中医名词术语标准参考

中医名词术语标准参考舌诊舌诊：tongue diagnosis望舌：inspection of tongue舌象：tongue manifestation舌尖：tip of the tongue舌边：margins of the tongue舌中；舌心：center of the tongue舌根；舌本：root of the tongue舌体；舌质：tongue body舌色：tongue color荣枯老嫩：luxuriant/ flourishing, withered, tough and tender淡白舌：whitish tongue淡红舌：reddish tongue红舌：red tongue青舌：blue tongue紫舌：purple tongue青紫色：bluish purple tongue绛舌：crimson tongue胖大舌：enlarged tongue肿胀舌：wollen tongue瘦薄舌：thin tongue点刺舌：spotted tongue芒刺舌：prickly tongue齿痕舌：teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌：fissured tongue光剥舌：peeled tongue镜面舌：mirror tongue地图舌：geographical tongue舌衄：spontaneous bleeding of the tongue强硬舌：stiff tongue萎软舌：limp wilting tongue颤动舌：trembling tongue歪斜舌：deviated tongue短缩舌：contracted tongue吐弄舌：protruded agitated tongue舌卷：curled tongue苔色：coating color苔质：texture of coating白苔：white coating白砂苔：white sandy coating黄苔：yellow coating黑苔：black coating灰苔：gray coating绿苔：green coating薄苔：thin coating厚苔：thick coating润苔：moist coating燥苔：dry coating燥裂苔：dry and cracked coating滑苔：slippery coating腻苔：greasy（世中联）/slimy coating腐苔：curdy coating染苔：stained coating脉诊浮脉类（轻取即得）浮（举之有余，按之不足）floating pulse; superficial pulse洪（脉体阔大，充实有力，来盛去衰）surging pulse；full and over-flowing pulse濡（浮细无力而软）soggy pulse散（浮取散漫而无根，伴至数或脉力不匀）scattered pulse芤（浮大中空，如按葱管）hollow pulse; empty pulse革（浮而搏指，中空边坚）tympanic pulse; drumskin pulse沉脉类（重按始得）沉（轻取不应，重按始得）sunken pulse；deep pulse伏（重按推至筋骨始得）hidden pulse弱（沉细无力而软）weak pulse; feeble pulse；牢（沉按实大弦长）firm pulse; hard迟脉类（一息不足四至）迟（一息不足四至）slow pulse; tardy pulse缓（一息四至，脉来怠缓）moderate pulse; relaxed pulse涩（往来艰涩，迟滞不畅）unsmooth pulse；uneven pulse结（迟而时一至，止无定数）knotted pulse; bound pulse（irregular intermittent pulse）数脉类（一息五至以上）数（一息五至以上，不足七至）rapid pulse；quick pulse疾（脉来急疾，一息七八至）racing pulse; swift pulse促（数而时一止，止无定数）irregular-rapid pulse; skipping pulse（rapid irregular intermittent pulse）动（脉短如豆，滑数有力）stirred pulse虚类脉（应指无力）虚（举按无力，应指松软）weak pulse（asthenia pulse）细（脉细如线，应指明显）thin pulse；thready pulse；微（极细极软，似有似无）faint pulse代（迟而中止，止有定数）regularly intermittent pulse短（首尾俱短，不及本部）short pulse实脉类（应指有力）实（举按充实有力）excess pulse滑（往来流利，应指圆滑）slippery pulse弦（端直以长，如按琴弦）string-like pulse; wiry pulse; taut pulse紧（绷急弹指，状如转索）tight pulse；tense pulse长（首尾端直，超过本位）long pulse大（脉体宽大，无汹涌之势）large pulse真脏脉true visceral pulse雀啄脉sparrow（bird）-pecking pulse釜沸脉seething cauldron pulse; bubble-rising pulse（世中联）鱼翔脉fish-waving pulse; fish-swimming pulse虾游脉shrimp-darting pulse屋漏脉roof-leaking pulse解索脉rope-untwining pulse弹石脉stone-flicking pulse偃刀脉knife-upturned pulse转豆脉bean-spinning pulse麻促脉confused skipping pulse离经脉abnormally rapid or slow pulse治则治则：therapeutic principle/治本：treat the root治标：treat the tip正治法：routine treatment寒者热之：treat cold with heat热者寒之：treat heat with cold虚则补之：treat deficiency by tonification实则泻之：treat excess by purgation反治法：paradoxical/contrary treatment寒因寒用：treat cold with cold热因热用：treat heat with heat痛因通用：treating the unstopped by unstopping(WHO); treating diarrhea with purgatives塞因塞用：treating the stopped by stopping(WHO); treating obstructive diseases by tonification(《汉英医学大辞典》)扶正祛邪：reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors攻补兼施：treat with both elimination and reinforcement误治：erroneous treatment异病同治：treating different diseases with the same method同病异治：treating the same disease with different methods先急后缓(急则治其标，缓则治其本)：treating the acute before the chronic(WHO)；the acute condition should be treated prior to the chronic condition先表后里：treating the exterior before the interior加减方：modified formula合方：combined formula治法治法method of treatment; therapeutic method八法：eight (therapeutic) methods (diaphoresis, emesis, purgation, mediation, warming, clearing, tonification and resolution )汗法：promoting sweating; diaphoresis解表：release the exterior发汗解表：promoting sweating to release the exterior辛温解表：release the exterior with pungent-warm(WHO)；relieving exterior syndrome with the pungent and worm herbs辛凉解表：release the exterior with pungent-cold(WHO)；relieving exterior syndrome with the pungent and cold herbs解肌：release the flesh透表：outthrust through the exterior(WHO)；expelling pathogen through exterior透疹：outthrust rashes祛风：dispel wind疏风：disperse wind散寒：dissipate cold疏风泄热：disperse wind and discharge heat疏散风热：disperse wind-heat疏表润燥：disperse from the exterior and moisten dryness扶正解表：reinforce the healthy qi and release the exterior宣肺: diffuse the lung(WHO)；ventilating the lung(世中联) 西化宣肺止咳平喘：diffuse the lung to suppress cough and to calm panting；ventilating the lung and relieving cough and dyspnea宣肺化痰：diffuse the lung to resolve phlegm(WHO)；ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm通（鼻）窍：relieve the throat利咽：soothe the throat泻火：purge fire；reduce fire泻心（肺、肝）：purge the heart (lung, liver)清肝泻火：clearing the liver to reduce fire(《汉英中医药学词典》)清法：clearing method清热：clear heat清气泄热：clearing heat from qi aspect清气凉营；气营两清：clear the qi aspect and cool the nutrient aspect清营凉血：clear the nutrient aspect and cool the blood aspect清营透疹：clear the nutrient aspect and promote eruption清热凉血；凉血：clear heat to cool the blood透营转气；透热转气：expel from the nutrient aspect through the qi aspect清热生津：clear heat and engender fluid清心（肝、胃、肺）火：clear heart (liver, stomach, lung) fire清热利湿：clear heat and drain dampness清暑热：clear summerheat清暑益气：clear summerheat and boost(replenish) qi解暑：release summerheat泄热救津：discharge heat to preserve fluid轻清宣化：clear and disperse with lightness苦寒泻火：discharge fire with bitter-cold苦寒清热：clear heat with bitter-cold降火：reducing fire解毒：detoxify; removing toxin(世中联)除疳热：relieve (infantile) malnutrition fever; relieve fever in infantile malnutrition下法：purgation寒下：cold purgation泻下泄热: discharging heat by purgation温下：warm purgation峻下；急下：drastic purgation轻下；缓攻：mild purgation润下：moistening purgation(世中联)润肠：moisten the intestine通便：relax the bowel; promoting defecation; easing defecation; easing bowel movement泻下软坚：soften hardness with purgation泻下攻积：remove accumulation with purgation釜底抽薪：take away firewood from under cauldron温下寒积：remove cold accumulation with warm purgation泻下逐水；攻逐水饮：expel retained fluid by purgation增液润下；增液润肠：increasing humor to relax bowels; increasing body fluid to lubricate bowels( induce bowel movement)和法：harmonize method调和气血：harmonize qi and blood调和营卫：harmonize the nutrient and defense理气：regulate qi行气：move/activate qi行气止痛：activate qi to stop pain行气消胀：activate qi to relieve flatulence理中：regulate the middle和胃：harmonize the stomach调和脾胃（肝胃、肝脾）：harmonize the spleen and stomach()和解表里：harmonize the exterior and interior和解少阳：harmonize the shao yang表里双解：release both exterior and interior交通心肾：coordinate the heart and kidney; harmonize the heart and kidney祛湿：dispel dampness清热除湿：clear heat and eliminate dampness清肝除湿：purge the liver and dispel dampness散寒祛湿：dissipate cold and dispel dampness化湿：resolve dampness清热化湿：clear heat and resolve dampness祛暑化湿：dispel summerheat and resolve dampness醒脾化湿：enliven/ invigorating the spleen and resolve dampness芳香化湿：resolve dampness with aroma芳香化浊：resolve turbidity with aroma芳香辟秽：dispel filth with aroma燥湿：dry dampness苦温燥湿：dry dampness with bitter-warm清热燥湿：clear heat and dry dampness燥湿健脾：dry dampness to fortify the spleen；drying dampness and invigorate spleen利湿：drain dampness利水渗湿：induce diuresis to drain dampness(WHO)；promoting urination and draining dampness(世中联)淡渗利湿：draining dampness and with bland利水消肿：induce diuresis to alleviate edema分消上下；分消走泄：separate elimination from upper and lower; respectively expelling…化饮：resolve retained fluid祛痰：dispel ;phlegm化痰：resolve phlegm燥湿化痰：dry dampness to resolve phlegm清化热痰：clear and resolve heat-phlegm温化寒痰：warm and resolve cold-phlegm温肺化痰：warm the lung and resolve phlegm温肺化饮：warm the lung and resolve fluid retention熄风化痰：extinguish wind and resolve phlegm祛风痰：dispel wind-phlegm润燥化痰：moisten dryness to resolve phlegm降气化痰；下气消痰：direct qi downward to resolve phlegm(WHO)；descending qi and resolving phlegm; lowering qi and eliminating phlegm(世中联)降逆止咳平喘：descending counterflow of qi, relieving cough and dyspnea (stop cough and calm dyspnea )纳气平喘：promote qi absorption to calm panting消痰软坚：eliminate/disperse phlegm and soften hardness软坚化痰：soften hardness and resolve phlegm清燥润肺：clear dryness to moisten the lung润肺止咳：moisten the lung to suppress/stop cough敛肺止咳：constrain the lung to suppress cough泻肺平喘：温法：warming method温补：warm tonification温里散寒；温里祛寒：warm the interior to dissipate cold温里：warm the interior温脾/胃/肺：warm the spleen/ stomach/lung温中：warm the middle温中散寒；温中祛寒：warm the middle and dissipate cold温中和胃：warm the middle to harmonize the stomach温中止呕：warm the middle to check vomiting温肺散寒：warm the lung and dissipate cold温肾；温肾阳：warm the lung温阳：warm yang温阳行水：warm yang to move water暖宫：warm the uterus温经：warm the meridian温经止痛：warm the meridian to relieve pain温经散寒：warm the meridian to dissipate cold温经回阳；温经扶阳：warm the meridian to restore yang回阳救逆；回阳：restore yang to save from collapse温经行滞：warm the meridian to move stagnation温经养血：warm the meridian to nourish blood宣痹通阳：diffuse impediment and free yang行气宽中：move qi to soothe the middle行气止痛：move qi to relieve pain行气宽胸：move qi to soothe the chest理气健脾：regulate qi and fortify the spleen疏肝理气：soothe the liver and regulate qi疏肝养血：soothe the liver and nourish blood疏肝泻火：soothe the liver and purge fire疏肝健脾：soothe the liver and fortify spleen疏肝理脾：soothe the liver and regulate spleen疏肝和胃：soothe the liver and harmonize stomach疏风：eliminate/ dispel/disperse wind降逆下气；降气；下气：direct qi downward降气止呃；降逆止呃：direct(WHO) / descend (世中联)qi downward to relieve hiccup 破气：break qi凉血止血：cool the blood and stop bleeding凉血散瘀：cool the blood and dissipate stasis固冲止血：strengthen thoroughfare vessel to stop bleeding活血：activate blood活血止痛：activate blood to relieve pain活血化瘀：activate blood and resolve stasis活血行气：activate blood and move qi活血调经：activate blood to regulate menstruation调经：regulate menstruation通经：dredge(世中联)/unblock(WHO) the meridian散瘀：dissipate (blood) stasis破血逐瘀;破瘀；逐瘀：break blood and expel stasis舒筋活络：relax sinews and activate collaterals通络：dredge the collaterals疏风通络：dispel wind to free the collateral vessels潜阳：subdue yang平肝潜阳：pacify the liver to subdue yang熄风：extinguish wind熄风止痉；熄风解痉：extinguish wind to arrest/stop (世中联) convulsions 凉肝熄风：cool the liver to/and extinguish wind滋阴熄风：nourish yin to/and extinguish wind清热熄风：clear heat to/and extinguish wind镇肝熄风：calm the liver to/and extinguish wind补法：tonifying method补气；益气：tonify qi大补元气：greatly tonify the original qi补气壮阳：tonify qi and invigorate yang补气生血：tonify qi and produce blood补益气血：tonify qi and replenish blood升提中气；升举中气：upraise/elevate the middle qi升阳：upraise/elevate yang补阳：tonify yang壮阳：invigorate yang温补命门：warm and tonify the life gate补益中气：tonify and replenish the middle qi补血；养血：tonify blood补养心血：tonify and nourish heart blood养心：tonify the heart; cultivate the mind补脾：tonify the spleen健脾：fortify (WHO)/invigorate (世中联)/ strengthen the spleen健脾益气：fortify the spleen and replenish qi健脾养血：fortify the spleen and nourish blood健脾扶阳：fortify the spleen and support yang健脾利湿：fortify the spleen and drain dampness健脾豁痰：fortify the spleen to sweep phlegm健胃：invigorate the stomach开胃：increase the appetite温补脾胃：warm and tonify the spleen and stomach补火助阳；补肾火：tonify fire and assist yang柔肝；养肝：nourish/soothe the liver滋阴：enrich yin and tonify yang滋阴补阳：enrich yin and tonfy yang滋阴潜阳：enrich yin and subdue yang滋阴抑阳：enrich yin and repress yang滋肾养肝：enrich the kidney and nourish the liver补心阴；养心阴：tonify the heart yin补肝阴；养肝阴：tonify the liver yin润肺：moisten the lung生津：produce fluid养胃阴；补胃阴；养胃：nourish the stomach yin补肾益气：tonify the kidney and replenish qi温肾健脾：warm kidney and tonify the spleen调肝补肾：regulate the liver and supplement the kidney滋、补、养、益：nourish /enrich/ tonify/ supplement(不统一，有重叠，难以区别)滋水涵木：enrich water to moisten wood酸甘化阴：sour and sweet transforming into yin (世中联);form yin with the sour and sweet辛甘化阳：pungent and sweet transforming into yang (世中联) ;form yang with the pungent and sweet引火归原；引火下行：conduct fire back to its origin温肾纳气：warm the kidney to promote qi absorption固涩法：astringing method涩肠止泻：astringe the intestines and check diarrhea固精：secure essence固精缩尿：secure essence and reduce urination固崩止带：stem flooding and check vaginal discharge; stopping metrorrhagia and leukorrhgia (世中联)固冲止带：secure the thoroughfare vessel and stanch vaginal discharge固表：secure the exterior固表止汗；敛汗固表：secure/consolidate (世中联) the exterior to check sweating安神：tranquilize养心安神：nourish the heart to tranquilize the mind镇惊安神：settle fright and tranquilize the mind重镇安神：tranquilize the mind by heavy settling开窍；醒脑：open the orifices; inducing resuscitation; resuscitation (世中联)清心开窍：clear the heart and open the orifices清热开窍：clear heat to open the orifices化痰开窍：resolve phlegm to open the orifices芳香开窍：open the orifices with aroma消食导滞：promote digestion and remove food stagnation 消痈散结：disperse abscesses and nodules消痈散疖：disperse abscesses and boils。