英语语法术语解释 精品
英语语法术语解释

英语语法术语解释及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,字典里词后标有vt.不及物动词后面不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。
若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
及物动词可直接跟宾语。
字典里词后标有vi.系动词亦称连系动词, 不能独立存在,后面必须跟表语一起构成复合谓语,表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等。
常见类型归纳:be动词(am,is,are),感官动词(feel,look,smell,sound,taste,seem),“变得”词(get,become,turn,grow),“保持”(keep,stay)。
助动词协助主要动词构成谓语的词,用来构成时态和语态。
助动词具有语法意义,没有词汇意义,不可单独作谓语,没有对应的汉译,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(does是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)最常用的助动词有:be, have, has, do, does, shall, did, will,should, would等,助动词可构成疑问句和否定句,构成否定句时与否定副词not连用情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。
情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
主要有:can(could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall(should), will (would) must not.动词过去式表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,有规测或不规则的变化。
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),分词是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词,分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式过去分词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了。
英语语法大全(精心整理)

目录1.名词 ............................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1.1名词复数的规则变化 (5)1.2其他名词复数的规则变化 (5)1.3名词复数的不规则变化 (6)1.4不可数名词量的表示 (6)1.5定语名词的复数 (7)1.6不同国家的人的单复数 (7)1.7名词的格 (7)2.冠词和数词 (8)2.1不定冠词的用法 (8)2.2定冠词的用法 (8)2.3零冠词的用法 (9)2.4冠词与形容词+名词结构 (9)2.5冠词位置 (9)2.6数词 (10)3.代词 (10)3.1人称代词的用法 (12)3.2人称代词之主、宾格的替换 (12)3.3代词的指代问题 (13)3.4并列人称代词的排列顺序 (13)3.5物主代词 (13)3.6双重所有格 (14)3.7反身代词 (14)3.8相互代词 (14)3.9指示代词 (15)3.10疑问代词 (16)3.11关系代词 (17)3.12every , no, all, both, neither, nor (17)3.13none, few, some, any, one, ones (18)3.14代词比较辩异one,that 和it (19)3.15one/another/the other (19)3.16“the”的妙用 (19)3.17anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each (19)3.18both, either, neither, all, any, none (20)3.19many, much (20)4.形容词和副词 (21)4.1形容词及其用法 (21)4.2以-ly结尾的形容词 (21)4.3用形容词表示类别和整体 (21)4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 (22)4.5副词及其基本用法 (22)4.6兼有两种形式的副词 (23)4.7形容词与副词的比较级 (23)4.8as + 形容词或副词原级+ as (24)4.9比较级形容词或副词+ than (24)4.10可修饰比较级的词 (25)4.11many,old 和far (25)4.12the + 最高级+ 比较范围 (25)4.13和more有关的词组 (26)5.1系动词 (27)5.2什么是助动词 (28)5.3助动词be的用法 (28)5.4助动词have的用法 (29)5.6助动词shall和will的用法 (30)5.7助动词should和would的用法 (30)5.8短语动词 (30)6.动名词 (31)6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语 (31)7动词不定式 (32)7.1不定式作宾语 (32)7.2不定式作补语 (32)7.3不定式主语 (33)7.4It's for sb.和It's of sb. (34)7.5不定式作表语 (34)7.6不定式作定语 (34)7.7不定式作状语 (34)7.8用作介词的to (34)7.9省to 的动词不定式 (35)7.10动词不定式的否定式 (35)7.11不定式的特殊句型too...to (36)7.13不定式的特殊句型Why not (36)8.特殊词精讲 (37)8.1stop doing/to do (37)8.2forget doing/to do (37)8.3remember doing/to do (37)8.4regret doing/to do (37)8.6try doing/to do (38)8.7go on doing/to do (38)8.8be afraid doing/to do (38)8.9be interested doing/to do (38)8.10mean to doing/to do (39)8.11begin (start)doing/to do (39)8.12感官动词+ doing/to do (39)9.分词 (39)9.1分词作定语 (39)9.4分词作补语 (41)9.5分词作表语 (41)9.6分词作插入语 (41)9.7分词的时态 (41)10.独立主格 (42)10.1独立主格 (42)10.2With的复合结构 (42)11.动词的时态 (43)11.1一般现在时的用法 (43)11.3used to / be used to (44)11.4一般将来时 (44)11.5be going to / will (45)11.6be to和be going to (45)11.7一般现在时表将来 (45)11.8用现在进行时表示将来 (45)11.11用于现在完成时的句型 (46)11.12比较since和for (47)11.14延续动词与瞬间动词 (47)11.17将来完成时 (48)11.26一般现在时代替进行时 (50)11.27现在进行时代替将来时 (51)11.28时态一致 (51)1.29时态与时间状语 (51)12.动词的语态 (51)12.1Let的用法 (51)12.2短语动词的被动语态 (52)12.3表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组 (52)13.句子的种类 (53)13.1句子的种类 (54)13.4用助动词进行强调 (56)14.倒装 (58)14.1倒装句之全部倒装 (58)14.2倒装句之部分倒装 (58)14.4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 (59)14.5only在句首要倒装的情况 (59)14.6as, though 引导的倒装句 (59)14.7其他部分倒装 (60)15.主谓一致 (60)15.1并列结构作主语谓语用复数 (60)15.6与后接名词或代词保持一致 (61)16.虚拟语气 (61)16.1真是条件句 (62)16.2非真实条件句 (62)16.4虚拟条件句的倒装 (63)16.7比较if only与only if (64)16.8It is (high) time that (64)17.名词性从句 (64)17.1引导名词性从句的连接词 (65)17.2名词性that-从句 (65)17.3名词性wh-从句 (66)18.定语从句 (67)18.1关系代词引导的定语从句 (67)18.2关系副词引导的定语从句 (68)18.9关系代词that 的用法 (70)19.状语从句 (70)19.1地点状语从句 (70)19.2方式状语从句 (70)19.3原因状语从句 (71)19.4目的状语从句 (71)19.5结果状语从句 (71)19.6条件状语从句 (72)19.7让步状语从句 (72)19.8比较while, when, as (73)19.9比较until和till (73)19.10表示"一...就..."的结构 . (73)20.1并列连词与并列结构 (74)20.2比较and和or (74)20.3表示选择的并列结构 (75)20.4表示转折或对比 (75)20.5表原因关系 (75)20.6比较so和such (76)21.情态动词 (76)21.1情态动词的语法特征 (76)21.3比较may和might (76)21.4比较have to和must (77)21.5must表示推测 (77)21.6表示推测的用法 (77)21.7情态动词+ have +过去分词 (78)21.8should 和ought to (78)21.9had better表示"最好" (78)21.10would rather表示"宁愿" (79)21.14比较need和dare (80)22介词 (80)22.1介词的句法功能 (80)22.2主要介词区别 (80)1.名词名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
英语全部语法标注解释

语法标注解释[A] 指该形容词须直接置于所修饰的单词之后。
例:( 正) the president {elect}( 误) the elect president( 误) The president is elect.[B] 指该形容词只能置于所修饰的单词之前。
例:( 正) the {front} garden( 误) The garden is front.[C] 可数名词。
可以用a/an/one修饰,亦可加-(e)s构成复数,用few/many等修饰。
例:{a/one}cat {a}desire {an}applethree book{s} few factori{es} many idea{s}[E] 通常不加the的名词。
例:WhitehallSanta Claus[F] 指该形容词只用作或主要用作表语(predicative),置于系动词之后。
例:( 正) John is {drunk}( 误) John is a drunk man.[G] 指后接单、复数动词均可的名词,如集合名词。
例:The Government {has} already made it clear.The Government {are} facing three crises.注:集合名词单数形后接动词,美式英语多用单数,英式英语则单、复数皆可。
[H] 指该动词常用被动语态。
例:Please be seated.[J] 指只与单数动词或单数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是单数亦可是复数)。
例:Our clothing {protects} us from the cold.Physics {is} an interesting subject and I like {it} very much.[K] 指只与复数动词或复数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是复数亦可单数)。
例:What {are} his wages?{These} jeans {are} pretty.All his cattle {were} grazing in the field.[L] 系动词(linking verb)。
语法术语中英文

语法术语中英文1. Noun (名词)countable uncountable (可数名词、不可数名词)Number of N (名词的数)Irregular plurals (不规那么复数)Genitive case of N (名词的所有格)Double genitive (双重所有格)2.Pronoun (代词)Personal pronoun (人称代词)Possessive pronoun (物主代词)Reflexive pronoun (反身代词)Interrogative pronoun (疑问代词)Indefinite pronoun (不定代词)3.Numeral (数次)Cardinal 、ordinal numbers (基数词、序数词)Percentage (百分数)Fraction (分数)Decimal (小数)Multiple (倍数)4.Determiner (限定词)Definite, indefinite, zero articles (定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词)Quantifiers (数量词)5.Preposition (介词)6.Adjective (形容词)Attributive 定语Predicative 表语Adverb clause equivalent 副词性从句7. Adverb (副词)Modifier of Adj / Adv / Prep-phrase / N-Phrase / Adverb-clause (形容词、副词、介词短语、副词性从句的修饰语)The comparative and superlative degrees of Adj / Adv (形容词和副词的比较级和最高级)9. Verb classes (动词)Transitive and intransitive verbs(及物动词和不及物动词)Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries(助动词和情态动词)Semi-auxiliaries (半助动词)Phrasal verbs (短语动词)10. Tense (时态)Simple present, past, future and with modals (一样此刻时,一样过去时,一样以后时和情态助动词加动词)Present and past progressive(此刻进行时和过去进行时)Future progressive and with modals(以后进行时和情态动词加进行时)Present and past perfect(此刻完成时和过去完成时)Future perfect and with modals (以后完成时和情态动词加完成时)Present perfect progressive(此刻完成进行时)Past perfect progressive (过去完成进行时)voice (被动语态)Passive voice in simple tense(被动语态的一样时态)Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses (被动语态的完成和进行时态)Passive voice of phrasal verbs (短语动词的被动语态)12.Subjunctive mood (虚拟语气)13.To V (Infinitive 动词不定式)as subject, object and complement (用作主语,宾语和补足语)Indicating purpose / result (表示目的和结果)Modifying adjective (修饰形容词)as post modifier in a noun phrase (后位修饰名词)to be + V-ed2, to have + V-ed2, to be + V-ing (不定式的被动式,完成式和进行式)14.V-ing (Gerund 动名词)object, subject and predicative (宾语, 主语和表语)N / Pronouns or their possessive + V-ing as subject and object (名词/ 代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语)Prep + N / Pronouns or their possessive + V-ing (介词加名词/代词或其所有格加动名词)being + V-ed2, having + V-ed2, having been + V-ed2 as a noun equivale nt (动名词的被动式,完成式和完成被动式起名词作用)15pre-modifier and post modifier in a noun phrase 此刻分词和过去分词)as complement (补足语)as an adverb clause equivalen t(作状语)When / while, etc. + V-ing / V-ed2 (When / While 等加此刻分词或过去分词)(with) N + V-ing / V-ed2 ( [ with ] 名词加此刻分词或过去分词)Dangling V-ing as adverb clause equivalen t(无归属此刻分词作状语)being + V-ed2, having + V-ed2, having been + V-ed2 as an adverb or adjective clause equivalen t(此刻分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语)16. Basic sentence patterns and sentence elements (大体句型和句子成份)Pattern 1: S + VPattern 2: S + V + CsPattern 3: S + V + OPattern 4: S + V + Oi + OdPattern 5: S + V + Od + Co17. Interrogative form (疑问形式)Negative form (否定形式)Passive form (被动形式)relative clause (定语从句)Restrictive and non-restrictive (限制Pare nt hesis (插入语)Omission (省略)Omission through coordination (并列结构中的省略)Negation (否定)Total negation (全数否定)Partial negation (部份否定)Double negation (双重否定)Transferred negation (转移否定)性和非限制性定语从句)Appositive clause (同位语从句)Noun phrase appositive to clause(名词短语作句子的同位语)Clause of time and space(时刻从句和地址从句)Clauses of condition, concession and con tras t (条件从句、妥协从句和对照从句)Clauses of cause, result and purpose(缘故从句、结果从句和目的从句)Clauses of manner and comparison(方式从句和比较从句)Clauses of proportion and other types(比例从句和其它从句)3rd person pronouns, and plurals of the 1st and 2nd person pronouns (第三人称代词,第一、二人称代词的复数)indefinite pronouns (不定代词)(+ of + N / Pron)Subjec t-verb inversion(主语与谓语倒装)朗文高级英语语法》第一章动词时态概述(Overview Of Verb Tenses)1- 1 一样时态(The Simple Tenses)1- 2 进行时态(The ProgressiveTenses)31- 3 完成时态(The Perfect Tenses)1- 4 完成进行时态(The PerfectProgressive Tenses)1-5 时态用法总结(Summary Chart ofVerb Tenses)1- 6 -ing 和-ed 形式的拼写(Spelling of -ing and -ed Forms)第二章一样此刻时,一样过去时,此刻进行时和过去进行时(Present And Past,Simple And Progressive)2- 1 一样此刻时(Simple Present) 2- 2 此刻进行时(Present Progressive)2- 3 静态动词( Stative Verbs)2-5 规那么动词和不规那么动词(Regular and Irregular Verbs)2-6 规那么动词:-ed的发音(RegularVerbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings)2-7 不规那么动词表(Irregular Verbs: an Alphabetical List)2-8 易混淆的动词:raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie (Troublesome Verbs: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie)2-9 一样过去时(Simple Past)2-10 过去进行时(Past Progressive)2-11进行时态与always连用表示抱怨(Using Progressive Verbs with always to Complain)2-12 进行时态中地址状语的用法(Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs) being + Adjective)3- 1 此刻完成时(Present Perfect)2-4 am/is/are being+形容词(am/is/are第三章完成时和完成进行时(Perfect And Perfect Progressive Tenses)3- 2 此刻完成进行时(Present Perfect Progressive) 3- 3 过去完成时(Past Perfect)3- 4 过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Progressive)第四章以后时(Future Time)4- 1 一样以后时:will 和be going to (Simple Future: will and be going to)4- 2 will 与be going to 的比较(will vs. be going to)4- 3 历时刻状语从句表示以后(Expressing the Future in Time Clauses)4-4 用一样此刻时和此刻进行时表示以后(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time)4- 5 以后进行时(Future Progressive)4- 6 以后完成时(Future Perfect)4-7 以后完成进行时(Future Perfect Progressive)第五章时刻状语从句和时态的温习(Adverb Clauses Of Time And Review Of Verb Tenses)5- 1 时刻状语从句:形式(Adverb Clauses of Time: Form)5- 2 历时刻状语从句表示时刻关系(Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships)第六章主谓一致(Subject-verbAgreement)6-1以-s或-es结尾的词:用法、发音和拼写(Final -s/-es: Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling)6-2 大体的主谓一致问题(BasicSubject-verb Agreement)6-3 主谓一致:表达数量(Subject-verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity)6-4 主谓一致:there be的用法(Subject-verb Agreement: Using there + be)6- 5 主谓一致:不规那么用法(Subject-verb Agreement: Some Irregularities)第七章名词(Nouns)7- 1 名词复数形式的规那么和不规那么转变(Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns)7- 2 所有格(Possessive Nouns)1037- 3 名词作修饰语(Using Nouns as Modifiers)7-4 可数名词和不可数名词(Count andNoncount Nouns)7- 5 不可数名词(Noncount Nouns)7- 6 常见不可数名词(Some Common Noncount Nouns)7-7 冠词的大体用法(Basic ArticleUsage)7-8 冠词用法的大体原那么(General Guidelines for Article Usage)7-9 数量的表达(Expressions of Quantity)7-10 a few 和few, a little 和little 的用法(Using a few and few; a little and little)7-11 带of 的数量表达(Using of in Expressions of Quantity)7-12 all (of)和both (of)〔All (of) and both (of) 7-13 单数的数量表达:one, each, every (Singular Expressions of Quantity: one, each, every)第八章代词(Pronouns)8- 1 人称代词(Personal Pronouns)8- 2 人称代词:与类属名词、不定代词的一致性(Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns)8-3 人称代词:与集合名词的一致性(Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns)8- 4 反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)8-5 you, one 和they 用作非人称代词(Using you, one, and they as Impersonal Pronouns)8- 6 other 的形式(Forms of other)8-7 other 的常见表达(CommonExpressions with other)第九章情态动词(一) (Modals, Part 1)9- 1 概述(Introduction)9-2 I作主语的礼貌请求(PoliteQuestions with I as the Subject)9-3 you 作主语的礼貌请求(PoliteQuestions with you as the Subject)9- 4 would you mind 用作礼貌请求(Polite Requests with would you mind)9- 5 表示必需:must, have to, have got to (Expressing Necessity: must, have to, have got to)9-6 没必要要和禁止:have to和must的否定形式(Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: have to and must in the Negative)9-7 忠告:should, ought to, had better (Advisability: should, ought to, had better)9-8 should 的过去式(The Past Form of should)9-9 期望:be supposed to (Expec tatio ns: be supposed to)9-10 提议:let's, why don't, shall I/we(Making Suggestions: let's, why don't, shall I/we)9-11 提议:could与should的比较(Making Suggestions: could vs. should) 第十章情态动词(二) (Modals, Part 2)10- 1 表示确信程度:此刻时(Degrees of Certainty: Present Time)10-2 表示确信程度:此刻时的否定形式(Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative)10-3 表示确信程度:过去时(Degrees of Certainty: Past Time)10-4 表示确信程度:以后时(Degrees of Certainty: Future Time)10-5 情态动词的进行式(Progressive Forms of Modals)10-6 表示能力:can 和could (Ability:can and could)10-7 would 表示过去重复性的动作(Using would to Express a RepeatedAction in the Past)10-8 表示偏向: would rather(Expressing Preference: would rather)10-9 情态动词和短语情态动词的结合(Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals)10-10 情态动词和类似表达的总结表(Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions)第十一章被动语态(The Passive)11-1 被动语态的组成(Forming the Passive)11-2 被动语态的用法(Using thePassive)11-3 间接宾语用作被动语态的主语(Indirect Objects Used as Passive Subjects)11-4 情态动词与短语情态动词的被动语态(The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals)11-5 静态被动语态(Stative Passive)11-6 常见静态被动语态动词 + 介词(Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions)11-7 get 与被动语态(The Passive with get) 11-8 分词形容词(Participial Adjectives)第十二章名词性从句(Noun Clauses)12-1 概述(Introduction)12-2 以疑问词开头的名词性从句(Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word)12-3以whether或if开头的名词性从句(Noun Clauses Beginning with whether or if)12-4疑问词后接不定式(Ques tion Words Followed by Infinitives)12-5 以that 开头的名词性从句(NounClauses Beginning with that)12-6 直接引语(Quoted Speech)12-7 间接引语:名词性从句中动词的形式(Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses)12-8 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(Using the Subjunctive in Noun Clauses)12-9 带有-ever的辞汇的用法(Using -ever Words)第十三章定语从句(Adjective Clauses)13- 1 概述(Introduction)13-2 定语从句的关系代词作主语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject)13-3 定语从句的关系代词作动词的宾语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb)13-4 定语从句的关系代词作介词的宾语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition)13-5 定语从句的经常使用句型(UsualPatterns of Adjective Clauses)13-6 whose 的用法(Using whose)13-7定语从句中where的用法(Using where in Adjective Clauses)13-8 定语从句中when的用法(Using when in Adjective Clauses)13-9 定语从句修饰代词的用法(Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns)13-10 定语从句中标点符号的利用(Punctuating Adjective Clauses) 13-11 定语从句中数量的表示方式(Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses)13-12 名词+of which 的用法(U sing Noun + of which)28613-13 which修饰整个句子的用法(Using which to Modify a Whole Sentence)28613-14 将定语从句简化为形容词短语:概述(Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Introduction)13-15 将定语从句转变成形容词短语(Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase)第十四章动名词和不定式(一) (GerundsAnd Infinitives, Part 1)14- 1 动名词:概述(Gerunds: Introduction)14-2 动名词作介词的宾语(Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions)14-3 后面接动名词的常见介词短语(Common Preposition CombinationsFollowed by Gerunds)14-4 后面接动名词的常见动词(CommonVerbs Followed by Gerunds)14-5 go+动名词(go + Gerund)14-6后面接动词-ing形式的固定搭配(Special Expressions Followed by -ing)14-7 后面接不定式的常见动词(CommonVerbs Followed by Infinitives)14-8 后面既可接不定式又可接动名词的常见动词(Common Verbs Followed by either Infinitives or Gerunds)14-9 后面接动名词的动词列表(Reference List of Verbs Followed byGerunds) 14-10 后面接不定式的动词列表(Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives)14-11 it +不定式;动名词和不定式作主语(it + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects) And Infinitives, Part 2)15-1 表示目的的不定式:in order to (Infinitive of Purpose: in order to)15-2 后面接不定式的形容词(Adjectives Followed by Infinitives)15-3 不定式与too和enough连用(Using Infinitives with too and enough)15-4 不定式和动名词的被动语态和完成式(Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds)15-5 need 后接动名词或不定式的被动语态形式(Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following need)15-6 所有格修饰动名词(Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund)15-7 感官动词的用法(Using Verbs of Perception)15-8 let和help后接动词原形(Using the Simple Form after let and help)15-9 使役动词的用法:make, have, get(Using Causative Verbs: make, have, get)第十五章动名词和不定式(二) (Gerunds第十六章并列连词(Coordinating16-1 平行结构(Parallel Structure)16-2 成对连词:both・・・and; not only… but also; either … or; neither … nor (Using Paired Conjunctions: both . . . and; not only . . . but also; either . . . or; neither . . . nor)16- 3 用并列连词连接独立分句(Combining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions)第十七章状语从句(Adverb Clauses)17- 1 概述(In troduc tion)17-2 缘故状语从句(Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect)17-3表达对照(意外的结果):even though 的用法〔Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using even though〕17-4 表达直接对照:while和whereas (Showing Direct Contrast: while and whereas)17-5条件状语从句:if从句(Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: 17-6 条件状语从句:whether or not和even if 的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using whether or not and even if)17-7 条件状语从句:in case和in the event that 的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using in case and in the event that)17-8 条件状语从句:unless的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using unless)17-9 条件状语从句:only if的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using only if)第十八章将状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(Reduction Of Adverb Clauses To Modifying Adverbial Phrases)18- 1 概述(In troduc tion)18-2 将时刻状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases)18-3 用修饰性的副词短语表达“与此同时”的概念(Expressing the Idea of “During the Same Time” in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)18-4 用修饰性的副词短语表示因果关系(Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)18-5 在修饰性的副词短语中利用“upon + -ing” (Using upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)第十九章表示因果、对照和条件关系的关联词(Connectives That Express Cause And Effect, Contrast, And Condition)19-1 because of 和due to 的用法(Using because of and due to)19-2用过渡词表示因果关系:therefore 和consequently (Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: therefore and consequently)19-3 句型和标点符号小结(Summary ofPatterns and Punctuation)19-4其它表示因果关系的方式:such… that 和so …that (Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: such . . . that and so . . . that)19-5 表示目的:so that的用法(Expressing Purpose: Using so that)19-6 表示对照(意料之外的结果) 〔Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)〕19-7 表示直接对照(Showing Direct Contrast)19-8 表示条件:otherwise 和or (else) 的用法〔Expressing Conditions: Using otherwise and or (else)〕19-9 关联词小结:因果、对照和条件关系(Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition)第二十章条件句和表达愿望的方式(Conditional Sentences And Wishes)20- 1 条件句中一样动词形式概述(Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences)20-2 此刻和以后的真实条件句(True in the Present or Future)20-3 此刻和以后的非真实条件句(与事实相反)〔Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future〕20-4 过去的非真实条件句 (与事实相反) 〔Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past〕20-5 在条件句中利用动词的进行时形式(Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences)20-6条件句中“混合时刻”的用法(Using“ Mixed Time ” in ConditionalSentences)42420-7 if 的省略(Omitting if)20-8 暗含的条件(Implied Cond it ions)20-9 as if / as though 的用法(Using as if/as though) 20-10 wish后面的动词形式(Verb Forms Following wish)20-11 用would 表达关于以后的希望(Using would to Make Wishes about the Future)434and Objects)A-2 介词和介词短语(Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases) A-3 形容词(Adjectives)A-4 副词(Adverbs)A-5 be 动词(The Verb be)A-6 系动词(Linking Verbs)B单元:疑问句(Questions)B-1 一样疑问句和特殊疑问句的形式(Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions)B-2 疑问词(Ques tion Words)B-3 简化的一样疑问句(Shortened Yes/No Questions)B-4 否定疑问句(Negative Questions) B-5 反意疑问句(Tag Questions)附录增补语法单元(Supplementary Grammar Units)A 单元:大体语法术语(Basic GrammarTerminology)C 单元:缩写(Contractions) D单元:否定句(Negatives)D-1 not与其它否定词的用法(Using not and Other Negative Words)A-1 主语、动词和宾语(Subjects, Verbs,D-2 幸免“重复两次否定” (Avoiding Double Negatives)D-3 以否定词开头的句子(Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word)E 单元:介词搭配(Preposition Combinations)E 形容词和动词的介词搭配(Preposition Combinations withAdjectives and Verbs)F 单元:用来举例和延续观点的关联词(Connectives To Give Examples And To Continue An Idea)F-1 用来举例的关联词(Connectives to Give Examples)F-2 用来延续观点的关联词(Connectives to Continue the Same Idea)G 单元:动词形式的回忆练习(Verb Form Review Exercises)。
英语语法表解(经典)

表解英语语法一.名词I. 名词的种类:II. 名词的数:1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:III. 名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成:2. ’s所有格的用法:3. of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词a, an,定冠词the,和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法:II. 定冠词的用法:III. 零冠词的用法:三.代词:I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:II. 不定代词用法注意点:1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
4) some和数词连用表示大约,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
2. each和every:each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no:no等于not any,作定语。
英语语法大全:英语语法词汇释义

英语语法大全:英语语法词汇释义Active voice 主动语态语态(Voice)Adjective 形容词字面的意思是表示“形状”的词。
(“形”或“容”也是“形状”的意思。
)从语法上讲,是修饰名(玛丽是美国小姐,她的个子很高。
)Adverb 副词附加于(修饰)动词、形容词、其他副词等的词。
(一个极大的人走上楼来。
)Antecedent 先行词在关系词前面的词。
This is the hat that I bought yesterday.先行词关系代词that 代表它前面的the hat,同时又连接了This is the hat.和Ibought yesterday.两部分。
(这是我昨天买的那顶帽子)Antedant circumstances 附带状况伴随行为,指同时实行两种行为时,附属(=附带)于主要行为的行为。
He stood with his hands in his pockets./He stood,hands in pockets.(他把双手放在衣袋中站着。
)主要行为是He stood,与此同时产生的伴随行为是with his handsin his pockets/hands in pockets(双手放在衣袋中)。
Article 冠词加在名词前的词。
在英语中有a,an, the 三个词。
又因a 和an 泛指一般的普通名词,称之为不定冠词;the 则指一特定的名词,称之为定冠词。
Attributive use 限定用法形容词的用法之一,即放在名词或代词之前,直接修饰名词或代词。
相对将形容词置于谓语部分的叙述用法(Predicative use)来说。
例如,“a good dictionary”是限定用法,而“The dictionary is good.”是叙述用法。
关于关系词的用法,有时也指限定用法。
Auxiliary verb 助动词从意思上是指辅助实义动词,以表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等的单词。
英语语法术语 附讲解

Grammatical Terms
Noun Phrase 名词词组(以名词为中心词) eg. the tall boy sitting in the corner Verb Phrase 动词词组(以主动词为中心词) Simple Verb Phrase eg. It gets dark. Complex Verb Phrase (有助动词的动词词组) eg. It is getting dark.
Grammatical Terms
Sentence group 句群 Look at John. He is doing the work his teacher assigned yesterday. He feels a little annoyed at the hard job. But he has to do it. Sentence John is doing the work his teacher assigned yesterday. Clause John is doing the work. that his teacher assigned yesterday. Phrase the work his teacher assigned yesterday. Word John is doing the work his teacher assigned yesterday Morpheme John is do+ing the work his teach+er as+sign+ed yesterday
Grammatical Terms
与Closed Class相对应,有些词类的词数量或者义项不断增加或减少, 此这些词类整体是动态变化的,被称为Open Class 开放词类 。属 于开放词类的都是Content Word 实义词,因为这些词类是对人、物、 行为、性质状态的描写,而这些词有着实际的指向意义。 Noun 名词 Main Verb 主动词 Finite Verb 限定动词(受主语和时态限制,充当主句谓语) Non-finite Verb 非限定动词(-ed, doing, to do及其各种变形, 表示行为状态,可以具有动词性、限定性和名词性。充当独立主格 的谓语动词,名词的后置限定,单独使用的表示已经发生、正在发 生或者将要发生的行为的名词性结构) Adjective形容词 Adverb副词 adverbial 状语
英语语法术语大全

英语语法术语大全以下是一些常见的英语语法术语大全:1. Noun(名词):表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的词。
2. Pronoun(代词):用来替代名词的词。
3. Verb(动词):表示动作、状态或存在的词。
4. Adjective(形容词):修饰名词或代词,描述其性质或特征的词。
5. Adverb(副词):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等的词。
6. Preposition(介词):用于表示名词与其他词之间的关系的词。
7. Conjunction(连词):连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。
8. Article(冠词):用于限定名词的词,包括定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)。
9. Determiner(限定词):用于限定名词或确定名词所指的词,如this, that, these, those等。
10. Subject(主语):句子中执行动作或被描述的名词或代词。
11. Predicate(谓语):句子中描述主语的动词或动词短语。
12. Object(宾语):接受动作的名词或代词。
13. Direct Object(直接宾语):直接接受动作的名词或代词。
14. Indirect Object(间接宾语):表示间接受益者或接收者的名词或代词。
15. Clause(从句):包含主语和谓语的句子部分。
16. Phrase(短语):由词组成的没有主谓关系的句子部分。
17. Compound Sentence(并列句):由两个或多个独立的句子通过连词连接起来。
18. Complex Sentence(复合句):包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。
19. Passive Voice(被动语态):表达动作的承受者在句子中作为主语的结构。
20. Active Voice(主动语态):表达动作执行者在句子中作为主语的结构。
这里只是列举了一些常见的英语语法术语,还有许多其他的术语可以在学习英语语法过程中逐渐了解和掌握。
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英语语法术语解释In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence. (TEM4, 2009)A. the subjectB. the adverbialC. the object √D. the complement Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (TEM4, 2010)The directors appointed John manager. √I gave Mary a Christmas present.You have done Peter a favor.She is teaching children English.In the sentence “It’s no use waiting for her”, the italicized phrase is . (TEM4, 2010) A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject √有关语法的很多题目,直接通过分析句子结构和成分就可以判断出选项,或者排除很多干扰项,比如这个句子是否缺少成分,缺少什么成分,哪些选项能作这个成分。
掌握好了句子结构,写作时就不会写出不合语法的句子了。
一、英语基本句型:英语句子以动词为中心,动词按其结构主要分为联系动词,及物动词,不及物动词,根据这三类动词可熟练掌握英语句型结构及语法成分。
系动词link verb基本句型:Subject + Link Verb + Complement 即主+动+补该动词分为四类1)Be 型:be, am, is, are, was, were, been,2)变化型:turn, become, get, grow3)感官型:feel, sound, smell, look, taste,4)似乎型:seem, appear,此句型中系动词所带的补语,叫主语补语,即补充说明主语的,通常为名词短语(noun phrase),形容词短语(adjective phrase)。
Be 型结构还可带介词短语(preposition phrase), 副词短语(adverb phrase), 代词(pronoun), 名词从句(noun clause)等等。
Examples:The man is a teacher. Dinner is at six o'clock.He looks fine. It sounds better.It seems true.及物动词transitive verb基本句型:Subject + Transitive Verb + Object1 主+动+宾Subject + Transitive Verb + Object1 + Object2 主+动+宾(间接)+宾(直接)Subject + Transitive Verb + Object + Complement 主+动+宾+补第三类中的补语为宾语补语,即补充说明宾语的,除了名词,形容词,还有介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词等。
Examples:We made him our spokesman. They elected him president.I consider the problem fairly easy. The parents leave their son alone at home.She saw a boy kicking her dog.不及物动词intransitive verb基本句型Subject + Intransitive Verb 主+动Examples:Iron rusts.Everyone laughed.由此,基本句型可概括如下:1. S + Vl + C2. S + Vt + O3. S + Vt + O1 + O24. S + Vt + O + C5. S + V还可增加两类SVOA, SV A,是在及物动词和不及物动词上演化而来的。
Subject + Transitive Verb + Object + Adverbial 主+动+宾+状I put the material evidence in front of him.He treated her cruelly.Subject + Intransitive Verb + Adverbial主+动+状I live in Beijing.The train leaves at six.He will be flying to Shanghai.因此,按照动词的结构来分,可为三类,或细分可为七类。
SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA, SV, SV A.再复杂的句子,其骨架也是这其中之一。
因此,掌握好句子结构,就能判断句子合不合语法。
二、英语句法的成分:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同主语(subject):名词短语NP (noun phrase)谓语(predicate):动词短语VP (verb phrase)定语(attribute):形容词短语AP (adjective phrase)状语(adverbial):副词短语AdP (adverb phrase),介词短语PP (preposition phrase)补语(complement):名词短语NP,形容词短语AP,介词短语PP表语(predicative):名词短语NP,形容词短语AP,介词短语PP,副词短语AdP同位语(appositive): 名词或名词性从句主语主语就是要表达的对象,它是名词性的,包括名词、名词短语NP (noun phrase),名词从句(主语从句),代词,或相当于名词的词,如动名词(gerund),不定式短语(infinitive)。
谓语谓语是说明主语的状态或动作的,它是动词性的,有时态标记,有数、人称的一致性的,由动词短语VP (verb phrase)构成。
宾语宾语包括动词宾语和介词宾语,宾语一定是名词性的或相当于名词的词,如动名词,名词从句(宾语从句)、代词。
定语定语是修饰名词和代词的,它是形容词性的,包括形容词、形容词短语、形容词从句,或起修饰作用的名词和介词短语。
状语状语是修饰动词、形容词、介词短语以及整个句子的,有时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语、条件状语等等,它是副词性的,包括副词、副词短语,副词从句(状语从句),介词短语。
补语补语包括主语补语和宾语补语,是补充说明名词和代词的。
上面基本句型结构中有介绍。
其中宾语补语用得最多,以下结构中,红字为宾补。
make (let, have, get) + sb/sth + do / doing,Observe (see, hear, watch) + sb/sth + do / doing表语表语和系动词结合共同构成谓语,系动词后面跟的介词短语,形容词短语,名词短语就是表语,跟的从句即为表语从句。
同位语同位语是对名词内容的解释和说明,同位语和前面的名词是并列关系,同位语本身不缺少任何成分。
三、从属和并列1.标点符号在判断句子成分中的作用逗号不能用来连接句子。
英语句子分为简单句,并列句,复合句。
使用逗号的地方表明这只是句子的一个部分,要么是并列,要么是从属。
通过这一点也能排除很多干扰项。
并列的关键是弄清楚什么跟什么并列,词语与词语,还是句子与句子,并列的成分一定要对等,要相匹配。
2.从属分为显性从属和隐性从属显性从属,就是明确地把从属连词使用出来的;隐性从属就是省掉了从属连词的,比如分词结构(Participle construction), ing, ed; 不定式(infinitive)to do, do; 独立主格(absolute construction);分词结构中,动词ing表明是主动或进行,动词ed表明是被动或完成,二者都表示其逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的,且与句子的时态是一致的。
分词中含有having done 或者having been done, 这说明分词的动作一定发生在主句之前。
分词结构中,Being done 与done, 都可表被动,但前者特别表示动作正在发生;done 与having done, 都可表完成,但后者特别表示动作发生在主句之前。
独立主格:含有独立主格的句子, 其结构如下:Subject 1 + predicate (完整的句子),subject 2 + Ving / Ved / to do / PP / NP/AP/AdP.独立主格不是一个完整的句子结构,它一定是依附于一个完整的句子结构的,它的主语与句子的主语不同,不存在逻辑上的一致关系,这是它与分词结构的最明显的区别。
其次,独立主格结构只看其主语与非谓语的逻辑关系,非谓语主要有五种形态,含动词分词和不定式,介词短语,名词短语,形容词短语以及副词短语,可以把这些短语看作是对独立主格中名词的补语。
分词结构中,主动或进行用ing, 被动或完成用ed,特别强调动作的先后,用having done, 特别强调被动的进行,用being done. Examples:独立主格中是动词短语的:1、There being nothing else to do(独立主格), they have gone away(完整的句子结构).2、No word spoken, he picked up the paper.3、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.独立主格中是介词短语的:Miss Wang come into the classroom(完整的句子结构), books in hand(独立主格).当其中的介词是in时,其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.2.We walked out, one behind the other.3.He was waiting, his eyes on her back.4.The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks.独立主格中是形容词短语的:The old man sat in his chair(一个完整的句子结构), his eyes closed(独立主格).He entered the room, his face pale.He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.独立主格中是副词短语的:1.Class over(独立主格), we began to play basketball(完整的句子结构).2.The lights off, we could not go on with the work.3.She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter.独立主格中是名词短语的:His first shot failure(独立主格),he fired again(完整的句子结构).Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.His book now a bestseller, he felt pleased with the world.1.The physicist has made a discovery, ___ of great importance to the progress of science and technology. (TEM4, 1997)A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is因为前面是一个完整的句子,逗号说明后半部分只能是从属,由此排除A,B,而答案D 含有多余的成分it,因此选项是C。