2004-2013武汉大学、湖北联考博士英语作文
2004-高考英语试题作文及范文汇总(湖北卷)
2004年湖北卷二班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。
讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。
注意：1．文章的起始句已给出；2．词数：100左右（不包括已给的起始句）；3．参考词汇：基础—foundation 汉语拼音—Chinese pinyinThe students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood .范文：The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood . Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood . As little boys and girls have a very good memory ,they can learn a lot of English words by heart . This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning . But others do not agree . Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school . If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time , it will be very easy for them to mix them up . This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning . In short , the students have not arrived atany agreement yet .2005年湖北卷你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。
湖北考博英语作文
湖北考博英语作文As a student from Hubei province, I believe that pursuing a doctoral degree is a significant milestone in one's academic and professional journey. The process of preparing for the doctoral entrance exam is not easy, but it is a rewarding experience that helps to deepen one's knowledge in a specific field and develop critical thinking skills.The exam itself is a challenging test of one's academic abilities and research potential. It requires a thorough understanding of the subject matter, strong analytical skills, and the ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and concisely.In addition, the doctoral entrance exam also tests one's ability to conduct independent research and contribute original insights to the field. This is a crucial aspect of the doctoral program, as it prepares students to become experts in their chosen field and make meaningful contributions to society through their research.Overall, the process of preparing for and taking the doctoral entrance exam is a rigorous but rewarding experience that helps students to grow academically and professionally. It is a valuable opportunity to demonstrate one's knowledge, skills, and potential as a researcher, and to pursue one's passion for learning and discovery.作为湖北省的学生，我认为攻读博士学位是一个人学术和职业生涯中的重要里程碑。
2004-2013武汉大学、湖北联考博士英语作文
2004年湖北省联考作文：Should All College Courses Be Specifically Related To a Future Occupation? 2005年湖北省联考作文：Holiday Economy2006年湖北省联考作文：My View on Internet2007年湖北省联考作文：University Tuition System in China2008年湖北省联考作文：Private Schools in China2009年湖北省联考作文：Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance?2010年湖北省联考作文：Innovation Consciousness of Ph.D.Students in China2011年湖北省联考作文：Information Explosion2012年湖北省联考作文：The Purpose of Higher Education2004年武大作文：My View on Terrorist Explosions in Some Countries2005年武大作文：If I Were the Mayor of This City2006年武大作文：Which Is Better,a Talk or an E-mail?2007年武大作文：Information Technology:a Mixed Blessing2008年武大作文：Dissatisfactions Propel the Society Forward2009年武大作文：Will Computers Replace Schools?2010年武大作文：Who Are To Blame for the Emergence of The NEET Group in China,Parents or Children?2011年武大作文：The Purpose of University Education Is to Cultivate a Creative Mind2012年武大作文：Should Academic Studies Be Oriented Only to the Needs of the Society and the Government without Considering Personal Interests?2013年武大作文：E-mail And Face-to-Face Conversation,Which Is Better?。
2004年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2004年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Reading Comprehension（30%）Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C., and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:All types of stress study, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain.The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appropriate areas, whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain. Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automatic—as with typing, for instance, it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then thetypist’s fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. T o overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fails. Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events. A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.1. According to the brain blood flow studies, problem solving ______.A. increases blood flow in some areas of the brainB. causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brainC. demands intense concentration of blood in certain areasD. is based on the ability to recite the time2. The author believes that ______.A. the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situationsB. the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill upC. the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations can be closedby proper reasoningD. the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will bereduced3. When a typist gets tired, ______.A. she has to try hard to raise her automaticB. she can type only automaticallyC. she cannot think about what she is doingD. she can seldom type automatically4. Examining bottles of wine is hard work because ______.A. the bottles must be held upside downB. it is difficult to see the particles of dirtC. it requires high level of automaticD. most bottles are all right5. According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is ______.A. the subject’s knowledge of grammarB. the amount of sleep the subject has hadC. the level of arousal of the subjectD. the extent to which the subject has been taught to reason【答案与解析】1.B 第二段中解决问题会使脑部血液的分布produces much larger changes，B项符合文意。
湖北考博英语作文
Hubei's Doctoral Entrance Exam: Challenges and Opportunities for English Proficiency The Doctoral Entrance Exam in Hubei province, China, is a pivotal milestone for many aspiring scholars. This exam not only评估s an individual's学术proficiency but also measures their dedication, perseverance, and adaptability to rigorous academic environments. Among the various sections of the exam, the English composition often poses a significant challenge to many candidates, requiring a high level of linguistic proficiency and critical thinking skills.The English composition section of the Hubei Doctoral Entrance Exam demands a profound understanding of the English language, including vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to communicate ideas clearly and coherently, using appropriate language and tone. This section often requires candidates to analyze a given topic from multiple perspectives, synthesize information, and present a well-argued position.One of the key challenges in preparing for this section is the wide range of potential topics. Candidates must be prepared to tackle topics that span various academic disciplines, from science and technology to social sciences and humanities. This requires a diverse knowledge base and the ability to quickly adapt to new and unfamiliar topics. To excel in the English composition section of the Hubei Doctoral Entrance Exam, candidates need to focus on enhancing their English proficiency through regular practice. Reading and writing in English on a regular basis helps improve vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Additionally, candidates should familiarize themselves with different types of essays and learn how to structure their arguments effectively.Practicing with sample essays and past exam papers is also crucial. This helps candidates understand the format and requirements of the exam and identify areas where they need to improve. Moreover, seeking feedback from teachers or peers can help candidates identify weaknesses in their writing and develop strategies to address them.Despite the challenges, the English composition section of the Hubei Doctoral Entrance Exam presents an opportunity for candidates to showcase their English proficiency and critical thinking skills. By investing time and effort in preparation, candidates can turn this section into astrength and increase their chances of success in the exam. **湖北考博英语作文：挑战与机遇**中国湖北省的考博，对于许多有志于学术研究的学者来说，是一个重要的里程碑。
武汉大学考博英语作文
武汉大学考博英语作文As I stand on the precipice of embarking on a doctoral journey at Wuhan University, I am filled with a mixture of anticipation and reflection. The path to this point has been a mosaic of academic rigor, personal growth, and a steadfast commitment to my field of study. This essay aims to encapsulate my motivations, aspirations, and the significance of pursuing a Ph.D. in English at one of China's most prestigious institutions.Motivations for Choosing Wuhan UniversityWuhan University's reputation for academic excellence is unparalleled, with its rich history and commitment to nurturing the next generation of scholars. The university's faculty, with their diverse expertise and international recognition, is a compelling factor that drew me to this esteemed academic community. Moreover, the university's research facilities and collaborative opportunities align perfectly with my research interests in linguistics and literature.Academic Background and Research InterestsMy academic journey has been a testament to my passion for the English language and its vast cultural implications. With a Bachelor's degree in English Literature and a Master's in Applied Linguistics, I have developed a solid foundation incritical analysis, theoretical understanding, and empirical research. My research interests lie at the intersection of language acquisition, cognitive linguistics, and cross-cultural communication. I am particularly intrigued by the ways in which language shapes and reflects societal norms and individual identities.Research ProposalFor my Ph.D., I propose to investigate the role of metaphorical language in intercultural communication, focusing on how it can either facilitate or hinder mutual understanding between speakers of different linguistic backgrounds. This research will contribute to the field by providing insights into the cognitive processes underlying metaphor interpretation and by offering pedagogical implications for English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction.Career Goals and Contributions to Wuhan UniversityUpon completion of my Ph.D., I envision myself as an educator and researcher, contributing to the academic community through teaching and scholarly publications. My goal is to bridge the gap between theoretical linguistics and practical language teaching, enhancing the learning experience for students at Wuhan University and beyond. I am committed to engaging with the local and international community, promoting cultural exchange, and fostering a deeper understanding of the complexities of language in our globalized world.ConclusionIn conclusion, my pursuit of a Ph.D. at Wuhan University is driven by a deep-seated desire to contribute to the field of linguistics and to the broader academic community. I am eager to immerse myself in the intellectual environment that Wuhan University provides, to grow as a scholar and an individual, and to leave a lasting impact on the field of English studies. It is with great enthusiasm and a sense of purpose that I prepare to embark on this next chapter of my academic career.。
武汉大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题
武汉大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题Part I: Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions：In this part for the test，there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage isfollowed by 4 questions or unfinished statement，and each question or unfinished statement is followedby four choices marked A，B，C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corre- sponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitionsused by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census official distinguishedthe nation’s urban from its “rural” population for the first time. “Urban population” was de-fined as persons living in towns of 8，000 inhabitants or more. But after 1900 it meant per-sons living in incorporated places having 2，500 or more inhabitants.Then in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of “urban” to accountof the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living incorporated units of2，500 or more, the census now included those who lived in unincorporated units of thatsize, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incorpo-rated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50，000 inhabitants or more. Eachsuch unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large population nu-cleus was named a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).Each SMSa would contain at least one central city with 50，000 inhabitants or more ortwo cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social pur-poses, a single community with a combined population of at least 50，000, the smaller ofwhich must have a population of at least 15，000. Such an area included the country inwhich the central city is located, and adjacent countries that are found to be metropolitan incharacter arid economically and socially integrated with the country of the central city. By1970，about two-thirds of the population of the United States was living in these urbanizedareas, and of that figure more than half were living outside the central cities While the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSa (by1969 there were 233 of them)，social scientists were also using new term to describe the e-lusive vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple “town” and u cit- iesa host of terms came into use: “metropolitan regions”，“polynucleated p opulationgroups”，“conurbations”，“metropolitan clusters”，“megalopolises”，and so on.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How cities in the United States began and developed?巳.Solutions to overcrowding in citiesC. The changing definition of an urban areaA. How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census?2. Prior to 1900, how many inhabitants would a town has to have before being definedas urban?A. 500B. 8, 000C. 15, 000D. 50, 0003. According to the passage, why did the Census Bureau revise the definition of urbanin 1950?A. City borders had become less distinct.B. Cities had undergone radical social change.C. Elected officials could not agree on an acceptable definition.D. New businesses had relocated to larger cities.4. Which of the following is NOT true of an SMSA?A. It has a population of at least 50, 000.B. It can include a city’s outlying regions.C. It can include unincorporated regions.D. it consists of at least two cities.Passage 2The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areasand arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons thanreal life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nation especially sincesci-entists have warned that the human race will outgrow its flesh was supply faster than it runsout of food.Glaciers are as a possible source of fresh water that has been overlooked recently.Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, reservoir of un-tapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1，000years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7, 659 trillion metric tons ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of themfrom Antarctica.Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself free-zes；rather they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over thesea. As they drift away from the Polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in adirection opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 de-grees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To corral them and steer them to parts ofthe world where they are needed would not be too difficult.The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapidmeltingin warmer climates and the tunneling of fresh water to shore in great volume. But even if theicebergs lost half of their volume, the water they could provide would be far cheaper thanthat produced by desalination, or removing salt from water.5. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The movement of glaciersB. Icebergs as a source of fresh waterC. Future water shortagesD. The future of the world’s rivers6. How ale icebergs formed?A. They bread off from glaciers.巳.Seawater freezes.C. Rivers freeze.A. Small pieces of flowing ice converge7. With which of the following ideas would the author be likely to agree?A. Towing icebergs to dry areas is economically possible.巳.Desalination of water is the best way to obtain drinking water.C. Using water from icebergs is a very short-term solution to water shortages.A. Icebergs could not be towed very far before they would melt.8. It can be inferred from the passage that most icebergs _____________ .A. become part of glaciersB. drill toward the polar regionC. move in whichever direction the wind is blowingD. melt in the oceansPassage 3There are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called additive, sits with three basic colors and adds them together to produce some other color. The sec-ond method, called subtractive, starts with white light (a mixture of all colors in the spec-trum) by taking away some or all other colors, leaves the one desired.In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other col-ors. The three additive primary colors are green, red, and blue (each proving about one-third the wavelengths in the total spectrums). Mixed in varying proportions, they can pro-duce all colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow, red and blue light mix to pro- duce magenta, green and blue mix to produce cyan. When equal parts of all three of theseprimary-colored beams of light overlap, the mixture appears white to the eye.In the subtractive process colors are produced when dye (as in paint or color photo-graph materials) absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on only part of the spectra. The subtractive primaries are cyan (a bluish green)，magenta (a purplish pink), and yellow；these are the pigments or dyes that absorb red, green, and blue wavelengths, re-spectively, thus subtracting them into white light. These dye colors are the complementarycolors to the three additive primaries of red, green, and blue. Properly combined, the subtractive primaries can absorb all colors of light, producing black. But, mixed in varyingproportions, they too can produce any color in the spectrum.Whether a particular color is obtained by adding colored lights together or by subtrac-ting, some light from the total spectrum, the result looks the same to the eye. The additiveprocess was employed for early color photography. But the subtractive method, while re-quiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basisof all modern color films.9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “passes on” as used inparagraph 3?A. Judges 巳.Let through C. Dies D. Goes over10. Which of the following is NOt a pair of additive, and subtractive primary colors?A. Yellow and blueB. Magenta and greenC. Black and whiteD. Cyan and red11. What explanation is given for the use of the subtractive method in modem colorfilms?A. Subtractive colors are more realistic.巳.The subtractive process is more efficient.C. Additive chemical techniques are too complex.D. The additive process is still being developed.12. How is the passage organized?A. The reasons for a choice are explained in depth.B. a general statement is justified by a series of historical examples.C. Two basic causes are compared. .D. Related processes are described one after the other.Passage 4The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative land-scape ever since Karl Capek，a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play Possum’s Universal Robots (The word robot comes from the Czech word “drudgery”，Ro-berta. )Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on to theme, from the sultry False Mona in Fritz Lang’s silent masterpiece Metropolis to the withering C3PO in StarWars and the ruthless assassin of Terminator. Humanoid robots have walked into our col-lective subconscious coloring our views of the future.But now Japan’s industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots real-ity. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda intro-duced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years walked sofluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues tomake the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October，when Asimo was induc-ted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh，it walked on to the stag and accepted its ownplaque.At two and a half feet tall, Sony’s QRIo is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If itfalls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect senselessly totheinterpreter and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003，Sony demonstrated anupgraded QRIo Rat could run. Honda responded last December win a version of Asimothat runs at twice the speed.In 2004, Toyota joined the fray win its own family of robots, called Partners, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument valves,and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to over commercial version ofthe robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Ja-pan.Despite their sudden proliferation, however，humanoids are still a mechanic minority.Most of the world’s robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, making more machines. Ac-cording to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the firsthalf of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigatingvacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which at selling fast. But neither in-dustrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.13. In paragraph 1 the author introduces his topic by relating.A. the idea of humanoid robotsB. Karl Capek’s creation of robotsC. Hollywood’s production of robot filmsD. the origin of and popular movies about robots14. Sony’s QRIo could perform all the following tasks EXCEPt.A. walking earners freelyB. understanding some words uttered by peopleC. finding its wayD. continuing walking after it stumbles15. From the passage we may infer that Toyota’s Partner_____________.A. is much better than any other robots巳.is no more than a mechanic deviceC. may be put into mass productionD. may speak like man16. Judging from the context, this passage is probably written.A. in 2004B. in 2005C. between 2003—2004D. between 2004—2005Passage 5For years pediatricians didn’t worry much about heating hypertension in their patients.After all, kids grow so fast，it’s hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their bloodpressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine theycould wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use?The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things maybe they’ll grow out of thistoo.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in child-hood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 130 children with highblood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for youngerpatients as well，” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study atChildren’s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But if worrisome. ”Who’s most at risk? Boys more than gir ls, especially boys who are overweight. Theirheart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow denser. Then, after decades of straining it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately theabnormal, thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case getting that bloodpressure under control through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treat- ment allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670，000 American children ages 10 to 18 withhigh blood pressure? It’s not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child’s arms ina cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by adoctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure fora particular child’s age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will re- peat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn’t fake. He’ll also check,whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the sources of the trouble. Be- cause hypertension can be hard to detect the National Heart, Lung Blood Institute recom-mends annual blood-pressure checks for every child over age 3.About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight.And theproblem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in to U. S.whoare overweight has doubled, from 5 % to 11%or 4. 7 million kids.You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food fromyourpantry and hooking you kids —the earlier the betters healthy, attractive snacks likefruits(try freezing grapes or carrot sticks with salsa). Not only will they lower your children’sblood pressure: these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog theirplumb-ing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playgroup than with theirplay station. Even if they don’t shed a pound, vigorous exercise will he keep their bloodvessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course they’ll be morelikelyto eat light and exercise if you set a good example.17. The word “ unclog’’ in the last paragraph can be replaced by______________ .A. fixB. clearC. hinderD. dismantle18. By saying “it’s not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child’s armin acuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery”，the writer implies _______________ .A. hypertension is hard to detect.巳.children often revue to have their blood pressure tested.C. you’ll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child’s blood pressurechecked in a grocery.D. in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child’s bloodpres-sure examined.19. Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A. Drug Treatments 巳.Weight loss C. Exercise D. Overwork20. We can conclude from the passage that ____________ .A. children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and stroke.巳.parent’s blood pressure decides their children’s blood pressure.C. besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertension.D. vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart trouble.Part II: English-Chinese Translation (20%)Directions: Read the following passage and there translate the underlined parts numbered from(1 ) to (4) , from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.[21 ] Half way through the semester in this market res㊀arch course at Roanok Collegelast fall，only moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance for cellphone use in theclassroom. Prof. Ali Nazemi heard a ring. Then he spotted a young man named NeilRo-land fumbling with his phone，thing to turn it off before being caught.“Neil, can I see that phone?” Professor Nazemi said, more in a command than aquestion. The student surrendered it. Professor Nazemi opened his briefcase,produced ahammer and proceeded to smash the offending device. Throughout the classroomstudentfaces went ashen.“How am I going to call my Mom now?” Neil asked. As Professor Sem i refuses toan-swer, a classmate offered, “You can sue. ’’[22]One thing we should be clear about was the episode in his classroom had beerplotted and scripted ahead of time with Neil Noland part of the plot all along. The phonewas an ㊀xtra of his mother’s，its service contract long expired.Professor Nazemi, in a telephone interview last week, attested to the exasperation ofcountless teachers and professors in the computer era. Their permanent war of attritionwith defiantly inattentive students has escalated from the pursuit of pigtail-pulling，spitball-lobbing and notebook-doodling to a high-tech arsenal of laptops, cellphones, Blackberriesand the like.The poor school teacher or master now must compete with texting instant-messaging,Facebook, eBay YouTube, addictinggames. com and other poxes on pedagogy.“There are certain lines you shouldn’t cross,” the professor said. “If you start tolera-ting this stuff, it becomes the norm. The more you give, the more they take. Multitasking isgood, but I want the m to do more tasking in my class. ”[23]All the advances schools and colleges have made to supposedly enhance learn-ing - supplying students with laptops equipping computer labs, creating wireless networkshave instead enabled distraction. Perhaps attendance records should include a new cate-gory: present but otherwise engaged.Naturally, there will be manly students and no small number of high-tech supporterready to lay the blame on boring lessons. One of the great condemnations in education jar-gon these days, after all, is the ^teacher-centered lesson”.[24]“I am so tired of that excuse,” said Professor 巳ugeja，may he live a long andfruitful life. “The idea that subject matter is boring is truly relative.巳oring as opposed to what? Buying shoes on ㊀巳ay? The fa ct is we’re not here to entertain. We’re here to stimu-late the life of the mind. ”“Education requires contemplation,n he continued. “It requires critical thinking. Whatwe may be doing now is training a generation of air-traffic controllers rather than scholars.And i do know I’m going to lose. MNot，one can only hope, without fight.In the end, as science-fiction writers have prophesied for years, the technology is bound to outwit the fallible human. What teacher or professor can possibly police room fullof determined goof-offs while also delivering an engaging lesson?Part III: Chinese-English Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following paragraphs from Chinese into English. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。
湖北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题2013年.doc
湖北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题2013年(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：20.00)The new documentary Bully is powerful stuff. Try to get through even just the opening sequence without tearing up. Hopefully it will wake up parents, teachers, and school administrators. But let's also hope they respond thoughtfully to this burning film, because too often in our rush to address a problem, American educators and politicians have a well-intentioned overreaction that minimizes common sense in favor of blanket solutions. Many schools in the United States are genuinely trying to curb child-on-child abuse and, at long last, are paying more attention to the cruel, unpleasant remarks. But at the same time, we have to remember that not every unpleasant, or even adverse, interaction between students constitutes bullying. In some places, anti-bullying policies are now so expansive that they make eye-rolling a punishable Offense, lumping it in with other forms of verbal and physical assault. Doing so not only takes a serious issue to the realm of the absurd, it also dilutes the importance of anti-bullying efforts in general. If everything is bullying, then nothing is. Some kids have already figured out how to turn the new system on its head. In some schools' zeal to address bullying, every claim is immediately elevated beyond the classroom teacher to a meeting with the principal. A parent in California said that last month that an elementary-school bully began threatening to report her victims as bullies so they would have to suffer through such a meeting—and in effect creating a bullying hall of mirrors. We've been here before. Weapons and drugs in schools are a serious problem, too. In response, school districts, states, and the federal government began to favor zero-tolerance policies. In short order, "zero-tolerance" policies became the joking point for late-night comics as kids were suspended for bringing to school aspirin, acne medicine, or a G. I. Joe doll with a small plastic gun. The obvious lesson there and with bullying is that there is no substitute for discretion and judgment by the adults in charge. In some circumstances, eye-rolling could be abusive behavior just as aspirin can be used or abused. But adults shouldn't give up the hard role of making nuanced judgment calls by creating ridiculously rigid discipline codes. Replacing thoughtless inaction with thoughtless action won't solve the problem. （分数：4.00）(1).What does the author say about people's reaction to bullying? （分数：1.00）A.They wake up thoughtfully.B.They demonstrate little common sense.C.They attach importance to the film.D.They go too far.(2).What is the strategy of the kids in dealing with anti-bullying policies? （分数：1.00）A.To assault the principal at the meeting.B.To turn the classroom into a wall of mirrors.C.To pay attention to kids' verbal remarks.D.To render them ineffective by abusing bullying.(3).The "zero-tolerance" policies towards drugs and weapons ended up being ______. （分数：1.00）A.elevatedB.suspendedC.ridiculedD.condemned(4).The word "there" in the first line of the last paragraph refers to ______. （分数：1.00）A.with eye-rolling and punishable offensesB.with verbal and physical assautC.with aspirin and acne medicineD.with drugs and weaponsOur stomachs can often be a mystery to us and many of us don't realize just how much the food we eat can impact on our mood and mental well-being. According to charity Allergy UK, a shocking 45% of us suffers with food and drink intolerances, beverage—this is called food intolerance. Food intolerance is a much more common problem than food allergy and one of the most harmful symptoms can be low mood. 1 in 4 people in the UK will suffer problems with their mood or mental health every year, with anti-depressant prescriptions increasing by over 40% in the last 5 years. Recent research from York Test Laboratories, leading experts in food intolerance testing, has found that 97% of their customers reported problems relating to mood as a significant symptom of their food intolerance, of which 73% felt that their mood had significantly improved after altering their diets to remove foods to which they reacted. In addition, in a recent paper published in the Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, over 81% of patients reported a significant improvement in mood and mental well- being as a direct consequence of applying the dietary changes recommended by York Test. So how is it that the food we eat can have such a significant impact on our mood? Bidirectional connections between the gut and the brain are complex and are regulated in the body in three different ways: through nerves, hormones and the immune system. The gut mediates the body's immune response; at least 70 per cent of our immune system is situated in the gut and is used to expel and kill foreign invaders. Our gut contains some 100 million neurons (nerve cells), more than in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system. All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings. Our gut partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body. Many people will not be aware that 90% of serotonin(血清素), the brain's "happy hormone" is produced in the gut—it is for these reasons that the gut is often referred to as the 'second brain'. In addition, research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal (肠胃的) inflammation—a common symptom of food intolerance. By tackling unidentified food intolerances, not only will physical symptoms benefit, but mental health symptoms can often show significant improvement. There are a number of ways to identify potentially mood suppressing food intolerances. One that I recommend is scientifically validated and well researched is York Test. Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers, allowing people to simply modify their diets with life changing health benef （分数：4.00）(1).The over 40 % increase of anti-depressant prescriptions in the last 5 years in the UK was attributed to ______. （分数：1.00）A.food intoleranceB.foreign invadersC.food allergyD.food triggers(2).Which is NOT one of the reasons why the gut is often referred to as the "second brain"? （分数：1.00）A.Our gut contains more nerve cells than in the spinal cord.B.The neurons in the gut contribute solely to effective digestion.C.90% of the brain's "happy hormone" is produced in the gut.D.Certain diseases result from our digestive system.(3).What frequently has a causal connection with depression? （分数：1.00）A.A psychiatric disorder.B.Bidirectional treatment.C.Gastrointestinal inflammation.D.Unidentified physical problems;(4).What is the purpose in one's taking YorkTest? （分数：1.00）A.To validate the scientific research.B.To detect the source of food intolerance.C.To invent a modification of life style.D.To prescribe anti-depressant drugs.The plan to allow the reading public to rent e-books, much as they rent movies, has proved so much more contentious than its pioneer, the former Waterstones managing director Tim Coates, had hoped. That publishers are very cautious of the idea of his new Bilbary e-rental venture, which launched this week, is perhaps not entirely surprising: although the e-rentals automatically delete themselves when the borrowing time expires, they fear the scheme might harm sales. Less controversial, however, is Mr Coates' generous pledge to donate a good chunk of Bilbary's profits to campaigns to keep open libraries threatened by government budget cuts. Hundreds of the nation's 4,000 public libraries are at risk; and campaigners' attempts to persuade courts and councils to keep them open are largely failing. Closing libraries is inevitable, the argument goes, in an era when two out of three British homes have a computer. But that is far from the whole story. While 200 million books are sold every year, more than 310 million are borrowed. The one-in-three homes without a computer are those of the nation's poorer children, many of whom live without even a table at which they can do their homework. It is with only the mildest exaggeration that Alan Bennett, the playwright and campaigner, describes the closure of libraries as an act of "child abuse". To some, the word "library" conjures only negative associations, an irrelevant anachronism in an increasingly digital world. But a good library is far more than just a place to store books. It is a gateway to knowledge, a place well able to adapt to the computer age and in doing so support the curiosity, study and research of new generations. There are, of course, some libraries that are unfit for purpose. But those that use digital technologies as an aide, rather than treat them as a threat, more than hold true to their core purpose. And those that have made the leap are seeing visitor numbers rise, not fall. Britain's libraries do not need closing but they may need changing. We can only hope that Mr. Coates' support can help many of them to do so. （分数：4.00）(1).The argument about the closing of libraries stems from ______. （分数：1.00）A.the fall of sale of booksB.the advent of digital technologiesC.the government budget cutD.the world economic recession(2).The word "anachronism" in Para. 5 might mean ______. （分数：1.00）A.chronological errorB.phonological errorC.etymological errorD.historical error(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （分数：1.00）A.Some people believe that libraries are out of date in digital age.B.In the UK, one out of three homes don't have computers.C.It is inevitable that digital libraries will replace the existing libraries.D.Some libraries need introducing digital technologies as an aide.(4).The author's attitude toward closing libraries can be described as ______. （分数：1.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.neutralMichael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sports Science at California State University, maintains that "genetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the righttraining we can go much further with that one third than we've been going. " Yessis believes that U. S. runners, despite their impressive achievements, are "running on their genetics". By applying more scientific methods, "they're going to go much faster". These methods include strength training as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union. Whereas most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power —the rate at which an athlete can expend energy. Nutrition is another area that sports trainers have failed to address adequately. "Many athletes are not getting the best nutrition, even through supplements, " Yessis insists. Each activity has its own nutritional needs. Few coaches, for instance, understand how deficiencies in trace minerals can lead to injuries. Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. "If we applied the Russian training model to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country," Yessis asserts, "they would be breaking records left and right. " One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion. A biomechanic films an athlete in action and then digitizes his performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. By applying Newton's laws to these motions, "we can say that this athlete's run is not fast enough; that this one is not using his arms strongly enough during take-off," says Dapena, who uses these methods to help high jumpers. To date, however, biomechanics has made only a small difference to athletic performance. Revolutionary ideas still come from the athletes themselves. For example, during the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, a relatively unknown high jumper named Dick Fosbury won the gold by going over the bar backwards, in complete contradiction of all the received high-jumping wisdom, a move instantly dubbed the Fosbury flop. Fosbury himself did not know what he was doing. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists, who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations. Fosbury also required another element that lies behind many improvements in athletic performance: an innovation in athletic equipment In the end, most people who examine human performance are humbled by the resourcefulness of athletes and the powers of the human body. "Once you study athletics, you learn that it's a vexing complex issue, " says John S. Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University. "Core performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher, faster, longer. So many variables enter into the equation, and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. We've got a long way to go, " For the foreseeable future, records will be made to be broken. （分数：4.00）(1).What is the contribution of plybmetrics? （分数：1.00）A.Speeding up the rate of athletes' metabolism.B.Making clear specifications of physical exercises.C.Perfecting the technique pioneered in breaking recordsD.Helping runners develop strength and endurance.(2).The purpose of employing biomechanics films is to ______. （分数：1.00）A.provide materials for sports film shootingB.highlight areas for improvement in athletesC.assess the fitness levels of potential athletesD.skim off promising athletes through analysis(3).As regards the study of athletics, John S. Raglin believes that it is ______. （分数：1.00）A.fundamentalB.challengingplicatedD.theoretical(4).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （分数：1.00）A.Invention of the Fosbury Flop.B.Exploration of Athletic Performance.C.Effect of nutrition and training.D.Importance of genetics.When the press release arrived in our inboxes, we knew what would happen next. A Nobel laureate had stated that antioxidant supplements "may have caused more cancers than they have prevented. " Even the most fad-friendly sections of the UK media were bound to cover the story. In reality, Professor James Watson was only restating what we at Cancer Research UK have been pointing out for years. Large studies have repeatedly shown that, with the possible exception of vitamin D, antioxidant supplements have negligible positive effect on healthy people, at least in terms of important things such as preventing people getting cancer or dying prematurely. And some supplements—notably vitamins A, E and beta- carotene—even seem to slightly raise the risk of disease and early death. It's a topic we at Cancer Research UK come back to again and again on our science blog and on our social media pages. But huge swatches of the public remain convinced that "antioxidant" is a byword for "healthy. " What's so interesting about the antioxidant myth is its wider cultural and social dimension. Why is this perception so hard to shift? And is there anything we can do about it? One possible reason for our firm attitudes is the widespread use of the word "antioxidants" in adverts proclaiming the health benefits of various foods and drinks. This isn't for want of regulation, and the Advertising Standards Authority have repeatedly upheld complaints about adverts that make unsupported claims about antioxidants'benefits. But the much weaker claim that a product merely "contains high levels of antioxidants" leaves health claims implicit, and keeps regulators at bay. A brand of "super- broccoli"—launched with much a public spectacle in late 2011—was bred to contain high levels of a chemical that ultimately, according to the product's website, "boosts our body's Antioxidant Enzyme levels. " So good it's capitalized. So the relentless drip-drip of health product advertising—particularly against a background of continual reports of Britain's ill-health—makes our trenchant hold on the antioxidants myth all the more understandable. We need this stuff, we're told. But there's probably a deeper reason for our collective refusal to swallow the bitter pill of scientific evidence. The actual, proven things that can reduce our risks of cancer, heart disease, diabetes—and all the other chronic nasties that come with an ageing population—are somewhat more uninteresting. Don't smoke. Stay in shape. Eat a balanced diet. Limit alcohol intake. Keep active. This is hard work. And as the resolution-filled new year kicks in, the exciting prospect of a healthier life is replaced by the realization that being healthy is a long-term project. Popping a pill instead of going to the gym is a tempting prospect for many of us. Confirmatory bias is a powerful thing. But the UK population is ageing, and likely to place a greater burden on the NHS in future. We owe it to ourselves, and those will be paying for our care, to make sure we're as healthy as possible for as long as possible. Putting our faith in a word, and a pill—however comforting it may sound —to do this for us is a mirage and a fallacy. Antioxidants do not prolong our lives nor prevent cancer, despite what we want to believe. （分数：4.00）(1).The reference to a Nobel laureate's comment on antioxidant supplements is to ______. （分数：1.00）A.introduce a topicB.reinforce an argumentC.enrich the descriptionD.confirm a hypothesis(2).What does the author say that leads to people's strong belief in antioxidants? （分数：1.00）A.The lack of regulation.B.The widespread insemination of medical knowledge.C.The "super-broccoli" story.D.The overwhelming health product commercials.(3).It can be concluded that people's collective belief in antioxidants is NOT based on ______. （分数：1.00）A.deeply-rooted cultural perceptionB.the continual reports of Britain's ill healthC.the existing proven knowledgeD.confirmatory biases(4).What is the author's opinion of taking antioxidant supplements? （分数：1.00）A.Keeping fit means building a mirage.B.Antioxidants provide a promising future prospect.C.Keeping fit involves more than taking antioxidants.D.Antioxidants can help stop ageing.二、Part Ⅱ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) earnestly attempts to measure which country will provide the best opportunities for a healthy, safe and prosperous life in the years ahead. Its quality-of-life index (21) the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveys how happy people say they are—to (22) determinants of the quality of life across countries. Being rich helps more than (23) else, but it is not all that (24) ; things like crime, trust in public institutions and the health of family life matter too. (25) , the index takes 11 statistically significant indicators into (26) They are a mixed bunch: some are (27) factors, Such as geography; others change only very slowly (28) time; and some factors depend on policies and the state of the world (29) . Despite the global economic crisis, times have in certain respects (30) been so good. Output growth rates have been (31) across the world, but income levels are at or near (32) highs. Life expectancy continues to (33) steadily and political freedoms have spread across the (34) . In other ways, however, the crisis has (35) a deep imprint on unemployment and personal (36) . After crunching its numbers, the EIU has Switzerland comfortably in the top spot, with Australia second. Small economies (37) the top ten, half of which are European. The Nordic countries shine, (38) the crisis-ridden south of Europe (Greece, Portugal and Spain) lags behind. The (39) European economies (Germany, France and Britain) do not do particularly well. America (40) back in 16th place. Despite their economic dynamism, none of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) scores impressively. Among the 80 countries covered, Nigeria comes last: it is the worst place for a baby to enter the world in 2013. （分数：20.00）A.relegatesB.addsC.abdicatesD.linksA.prejudicedB.objectiiveC.fairD.neutralA.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythingA.countsB.imploresC.diminishedD.waversA.In turnB.In retrospectD.In progressA.calculationB.accountC.implementationD.discountA.settledB.fixedC.controlledD.weightedA.onB.inC.forD.overA.atmosphereB.environmentC.economyD.wellbeingA.neverB.alreadyC.everD.yetA.acceleratingB.decliningC.recoveringD.withdrawingA.classicB.histrionicC.cubicD.historicA.increaseB.expandC.thriveD.expendA.spaceB.countryC.globeD.continentA.madeB.engravedC.createdD.leftA.securityB.invectiveC.invectiveD.scourgeA.stipulateB.distributeC.refuteA.whereasB.untilC.whereD.unlessA.highestrgestC.greatestD.richestA.recedesB.trailsnguishesD.twists三、Part Ⅲ English-Chine(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The UK has long prided itself on its road safety standards. Casualty figures are low compared with most other industrialized countries. But this positive record, coupled with the fact that the international trend continues downwards, is also why the first increase in road deaths for almost a decade should be a cause for concern. A breakdown of the 2010—11 figures shows where that concern could most usefully be directed. Deaths among drivers and passengers were up 6 per cent, with rural roads accounting for more of the rise than urban areas, and a disproportionate number of fatal accidents involving drivers under 24. The relatively high accident rate on rural roads has brought calls for a new speed limit in country areas of 40 mph. That is worth considering. There are many roads where the lack of a limit implicitly allows drivers to travel at 60 mph, even where the conditions should dictate otherwise. Arguments about the expense of new signs could be met by the introduction of a blanket limit on minor roads. Enforcement would, of course, be difficult. But the setting of a new norm would at the very least alert drivers to the dangers and foster greater caution. The number of fatal accidents involving younger drivers—it should really be no surprise that road accidents are the main cause of death among young adults—should raise questions once again about the rigor of the driving test. Consideration might also be given to whether, perhaps, the legal driving age should be raised. The downside, however, would also have to be weighed. Age may be less of a factor in accidents than inexperience, and any rise in the age at which someone may obtain a license could penalize those living in areas with poor public transport and encourage more teenagers to drive illegally. The most startling aspect of these statistics, though, is the 12 per cent rise in deaths among pedestrians. Many reasons could be advanced, not all of them related to worse behavior on the part of drivers. At least some of the increase could be attributable to technology, and the distractions of mobile devices and headphones. The danger that lurks when pedestrians are insufficiently aware of their surroundings should be spelt out more loudly and more often. There is another easy conclusion, too, that is being—but should not be drawn from the general rise in fatalities. Calls can already be heard, from MPs and others, for the Government to shelve its plan for a higher, 80 mph speed limit on motorways, or at least to put it to a Commons vote. Motorways, though, account for relatively few UK road deaths; rural roads are many times more dangerous. Concentrating on improvements to these secondary roads, and on pedestrian awareness everywhere, would be a better use of limited funds than reversing a sensible change that recognizes reality and improves enforcement. This is the message to be drawn from the latest road accident figures, and it should be heeded-even though it may not be what certain vocal groups of campaigners want to hear. （分数：15.00）(1).Arguments about the expense of new signs could be met by the introduction of a blanket limit on minor roads. Enforcement would, of course, be difficult. But the setting of a new norm would at the very least alert drivers to the dangers and foster greater caution.（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Age may be less of a factor in accidents than inexperience, and any rise in the age at which someone may obtain a license could penalize those living in areas with poor public transport and encourage more teenagers to drive illegally.（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Concentrating on improvements to these secondary roads, and on pedestrian awareness everywhere, would be a better use of limited funds than reversing a sensible change that recognizes reality and improves enforcement. （分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、Part Ⅳ Chinese-Engli(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1. 每逢新年，人们往往要定新年决心(New Year resolutions)。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2004年湖北省联考作文：Should All College Courses Be Specifically Related To a Future Occupation? 2005年湖北省联考作文：Holiday Economy
2006年湖北省联考作文：My View on Internet
2007年湖北省联考作文：University Tuition System in China
2008年湖北省联考作文：Private Schools in China
2009年湖北省联考作文：Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance?
2010年湖北省联考作文：Innovation Consciousness of Ph.D.Students in China
2011年湖北省联考作文：Information Explosion
2012年湖北省联考作文：The Purpose of Higher Education
2004年武大作文：My View on Terrorist Explosions in Some Countries
2005年武大作文：If I Were the Mayor of This City
2006年武大作文：Which Is Better,a Talk or an E-mail?
2007年武大作文：Information Technology:a Mixed Blessing
2008年武大作文：Dissatisfactions Propel the Society Forward
2009年武大作文：Will Computers Replace Schools?
2010年武大作文：Who Are To Blame for the Emergence of The NEET Group in China,Parents or Children?
2011年武大作文：The Purpose of University Education Is to Cultivate a Creative Mind
2012年武大作文：Should Academic Studies Be Oriented Only to the Needs of the Society and the Government without Considering Personal Interests?
2013年武大作文：E-mail And Face-to-Face Conversation,Which Is Better?。