呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸科常用英文
呼吸科常用英文询问病史case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief plaint, history of present illness, previous health status<well, ordinary or bad>, any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking <about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years>, alcohol in take<occasional or frequent>,spouse’s health status, menorrhea <menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle>, childbearing or pregnancy< times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history <any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children>常用的症状symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum <dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath 〔SOB〕Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise 不舒服myalgia 肌痛insomia 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia 发声困难常见的体征physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal and transversecurvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retentionasterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration <seen in se vere asthma>barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis 驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal spacetactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal spacerange of mobilityAuscultation:vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubsplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss,cachexia恶病质,cachectic恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退常做的检查examinations or laboratory findings<to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have>temperature charts 体温图<take one’s body temperature>sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood testBlood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologyPulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis<ABG>: arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncturePaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemiarespiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg<millimeters of mercury>due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch <ventilation-perfusion<quotient>ratio>pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism,pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg<millimeters of mercury>due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular <sedatives, myasthenia>, structural <ankylosing spondylitis>, pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing <reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节>coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的<breathing like blowing over a bottle top>opacification浑浊：consolidation <air space infiltrate>:confluent shadowing and air bronchogramcollapse: lobar<upper, middle/lingual, lower>segmental atelactasispleural effusionmediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysmChest CT scan< puted tomography>Head MRI<magnetic resonance imaging>PET-CT of the whole body<positron-emission tomography>Abdominal ultrasoundskin prick test 皮肤点刺试验〔dust mites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach蟑螂〕tuberculin skin test <purified protein derivative<of tuberculin> test, PPD test>Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung pliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor < diffusion rate>PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop < inspiration and expiration>bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histamine or methacholine-inhalationbronchodilatation支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings>bronchoalveolar lavage <BAL>protected specimen brush <PStransthoracic percutaneous needle aspirationpercutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance < for peripheral tumours>video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram <ECG>echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope scan < ventilation/perfusion scanning>spiral CT/MRA <Magnetic Resonance Angiography>pulmonary angiographyDoppler USS thigh and pelvis <USS: ultrasound scanning>cardiac monitorPSG< polysommography>常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染mon cold 普通感冒influenza 流感pharynigitis 咽炎acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎munity acquired pneumonia <CAP> 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia <HAP> 医院获得性肺炎nosoical pneumonia <NP> 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease <acute exacerbating> AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma 〔SCLC〕小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤pulmonary embolism 〔PE〕肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism <PTE> 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis <ABPA>pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaua 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ,ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂bronchodilatorB2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱steroids inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德, beclomethasone倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidecardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂albumin 白蛋白antitussive agents 镇咳药ammonium chloride 氯化铵ambroxol 氨溴索〔mucosolvan 沐舒坦〕常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管, Venturi face-mask nebulizer喷雾器: finer particle size <3 to 20um> allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler <MDI>continuous positive airway pressure <CPAP>-tight-fitting mask <non-invasive>intermittent positive-pressure ventilation < IPPV>non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation <NIPPV>mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive<via intubation插管,tracheostomy 气管造口术,tracheotomy气管切开术>synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术lobectomy of lung,pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术,胸廓切开术pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic囊性的/varicose曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibiotics surgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural bleb ruputurelactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy ,esp. biopsy types: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex shift contralaterallyCXR: translucency +collapse: visible rim between lung and chest wall＞2 cm =＞50% lung volume lossaspiration吸引术,intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent: pleurodesis, pleurectomy, bulla stapling or laseringpleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L or pleura: serum protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .Exudate渗出液：capillary permeability increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus-shaped,rises towards axillaAppearance: clear ,straw-coloured: suggests transduateturbid, green: indicates exudates<pus cells> or empyema <bacterial infection>bloody< haemothorax血胸>: tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis, traumawhite< chylothorax乳糜胸>：lymph ,blocked thoracic duct, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage <thoracocentesis>intrathoracic streptokinase via chest drain: to lyse fibrinous adhesionspleural adhesion: tetracycline. bleomycinlung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsydysphagiapancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ganglion resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathysuperior vena cava obstruction <SVCO>: headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, plethora, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade< JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine< ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaeastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma>,skin〔dermatomyositis〕immunopromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia< PTH-rp secretion>adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes monbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy < etoposide + cisplatin>secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck<+colon if liver metastasis>, melanoma, bone <sara>, thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells <O2↓,patient awakes from sleep>, awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity< fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm>,structural features of upper airway <nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical m asses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis>, smoking< exacerabates hypoxia>, alcohol <acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone>,neuromuscular or CNS diseases PSG< polysommography>: overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure <CPAP>mandibular advancement device <MAD>adenoidectomy 〔curative in children〕uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased pliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar <盐酸吉西他滨注射剂>paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇〔Taxol泰素〕docetaxel多西他赛〔泰素帝〕常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠〔泰能tienam〕Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assemblyvanycin 万古霉素norvanycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesisamikacin 阿米卡星〔丁胺卡那〕gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole pound <SMZ.CO>Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠〔可耐〕lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide 〔LPS〕脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose <LD50> 半数致死量median infective dose <ID50> 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration <MIC> 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration <MBC> 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体〔苍白密螺旋体〕Venereal disease reference laboratory <VDRL>Rapid plasma regain <RPR>Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
医学专业英语词汇大全
医学专业英语词汇大全一、人体解剖学词汇1. 骨骼系统（Skeletal System）skull（颅骨）spine（脊柱）rib（肋骨）pelvis（骨盆）femur（股骨）tibia（胫骨）fibula（腓骨）2. 肌肉系统（Muscular System）biceps（二头肌）triceps（三头肌）deltoid（三角肌）quadriceps（四头肌）gluteus（臀大肌）rectus abdominis（腹直肌）3. 神经系统（Nervous System）brain（大脑）spinal cord（脊髓）neuron（神经元）synapse（突触）cerebellum（小脑）hypothalamus（下丘脑）4. 循环系统（Circulatory System） heart（心脏）artery（动脉）vein（静脉）capillary（毛细血管）blood（血液）plasma（血浆）5. 呼吸系统（Respiratory System） lung（肺）trachea（气管）bronchus（支气管）alveoli（肺泡）diaphragm（膈肌）二、临床医学词汇1. 疾病与症状diabetes（糖尿病）hypertension（高血压）asthma（哮喘）fever（发热）headache（头痛）nausea（恶心）2. 检查与诊断physical examination（体格检查）Xray（X光检查）CT scan（CT扫描）MRI（磁共振成像）biopsy（活检）diagnosis（诊断）3. 治疗与药物medication（药物治疗）surgery（手术治疗）vaccination（疫苗接种）antibiotic（抗生素）painkiller（止痛药）insulin（胰岛素）三、医学分支词汇1. 内科学（Internal Medicine） cardiology（心脏病学）gastroenterology（消化病学） nephrology（肾脏病学）endocrinology（内分泌学）hematology（血液病学）2. 外科学（Surgery）general surgery（普通外科） orthopedic surgery（骨科）neurosurgery（神经外科）plastic surgery（整形外科）cardiac surgery（心脏外科）3. 妇产科（Obstetrics and Gynecology）pregnancy（妊娠）childbirth（分娩）contraception（避孕）menopause（更年期）cervical cancer（宫颈癌）4. 儿科学（Pediatrics）immunization（免疫）growth chart（生长曲线）developmental milestones（发育里程碑）asthma in children（儿童哮喘）childhood obesity（儿童肥胖）本词汇大全旨在帮助医学专业人员和爱好者更好地掌握医学英语，提高专业英语水平。
呼吸科英语常用词汇(部分含音标)
呼吸科英语A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。
呼吸系统词缀 医学英语
breath；-spiro-,pneumo-,pneumato-,-pnea1.breathometer 呼吸计2.breath-sounds 呼吸音3.breathing artificial 人工呼吸4.spirometry 肺量测定法5.spiroscope 呼吸量检视器6.pneumoalveolography 肺泡X线造影7.pneumoangiography 肺血管造影术8.pneumobacillin 肺炎杆菌属9.pneumobronchotomy 肺支气管切开术10.pneumocardial 肺心的nose ；naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus 鼻痒11.rhinodynia 鼻痛12.rhinorrhea 鼻漏throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术ryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎glottis ；近义构型词glotto-1.glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottitis 舌炎5.glottogram 声门图6.glottis false 假声门7.glottography 声门描记法8.glottology 舌学9.glottal 声门的10.glottis vera 声门裂trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.tracheoscopy 气管镜检bronchus ；近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜lung ；近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌air sacs,alveolus ;近义构型词alveolo-1.alveolitis 肺泡炎2.alveolocapillary 肺泡毛细血管的pleura ；近义构型词pleuro-1.pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎2.pleurodesis 胸膜固定术3.pleurodynia 胸膜痛4.pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术5.pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎6.pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎7.pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜8.pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液9.pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查10.pleurotomy 胸膜切开术。
呼吸专业英语单词
(一)nose ；naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.r hinocnesmus 鼻痒11.r hinodynia 鼻痛12.r hinorrhea 鼻漏13.a llergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎（二）throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术10.l aryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.p haryngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ; pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛（三）glottis ；近义构型词glotto-1．glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5．glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学（四）trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.t racheoscopy 气管镜检（五）bronchus ；近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ；近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ；近义构型词pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指:cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap:扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音）pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质，cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test) Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验：histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours) video-assisted thoracoscopic-guid ed[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。
医学英语内科学词汇
1.呼吸系统鼻 nose鼻腔 nasal cavity鼻旁窦para nasal sinus喉 larynx主支气管bronchi肺 lung胸膜 pleura胸廓chest cast纵隔 mediastinum气管trachea环状软骨 cricoid cartilage甲状软骨 thyroid cartilage严重急性呼吸器官综合症Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS 急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tract infection普通感冒common cold流行性感冒 influenza慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis慢性喘息性支气管炎chronic asthmatic bronchitis代偿性肺气肿 compensatory emphysema慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD 阻塞性肺气肿obstructive pulmonary emphysema气肿型pink puffer紫肿型blue bloater肺大疱 pulmonary bullae大疱性肺气肿 bullous emphysem a慢性肺源型心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease肺性脑病 pulmonary encephalopathy纵隔气肿mediastinal emphysema戒烟 smoking cessation过敏性肉芽肿 allergic granulmatosis速尿furosemide肺动脉栓塞 pulmonary embolism肺栓塞pulmonale embolism支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma气道高反应性airway hyper responsiveness运动性哮喘 exercise-induced asthma气道重塑 airway remodeling咳嗽变异性哮喘 cough variant asthma支气管激发试验 bronchial provocation test沙丁胺醇 salbutamol特布他林 terbutaline沙美特罗 salmeterol布地奈德 budesonide哮喘持续状态 status asthmaticus全球性哮喘防治建议Global Initiative for Asthma， GINA支气管扩张症 bronchi ectasis巨大气管—支气管trache o bronch o megaly异物foreign body肺容积 basal lung volume基础肺容量 basal lung capacity潮气容积tidal volume, TV补呼吸容积 expiratory reserve volume,ERV深吸气量 inspiratory capacity,IC肺活量 vital capacity,VC功能残气量 functional residual capacity肺总量total lung capacity,TLC残气容积 residual volume,RV每分钟静息通气量 minute ventilation,MV最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation,MVV用力肺活量 forced vital capacity,FVC第1秒用力呼气量forced expiratory volume in 1 second，FEV1最大呼气中段流量 maximal mid-expiratory flow curve,MMEF肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation生理无效腔 dead space ventilation最大呼气中段时间maximal mid-expiratory time最大呼气流量 peak expiratory flow,PEF通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio弥散量 diffusing capacity闭合容积 closing volume最大呼气流量-容积曲线 maximum expiratory flow-volume curve,MEFV 静态肺顺应性static lung compliance动态肺顺应性dynamic lung compliance实际碳酸氢actual bicarbonate，AB标准碳酸氢standard bicarbonate,SB缓冲碱 buffer bases剩余碱 bases excess血浆CO2含量 total plasma CO2 contentCO2结合力carbon dioxide combining power, CO2-CP阴离子间隙anion gap,AG高碳酸血症后碱中毒posthypercapnic alkalosis支气管灌洗 bronchial lavage（BL）支气管肺泡灌洗 bronchial-alveolar lavage（BAL）呼吸衰竭respiratory failure氧气 oxygen低氧血症hypoxemia高碳酸血症 hypercapnia高通气综合征 hyperventilation syndrome急性低氧性呼吸衰竭 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure肺泡低通气综合征 alveolar hypoventilation syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome ，ARDS急性肺损伤acute lung injury ，ALI限制性通气不足 restrictive hypoventilation阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome，OSA肺动脉高压 pulmonary arterial hypertension呼气延长 expiratory retard气管内插管术endotracheal intubationtracheal cannula（套管、插管）tracheal intubation撤离机械通气 wean from machine ventilation允许性高碳酸血症 permissive hypercapnia保护性肺通气策略 lung protective ventilation strategy无创正压通气 non-invasive positive pressure ventilation，NIPPV双气道正压 biphasic positive airway pressure，Bi-PAP控制通气contral mechanical ventilation，CMV辅助通气 assist mechanical ventilation，AMV同步、间歇强制通气 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation，SIMV 呼气末正压positive end expiratory pressure，PEEP反比通气 inverse ratio ventilation，IRV肺炎pneumonia吸入性肺炎inhalation pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia小叶性肺炎 lobular pneumonia社区获得性肺炎 community acquired pneumonia ，CAP医院获得性肺炎 hospital acquried pneumonia ，HAP呼吸机相关性肺炎 ventilator associated pneumonia ，VAP肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia肺炎链球菌肺炎streptococcus pneumonia葡萄球菌肺炎staphylococcus pneumonia克雷白杆菌肺炎Klebsiellar pneumonia军团菌肺炎Legionella pneumonia支原体肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia衣原体肺炎 chlamydia pneumonia念珠菌病candidiasis肺脓肿lung abscess肺曲菌病pulmonary aspergillosis变应性支气管肺曲病 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis厌氧菌anaerobe胸膜粘连 pleural adhesion胸膜增厚 pleural thickening正电子发射体层成像 positron emission tomography，PET脓胸 pyothorax， empyema艾滋病 acquired immune deficiency syndrome ，AIDS肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis咯血hemoptysis原发型肺结核 primary tuberculosis原发综合征primary complex血行播散型肺结核 hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis慢性血行播散型肺结核 chronic disseminated tuberculosis浸润型肺结核 infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis慢性纤维空洞型肺结核chronic fibro-cavitative pulmonary tuberculosis 急性粟粒性肺结核acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis干酪样坏死 caseous necrosis结素的纯蛋白衍生物Purified Protein Derivative ，PPD旧结素old tuberculin OT异烟肼isoniazid利福平rifampin链霉素streptomycin吡嗪酰胺 pyrazinamide对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate间质性肺疾病interstitial lung disease ILD特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF肺泡蛋白质沉积症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis PAP特发性肺含铁血黄素沉积症idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis外源性变应性肺泡炎extrinsic allergic alveolitis矽肺silicosis结节病 sarcoidosis尘肺 pneumoconiosis原发性支气管肺癌 primary bronchogenic carcinoma错构瘤 hamartoma肺癌lung cancer自发性气胸 spontaneous pneumothorax闭合性气胸closed pneumothorax开放性气胸open pneumothorax张力性气胸tension pneumothorax液气胸hydropneumothorax胸腔积液 pleumonia ，pleural effusion包裹性积液 interlobular effusion肺不张 atelectasis阻塞性肺不张 obstructive atelectasis钙化calcification渗出性病变exudation空洞cavity纵隔 mediastinum纵隔肿瘤mediastinal tumor磁共振显像 magnetic resonance imaging， MRI2．循环系统动脉 artery静脉 vein毛细血管 capillary体循环 great circulation肺循环 lesser circulation ( pulmonary circulation) 心底 cardiac base心尖 cardiac apex右心房 right atrium右心室 right ventricle左心房 left atrium左心室 left ventricle心内膜 endocardium心外膜epicardium心肌层 myocardium房间隔 interatrial septum室间隔 interventricular septum心传导系统 conduction system of the heart窦房结 sinoatrial node房室结 atrioventricular node房室束 atrioventricular bundle心包 pericardium动脉 artery静脉 vein脾spleen超声心动 ultrasound cardiogram心力衰竭heart failure充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure难治性心力衰竭intractable heart failure心功能障碍 cardiac dysfunction收缩功能不全性心力衰竭 Systolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭 Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 左室射血分数 left ventricular ejection fractor ，LVEF心室重塑 remodeling心钠素 atrial natriuretic factor，ANF脑钠素 brain natriuretic peptide，BNP血管加压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin缓激肽bradykinin硝酸甘油nitroglycerin乌拉地尔urapidil氨力农amrinone硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside节律 rhythm心律失常cardiac arrhythmia触发活动 triggered activity后除极Afterdepolarization心室晚电位 late ventricular potential窦房结恢复时间sinus node recovery time， SNRT窦房传导时间 sinoatrial conduction time ，SACT窦性心动过缓 sinus bradycardia窦性停搏 sinus pause or sinus arrest窦性阻滞 sinoatrial block病态窦房结综合征 sick sinus syndrome固有心率 intrinsic heart rate外源性的…… extrinsic房性早搏 atrial premature beats房性心动过速 atrial tachycardia自律性房性心动过速autematic atrial tachycardia折返性房性心动过速reentrant atrial tachycardia混乱性房性心动过速chaotic atrial tachycardia多源性房性心动过速multifocal atrial tachycardia心房扑动 atrial flutter心房颤动 atrial fibrillation房室交界性过早搏动 premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界性逸搏 AV junctional escape beats房室交界性心律 AV junctional rhythm非阵发性房室交界性心动过速nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junction tachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia， PSVT房室结折返性心动过速 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia预激综合征 preexcitation syndrome房室旁路通道 accessory atrioventricular pathways房—希斯束 atriohisian tracts结室纤维 nondoventricular fibers分支室纤维 fasciculoventricular fibers室性期前收缩,室性早搏premature ventricualr contraction室性早搏 premature ventricular beats室性并行心律 ventricular parasystole室性心动过速 ventricular tachycardia加速性室性自主节律 accelerated idioventricular rhythm尖端扭转型室性心动过速 torsades de pointes心室扑动ventricular flutter心室颤动 ventricular fibrillation房室传导阻滞atrio ventricular block室内传导阻滞intra ventricular block右束支传导阻滞 right bundle branch block左前(后)分支阻滞left anterior(posterior) fascicular block双分支阻滞和三分支阻滞 bifascicular block and trifascicular block心脏性猝死 sudden cardiac death心源性休克cardiogenic shock过敏性休克anaphylactic shock心脏骤停Cardiac arrest无脉性电活动Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)电机械分离 electromechanical dissociation捶击复律 thumpversion胸按压 chest compression心肺复苏 cardiopulmonary resuscitation，CPR人工心脏起搏 artificial cardiac pacing起搏器 pacemaker埋藏式心内复律除颤器implantable cardioverter defibrillator心脏电复律 cardioversion心脏电除颤 defibrillation血管重建Revascularization埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器automatic implantable cardioverter and defibrillator（AICD）心血管病介入治疗interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty， PTCA经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty PBPV经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣交界分离术percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy PBMV冠状动脉旁路移植术coronary arteria bypass grafting心导管消蚀 catheter ablation先天性心血管病congenital cardiovascular disease肺动脉狭窄Pulmonic stenosis单纯肺动脉口狭窄Isolated pulmonic stenosis主动脉缩窄Coarctation of the aorta单纯肺动脉扩张Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery原发性肺动脉高压Primary pulmonary hypertension双侧上腔静脉（左上腔静脉残存）Persistent left superior vena cava 孤立性右位心Isolated dextrocardia房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect部分性肺静脉畸形引流Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 室间隔缺损Ventricular septal defect (VSD)艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger’s syndrome动脉导管未闭Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)法洛四联症Tetralogy of Fallot法洛三联症Trilogy of Fallot完全性大血管错位Complete transposition of the great vessels房间隔缺损Atrial septal defect (ASD)高血压 hypertension原发性高血压 essential hypertension继发性高血压 secondary hypertension高血压急症Hypertensive urgencies高血压危象Hypertensive crisis高血压危症Hypertensive emergencies白大衣性高血压“White coat” hypertension单纯收缩期高血压Isolated systolic hypertension小动脉硬化Arteriolosclerosis体重指数 body mass index BMI动态血压监测ambulatory blood pressure monitoringVasodilator 血管扩张剂phlebectasis 静脉扩张arteriectasis 动脉扩张Diuretic 利尿剂thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂loop diuretic 袢利尿剂；potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿剂inotropic agent 正性肌力药digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂；adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂；phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂Bradykinin 缓激肽血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor;ACEI血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker，ARB钙通道阻滞剂 calcium channel blocker，CCBα-受体阻滞剂 alpha receptor blockerβ-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂 beta adrenergic receptor blocker（beta blockers）醛固酮拮抗剂Aldosterone antagonist利尿剂 diuretics呋噻米 Furosemide氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide地高辛Digoxin西地兰(去乙酰毛花苷C) Lanatoside C硝酸甘油 nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨醇酯 Isosorbide Dinitrate阿替洛尔 Atenolol美托洛尔 metoprolol硝苯地平 Nifedipin维拉帕米 Verapamil地尔硫卓 Diltiazem尼群地平 Nitrendipine卡托普利 captopril依那普利 Enalapril利多卡因lidocaine普罗帕酮 Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone动脉粥样硬化 ather o sclerosis动脉硬化 arteriosclerosis粥样斑快 atheromatous plaque高脂血症 hyperlipidemia高密度脂蛋白 high density lipoprotein ,HDL低密度脂蛋白 low density lipoprotein ,LDL冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease急性冠状动脉功能不全acute coronary insufficiency缺血性心脏病 ischemic heart disease心绞痛angina pectoris稳定型心绞痛 stable angina pectoris不稳定心绞痛 instable angina pectoris初发型心绞痛 recent onset angina pectoris恶化型心绞痛 accelerated angina pectoris变异型心绞痛variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetal angina)梗塞后心绞痛 postinfarction angina pectoris卧位型心绞痛 angina decubitus冠状动脉溶栓术coronary artery thrombolysis重组，组织型，纤维蛋白溶酶原，激活剂Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ，rt-PA心肌梗死 myocardial infarction心内膜下心肌梗死 subendocardial myocardial infarction心肌梗塞后综合征post infarction syndrome心源性休克 cardiogenic shock心肌桥Myocardial bridging乳头肌功能失调或断裂 dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头 papil心脏破裂 rupture of the heart栓塞 embolism心脏膨胀瘤 cardiac aneurysm夹层动脉瘤 dissecting aneurysm胸主动脉瘤thoracic aortic aneurysm腹主动脉瘤 abdominal aortic aneurysm，AAA主动脉夹层 aortic dessection室壁瘤 ventricular aneurysm隐匿型冠心病 latent coronary heart disease心脏瓣膜病valvular heart disease主动脉弓综合征Aortic arch syndrome风湿性心脏病Rheumatic heart disease二尖瓣狭窄 mitral (valve) stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄aortic (valve) stenosis三尖瓣狭窄 tricuspid (valve) stenosis肺动脉狭窄 pulmonary stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全 aortic incompetence三尖瓣关闭不全tricuspid incompetence肺动脉瓣关闭不全pulmonary incompetence多瓣膜病 multivalvular heart disease主动脉反流 aortic regurgitation二尖瓣脱垂 mitral valve prolapse感染性心内膜炎infective endo carditis亚急性感染性心内膜炎 subacute infective endocarditis自体瓣膜心内膜炎 native valve endocarditis人工瓣膜心内膜炎 prothetic valve endo carditis心肌炎myo carditis心包炎peri carditis心肌病 cardio myo pathy扩张型心肌病 dilated cardio myo pathy肥厚型心肌病 hypertrophic cardio myo pathy限制性心肌病restrictive cardio myo pathy地方性心肌病 endemic cardio myo pathy右室心肌病Right ventricular cardiomyopathy致心律失常型右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC) 心内膜心肌纤维化 endo myo cardial fibrosis ,EMF特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis IHSS非对称性心室间隔肥厚asymmetric septal hypertrophy ASH心尖部肥厚 apical hypertrophy APH心尖 apex间隔 septum特异性 specific继发性 secondary原发性 primary原因不明，特发性 idiopathic酒精性心脏病alcoholic heart disease围产期心脏病 peripartal heart disease药物性心脏病 Drug-induced heart disease心包炎 peri carditis急性心包炎 acute peri carditis化脓性心包炎Purulent pericarditis结核性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis缩窄性心包炎constrictive peri carditis梅毒性心血管病syphilitic cardi o vascular diseases闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration多发性大动脉炎Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thromboangitis obliterans主动脉夹层Aortic dissection心肌损伤后综合征Postpericardiostomy syndrome晕厥Syncope间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication雷诺综合征 Raynaud syndrome深部静脉血栓形成 deep venous thrombosis血栓性浅静脉炎 superficial thrombophlebitis心血管神经官能症cardi o vascular neurosis血栓性静脉炎 thrombophlebitis血脑屏障blood-brain barrier脑穿通伤 brain penetrating injury脑外伤 brain trauma3.消化系统食管 esophagus胃 stomach十二指肠 duodenum小肠 small intestine空肠jejunum回肠 ileum盲肠 cecum大肠large intestine阑尾 vermiform appendix横结肠 transverse colon升结肠 ascending colon降结肠 descending colon乙状结肠 sigmoid colon 直肠 rectum肝 liver 胆囊 gall bladder胆总管 common bile duct 胰 pancreas腹膜 peritoneum 系膜 mesentery韧带 ligament小网膜 lesser omentum大网膜 greater omentum胃食管反流病 gastr o esophageal reflex disease , GERD 反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis食管裂孔疝 hiatus hernia食管下括约肌 lower esophageal sphincter LES一过性LES松弛transit lower esophageal spincter relaxation TLESR 食管狭窄 stenosis of esophagus贲门失弛缓 cardiac achalasia食管扩张 dilatation of esophagus憩室 diverticulum充盈缺损 filling defect反流性食管炎 regurgitant esophagitis食管粘膜白斑 leukoplakia esophagi容量清除 volume clearanceH2- 受体拮抗剂 H2 receptor antagonist丁溴东莨菪碱 buscopan质子泵抑制剂 proton pump inhibitor ,PPI食管癌 carcinoma of esophagus胃炎 gastritis急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性腐蚀性胃炎 acute corrosive gastritis急性糜烂出血性胃炎 acute erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis急性化脓性（蜂窝织性）胃炎 acute phlegmonous gastritis慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎 chronic superficial gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic atrophic gastritis非甾体类抗炎药 Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug NSAID肠腺化生 intestinal metapasia不典型增生a typical hyper plasia发育不良 dysplasia消化不良 dyspepsia幽门螺杆菌 helicobacter pylori HP白斑病 vitiligo特殊染色 warthin—starry多潘立酮 domperidone西沙必利 cisapride肥厚性高酸分泌性胃病 hypertropnic hypersecretory gastropathy消化性溃疡 peptic ulcer胃溃疡 gastric ulcer ,GU十二指肠溃疡 duodenal ulcer , DU应激性溃疡 stress ulcer吻合口溃疡 anastomotic stoma ulcer吻合口梗阻 anastomotic stoma obstruct残胃癌 carcinoma of remnant stomach吻合口瘘 anastomotic stoma fistula十二指肠憩室 duodenal diverticulum胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers 胃泌素瘤 gastrinoma奥美拉唑 omeprazole胃癌 gastric cancer早期胃癌 early gastric carcinoma进展期胃癌 advanced gastric carcinoma皮革状胃 linitis plastica肠结核 intestinal tuberculosis跳跃征象 stierlin sign肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction麻痹性肠梗阻 paralytic ileus痉挛性肠梗阻 spastic ileus绞窄型小肠梗阻 strangulated intestinal obstruction急性肠套叠 acute intussusception肠扭转 intestinal twist肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 胃肠道穿孔 perforation of gastrointestinal tract炎症性肠病 inflammatory bowel disease ,IBO溃疡性结肠炎 ulcerative colitis全结肠炎 pancolitis先天性巨结肠 congenital megacolon中毒性巨结肠 toxic megacolon息肉 polyp结肠多发息肉病 polyposis coli腺瘤样息肉 adenomatous polyp家族性腺瘤性息肉病 familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP结肠癌 colon carcinoma直肠癌 carcinoma of the rectum 或rectal cancer或pimeloma结、直肠癌 colorectal cancer血清癌胚抗原 serum carcinoembryonic antigen , S-CEA功能性胃肠病functional gastrointestinal disorders，FGD功能性消化不良 functional dys pepsia ,FD肠易激综合征 irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS慢性腹泻 chronic diarrhea渗透性腹泻 osmotic diarrhea分泌性腹泻 secretory diarrhea炎症性腹泻 inflammatory diarrhea功能性便秘 functional constipation脾肿大 splenomegal y胆石症 cholelithiasis胆管炎 cholangitis胆囊炎 cholecystitis急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis，AOSC胆固醇 cholesterol内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP磁共振胆道成像magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography，MRCP内镜鼻胆管外引流 endoscopic nasobiliary drainage，ENBD原发性硬化性胆管炎primary sclerosing cholangitis，PSC胆囊癌 gallbladder cancer胆管癌cholangiocarcinoma胆囊息肉样病变polypoid lesions of gallbladder，PLG细胞凋亡 apoptosis自身免疫性肝炎 autoimmune hepatitis AIH肝豆状核变性 hepatolenticular degeneration肝肾综合征 hepatorenal syndrome酒精性肝病 alcoholic liver disease脂肪肝 fatty liver肝纤维化 fibrosis of liver肝硬化 hepatic cirrhosis 或cirrhosis of liver酒精性肝硬变 alcoholic cirrhosis门脉性肝硬变 portal cirrhosis坏死后性肝硬变 postnecrotic cirrhosis胆汁性肝硬变 biliary cirrhosis门静脉高压 portal hypertension腹水 ascites黄疸 jaundice门脉高压性胃病 portal hypertensive gastropathy食管胃静脉曲张 esophageal ang gastric varices经颈静脉肝内门体分流术transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ，TIPS颈静脉的jugular熊去氧胆酸 Ursodeoxycholic acid原发性肝癌 primary carcinoma of the liver肝性脑病hepatic encephal o pathy , HE亚临床（隐性）肝性脑病 Subclinical（latent）hepatic encephal o pathy肝性昏迷 hepatic coma门体分流性脑病 Porto systemic encephal o pathy，PSE扑翼样震颤 flapping tremor / asterixis急性胰腺炎 acute pancreatitis ,AP胆囊炎 cholecystitis胆囊癌 cholangio-carcinoma胰腺癌 pancreatic carcinoma急性出血坏死性胰腺炎 acute hemorrhagic necrosis pancreatitis经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术percutaneous transhepatic cholangeal drainage，PTCD 胰腺癌 carcinoma of the pancreas 或 pancreatic carcinoma腹膜 peritoneum结核性腹膜炎 tuberculous peritonitis自发性细菌性腹膜炎 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis上消化道出血 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage或upper gastrointestinal bleeding下消化道出血 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage血管加压素 vasopressin生长抑素 somatostatin腹腔游离气体celiac dissociative gas4 .泌尿系统肾 kidney 输尿管 ureter膀胱 urinary bladder 尿道 urethra系膜 mesentary 毛细血管capillary急性肾小球肾炎 acute glomerul o nephritis急进性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerul o nephritis , RPGN慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis隐匿性肾小球肾炎latent glomerul o nephritis肾病综合征 nephrotic syndrome1．轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minimal change glomerulonephriti s 2．局灶性节段性病变focal segmental lesions局灶性节段性肾小球肾炎focal segmental glomerul o nephritis局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal segmental glomerul o sclerosis，FSGS3．弥漫性肾小球肾炎diffuse glomerulonephritis⑴膜性肾病membranous nephropathy⑵增生性肾炎proliferative glomerulonephritis①系膜增生性肾小球肾炎mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis②毛细血管内增生肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis③系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis④新月体肾小球肾炎crescentic glomerulonephritis⑶硬化性肾小球肾炎sclerosing glomerulonephritis4．未分化性肾小球肾炎 unclassified glomerulonephritis薄基底膜肾病thin basement membrane nephropathy坏死性肾小球肾炎necrotizing glomerulonephritis致密沉积物性肾小球肾炎dense deposit glomerulonephritis恶性肿瘤相关性肾小球疾病malignancy-associated glomerular disease无症状性血尿或（和）蛋白尿Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuriaIgA肾病 IgA nephr o pathy急性间质性肾炎Acute inter stitial nephritis慢性间质肾炎Chronic inter stitial nephritis尿路感染Urinary tract infection远端肾小管酸中毒 diatal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管酸中毒 proximal renal tubular acidosis范可尼综合征Fanconi syndrome肾动脉狭窄Renal artery stenosis肾血管性高血压Renal vascular（Renovascular）hypertension 缺血性肾脏病ischemic nephr o pathy肾动脉栓塞 Renal artery embolism肾动脉血栓 Renal artery thrombosis肾静脉血栓 Renal vein thrombosis高血压性小动脉性肾硬化症Hypertensive arteriolar nephr o scler o sis良性小动脉性肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephr o scler o sis恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis肾淀粉样变性病 renal amyloidosis急性肾衰竭 Acute renal failure急性肾小管坏死 acute tubular necrosis，ATN氮质血症 azotemia慢性肾衰竭 Chronic renal failure尿毒症uremia肾小球滤过率glumerular filtration rate，GFR连续性肾替代治疗continuous renal replacement therapy，CRRT血液净化治疗 blood purification血液透析hemodialysis腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis持续不卧床腹膜透析continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis，CAPD血液灌流 hemoperfusion渗透浓度osmolarity渗透压osmotic pressure张力tonicity容量不足volume depletion低血容量血症hypovolemia容量过多 volume excess代谢性酸中毒 metabolic acidosis代谢性碱中毒 metabolic alkalosis呼吸性酸中毒 respiratory acidosis呼吸性碱中毒 respiratory alkalosis混合性酸碱平衡紊乱 mixed acid-base disturbance肾性骨营养不良 renal osteodystrophy骨质疏松症 osteoporosis骨软化 osteomalacia肾性贫血 renal anemia肾盂肾炎 pyelonephritis氧氟沙星 ofloxacin胆石症 cholelithiasis尿石症 urolithiasis肾结石renal calculi输尿管结石ureteral calculi膀胱结石 vesical calculi尿道结石urethral calculi肾盂积水 hydronephrosis肾母细胞瘤 nephroblastoma多囊肾multicystic kidney5.血液系统血液学hematology红细胞erythrocyte白细胞 leukocyte血小板thrombocyte粒细胞granulocyte单核细胞monocyte巨核细胞 megakaryocyte多形核细胞 polymorphonuclear ，PMN淋巴细胞 lymphocyte网织红细胞计数 reticulocyte count电解质electrocyte嗜伊红细胞 eosinophil嗜碱性细胞 basophil嗜中性细胞 neutrophil肝素heparin华法令 coumadin骨髓穿刺/活检marrow aspiration/biopsy造血干细胞hemapoietic stem cell祖细胞progenitor红细胞生成素erythr o poietin，EPO海因小体Heinz bodies无效性红细胞生成 ineffective erythropoiesis遗传性球形细胞增多症 hereditary spher o cyt o sis 再障危象aplastic crisis短小病毒parvovirus蚕豆病favism血红蛋白病hemoglobin o pathy缺铁性贫血 iron deficient anemia巨幼细胞性贫血 megaloblastic anemia海洋性贫血thalassemia大细胞性贫血 macrocytic anemia难治性贫血 refractory anemia自身免疫性溶血性贫血autoimmune hemolytic anemia ,AIHA阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin uria , PNH全血细胞减少pancytopenia白细胞减少leuk o penia粒细胞减少症granul o cyt o penia粒细胞缺乏症a granulocytosis中性粒细胞减少症neutropenia骨髓增生异常综合征 myel o dysplastic syndrome, MDS白血病leukemia急性白血病acute leukemia急性红白血病acute erythroleukemia急性单核细胞白血病 acute monocytic leukemia急性巨核细胞白血病 acute megakaryoblastic leukemia急性髓细胞白血病 acute myeloid leukemia急性粒-单核细胞白血病acute myelomonocytic leukemia急性早幼粒细胞白血病 acute promyelocytic leukemia类白血病反应leukemoid reaction慢粒白血病chronic granul o cytic leukemia慢淋白血病chronic lymphocytic leukemia淋巴瘤lymph o ma非何杰金淋巴瘤 non-Hodgkin lymphoma ,NHL绿色瘤chloroma单核细胞样B细胞淋巴瘤monocytoid B-cell lymphoma形态学morphology免疫学immunology细胞遗传学cytogenetics粘膜相关性淋巴组织淋巴瘤mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma浆细胞病（浆细胞恶性增生）plasma cell dyscrasia M蛋白monoclonal protein本周蛋白Bence-Jones protein多发性骨髓瘤multiple myel o ma恶性组织细胞增多症 malignant histiocytosis骨髓增生性疾病myeloproliferative disorders真性红细胞增多症polycythemia vera原发性血小板增多症 primary thromb o cythemia传染性单核细胞增多症 infectious mononucleosis噬血细胞综合征 hemophgocytic syndrome原发性骨髓纤维化症primary myel o fibrosis遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis脾功能亢进 hyper splenism血管性紫癜vascular purpura过敏性紫癜 a llergic purpura单纯性紫癜si mple purpura血小板减少性紫癜thromb o cyto penia purpura特发性血小板减少性紫癜idi o pathic thromb o cyto penia purpura, ITP原发性血小板增多症 primary thrombocythemia血友病hemophilia弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intra vascular coagulation ,DIC血栓形成 thrombosis血栓栓塞 thromb o embolism自体输血 autologous blood transfusion浓缩红细胞 packed red blood cells新鲜冷冻血浆 fresh frozen plasma 非溶血性发热输血反应febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction ,FNHTR造血干细胞移植hematopoietic stem cell transplantation，HSCT输血相关性移植物抗宿主病transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease6.内分泌及代谢系统下丘脑 hypothalamus垂体 hypophysis松果体 pineal body甲状腺 thyroid gland甲状旁腺 parathyroid glands肾上腺 suprarenal glands胰岛 islets of Pancreas替代治疗replacement therapy补充治疗substitution therapy巨人症gigantism垂体性巨人症 pituitary gigantism肢端肥大症acromegaly生长激素缺乏性侏儒症growth hormone deficiency dwarfism腺垂体功能减退症 hypopituitarism泌乳-闭经综合征 galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome尿崩症 diabetes insipidus肾性尿崩症 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 抗利尿激素 antidiuretic hormone ,ADH抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,SIADHS 甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白 thyroid growth immunoglobulin单纯甲状腺肿simple goiter甲状腺功能亢进症hyper thyroidism甲状腺功能减退症hypo thyroidism亚急性甲状腺炎s ubacute thyr o iditis慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（桥本病）chronic lymph o cytic thyr o iditis桥本甲状腺炎Hashimoto thyr o ditis呆小病，克汀病 cretinism粘液性水肿myxedema库欣综合征Cushing syndrome库欣病Cushing disease醛固酮aldosterone原发性醛固酮增多症primary aldosteron ism肾上腺皮质功能亢进 hyperadrenalism (adrenocortical hyperfuction)慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症chronic ad reno cortical hypofunction铬chrome嗜铬细胞瘤pheo chromo cytoma泌乳素瘤 prolactinoma降钙素 calcitonin甲状旁腺功能亢进症 hyper para thyroidism甲状旁腺功能减退症 hypo para thyroidism 瘤形成neoplasia多发性内分泌腺瘤 multiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN代谢营养疾病糖尿病 diabetes mellitus ，DM成人晚发自身免疫性糖尿病 latent autoimmune diabetes in adult，LAD青年发病的成年糖尿病 Maturity-onset diabetes mellitus of the young，MODY 妊娠糖尿病Gestational diabetes mellitus高胰岛素血症hyper insulin emia代谢综合征 metabolic syndrome口服葡萄糖耐量试验oral glucose-tolerance test, OGTT糖耐量减低 impaired glucose tolerance抗胰岛细胞胞浆抗体 islet cell cytoplasm antibody抗胰岛B细胞表面抗体 islet B cell surface antibody抗胰岛素抗体insulin antibody糖尿病大血管病变 diabetic macroangiopathy糖尿病微血管病变 diabetic microangiopathy糖尿病肾病diabetic nephropathy糖尿病视网膜病变 diabetic retinopathy糖尿病神经病变 diabetic neuropathy蜜月期 honeymoon period正常糖耐量 normal glucose tolerance空腹血糖异常 impaired fasting tolerance代谢综合征 metabolic syndrome磺脲类 sulfonylureas双胍类 biguanides葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂glucosidas inhibitor噻唑烷二酮类 thiazolidinedione普通胰岛素 regular insulin中性胰岛素 neutral protamine hagedorn鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素 protamine zinc insulin特慢胰岛素 ultralente insulin连续皮下胰岛素输注 continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion胰岛素抵抗 insulin resistance氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide恶液质cachexia全胃肠外营养 total parenteral nutrition糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic ketoacidosis，DKA高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷hyper o smolar non ketotic diabetic coma酮血症 keton emia酮尿症 keton uria低血糖症 hypo glycemia血脂异常dys lipidemia高脂血症 hyper lipidemia胆固醇 cholesterol高胆固醇血症 hyper cholesterol emia甘油三酯 triglyceride高甘油三酯血症 hyper triglycerid emia 肥胖症obesity水中毒water intoxication钠 sodium 或natrium低钠血症hypo natremia高钠血症hyper natremia钾potassium或postase或 kalium低钾血症hypo kalemia 或kalio penia高钾血症hyper kalemia尿urine高尿酸血症hyper uricemia疏松porosity骨质疏松症oste o porosis痛风gout7.结缔组织病和风湿病Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症结缔组织病 connective tissue disease淀粉样变性病 amyloidosis风湿性疾病rheumatic diseases类风湿关节炎rheumatoid arthritis血清阴性脊柱关节病ser o negative spondyl o arthr o pathy强直性脊柱炎ankylosing spondylitis系统性红斑狼疮systemic lupus erythematosus血管炎vasculitis超敏性血管炎hypersensitivity angiitis白塞病Behcet disease系统性硬化症systemic sclerosis特发性炎症性肌病idiopathic inflammatory myositis多发性肌炎 polymyositis皮肌炎 dermat o myositis原发性干燥综合征primary Sjogren syndrome。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup] 同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术) pulmonary angiographyDoppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm] pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv, -reitiv]congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik] 隐源性的fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis] 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb. with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik, ,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt] Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik] 常用的药物drugs or agentsbronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə]B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l] long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n]steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun] 强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun] 氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik] albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv]ammonium chloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi]lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə] 大疱stapling装订or lasering激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症11/14endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度1 急性acute4099103 3142 治疗patients39581630 704 呼吸respiratory3166196 3876 临床patients2680548 707 阻塞性obstructive2672 3 358 感染infection2610428 31610 通气ventilation2207115 44912 性肺pulmonary18620 25014 综合征syndrome176844 28815 组织lung17471750 9416 呼吸道respiratory1706163 38718 细胞cells1651240 11420 肺炎pneumonia1617153 15322 支气管bronchial147263 5023 阻塞性肺疾病obstructive14500 3524 慢性阻塞性肺疾病obstructive144228 3526 支气管哮喘asthma127670 23428 老年patients1128106 7030 纤维化fibrosis111991 10932 衰竭failure108227 46934 下呼吸道respiratory101010 38736 机械通气ventilation98156 44938 栓塞embolism96266 5240 炎症inflammation920258 34642 肺栓塞pulmonary84152 25044 肺动脉pulmonary81822 25046 肺泡alveolar81233 11848 肺纤维化fibrosis76634 10950 肺结核病tuberculosis676 4 24052 呼吸暂停apnea65419 5754 睡眠呼吸暂停syndrome64611 28856 结核tuberculosis637104 24057 例患者patients61710 7058 豚鼠guinea591116 10460 重症severe58756 46962 肺病pulmonary55712 25064 性睡眠sleep5540 8265 积液effusion53759 5266 气道炎症airway53113 7868 结核性tuberculous5159 1270 核性tuberculous5120 1272 胸腔积液effusion49773 5274 哮喘组asthma4918 23476 住院patients482234 7078 重度severe473170 46979 抗体antibody472189 14780 尘肺pneumoconiosis46924 1682 慢性支气管炎bronchitis45958 5284 矽肺silicosis44814 1986 通气治疗ventilation4450 44987 呼吸窘迫respiratory44014 38788 细菌bacterial440724 22690 患者中patients4300 7092 间质interstitial42756 31694 窘迫distress42118 26796 血气blood4078 8498 病理lung405302 94100 肺气肿emphysema40058 74102 常规patients388571 70104 肺结核病人tuberculosis373 3 240106 病情patients364297 70108 细胞因子cytokines355337 452110 衰竭患者failure3450 469112 发病patients344363 70114 胸片chest34365 132116 巨噬细胞macrophages338240 181118 呼吸暂停综合征apnea33124 57120 监测patients3261384 70122 胸膜pleural32236 70124 阴性negative319197 1247126 无创noninvasive31440 186128 获得性acquired30710 178130 型呼吸respiratory2920 387 131 并发patients288141 70 132 急性发作期acute28412 314134 油酸oleic278198 125136 2003年200326451 0138 哮喘模型asthma263 4 234 139 综合征患者syndrome2620 288 140 左氧氟沙星levofloxacin26172 90142 炎性inflammatory25920 528144 呼吸系统respiratory250125 387146 铜绿aeruginosa24911 104148 哮喘发病asthma2450 234150 支气管肺泡灌bronchoalveolar2430 37152 急性肺栓塞pulmonary2380 250 153 例健康healthy2380 89 154 死亡率mortality236362 554156 间质纤维化fibrosis2299 109158 过敏性allergic22737 158160 痰菌阴转sputum2250 56 161 胸膜炎pleurisy22519 14 162 内毒素lung225102 94164 肺泡巨噬细胞macrophages22314 181166 发病机制pathogenesis221293 442168 肺血栓栓塞thromboembolism2180 24170 雾化inhalation216156 240172 缓解期remission21442 147174 哮喘病asthma2120 234176 呼气expiratory21122 8178 病变patients209289 70180 瘦素leptin209101 300182 特发性idiopathic20622 123184 糖皮质激素glucocorticoid199181 109186 亚群subsets19721 105188 自发性spontaneous19633 440190 恶性胸腔pleural1950 70192 肺间质interstitial19220 316194 血栓栓塞症thromboembolism1920 24196 非典型sars18920 88198 肺通气pulmonary188 5 250200 加重期exacerbation1880 66202 急性加重期exacerbation184 6 66204 组肺lung1830 94 205 药物drug179452 174 206 状态patients1791184 70208 总数total177241 417210 哮喘急性asthma1740 234212 插管intubation17372 61 213 低通气hypopnea1730 4 214 尿激酶urokinase17345 31216 表面活性物质surfactant17123 430218 非典型肺炎sars17018 88220 工尘肺pneumoconiosis1690 16222 哮喘豚鼠asthma1680 234224 脂多糖lps16739 104226 性肺炎pneumonia1660 153 227 慢支bronchitis162 4 52 228 急性期acute16243 314230 康复patients160279 70232 轻度mild159192 482234 总ige ige1580 13 235 计数count157193 470 236 夜间nocturnal15655 65238 支气管动脉embolization15522 42240 溶栓thrombolytic15581 38242 涂片sputum15354 56244 老年患者patients15160 70246 血压blood151148 84248 ifn-γil-4148 3 4250 炎症反应inflammatory147101 528252 哮喘病人asthma1440 234254 序贯sequential14318 599256 冠状病毒sars14223 88258 术后patients140272 70260 健康对照healthy1397 89262 真菌fungal136434 287264 沙丁胺醇salbutamol13536 36266 ige水平ige1340 13268 加替沙星gatifloxacin13432 41270 纤维支气管镜bronchoscopy13230 12272 清除率clearance13273 715274 流行病学epidemiological130251 323276 支气管炎患者bronchitis1290 52278 杆菌bacilli12992 42 279 气管插管intubation128105 61 280 出院patients127163 70282 传染性非典型肺炎sars127 3 88284 淋巴细胞亚群lymphocyte12516 155286 氧分oxygen125 3 283 287 恢复patients1251274 70 288 氧分压oxygen12538 283290 分泌cells124379 114292 饱和度patients123148 70294 拮抗剂antagonist12298 368296 衣原体chlamydia12250 56298 呼吸机相关性肺炎pneumonia12127 153300 顺应性compliance12133 1530 301 通气功能ventilation1200 449 302 基础疾病diseases12027 26304 气管内intratracheal119 5 16306 呼吸频率respiratory11830 387308 布地奈德budesonide1179 35 309 igg抗体igg1160 69 310 介入interventional116205 62312 静脉blood115119 84314 分枝杆菌mycobacterium11524 71316 嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophils11436 62318 尘肺患者pneumoconiosis1130 16320 亚胺培南imipenem11330 75322 弥漫性diffuse11226 487324 头孢他啶ceftazidime11134 72326 上皮cells11043 114328 真菌感染fungal11025 287330 肺脏lung10817 94332 细菌性bacterial10712 226334 良性benign106116 236336 例急性acute1060 314338 痰培养sputum10520 56340 生存patients104356 70342 创伤traumatic104128 123344 支气管动脉栓塞bronchial1030 50346 尘肺病pneumoconiosis10213 16348 头孢吡肟cefepime10115 66350 呼吸机相关性ventilator-associated1010 3352 细菌感染bacterial10157 226 353 变应原allergen100 5 106 354 哌拉西林piperacillin10018 52356 核细胞cells990 114358 x线胸片x-ray987 38360 面罩mask9838 860 361 瘦素水平leptin98 5 300 362 栓塞患者embolism970 52364 腺苷adenosine9653 215366 重症肺炎pneumonia9515 153368 道壁airway950 78370 肺灌洗lavage940 52372 支气管内膜endobronchial940 13374 痰标本sputum938 56 375 间质性肺炎interstitial9226 316 376 膈肌diaphragm9127 441378 用力肺活量fvc91 3 10380 患者气道airway910 78382 肺炎克雷伯菌pneumoniae9034 49 383 卵蛋白ovalbumin90 3 96 384 增厚thickening9067 46386 氨溴索ambroxol9013 22388 胸液effusion890 52390 例老年elderly890 55392 穿刺biopsy88118 200394 创伤性traumatic87 5 123396 机相关ventilator-associated860 3398 肺动脉压pulmonary86 4 250400 阳性细胞cells8530 114402 哮喘发病机制asthma850 234404 肺泡炎alveolitis84 5 5406 葡萄球菌staphylococcus84128 148408 重构remodeling83264 99410 巴坦tazobactam820 26412 肺组织病理lung800 94414 舒巴坦sulbactam8020 31416 性细胞cells79 4 114418 最大maximal79874 136420 痰涂片smear799 290422 就诊patients78166 70424 结节病sarcoidosis779 80426 病理改变pathological7760 198 427 吸烟者smokers779 0 428 嗜酸eosinophils769 62430 血清瘦素水平leptin75 3 300432 随机对照randomized7521 106434 血白细胞blood748 84 435 嗜麦芽maltophilia740 13 436 x线表现x-ray74 3 38438 麦芽maltophilia7454 13440 莫西沙moxifloxacin740 41442 咯血患者hemoptysis740 35444 莫西沙星moxifloxacin7312 41446 支镜bronchoscopy730 12448 白三烯leukotriene7218 98 449 致病菌bacteria72212 349 450 医院内nosocomial720 61452 纵隔mediastinal7150 48454 失败failure71446 469456 温石棉chrysotile70 3 10 457 病因causes70343 61 458 上清液supernatant70623 899460 栓塞治疗embolization697 42462 名健康healthy690 89464 重型severe6959 469466 康复期patients689 70468 卡氏pneumocystis680 27470 肺部真菌fungal680 287472 病理学pathological67157 198474 嗜酸粒细胞eosinophils6713 62476 膈疝hernia66 4 34478 细胞数cells6631 114480 结核菌tuberculosis6521 240编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度481 喘息asthmatic6528 28482 依从compliance658 1530 483 免疫治疗immunotherapy6531 22484 功能衰竭failure658 469486 单核细胞monocyte64167 117488 山莨菪碱anisodamine6411 10490 反应性responsiveness6469 160 491 肺炎组pneumonia630 153 492 红细胞blood62245 84494 纤维支气管镜检查bronchoscopy62 4 12496 血清总ige ige610 13498 冠心病disease61543 138500 阴影shadow6182 144502 蛋白沉积proteinosis60 4 2504 救治patients6041 70506 细胞和cells600 114508 结核抗体tuberculosis607 240510 疫苗vaccine60241 201512 健康者healthy598 89514 感染者infection5943 316516 吸入治疗inhalation580 240518 病原体pathogens58132 265520 感染组infection58 5 316522 变应性哮喘asthma570 234524 杯状细胞goblet5714 37526 炎症介质inflammatory5757 528528 哮喘急性发作期asthma560 234530 哮喘治疗asthma560 234532 性假瘤inflammatory560 528534 吸烟组smoking550 32536 地塞米松组dexamethasone55 3 153 537 第二second55412 163 538 纤维化程度fibrosis550 109540 尿激酶治疗urokinase540 31542 金属蛋白酶metalloproteinas5321 0544 弹性蛋白酶elastase538 56546 依从性compliance5383 1530548 凝血酶thrombin5251 146550 抗菌药物antibiotics52122 247552 沙美特罗salmeterol52 5 20554 糖皮质激素治疗glucocorticoid520 109556 气管切开tracheotomy5148 12558 人工artificial51573 310560 患者痰sputum510 56562 为sars sars510 88564 革兰阳性gram-positive50 4 46566 中度哮喘asthma500 234568 哮喘发作期asthma500 234570 细胞内cells5083 114572 全血blood5030 84 573 发作期哮喘asthma490 234 574 阿米卡amikacin490 51576 功能不全patients4912 70578 前胶原procollagen48 3 22580 咳痰expectoration4846 16 编号中文英文使用频率中文查询度英文查询度582 支气管哮喘发作asthma480 234583 羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline4826 62584 特异性igg igg480 69586 慢性炎症inflammation4719 346588 糖皮质激素受体glucocortico478 109590 黏液mucus4718 117592 重度哮喘asthma470 234594 ards模型ards460 25596 克雷伯杆菌klebsiella46 6 64 597 肺顺应性compliance46 3 1530 598 减低patients4636 70600 血液中blood46 5 84602 肺移植lung468 94604 受体激动剂agonist4516 403 605 肺泡上皮alveolar450 118 606 重建remodeling45184 99608 血清il-8il-8450 7610 肺孢子虫pneumocystis450 27611 抗凝anticoagulation4586 49612 罗红霉素roxithromyci4579 61614 卡介苗bcg4552 29616 胸部x x450 74 617 病例组patients4522 70 618 血清ige ige440 13619 母牛分枝杆菌mycobacterium440 71620 分辨率hrct441167 5621患者年龄patients44 5 70 622 疑似suspected4474 99624 支扩bronchiectasis440 28625 形态lung441281 94 626 气雾剂aerosol4462 299628 纤溶fibrinolysis4427 43630 性疾病disease44 3 138632 调节性regulatory4312 806 633 军团菌legionella4337 46 634 特异性抗体antibody4319 147636 控制通气ventilation430 449638 序贯疗法sequential4311 599640 不明unknown4235 41 641 合胞syncytial420 52 642 脓胸empyema4214 21644 肺匀浆lung420 94646 盐酸氨溴索ambroxol4212 22648 lps刺激lps420 104 649 心衰failure4259 469 650 头孢呋辛cefuroxime4224 55652 矽肺病silicosis42 4 19654 支气管肺lung410 94656 特布他林terbutaline4110 30658 转阴negative4113 1247659 地塞米松治疗dexamethasone410 153660 型前胶原procollagen410 22662 支气管镜bronchoscope4120 2664 球菌cocci4144 45666 渗出性exudative417 19668 衣原体感染chlamydia41 4 56670 炎症性inflammatory4013 528672 孢子虫carinii4010 10674 复张recruitment400 539676 疫情tuberculosis3996 240678 复查patients39190 70680 氏肺孢子虫carinii390 10682 转归outcome3985 864684 单克隆antibody3938 147686 hrct表现hrct390 5688 粒细胞cells3828 114 689 志愿者healthy38320 89 690 进行性progressive3835 468692 吸入性inhalation38 4 240694 动脉栓塞术embolization380 42。