新编跨文化英语交际Unit4-01Language and Culture
新编跨文化交际英语教程答案详解
make up what is called ―culture‖ in the social sciences－the habits of everyday life, the cues to
live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the
instant of birth. It is omnipresent.
5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?
which people respond, the automatic reactions they have to whatever they see and hear. These often
differ, and the differences may introduce misunderstandings where we seek understanding.
旨在通过课堂教学及相关活动使学生认识跨文化交际对当代世界所具有的重要意义和作用，
了解文化对人类生活各个方面、尤其是交际活动的制约和影响，理解并把握交际活动的重要
性、丰富性、复杂性，熟悉跨文化交际的基本构成以及所涉及的各种因素，培养跨文化意识，
形成和发展对文化差异的敏感和宽容、以及处理文化差异问题的灵活性，提高使用英语进行
跨文化交际Unit4
பைடு நூலகம்
More examples
“Why time flies?”
“Because somebody wants to kill it.” “你有什么了不起，能把我吃了！”
“不能,我是回民！” 外甥打灯笼照(舅)旧
Language = neutral codes and grammatical rules? We make cultural choices when we select words,
form sentences and send a message. All languages have social questions and information
as before; as usual; as of old 狗撵鸭子呱呱叫
very good
More examples
恋爱“三草”原则: 女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我
呢？
男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.)
meaning comes out of the context, the cultural usage.
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
Language reflects the environment in which we live. (snow, wine)
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
跨文化交际课件第四章语言与文化Language and culture概要1
Words different in denotation
Things or concepts are represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more terms in the other language, i.e. finer distinctions exist inor Street Walking
It is said that in Rome, in front of a shoe store, there was such a sign to attract English-speaking customers: Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit. The sign caught the attention of many Englishspeaking tourists, but not to look at the shoes displayed in the windows, but to read the sign and then break out into laughter.
Case 3 A Misunderstanding Caused
by a Joke
Roger was the Personnel Executive of a large American multinational firm. In 1996, Roger was working in Brazil to help promote their business. One evening, there was a party, attended by both his employees from the United States and many Brazilian business people. At the party, Roger bumped into Rosalita, a Brazilian woman he had known for some time. Roger generally had a very good impression of Rosalita and always felt at ease with her, so that he felt free to tell jokes and share personal thoughts, and talk about Brazil and Brazilian life without having the jitters of offending Rosalita.
跨文化交际Unit 4课件
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
打落水狗, 斗鸡走狗, 狗恶 酒酸, 狗吠不惊, 狗急跳墙, 狗头军师, 狗血喷头, 狗眼 看人, 狗仗人势, 狗嘴里吐 不出象牙, 挂羊头、卖狗肉, 关门打狗, 狐朋狗友, 鸡鸣 狗吠, 嫁鸡随鸡、嫁狗随狗, 狼心狗肺, 鼠窃狗盗, 偷鸡 摸狗, 指鸡骂狗, 猪卑狗险, 狗皮膏药, 狗走狐淫, 丧家 之狗, 狗行狼心, 狗胆包女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我 呢？ 男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.) 女：你们班上也有女孩呀！我们俩相隔这么远，为何来追我 呢？ 男：兔子不吃窝边草！(A rabbit doesn„t nibble the grass near its own hole.) 女：那你现在为什么又要抛弃我呢？你这个混蛋！ 男：天涯何处无芳草！(There are plenty of fish in the sea.)
“Language-and-culture” in the five dimensions of culture
Language and cultural products Language and cultural practices Language and cultural perspectives Language and cultural communities Language and persons
More examples
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
跨文化交际全部答案
跨文化交际全部答案(总30页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An Introduction Comprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone‟s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary worldThis is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is notuncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What‟s the difference between today‟s intercultural contact and that of any time in the pastToday‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importancethan in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life todayNew technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communicationThe three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one‟s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in itThe family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in thatworld.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our cultureBecause language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning toPeople can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society existA free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changedMany things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is likeAs our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people maylive thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalizationTechnology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global‟m ay be more local than the …local‟”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, ―the ‗global‘ may be more local than the ‗local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the worldEffective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in theglobal market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-culturaldifferences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world areconfronted withCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case ofMichael FayThis case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towardsglobalizationGlobalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
跨文化交际课件Unit 4
Language and Culture
A: Why couldn’t Cinderella be a good soccer player? B: She lost her shoe, she ran away from the ball, and her coach was a pumpkin.
references\一封信(colors).doc
Chinese Zodiac
mouse
ox
tiger
rabbit
dragon
snake
Chinese Zodiac
horse
sheep
monkey
rooster
dog
pig
Animal
mouse
Chinese
disgust, timid, dirty, smart and agile （敏捷）
tiger
ferocity（凶猛）
rabbit
dragon snake
cute and tameபைடு நூலகம்
majesty(威严；权威) harmful
lovely, reproductive （生殖、再生的）
evil evil
Animal
horse
Chinese
success/ devotion/ hardworking docile(温顺的) and
English
devotion/hardworking/ beauty, strength
sheep
monkey rooster dog pig
weak
clever, agile（机敏的） and a little impatient prostitute humble stupid, lazy, dirty
新编跨文化英语交际Unit4-01Language and Culture
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Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
• 2. What are the other functions of using question forms apart from asking for information? • It serves as a lubricant to move the conversation forward. Such a question can be called a "social question".
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Warm Up
• • • • • • 2. A: I am sorry. Foreigner: I am sorry, too. A: I am sorry three. Foreigner: What are you sorry for (four)? A: I am sorry five.
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1.The limits of my language are the limits of my world.
• 我语言的局限意味 着我的世界/天地的 局限. • 语言的限制就是我 世界里的限制 .
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• Gozayimasuおはようございます
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How to Say “Hello” in Different Languages
• • • • • Chinese: 你好, 您好 (formal) Hello – English Guten Tag – German Bonjour – French Hola – Spanish
跨文化交际--unit 4 language and culture
颜色词 Color Words
• White 白 – 包含white的其他习语： • the white area: an anti-revolutionary area 白区 • White Day: 白色情人节（3月14日） • white light district: ever-bright area • a white elephant: something burdensome and valueless; huge burden • show the white feather: show fear 露
颜色词 Color Wordsห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• White 白 – 红人 • In Chinese, those who are popular and find favor with their bosses are called 红人. • In English, they are blue-eyed boys. – 白毛女 • white-haired girl
颜色词 Color Words
• White 白 – To most Chinese and Westerners, WHITE has certain similar connotations: purity, innocence, 洁白, 清白无辜.
颜色词 Color Words
• White 白 – white lie • a harmless lie 无恶意的谎言 – white man • 忠实可靠的人
颜色词 Color Words
• Red 红
– RED is the color associated with revolution and socialism (革命和社会主义). • 红卫兵 • The English word Red with a capital “R”, is often used as a synonym for a communist, usually in a derogatory sense. • 又红又专 both socialist minded and professionally qualified • 一颗红心 as loyal to the Party, having socialist virtues
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt
a) Each individual are unique. b) Stereotyping. c) Objectivity. d) Communication is not a Cure-all.
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
• Culture is – Transmitted from generation to generation – Learned – Shared – Based on symbols – Dynamic – An intergrated system
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化 交际
CHAPTER 1
Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
– increased the probability of survival
– satisfaction for the participants in an ecological niche
– share with those who could communicate with each other and lived in the same tCommunication:
Cross-CulturalCommunicationUnit1-4跨文化交际.ppt
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• We learned our culture through mass media
• Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
• Culture is based on symbols
• Culture is subjected to change
• Subjective elements include: values, beliefs, attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in the society.
• Basic functions of Culture: adapt to a particular ecology, and includes the knowledge that people need to have in order to function in their own social environment.
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
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1.The limits of my language are the limits of my world.
• 我语言的局限意味 着我的世界/天地的 局限. • 语言的限制就是我 世界里的限制 .
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Unit4-01
• Gozayimasuおはようございます
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How to Say “Hello” in Different Languages
• • • • • Chinese: 你好, 您好 (formal) Hello – English Guten Tag – German Bonjour – French Hola – Spanish
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Warm Up
• 2. • A. Why couldn’t Cinderella be a good soccer player? • B. She lost her shoe, she ran away from the ball, and her coach was a pumpkin.
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Saying “thank you”
• • • •
• • • •
English: Thank You German: Danke (schö - (dahn-kuh (shurn) n) Spanish: Gracias Japanese:ありがとうございます arigato gozaimasu [pronounced: A-rii-gah-to' goh-zaemas] (formal) Korean:감사합니다Gomapsupnida (formal ) [pronounced: go-mahp-soop-nee-dah] Korean:고마워요/고맙습니다 Komapsumnida Russian: Спасибо (sounds like spa-see-ba)
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1.The limits of my language are the limits of my world.
• Language is the communication of meaning between anything in anyway. So for that to be narrowed or limited is to also limit your understanding of the world around you. basically keep an open mind. • 我语言的局限意味着我的世界/天地的局限. • 语言的限制就是我世界里的限制 .
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• 7. Does the author think it possible for countries such as France and Iceland to keep their languages pure by implementing language policies? • 8. What are the possible language barriers in classroom teaching?
Unit 4-01
Language and Culture
Warm Up
• 1.The limits of my language are the limits of my world. • 2.The sum of human wisdom is not contained in any one language, and no single language is capable of expressing all forms and degrees of human comprehension. • nguage most shows a man. Speak, that I may see thee.
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Ug I How Is Language Related to Culture
• • • • • How to Say “Hello” in Different Languages? Hello Guten Tag, Bonjour, or Ohio
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• 2.The sum of human wisdom is not contained in any one language, and no single language is capable of expressing all forms and degrees of human comprehension. • Ezra Pound (1885-1972) • 任何一种语言都无法包含人类智慧的结晶的总和, 任何单一的语言都无法表达人的认知的所有形式 和程度. -----庞德,诗人( 1885年至1972年)
• Ohio – Japanese おはよう • Gozayimasu- Japaneseおはようございます
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How to Say “Hello” in Different Languages
• Japanese: おはようございます (ohayō gozaimá = good morning, polite), こんにち su は (kó nnichi wa = good day), こんばんは (kó mban wa = good evening), おはよう (ohayō = hello • Korean: 안녕하세요 (annyeonghaseyo, formal), 안녕 (annyeong, informal) Russian: привет (privé informal), t, здравствуйте (zdrá vstvujte, formal), добрый день (dóbryj den’)
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• nguage most shows a man. Speak, that I may see thee. • 语言最能显示一个人，说话吧，让我看看你的真 面目. • 语言最能表现一个人。一开口说话，就可以看出 来。 • 意思是一个人所讲的话可以反映出他的品格。这 很好理解，像有的人说话尖刻不饶人，那他就是 毒舌派，如果有的人讲话喋喋不休，那他就是长 舌妇。。。总之，听别人说话，可以帮助你判断 他可信可敬的程度。
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Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
• 1. What can we do to avoid attributing a very different meaning to a phrase or interpret it literally? • We have to be aware of the cultural implications of the phrase.
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How to Say “Hello” in Different Languages
• • • • • • •
English: goodbye Italian: ciao bella French: au revoir Spanish: adios Russian: Довиждане (dasvidania) German: auf wiedersen Japanese:さよなら (Sayonara ) Korean: 안녕히 계세요 (Annyeonghi gyeseyo)
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Warm Up
• • • • •
(P118.)
1.[In a physics class] Professor: What is matter? Student: Never mind. Professor : Then what is mind? Student: It doesn’t matter.
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• 4. What is the relationship between environment and language? • 5. Does the author think there are exact equivalents in dictionaries that have the same meanings in different cultures? • 6. How does language change over time?
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Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
• 2. What are the other functions of using question forms apart from asking for information? • It serves as a lubricant to move the conversation forward. Such a question can be called a "social question".
2013-5-28
Unit4-01
7
Warm Up
• • • • • • 2. A: I am sorry. Foreigner: I am sorry, too. A: I am sorry three. Foreigner: What are you sorry for (four)? A: I am sorry five.