《新编汽车专业英语(第3版)》Unit 2-Passage A
新编汽车专业英语课后答案及题目
一．1.the internal combustion engine 内燃机2. a reciprocating engine 往复发动机3.exhaust emissions 废气排放4.fuel consumption燃料燃烧5.fuel economy 燃油经济性bustion chamber燃烧室7.hybrid-electric vehicle 混动汽车8.mass production大规模生产9.dual-fuel vehicle 双燃料汽车10.air-cooled engine 风冷式发动机二．1. A diesel engine compresses its cylinder air on its compresstion stroke before anyfuel enters the cylinder2.The internal combustion engine is the one most commonly used in theautomotive field.3.According to the fuel energy used,the internal combustion engines are alsodivided into gasoline engines,and diesel engine.4.The piston converts the potential energy of the fuel into the kinetic energy.5.The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the position in areciprocating engine.6.The engine is generally considered the “heart” of an automobile7.This four strokes cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again topush the vehicle foreard.8.There are actually various types of engines such an electric engines,steamengines,and internal combustion engines.1. compression ratio : the total volume divided bv the compression volume2. internal combustion engine : burning their fuel inside their cylinders3. engine : a heart of an automobile4. stroke : the movement of the piston within the cylinder and the distance of piston travel5. reciprocating : the up and down action of a piston in the cylinder6. gasoline : a mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum.四．1.If you know something about ordinary gasoline engines, you will have notice thatdiesel engines, in many respects, work in the same way as gasoline engines.（柴油机的工作方式在很多方面和汽油机是一样的）2.The engine is the source of power that makes the car and the truck move.(使得汽车行驶)3.As it would not be reasonable to have to stop the engine every time it wasrequired to stop the car.(每次都到停车)4.Some of parts make the car move comfortable or better looking, but most ofthem are to make it run.(有些部件使得汽车更舒适或更美观)5.Not all of this heat can be used, and if allowed to remain in the engine, it wouldsoon destroy it.(如果让其热量保留在发动机中)一、1.gasoline engine 汽油机2.in low-speed driving condition在低速行车条件下3.achieve a variety of different objectives 达到各种不同的目的4.higher energy density高能量密度5.electric motor 电动机6.air conditioning空调装置7.regenerative braking 反馈制动8.power source动力源9.resource consumption 资源消耗10.dashboard display汽车仪表板显示二、1.The engine converts the expanding force of combustion into rotary force used topropel the vehicle.2.The gasoline engine and electric motor shut off automatically so that energy isnot wasted in idling.3.Clean cities uses hybrid electric vehicles as a way for coalitions to reducepetroleum consumption.4.Any vehicle without a transmission could be made to move but not smoothly.5.The electric motor applies resistance to the drive-train causing the wheels toslow down.6.The engine turns a high-speed generator, producing electricity.7.An intelligent power-control system determines the most efficient operation ofthe engine and energy storage system.8.If 10000 hybrid-electric vehicles were on the road rather than current standardvehicles, substantial reductions in emissions and fuel use would occur annually.1. transmission: an automotive assembly of gears by which power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axle.2. parking : to put or leave (a vehicle) for a time in a certain location.3. start : to set into motion , operation, or activity.4. battery : a single cell, such as a dry cell, that prouduces an electric current.5. braking : to reduce the speed of with or as if with a brake.四、1.We want hybrid-electric vehicle that reflect the spirit of the time and vehicleconcepts that express their individuality.(要能反映出时代精神)2.There are various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines andinternal combustion engines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)3.The transmission is a speed and power changing device.(一个使速比变化的装置)4.Scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future developmentof engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)5.Hybrid system are increasingly becoming more prevalent in light-duty vehicles,but also in transit buses and other heavy-duty vehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)6.We want hybrid-electric vehicle that reflect the spirit of the time and vehicleconcepts that express their individuality.(要能反映出时代精神)7.There are various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines andinternal combustion engines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)8.The transmission is a speed and power changing device.(一个使速比变化的装置)9.Scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future developmentof engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhaustedemissions, and reducing engine noise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)10.Hybrid system are increasingly becoming more prevalent in light-duty vehicles,but also in transit buses and other heavy-duty vehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)U5E11. The power train has two maan functions :it conveys powerfrom the engine to the wheels , and it changes the amount of torque2. The power train consists of an engine , a transmission ,a clutch , a drive shaft and differential3. The feature of a manual transmission is to deliver enginepower to the front wheels and rear wheels4. manual transmissions usually have five speeds , which means that the output shaft can rotate faster than the input5. There are several basic components in the clutch , suchas the flywheel , clutch disk , pressure plate , release bearing and linkage.6 Automatic transmissions are used not only in many rear-wheel-dnve and four-whe el-dnve ve- lcles, but In most front-wheel-dnve ones1.T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. FE21. manual transmission 手动变速器2. automatic transmission自动变速器3.planetary gear set 行星齿轮组4. Transaxle assembly驱动桥总成5. differential gear 差速器6. clutch pedal离合器踏板7.gearshift lever 变速杆8. release bearing分离轴承9. engine braking 发动机制动10.torque converter液力变矩器E31.If you’ve read about manual transmissions you know hat an engine is connectedto a transmission by way of a clutch.2.Cars with an automatic transmission have no clutch that disconnects thetransmission from the engine. Instead, they use an amazing device called a torque converter.3.One important function of the power train is to transmit the power of the engineto the wheels.4.The type of transmission ( manual or automatic) determines how the slip joint isconnected to the drive shaft.5.The clutch is located between the back of the engine and the front of thetransmission6.The face of the flywheel that touches the clutch disc is made of iron Even if theflywheel were aluminum , the face is iron.7.When the operator presses the clutch pedal ,the clutch release lever or fork .8.The clutch release bearing in most cases, is a ball bearing assembly with amachined face on one side.E41.clutch : any of various devices for engaging and disengaging two working engagingand disengaging two working parts of a shaft2.shaft: a long, generally cylindrical bar, especially one that rotates and transmits power3.transmission : a speed and power changing device4.gearshift : a mechanism for changing from one gear to another in a5.transaxle : an automotive part that combines the transmission and the differential and is used on vehicles with front-wheel drive6.flywheel: a heavy-rimmed rotating wheel used to minimize variations in angular velocityE51.The power is then carried from the engine through the power train to the car (通过传动系扒发动机传递到车轮) so that the wheels turn and the car moves.2.( 如果汽车变速器需要修理和更换)If your car transmission needs repairs orreplacement，you’ve come to the right phone.3.If you wanted a top speed of 80 km/h，then the gear ratio would be similar tothird gear ( 速比相近于3 挡) ,in most manual transmission cars .4.The torque converter does not require any regular maintenance or adjustments( 不要求定期维护或调整) ，but it may be possible to change the transmission fluid .5.The drive shaft can be. either open or enclosed , depending on the type of driveused (取决于所使用的驱动类型)U6E11 If your brakes can work properly , good brakes are essential for safety during dn、ruvtg.2. The disk brake is the best brake which is generally due to its simpler design , lighteri .elju Ind better braking performance.3 Brake linings used to be made maxnly of metals., because of ats heat absorbing propertlcb4Caliper is an important part, and it must be replaced if it indicates a sign of leak！ng lbfa_e Eutd. .lc5 The reason why we still have cars wlth drum brakes ls cheap.6.Drum brakes consist of some parts , such as a backing plate, brake shoes , brake dm. .1, wheel cylnder, return springs and an automatic or self-adjusting system.. brake shoes a brake1.T2. T3. F4. T5. T6. FE21.brake system制动系统2. the parking brake驻车制动器3.the service brake system行车制动系统4. the disk brake盘式制动器5.the hand brake 手制动6.the brake shoe制动蹄片7.drum brake 鼓式制动器8. brake pads制动块9brake performance 制动性能10. brake fluid制动液E31.The most vital factor in the running and control of the modem vehicles is thebreaking system.2.Brake fluid is a special liquid for use in a hydraulic brake system.3.The small forces applied to the brake pedal usually produce relatively largeforces.4.The rate of slowing down or retardation is governed by the speed of conversionof energy.5.Brake is a friction device for converting the power into heat by means of friction6.To decelerate and stop the moving automobile, the service brake are usuallyused.7.The brake lining of a friction maternal are secured to the shoes by brass8.The brake drum is mounted on the wheel hub.E41 brake : the means of bringing to rest a moving vehicle in a shortest possible distance.2 service brake : stop or slow a car by depressing and releasing the brake pedal.3 hand brake : keep the car from rolling on unleveled ground.4 drum brake : a backing plate , brake shoes , wheel cylinder , return springs etc.5 parking brake : hold the automobile at rest.E51.An automobile brake system is actually a friction device to change power intoheat（实际上就是一种把动力转变成热量的摩擦装置).2.Basically , automobile brakes are of two types: the mechanical brakes and thehydraulic brakes (机械制动器和液压制动)3.The most vital factor in the running and control of the modem vehicles is theautomobile brake system (汽车制动系统).4.There are two brake shoes at each wheel. The bottoms of the shoes are heldapart by an adjuster. The tops of shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder（蹄片顶部由轮缸分别固定）5.Brake lines are steel tubing with copper and lead coating to prevent rust andcorrosion ( 以防锈蚀)U7EXERCISE 11. T2. F3. F4. F5. T6. F1 . The most important function of the suspension system ls to supply comfortable , safe nde cot- trol2. According to the article , we know that there are five basic types of spnngs used ln sus,eT"-sions ：coil spring , leaf spring , torsion bar spring , traction,barand air spnngn3. The disadvantage of a coil spring ls its compactness , lack of moving parts , and excellentweight supporting characteristics.4. According to e passage , leaf springs are often used on the front suspension of front drive vehtcles5. When the coil springs , leaf springs , torsion bar spring ,L air springs ls defected , thls couldd cause the car to bounce up and down without any control6. Shock absorber movement ls limited by forcing fluid , d which causes the shock absorber to causes the shock absorbercompress or extend at a slow rate.EXERCISE 21.suspension system 悬架系统2.front suspension system前悬架系3.air compressor 空气压缩机4.torque tube传递转矩管5.axle housing alignment 桥壳定位6.coil spring 螺旋弹簧7.lower control arm 下控制臂8.rebound clip缓冲夹9.traction bar 牵引杆10.control arm控制臂EXERCISE 31.The leaf springs or leaves. most commonly used tn automobiles is' made up ofseveral long plates ,2.Suspension refers to the use of the front and rear springs to suspend a vehicle ' srear springs to suspend a vehicle sprung weight3.Shock absorber are hydraulic restricting devices used to hmt the speed of springaction.4.The car frame is connected to the axles by springs which absorb road shock5.The coil springs is made from a length of steel rod wound Into a coil.6.The front-suspension system must allow the wheels to move up and down.7.In operations, the lower control arms pivot up and down , twisting the torsionbars spring.8.Rebound clips are place along the spnng to prevent separahon of the leaveswhen the spring rebounds.EXERCISE 41.coil spring : a round bar of spring steel wound into the shape of a coil2.leaf spring : several layers of spring steel stacked one upon the other3.torsion ba r : spring a long solid steel shaft held at one end to the suspension s control arm4.air spring : a rubber bag or bladder full of air5.shock absorber : a hydraulic device by forcing fluid through passages or orifices6 suspension : use of the front and rear spring to suspend a vehicleEXERCISE 51.We all Know that springs are the major component（弹簧是主要部件) .nautomobile suspension.2.The automobile suspension is one of the major automobile system (汽车的主要系统之一。
汽车专业英语大纲修订版
汽车专业英语大纲修订版IBMT standardization office【IBMT5AB-IBMT08-IBMT2C-ZZT18】《汽车专业英语》课程标准学时/学分： 32/2课程类型：理论课程（A类）适用专业：汽车电子技术专业课程所属系部：汽车工程系批准日期：2014年5月一、制定依据与课程定位（一）制定依据本课程标准是依据汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、需要制定。
（二）课程定位《汽车专业英语》这门课程是汽车专业的一门专业选修课程，旨在使学生掌握汽车专业常用的英语词汇。
通过本课程的学习，培养学生在汽车专业领域具有的一定的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便学生更好的直接从外文资料中获取新的知识和信息。
二、课程教学目标《汽车专业英语》是三年制高职汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、的专业选修课程。
其任务是使学生一方面可以巩固已掌握的词汇和语法知识，另一方面扩大专业词汇量，提高学生对汽车专业英文文献的阅读能力。
通过教学应使学生获得初步具备专业英语翻译能力和初步具备能够直接从外文资料中获取信息的能力。
（一）知识目标1、掌握专业英语中的基本词汇和专有名词；2、掌握专业英语中常用的语法和句型结构；3、可以阅读有一定词汇量的专业英语文献。
（二）能力目标通过对《汽车专业英语》的教学，力求向学生提供未来工作岗位所需要专业英语知识，培养学生在实际工作岗位上运用汽车专业英语的能力。
1、阐述“专业阅读”，内容力求反应汽车专业方面的最新知识，文章能展示当今汽车专业方面的最新技术，同时书中附带一些真实的现场照片。
2、阐述“专业术语”，帮助学生了解汽车各零部件的功能及应用，是学生进入企业后应用较多的内容。
3、阐述“试试您的动手能力”，以汽车故障诊断为主，列举大量贴近企业工作实际的实例。
4、阐述“交际会话”，选用贴近实际，贴近企业，贴近岗位的常用专业英语会话。
（三）素质目标通过教学应使学生认识《汽车专业英语》学习的基本方法，1、具备通过查阅资料等方法，通过自学获取知识和新技术的能力；2、通过不同形式的探究活动、自主学习，体验科技发现和创造的历程，发展抽象思维和辨证逻辑思维。
汽车维修英语第三版Unit 2 Lesson7 The ignition System
words
distributor mechanical
ignition
current
high-voltage
Lesson 74
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More Words and Phrases
Unit 23
Lesson 74
A. Look at the pictures and choose the correct technical terms.
a. distributor rotor 分火头
f. resistance wire 电阻线
b. battery 蓄电池
g. ECU 电脑
c. ignition key d. spark plug e. ignition coil
点火开关
火花塞 点火线圈
h. control module 控制模块
i. sensor 传感器
f. resistance wire 电阻线
b. battery c. ignition key d. spark plug e. ignition coil
蓄电池
点火开关Biblioteka 火花塞 点火线圈g. ECU h. control module
电脑
控制模块
i. sensor 传感器
Look and Learn Dialogue Reading Learn More Words and Phrases
ignition distributor ignition coil spark plugs
connecting wires
electronic control module
spark plugs ignition coil connecting wires
新编汽车专业英语原文及翻译PPT课件
汽车工程专业英语
罗永革版（原文与翻译） today's average car contains more than 15000 separate,individual parts that must work together.these parts can be grouped into four major categories:body,engine,chassis and electrical system. 现在的汽车一般都由 15000 多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件只要分为 四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 an automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,a hood and a trunk deck built into it.it provides a protective covering for the engine,passengers and cargo.the body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.the body styling provides an attractive,colorful modern appearance for the vehicle. 轿车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李舱门等部件，它给发动 机、乘客和行李提供防护。车身设计是为了确保乘客乘坐的安全和舒适。车身造型设计使得 汽车有一个华美、现代、吸引人的外观。
汽车专业英语第三版答案黄汽驰
汽车专业英语第三版答案黄汽驰1、The weather forecast says that we’ll have occasional rain tomorrow. [单选题] *A. 偶尔的B. 不停的C. 少量的(正确答案)D. 不可预测的2、( ) What other books have you read___ this English novel? [单选题] *A. besides(正确答案)B. exceptC.inD. about3、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad4、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither5、So many people will _______ to their work after the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. get inB. get onC. get offD. get back(正确答案)6、You can distinguish the twins very easily, _____Tom is quite while Jack is active. [单选题] *A. soB. butC. for(正确答案)D. and7、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English8、A little learning is a dangerous thing, _____ the saying goes. [单选题] *A. likeB. as(正确答案)C. withD. if9、While studying abroad, he financially depended（）his wife. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. ofC. toD. from10、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When11、Fresh _______ is good for our health. [单选题] *A. climateB. skyC. weatherD. air(正确答案)12、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)13、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take14、_______ your help, I can’t finish my job. [单选题] *A. withB. without(正确答案)C. inD. into15、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister16、-----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [单选题] *A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see(正确答案)17、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)18、It was（）of you to get up early to catch the first bus so that you could avoid the traffic jam. [单选题] *A. senselessB. sensible(正确答案)C. sentimentalD. sensitive19、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with20、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after21、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many22、12．That is a good way ________ him ________ English. [单选题] *A．to help；forB．helps；withC．to help；with(正确答案)D．helping；in23、96．Let's cross the street from school. There is a park ______ the school. [单选题] * A．far fromB．next toC．atD．opposite(正确答案)24、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)25、_______ after dinner is good for our health. [单选题] *A. WalksB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkedD. Walk26、2．The villagers want to have a bridge. Can this dream ________? [单选题] * A．come outB．get awayC．come true(正确答案)D．get out27、We’re proud that China _______ stronger and stronger these years. [单选题] *A. will becomeB. becameC. is becoming(正确答案)D. was becoming28、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /29、—______? —Half a kilo.（）[单选题] *A. How much are theyB. How much is itC. How much would you like(正确答案)D. How many would you like30、My sister gave me a _______ at my birthday party. [单选题] *A. parentB. peaceC. patientD. present(正确答案)。
《汽车专业英语》教案电子教案完整版授课教案整本书教案电子讲义(最新)
1.本课题的学习目的
2.本课题学习及掌握的主要内容
3.本课题参阅的材料
4.对本课题作业的要求
详细内容及要求
一、Listening
1.Listen and learn the words.
2.Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks with proper words.
教学任务
1.Know some tools，instruments and facilities of automobile painting.
2.Talk about the main steps of automobile painting.
教学过程
课程导入
一、组织教学（2分钟）
整顿纪律、清点人数，稳定学生情绪。
3.Match the expressions with their Chinese meanings.
三、Culture Corner
四、Notes
思考练习
见《汽车专业英语》第18页Warming up
第
教学内容
课题五Automobile Chassis汽车底盘
教学任务
1.Know the different parts of a chassis.
3.Read the text again and decide whether the following statements are true （T） or false （F）.
三、Culture Corner
四、Notes
思考练习
见《汽车专业英语》第34页Warming up
第
教学内容
汽车专业英语课件Unit 2 Automobile Basics
➢ Words Building
Task III. Match the following English terms with the equivalent Chinese
items.
A Байду номын сангаас--front and rear suspensions 1. ( )左右后侧围板，简称车身板
B --- rear axles
D. Yes, you can.
2. A. Don’t worry about it.
B. Why not.
C. Here you are.
D. Of course, please.
3. A. No, you needn’t.
B. No, you can’t.
C. I can’t believe it.
6
➢ Words Building Task I. Choose the best answer from the four choices A, B, C and D. ( ) 1. These streams of functionality can ________into vertical slices of the application. A. be divided B. divide C. to divided D. divided ( ) 2. The American young are well-meaning but misguided, and must not themselves be taken _______guides A. for B. with C. as D. to ( ) 3. Regardless of the type of business you own, your work will be composed ____ ___those three items. A. as B. of C. with D. for ( ) 4. The scientists are still working on ___ ____ new methods of reaching outer space. A. invention B. inventor C. invent D. inventing ( ) 5. To my ________, no researchers have come close to doing this. A. know B. knowing C. known D. knowledge
汽车专业英语第二章02-air induction systmtem
further reduce noise, some systems have a tuning venturi
inside the housing.
See fig.2-2. The shape and size of the tuning venture
SECTION 2 Air Induction Operation and Diagnosis
2.1 Air Induction System Components The air induction system is the system that supplies clean air
to the engine and controls the flow of air through the engine. See fie.2-1.
空气滤纸，也称为空气滤芯或过滤介质，必须足够坚 固以防撕裂。
如果发动机通过进气系统回火，过滤器必须是阻燃的。 为防止灰尘在过滤器周围传播，过滤器必须紧紧密封 在空气过滤器外壳上。
The air passing from the filter housing, around the
throttle plate, and into the engine creates noise.
Airflow n. 气流；空气的流动 Density n. 密度
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)Sensor 歧管绝对压力(MAP)传感器 intake air temperature (IAT) sensor 进气温度传感器
engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor 发动机冷却剂温度(ECT)传感器 mass airflow (MAF) sensor 空气流量(MAF)传感器 vacuum n. 真空；空间；真空吸尘器adj. 真空的；利用真空的 barometric pressure气压 fuel economy 燃油经济性
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• Its reciprocating movements in the cylinder transform the energy of the expanding gases into mechanical energy．
• Crankshaft and flywheel group includes the • following components (see Fig. 2-5):
• Crankshaftis one of the most important parts in the engine．
• It is held in the crankcase in the cylinder block and converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotary motion for the drive wheels．
Unit Two Engine Construction
Passage A Crank Mechanism and Its Main
Components
• Crank mechanism is one of the major motion mechanisms of the engine．
• Its function is to transform the reciprocating movement of pistons into rotary movement of the crankshaft, offering torque to make the drive wheels turn (see Fig.2-1).
• In a 4-cylinder engine, the crankshaft usually has three main journals and four crank pins attached to the big ends of the connecting rods．
• Every crankshaft has counter weights whose purpose is to balance the weight of the connecting rods．
• Its front end is used to drive the valve train, water pump and cooling fan, and its rear end is used to install the flywheel．
• Flywheel is a rotating disk located on one end of the crankshaft．
• Cylinder head is bolted to the top of the cylinder block with a gasket in between sealing the block and forming the combustion chambers with the cylinders．
• Piston and connecting-rod group has some main components as follows (indrical shaped hollow part made of aluminum alloy．
• It has a small end and a big end．
• The small end attaches to the piston with the piston pin and the big end connects to the crank pin of the crankshaft．
• Piston rings are inserted in the ring grooves on the top of the piston．
• Most pistons have three rings: the top two are compression rings and the lower ring is an oil ring．
• Cylinder head holds camshafts, valves, spark plugs and injectors．
• Oil panis at the bottom of the cylinder block．
• It is a container for storage of engine oil．
• They function as sealing between the piston and cylinder wall, lubricating, heat transferring and piston supporting in the cylinder．
• Connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft．
• Crank mechanism is divided into 3 groups: block group; piston and connecting-rod group; and crankshaft and flywheel group．
• The block group contains the following main components (see Fig. 2-2):
• It has a ring gear around the disk．
• Its purposes are to reduce vibration caused by the power stroke through its inertia, and to start the engine when the starter meshes with it．