初中英语语法上海中考虚拟语气

上海中考英语语法拓展：虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的条件句形式英语的动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用在条件或让步状语从句中，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等,；一是在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议。

条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。

真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，用陈述语气。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气在条件句中：1，与过去相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+had done主句：主语＋should, would, might, could + have doneShe would have gone to the party if she had been invited.2, 与现在事实相反的假设: 条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用were主句：主语+should, would, might, could do3，与将来相反的假设：条件句： If+主语+did, 动词be用wereIf+主语+were to do；If+主语+should do主句：主语+should, would, might, could do, If it should fail, I would try again.4. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。

主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句或错综时间条件句。

If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.Even though it hadn’t rained, we can’t get there by tomorrow. 条件虚拟主句真实。

二、虚拟语气that + 主语+ (should) do结构下列情形下that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should do，should可以省略。

表过去用should have done.1，主语从句：1）在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．It's strange that he should say so.这类的形容词还有possible, probable, urgent等。

2)在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required加that句型中，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。

It is demanded that we should work out a plan.It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．3)在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder/ suggestion/ surprise that…..句型中，表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。

It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good c hance. 也可用陈述语气，2，宾语从句: 在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，作为suggest, request, demand, ask, arrange等动词的宾语。

suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。

The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.The doctor suggested that he not go there．I insisted that he was right. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.3，表语从句和同位语从句：在suggestion / order / plan / advice / idea / request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中。

My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. （同位语）三、虚拟语气的其他用法1，在It is (high / about ) time that…从句中，谓语动词did或should do，should不能省略．It’s high time we went to the laboratory. It is time we left（should leave）. 2，wish的宾语从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。

Wish的宾语从句的谓语动词用did表现在，用could（would，might）do表将来；用had done或could（would，might）have done表过去。

I wish I were a bird.I wish you would stay a little longer.I wish you had called yesterday．3，would rather从句，表示宁愿、但愿之意。

用did表现在和将来，用had done 表过去。

I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.如后非从句，用do表现在和将来，用have done表过去。

I would rather have seen that film yesterday.4，有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形，表意外。

I never thought he should refuse. She did not expect that you should come.5，虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望: God bless you! So be it then. 四、连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had 和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。

If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.Had you not helped me，I should have failed.Were you in my position, you would do the same.Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.选择填空1. If I _______ you, I’d join the army. A. am B. was C. were D. would be2. “If the sun ______ tomorrow, what would we do?”A. will not riseB. would not riseC. did not riseD. does not rise3. If you ______ to see Mary, what would you tell her?A. areB. will be goingC. mustD. were4. I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______ your brother.A. could seeB. had seenC. will seeD. will have seen5. If you had wanted to buy a record, what ________?A. would you buyB. had you boughtC. would you have boughtD. would you be buying6. If the tablets had dissolved, John ______.A. would probably dieB. had probably diedC. probably would be diedD. would probably have died7. ________ if you had lost your watch?A. Hadn’t you been upsetB. Wouldn’t you be upsetC. Weren’t you upsetD. Wouldn’t you have upset8. -----“I was so sorry to hear about Jack.”-----“If he had made more friends here, he might ________.”A. have stayedB. have stayC. stayedD. stay9. If I had a bike, I ______ it to you yesterday.A. would have lentB. would lendC. would have lendD. could lend10. ____________, John would not have failed.A. If he has listened to meB. Had he listened to meC. If he listened to meD. As he listened to me11. Had Alice been more hardworking, she ________.A. had not failedB. would not have failedC. would not failD. could not be failed12. -----“Steve made a reservation already.”-----“______ he change his mind, he can cancel it.” A. S hould B. Would C. If D. So13. I wished it _______ but it did.A. occurred notB. did not occurC. had not occurredD. would not occur14. I _______ Professor Jones had taught me this equation.A. believeB. deeply thinkC. wishD. suppose15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____ around the earth. A. circles B. is circling C. be circling D. were circling 16. The computer “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ______ a human teacher. A. was B. were C. had been D. be17. Jane appears as though she _______ the secret.A. knowsB. knewC. has knownD. had known18. If only she _______ of Aunt Ruth!A. was not terribly so frightenedB. were not terribly so frightenedC. be not so terribly frightenedD. were not so terribly frightened19. -----“I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity.”-----“She insisted ______ it as a gift.” A. no them to accept B. their acceptingC. that they acceptD. that they accepted20. The chairman requested that __________.A. the members studied the problem more carefullyB. the problem were more carefully studiedC. the problem could be studied with more careD. the members study the problem more carefully21. -----“Did Kathy have any ideas for Jim?”-----“She suggested that he ______ a card with all of our names on it.”A. sendB. sendsC. to sendD. sending22. The idea is that we _______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. will sendB. had sentC. sendD. be sent23. It is necessary that this machine-tool _______ every day.A. be oiledB. oilC. is to be oiledD. oiled24. -----“That’s a beautiful coat in the window.” -----“It certainly is. If I had the money ______ buy it.” A. I’d B. I’ll C. I may D. I shall25. -----“Why didn’t you help him?”-----“I would have ______ I didn’t have the money.” A. if B. and C. but D. otherwise26. Jill would rather we _______ now, but we must go to work.A. not leaveB. had not leftC. didn’t leaveD. not to be left27. John would rather that Jane _______ to the party yesterday evening.A. did not goB. not goC. had not goneD. wouldn’t g one28. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _______ to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. could not have gone29. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ________.A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me30. __________ at the price list, he’d have known what to expect.A. Had Mr. Robinson lookedB. If Mr. Robinson lookedC. If Mr. Robinson would have lookedD. Had Mr. Robinson been looking31. -----“Shall I open the window?” -----“I’d rather _________.”A. you had better notB. you don’tC. you shouldn’tD. you didn’t32. ----- “Did you have to go to court?”-----“No, I didn’t, but I would ______ if my lawyer hadn’t been so good.”A. hadB. haveC. beD. do33. If Peter had enough money, he _______ on the trip to Los Angeles.A. would have goneB. wentC. had goneD. would go34. If you had been in Shanghai last month, you ________ the game.A. had seenB. have seenC. had been seenD. would have seen35. -----“Do you want me to lend you some money?”-----“I wish you __________, I can pay you back next week.”A. shouldB. didC. hadD. would36. If the Watergate Incident _______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. had not occurredB. did not occurC. was not occurringD. would not occur37. Alan _______ the party if he’d gone to London.A. would have missedB. had missedC. could missD. missed38. -----“Your pictures are beautiful!”-----“We _______ more if we hadn’t run out of film.”A. would takeB. had takenC. will have takenD. would have taken39. Peter wishes that he ________ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. had studiedB. studiedC. could studyD. would study1-5 CCDBC 6-10 DBAAB 11-15 BACCD 16-20 BBDCD 21-25 ACAAC26-30 CCABA 31-35 DBDDD 36-39 AADA。