历年真题长难句分析
深度解析考研英语历年真题中的变态长难句(上)
深度解析考研英语历年真题中的变态长难句（上）摘要：长难句应该是考研英语中最让人头疼的了，语法基础不过关，语感不突出，真的是不好掌握，但它还挺重要，因为涉及到阅读文章的正确理解、翻译题的准确翻译。
考生需要对历年考研英语真题中的经典长难句进行深度剖析，如此才能真正提高长难句破解的功力。
今天就为大家深度解析这些长难句，篇幅原因，这次是前半部分。
一、It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words，all we can do is articulate our reactions to it，and not grasp music itself.1.重点词汇及短语：describewith 用描述articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达，描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的reaction n. 反应grasp v. 理解，领会（尤指复杂的事情或观点）2.句子成分分析：本句为主从复合句，主干是It is also the reason...。
why引导定语从句，解释说明the reason。
定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。
关系副词why引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如：He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which，取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分：先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分，应该用why。
例如：Please tell me the reason why he was late.（先行词reason在从句中作原因状语）；先行词reason在从句中作名词性成分，应该用that/which。
考研英语：历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解 (1)
考研英语圣经——历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.【翻译】在美国大部分州成为一名律师只有一条途径：学生要先获得其他专业的四年本科学历，再在由美国律师协会授权的 200 所法律学校中的一所学校中学习三年获得法律学位，而且准备律师资格考试也需要昂贵的费用。
【句子结构分析】There is just one path ①for a lawyer in most American states: ②a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.本句为简单句，句子主干 There is just one path 为 there be 句型。
①for a lawyer 为介词结构作状语，表示对象；其后的 in most American states为介词结构地点状语；②并列的名词结构 a four-year undergraduate degree...a three-year law degree...and an expensive preparation... 作同位语，解释说明 one path；其中 in some unrelated subject 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a four-year undergraduate degree；at one of 200 law schools 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a three-year law degree；authorized by the American Bar Association为过去分词结构作后置定语，修饰 200 law schools；In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.和雇用专业经理专门提高公司运营的效率，有助于减少成本，提高服务质量。
历年考研《英语》真题长难句解析
1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parlia mentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【译文】经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州政府)成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。
【析句】句子的主体结构是Australia's Northern Territory becam e the first legal authority。
句首成分After six months of arguing an d final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates是作状语的介词词组，动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patien ts who wish to die相当于定语从句which allows doctors to take th e lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die，修饰the first lega l authority。
【讲词】to take the life of sb和to take sb’s life意思是“结束某人的生命”。
A car bombing took the life of a 61-year-old man.(汽车炸弹夺去了一位61岁老头的生命。
高考英语河南卷阅读理解难点分析及历年真题答案
高考英语河南卷阅读理解难点分析及历年真题答案高考英语阅读理解一直是考生们备考过程中的难点之一。
为了帮助广大考生更好地应对高考英语阅读理解题目，本文将对河南卷的阅读理解题目进行深入分析，并提供历年真题的答案。
以下是具体内容。
一、难点分析1. 长难句剖析在高考英语阅读理解中，常常会出现一些长难句，对考生的阅读能力提出了更高的要求。
这种情况在河南卷中尤为明显。
考生需要理解句子的结构和逻辑关系，正确把握句子的核心意思。
2. 含义推断阅读理解题目中常常会出现一些含义模糊、需要推断的词语或短语。
考生需要根据上下文的暗示和自己的语言推理能力来得出正确的答案。
这对考生的语感和阅读理解能力提出了更高的要求。
3. 文化背景理解高考英语阅读理解中的材料涉及到多种不同的话题和文化背景。
考生需要在有限的时间内理解并运用这些背景知识，正确回答相关问题。
二、历年真题分析及答案以下是河南卷历年英语阅读理解题的分析及答案。
【阅读理解1】The benefits of exercise go beyond physical appearance. While getting fit may be on your new year's resolution list every year, you might want to make it more than something you intend to do, but never quite follow through with. There are a number of reasons why exercise should be a priority in your daily life.Exercise is beneficial for the body in many ways. It helps prevent diseases such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and even some forms of cancer. It boosts your immune system to fight off illness. It improves sleep and helps to manage stress. It also increases energy levels and improves overall mental health.Exercise is not only good for the body, but it also has many positive effects on the mind. It has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve cognitive function, and enhance memory and focus.Taking time out of your day for exercise can actually help you be more productive. Physical activity releases endorphins, which improve mood and increase productivity. It can also help improve your creativity and problem-solving skills.So, next time you find yourself making excuses for not exercising, remember the many benefits it offers. Incorporating exercise into your daily routine is an investment in your overall health and well-being.1. According to the passage, exercise can help prevent all of the following diseases EXCEPT ______.A. cardiovascular diseaseB. high blood pressureC. type 1 diabetesD. certain forms of cancer答案：C2. The word "productive" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.A. healthyB. successfulC. efficientD. active答案：C3. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To provide tips for making exercise a priority in daily life.B. To explain the positive effects of exercise on mental health.C. To analyze the benefits of exercise for the body and mind.D. To encourage readers to incorporate exercise into their daily routine.答案：C通过以上对历年真题的分析，我们可以发现河南卷的阅读理解题目相对其他地区的卷子来说较为平易近人，选项也相对较简单，但需要考生对题目进行仔细阅读和推理。
轻松搞定考研英语阅读——历年真题长难句分析(54)
轻松搞定考研英语阅读——历年真题长难句分析（54）难度：困难作者：沪江英语原创评论：1小编前言：阅读是考研英语中重要的得分点和难点，对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解，也是学习语法，积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。
而考研英语真题阅读部分均选自Economists、New Yorker等著名外文报纸及杂志，其行文和词汇原汁原味，值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。
准备2014考研的研友们，还等什么？赶快学起来吧！同时，欢迎各位考生针对例句的翻译及分析给出自己的理解哦！P.S. 从本期起，例句分析材料选自考研英语二阅读，请大家知晓。
1. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. (2010. 阅读. Text 1)【译文】在赫斯特先生的作品畅销后的几月里，消费成为过时行为，尤其是在纽约，那里银行破产，成千上百人失去工作，许多艺术品投资者陷入了金融危机。
【析句】多重复合句，主句为spending of any sort became unfashionable, esp. in New York 作地点状语，where the bail-out of the banks…jobs and…investors为定语从句修饰New York。
主句前in the weeks and months是时间状语，后面也有that 引导的定语从句修饰weeks and months。
考研英语历年真题疑难长句汇总
一、复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[参考译文]当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。
二、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参考译文]与你谈话时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。
你的“资历”和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。
[结构分析]这也是一个并列句，包含两个分句。
第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether……，其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education，your学府考研experience，and other qualifications will pay him to employ you；第二个分句的主干是your “wares”and abilities must be displayed……。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1、While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured、【译文】尽管警告常常就是适当而且必须得——比如对于药物相互作用得危险提出警告——许多警告还就是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出得，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告就是不就是确实可以使得生产者与销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured就是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正得主语就是that引导得从句，而that从句之后就是一个if引导得条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间得部分就是举例说明warnings得内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中得many就是指many warnings。
2、Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 、【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起得各种问题也会对社会造成新得压力。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
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2012年考研英语阅读长难句"四种类型"分析1．含有分隔结构的句子分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现，它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。
在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。
插入语有很多不同的类型，可以是一个词，比如形容词（strange，etc）、副词（p ersonally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，etc）；可以是短语，比如形容词短语（worst still，sure enough，etc）、介词短语（of course，in short，as a matter of fact，by the way，etc）、分词短语、动词不定式（to be sure，to tell you t he truth，etc）；也可以是句子，比如if I may say so，if you don't mind，that is（to say）等都是非常常见的插入语。
通常，去掉句中这些插入成分不会影响句子的完整性。
如：I say /hear，I think /hope / believe，you know / see，wh at's more，I'm afraid，do you think / suppose等。
如：His journey to the e-mail use began innocently enough when,as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.这是一个典型的含有多个插入语的长句。
as chairman of Computer Associates I nternational是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates Interna tional的同位语，它们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。
去掉这些插入语后，这句话的意思就很清楚了。
2．被从句拉长的简单句这些句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。
遇到这种情况时，在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容，往往读了几遍，还搞不清整个句子的结构。
如：Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day havi ng occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same k ind,though differing in degree,which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.事实上，无论多长多复杂的句子，都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。
主干是整句话的主体框架，主要指主谓宾结构（He plays basketball）或主系表结构（This is an apple）。
修饰成分可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是从句，无论是何种形式，它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。
因此，对于这种类型的长句，我们要做的首先是确定主干，然后理清从句结构，再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意，再联系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。
如果前后文理不通，则可能是分析有误，这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。
用上述的方法简化上述的那句话，就会发现，句子的主干是there is not one，后面都是修饰成分。
定语从句who has not...natural phenomenon修饰先行词one，在这个定语从句中，of the very same kind...as that...作为后置定语修饰a compl ex train of reasoning；句中有一个让步状语though differing in degree作为分隔结构，把the very same...as that分隔开；as that which...中的that是先行词，被which所引导的定语从句修饰。
在考研英语阅读中，常用来拉长简单句的就是定语从句和状语从句。
很多考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。
比如分不清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，或者一个从句究竟该在哪里结束。
因为忘记了一个重要的原则--在没有列举的情况下，以句号为标记的一句话中一般只能有一个谓语动词。
3．多个并列句构成的长句这是一种相对简单的情况，我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词（and, so,but,or, etc），然后将长句分解成多个分句，理清各分句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句。
如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five b eautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.需要注意的是，这种类型的句子中常出现省略现象，比如在本例中，第二个并列句即had前面就省去了and he。
4．复合从句对于复合从句，要首先找出从属连词并确定主句，接着按照简单句的分析方法，梳理各分句的结构和意义，然后确定各从句的性质，也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构，最后综合整体考虑全句大意。
如：In the early indus trialized coun-tries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-re aching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a centur y, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.在这个句子中，首先确定连词whereas（而）表示对比，确定主句并找出主干结构，也就是the process of industrialization was spread，破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词process，其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。
在进行长难句分析时，还应特别注意以下几点：（1）是否有省略、倒装等现象；（2）明确替代词的所指对象；（3）判断并列成分的层次；（4）句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用（5）在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，要判断状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；3）名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4）非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case/before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1）主干结构是主语（Lord Irvine含同位语the Lord Chancellor）+将来时谓语（will introduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2）that引导的定语从句修饰draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payments to witnesses illegal是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses做making的宾语，illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是will strictly control, the amount of publicity是它的宾语。
that can be given to a case before a trial begins是孕含有一个时间状语从句（before a trial begins）的定语从句，修饰publicity。
例题：1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。
s ince引导原因状语从句。
此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。
在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields是状语），possible做宾语补足语。