more research on research - attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are， in fact， valid．It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem． We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient． These may include collaborative team science， study registration， stronger study designs and statistical tools， and better peer review， along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments， therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies．Reproducing other scientists' analyses or replicating their results has too oftenin the past been looked down on with a kind of "me-too" derision（嘲笑） that would waste resources - but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful． Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments． Searching for such information can be extremely difficult． Investigators die， move and change jobs； computers crash； online links malfunction． Data are sometimes lost - even， as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious（伪造的） results， eaten by termites（白蚁）．There has definitely been some recent progress． An increasing number of journals，including Nature and Science， have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access todata． Several funding agencies， meanwhile， have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant．But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change． Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just gettingstatistically significant （"positive"） but nonreplicable results． Revising the present incentive（激励） structure may require changes on the part of journals，funders， universities and other research institutions．（1）What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet？A． Great achievements in medical research failed to get published．B． Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research．C． Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication．D． Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind．（2）Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2？A． A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund．B． A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor's advice．C． A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population．D． A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data．（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？A． Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only．B． Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid．C． Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile．D． Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings．（4）The purpose of this article is to ．A． argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB． explain the result of a recent scientific studyC． introduce some recent progress in medical researchD． highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection C Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with aproper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．(★★) People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some insight into how to solve them． And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems， it feels good to let off some steam．（1） How problems are discussed， though， can be the difference between halving a problemor doubling it．The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination"． Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going overthe same problems， anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings．（2） In a study involving children aged seven to 15years of age，researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships． However， in girls， it was also associated with anxiety and depression （the same association was not found with theboys）． And studies suggest that co-rumination isn't just a problem for girls． Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress， one study suggests．（3） In a group of adults， the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact， telephone contact， texting and social media． The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact， telephone contact and texting， but not in social media． The negative aspects of co-rumination （anxiety） was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact， but not texting or social media． Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication．Discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health， as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions． Then， relationships can be positive andSummary Writing21．(★★★)Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．A Workaholic EconomyAlthough the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945， leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed． Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ． In fact，working hours have increased noticeably since 1970． Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress．There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure．Since 1970， companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel． Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb． A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and， at the same time， compels workers to spend more time on the job． Most of those incentives（诱因） involve the structure ofcompensation（报酬）． The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job． Once people are on salary， their cost to afirm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70． Therefore，it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder．For all that employees complain about long hours， they， too， have reasons not to trade money for leisure． "People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms，" Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains． "It's taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm．" He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm's well-being， so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked． Employees know this， and they adjust their behavior accordingly．Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， usingthe words given in the brackets.22．(★★★)这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会．（provide）23．(★★★)缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一．（face）24．(★★★★★)只有充分利用有限的时间，才能适应快节奏的现代生活．（Only）25．(★★★★)毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决．（remain）Guided Writing26．(★★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words accordingto the instructions given below in Chinese．成长道路上难免遇到来自同伴的压力（peer pressure）．同伴压力可能给我们带来积极或消极的影响．请结合自己生活中的一个具体事例，谈谈你的体会．注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称．。

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2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2018.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.C. Quite embarrassed.D. Deeply ashamed.2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator.C. Bill is working with a calculator.D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.C. To wear fitted clothes.D. To buy a pair of jeans.4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.C. Talking with a friend.D. Asking for information.5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Continue to read.D. Go out with some friends.7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month.B. Buying the meal ticket won’t save the man any money.C. It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month.8. A. She’s upset that she missed the television program.B. She doesn’t think the television program was funny.C. She doesn’t like talking about television programs.D. She watched the television program at a friend’s house.9. A. He doubts the woman’s words. B. He hasn’t read the nov el yet.C. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot.D. He is not interested in the novel at all.10. A. The talks haven’t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement.C. The talks haven’t achieved much.D. The talks broke down and went no further.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.C. They work on the farm for charity.D. They volunteer to work for others.12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.C. Fans can have free lunch there.D. Only superstars are invited to perform.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.D. More children cannot afford to go to university.15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.C. Parents can’t afford to send their kids to school.D. The refugee population grows but there’s not enough money.16. A. The necessity of education.B. The prohibition of child labor.C. The victims of armed conflicts.D. The living conditions of the poor.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.D. It specializes in the sale of men’s suits.18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.C. Credit it to her account.D. Give her cash directly.20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.C. It is not available for the moment.D. It is one of the items on sale.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being availableonly in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main cha racter of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog’s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games from Apple’s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of their frogs’ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local media outlets reported that the game’s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like’ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those u sers were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are onceagain at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __ (40) __ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits —not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, findsmall ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and youthink they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’ve all had thatfeeling. But did you know that there are several things you can lookfor to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what theydo with their body. When people are lying they tend not to movetheir arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.Liars also use deflection. Fo r example, if you ask a liar the question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try toover-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change thesubject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the stor y. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying “Liars also use deflection ”, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liars(B)A. How to ask questions in a polite way.B. How to respond to a false charge.C. How to make a correction at work.D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.A. talking about your family issues in publicB. complaining about your prior partner on a first dateC. demonstrating your qualifications to your new bossD. bragging about your experience to your partner62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people’s __________.A. career choicesB. social relationshipsC. working problemsD. health problems(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No oneuses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Repr oducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost —even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but n onreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam.(67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associat ed with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties. (70)________________IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Workaholic EconomyAlthough the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the jobas they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure.Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder.For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It’s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。