2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技含解析

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初中科普知识与技术英语阅读

初中英语阅读：科普知识与现代技术（含答案）NO1.---未来的汽车NO2.一热空气占据更大空间NO3.一眼睛识别系统NO4.一网络科技的利弊NO5.—卫星气象NO6.一睡眠NO7.一智能服装NO8.一智能城市NO9.一大脑科学科普类文章是中考英语的常考题材，每年中考都有所涉及，这类文章的总特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。

解题时要注意：1.平时多阅读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇。

2.要熟悉科普文章的结构特点。

科普类文章一般由标题、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部份组成。

标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的中考命题情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要求选择标题。

导语一般位于文章的首段。

背景交待一个事实的起因。

主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，要把这部分作为重点。

结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常常在此设计一道推理判断题。

3.在进行推理判断时，一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

NO1.---未来的汽车On a sunny day last January, people got together at a parking lot in Las Vegas to see small vehicles that looked more like colorful eggs than ordinary cars. These vehicles were electric, ran on two wheels instead of four and held only two passengers. Thanks to their tiny size, six of the vehicles would fit in a parking spot. If the idea of parking such a small car makes you nervous, don’t worry: these cars can park themselves. And they can return to their owners when controlled by a button on a cellphone.The vehicle is called the EN-V(Electric Networked-Vehicle). It is built by General Motors, or GM, arid it points to what future vehicles might be like. It is designed to be energy-saving, solve environmental problems and help ease traffic jams, parking and safety concerns. The automaker says its next concept car^概念车)will help drivers get whatever they want. According to GM, the company has also designed an electric vehicle named Lean Machine. However, it is a small three-wheeler and this single-seater vehicle looks like a motorcycle. One day, such small, electric vehicles might safely carry people around，especially in crowded cities.Scientists and engineers are finding new ways to make cars safer, smarter and more efficient, oruse less energy. New cars may help you keep track of your health by reminding you to take medicine. If it’s elec tric, your car may send you a message reminding you to recharge it. Cars will talk to other cars, your computer, your phone and your iPa d. They’ll help drivers s ave energy, watch out for other drivers and avoid walkers on the streets.This is the future of vehicles: safer, smarter and more energy-saving. Besides, they might even drive themselves down the highway or through a city. You can sit back and enjoy the ride.1. Why did people get together at a parking lot?A.They wanted to see some colorful eggs.B.They came to see an unusual parking lot.C.They came to watch a kind of new vehicle.D.They were invited to drive some smart vehicles.2. According to Paragraph 3, future cars can do all of the following things EXCEPTA.running both on land and in waterB.helping keep track of your healthC.talking to other cars and your phoneD.saving energy and avoiding passers-by3. Both the EN-V and Lean Machine.A. have only two wheelsB. can hold two passengersC. are environment-friendlyD. look like a motorcycle4. The text is mainly about.A.a parking lotB.the future of carsC.the traffic rules in AmericaD.the functions of modern cars答案：1. C2. A3. C4. BNO2.—热空气占据更大空间Warm air needs more roomAs its temperature rises, air starts to act a little differently. Find out what happens to a ba1100n(气球)when the air inside it heats up with this fun science experiment for kids.What you will need.•An empty bottle• A balloon• A pot of hot water (not boiling)InstructionsI.Stretch（伸展）the balloon over the mouth of the empty bottle.2.Put the bottle in the pot of hot water. Let it stand for a few minutes and watch what happens.What is happening?As the air inside the balloon heats up, it starts to expand. The molecules（分子）begin to move faster and further apart form each other. This is what makes the ba lloon stretch. There is still the same amount of air inside the balloon and the bottle. It has just expanded as it heats up. Warm air therefore takes up more space than the s ame amount of cold air. It also weighs less than cold air occupying （占据）the same space. You might have seen this principle^ 理）in action if you’ve flown in or watched a hot air balloon1. What don’t you need?A. An empty bottle.B. A balloonC. A pot hot water.D. A cup.2. You should put in the pot of hot water.A.the bottleB. the balloonC. the cupD. the air3. What does the underlined word “ expand” mean?A.收缩B.膨胀C.运动D.远离4. When air is heated, what will happen?A.The molecules move slower and get together.B.The molecules will stop moving.C.The molecules move faster and further apart from each other.D.The molecules will get closer to each other.5. Where may you see the passage?A.On a science magazine for kidsB. In a storybookC. In a cartoon bookD. In an English book.答案：DABCANO3.一眼睛识别系统Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The programme works because everyone’s eyes are different. So in the future you won't have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are. The eye-recognition（眼睛识另ij） programme is tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain and Italy.Scientists are working on other systems, such as knowing you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! And machines can already tell who you are from your voice or your fingerprint （指纹）.But eye-recognition will replace other ways of finding out who you are. It is better, because your eyes don’t change as you get older, or get dirty like hands or fingers. And even twins have different eyes, so the programme can be up to 94% correct, depending on how good the technology is. In Britain, it was found that 91% of people said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

广东省2018中考英语三科普知识与现代技术;通讯一阅读理解b人教新目标版56

阅读理解BPassage 1(2016广州)Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food(using the sun's energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons — the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamp's batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50watt LED light for two hours —enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoain October 2015. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.1. What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1?A. They are difficult to use and create pollution.B. They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light.D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from________．A. plant foodB. plant wasteC. the soil's heatD. the sun's energy3. What is true about the Plant Lamp?A. It can be made by local people.B. It is much easier to use than oil lamps.C. It can produce all the electricity the village needs.D. The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.4. The Plant Lamp's inventor believes it could be most helpfulfor________．A. rainforest communitiesB. carsC. poor people in citiesD. farmers5. What is the purpose of the passage?。

中考英语真题分类汇编题型2完形填空专项训练三教育故事(含解析)

专项训练三教育故事时间：7～10分钟/篇分值：1分/小题Cloze 1(2018福州)The Goal of the MindIt was an unforgettable night. The noisy Mexico City gradually __1__. The main Olympic stadium was in darkness.__2__ he finished making the scenes that the marathon(马拉松赛跑)winners celebrated the victory, Greenspan, a world famous documentary producer, found the stadium __3__. He was leaving for the hotel when he suddenly saw a man running into the stadium. The man ran out of breath, __4__ he didn't stop. After he got to the goal, he fell down on the ground.Greenspan __5__ this was a marathon athlete, so he went over to ask why the athlete ran to the goal with such a difficulty. The young man replied，“That my __6__ sent me here is not to let me start of a race in the competition, but to make me __7__ the game. I have fallen behind all other runners, but I have a goal __8__ them. I will run to the goal because my motherland is watching me from behind.”Moved by what he said, Greenspan __9__ the most touching scene in the history of the Olympic Games to every corner of the world.Life should have a __10__ of reaching the peak(顶峰), yet the most important is not whether we can reach the peak but whether we have made the greatest efforts —to reach the goal in the mind is a success.( )1. A. slowed down B. calmed down C. put down( )2. A. Since B. Before C. After( )3. A. empty B. large C. bright( )4. A. so B. but C. and( )5. A. guessed B. hoped C. introduced( )6. A. coach B. friend C. country( )7. A. play B. watch C. complete( )8. A. for B. like C. against( )9. A. spread B. made C. recorded( )10. A. decision B. dream C. suggestionCloze 2(2018湘潭)In the tenth grade, I began volunteering at an animal hospital. I wanted to get experience for my future job. __1__， that particular(特别的) Saturday morning taught me something more important.The __2__ was in the middle of a poorer section of the city. One Saturday morning a man and his young __3__， who was about seven years old, walked in with a small cat in a box. I __4__ the cat had an eye problem, but the man could not __5__ the cost of the medicine. When he asked where the nearest the animal shelter(庇护所) was,his son __6__ and started to argue with his father. Just then, an old lady in the waiting room walked up to them. She said that she would pay for the cost. The man __7__ her and the son got to keep a healthy cat.I had __8__ thought it was the right thing to help out a person in need, but it was only seen on TV or in movies. The woman taught me that these things do __9__ in real life, and should happen more often. When I can't decide whether to help someone in need or not, I will remember that woman, and have the __10__ to do it.( )1. A. Anyway B. Besides C. However( )2. A. hospital B. school C. store( )3. A. wife B. daughter C. son( )4. A. promised B. remembered C. imagined( )5. A. take up B. pay for C. give away( )6. A. cried B. smiled C. cheered( )7. A. refused B. stopped C. thanked( )8. A. always B. hardly C. never( )9. A. happen B. have C. change( )10. A. time B. courage C. advantageCloze 3(2018长沙)Do you believe that we can have an important influence on anyone we meet? The right words at just the right time could __1__ someone's life.When I was 3 years old, my parents discovered I was __2__. After asking many doctors and parents of other deaf children, they decided not to put me in a special school. Although I seemed outgoing, my selfesteem(自尊心) was quite low. On my first day at school, the other kids __3__ me because of my hearing aid and the way I talked.I was hurt deeply and I saw myself as a(n) __4__ kid.Mrs.Green, my __5__， changed all of that with a simple threeword phrase. One morning, she asked the class a question. Sitting at my desk silently, I __6__ her lips(嘴唇) and raised my hand right away. She called on me in front of the blackboard.I took a deep breath and __7__ answered Mrs.Green's question.I will __8__ forget what happened next. Mrs.Green pointed directly at me. With sparkling(闪光的) eyes and a big smile she cried: “That's right, Ben！”For the first time in my young life, my confidence(自信) rose. At that moment, I decided that no matter how many __9__ I may face, I can overcome(克服) them. Thanks to those three __10__ words, my whole life changed from that moment.( )1. A. end B. change C. lose( )2. A. blind B. deaf C. fat( )3. A. made fun of B. took care of C. made friends with( )4. A. ugly B. smart C. handsome( )5. A. driver B. doctor C. teacher( )6. A. read B. touched C. reached( )7. A. nervously B. lazily C. carelessly( )8. A. often B. ever C. never( )9. A. aims B. difficulties C. interests( )10. A. unkind B. bitter C. simpleCloze 4(2018广东)I am sure many people are working hard for lots of money, a big house, a new car, expensive clothes and so on. These are considered to be symbols of __1__ on the material(物质的) level. When I was young, I was also __2__ reaching for material success. So I chose a job as a salesman and I did make some pretty good money.But later I realized that was not what I wanted, because I was often forced to sell products that might not be good for the customers. I became very unhappy __3__ I could make a lot of money. I no longer felt proud of my job and even __4__ myself for doing things like that. So I __5__ my sales job and took another job, this time helping people __6__ — the poor and the weak. The sense of belonging (归属感) was great and suddenly I felt successful in my life again. I made less money, but I was __7__ with myself.For my own part, success comes from the feeling of satisfaction and joy. I feel successful when I love what I do, not caring so much about __8__. And I feel the most successful when I __9__ my kindness everywhere I go.So be __10__ to yourself: Learn to listen to the voice from the bottom of your heart. And find your own way with a happy heart to achieve your own success.( )1. A. luck B. success C. safety D. hope( )2. A. sadly B. hardly C. crazily D. honestly( )3. A. if B. since C. until D. although( )4. A. looked down upon B. looked up toC. looked throughD. looked into( )5. A. made up B. gave up C. set up D. turned up( )6. A. in danger B. in order C. in need D. in surprise( )7. A. strict B. careful C. angry D. satisfied( )8. A. trust B. love C. money D. health( )9. A. throw B. spread C. sell D. lend( )10. A. true B. brave C. friendly D. terribleCloze 5(2018重庆B卷)In a history class, our teacher, Mrs. Bartlett asked us to make a poster(海报) in groups about the culture that we were studying. She told us to write the names of three friends we wanted in one group and she would think about our __1__．The next day, I was told to be in a group I would __2__ want—the boy who was too weak in English, and the two girls who wore strange clothes. Oh, how I wanted to be with my __3__！With tears in my eyes, I walked up to Mrs. Bartlett. She __4__ me and seemed to know what I was there for. I told her I should be in the “good”group. She gently(轻轻地) __5__ a hand on my shoulder(肩膀). “I know what you want, Karma，”she said, “but your group needs you. I need you to help them. Only you can help them.” I was __6__ and moved. Her words encouraged me.“Will you help them？” she asked. “Yes，” I replied. Then I __7__ walked over to my group. I sat down and we started. Each of us did a part according to our interests. Halfway through the week, I felt __8__ enjoying our group. We did a good job together. My group members weren't thought to be good just because no one cared enough aboutthem __9__ Mrs. Bartlett.At last, our group got an A. But I think we should hand the A back to Mrs. Bartlett. She was the one who should truly __10__ it. Mrs. Bartlett brought out the potential(潜能) in four of her students.( )1. A. classes B. books C. choices D. clothes( )2. A. often B. never C. always D. sometimes( )3. A. boys B. girls C. friends D. teachers( )4. A. laughed at B. looked atC. lived withD. agreed with( )5. A. placed B. pushed C. washed D. pulled( )6. A. useful B. surprised C. thirsty D. asleep( )7. A. hardly B. deeply C. lazily D. bravely( )8. A. myself B. herself C. yourself D. himself( )9. A. around B. with C. for D. except( )10. A. receive B. start C. give D. throwCloze 6(2018娄底)Mr Smith and Mrs Smith had a son many years after they got married. The Smiths lived a happy life. When their __1__ was four years old, an accident happened. One night Mr Smith was so tired after work that he __2__ his wife to meet their son and take him home. Mrs Smith was very __3__ in the kitchen, and she forgot about it.Later the boy lost his __4__ in the street and didn't know how to get home. When Mrs Smith found this, she went to __5__ him, but she couldn't find him. Then she went to the __6__ station to ask for help. She was very __7__ and didn't know how to face her husband. After __8__ the bad news, Mr Smith hurried to the police station, too. __9__ Mrs Smith's surprise, Mr Smith didn't blame(责备) her. Instead, he said, “I love you, dear！”Several weeks __10__， with the help of the police, they finally found their lost son. From then on, they became closer than before.When something bad happens, people always spend lots of time blaming others. Try to remember: give others more support, and you will find the world is more wonderful.( )1. A. daughter B. son C. sister( )2. A. asked B. invited C. chose( )3. A. crazy B. busy C. free( )4. A. toy B. book C. way( )5. A. laugh at B. look for C. cheer up( )6. A. police B. railway C. bus( )7. A. happy B. excited C. upset( )8. A. passing B. hearing C. searching( )9. A. To B. In C. With( )10. A. ago B. before C. laterCloze 7(2018黄石)One day, I picked up my daughter Eloise from school and went to the supermarket for a few things. I was hoping to be in and out __1__．I found a short line with just one person in front of me. It was a/an __2__ woman,and she was paying for her things with only __3__. After a long day at work, I was unhappy with this old woman.But then I watched the young clerk(职员). He helped her __4__ her change, so carefully taking it from her shaking hands. I __5__ him repeatedly(重复地) say to her: “Yes, ma'am.” When she asked if she had enough to buy a bag, he told her she did. Then he went two lines over to get __6__ for her. Never once did this clerk get annoyed or roll his eyes. He was patient and kind.As I was watching him, I saw Eloise was too. I realized that my daughter was learning an important __7__ from a complete stranger.__8__ the woman was finished, the clerk began ringing up(把…的费用相加) my things and thanked me __9__ my patience. I thanked him too.Then we left the supermarket with a full bag, but also with a __10__ full of thankfulness for such an important lesson.( )1. A. quickly B. slowly C. quietly D. freely( )2. A. rich B. old C. poor D. healthy( )3. A. change B. bill C. check D. card( )4. A. copy B. compare C. count D. borrow( )5. A. heard of B. listened to C. looked at D. thought of( )6. A. it B. that C. them D. one( )7. A. class B. rule C. lesson D. habit( )8. A. Though B. Before C. After D. Until( )9. A. because B. for C. of D. to( )10. A. sight B. brain C. body D. heartCloze 8(2018玉林)An old man was fishing on the bank of a river. A child came to see him fishing. The old man was really good __1__ fishing and it didn't take long for him to __2__ a full basket of fish. The old man saw that the child was very cute, and he wanted to give her a whole basket of fish. But the child __3__ her head. The old man was __4__ and asked, “Why don't you want the fish？”The child answered, “I want the fishing rod(杆) in your hands.”The old man asked, “Why do you want the rod？”“It doesn't take long to eat all the fish in a basket. But if I have the fishing rod, I can go __5__ by myself and I won't be afraid of not having any more fish to eat.”I think you will __6__ say that the child is very smart. Wrong! If she doesn't know __7__ to fish, she can not have fish to eat, even though she has the fishing rod. It's __8__ to only have a fishing rod. Fishing skills are the __9__ important, not the fishing rod.Too many people think that if they have a “fishing rod” in their life, theywill __10__ fear the wind and rain. They are just like the child, who thought that if she had a fishing rod, she would have fish to eat.( )1. A. in B. at C. with D. for( )2. A. catch B. bring C. take D. carry( )3. A. nodded B. shook C. carried D. lifted( )4. A. excited B. worried C. surprised D. interested( )5. A. fish B. fishes C. fished D. fishing( )6. A. certainly B. mainly C. finally D. exactly( )7. A. what B. how C. when D. where( )8. A. homeless B. harmless C. careless D. useless( )9. A. more B. most C. least D. less( )10. A. not longer B. not long C. no longer D. no longCloze 9(2018陕西)One day during a Spring Festival, I was taking a walk near my house when suddenly there came a voice, “Excuse me, sir.” I turned around and saw an old beggar(乞丐). “Have you __1__ some money, about fifty yuan, around here? I lost it just now.”He looked at me and __2__ my reply. “Sorry, I haven't，” I answered. He went away saying in a low voice, “Where is it? __3__ should I do now? I really need the money.”I could sense that he was __4__. Then I got an idea. I took out a fiftyyuan note(纸币) and dropped it on the ground. “Here! Here is the money！” I picked it up and __5__ it to him. Then I walked towards my house.A week later, on a snowy afternoon, I heard someone knocking at the door. It was the old beggar with a heavy bag on his shoulder. He put down the bag __6__ and said, “Thank you so much. I knew you gave me your own __7__ that day, for the money I lost was in change(零钱). But my wife was __8__， and I really needed it to buy some medicine for her. So I didn't return it to you.” He added, “I have nothing to pay for your __9__. Here's some rice I got from door to door for your children. As the saying goes, ‘A child who is fed by many families grows stronger.’ I will be pleased __10__ you like it.” Hearing his words, my wife and I were so moved that tears ran down our faces.( )1. A. made B. lent C. seen D. dropped( )2. A. looked for B. paid for C. left for D. waited for( )3. A. How B. Which C. What D. Why( )4. A. worried B. bored C. interested D. relaxed( )5. A. pushed B. passed C. led D. threw( )6. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. hardly( )7. A. food B. drink C. cloth D. money( )8. A. well B. sick C. busy D. free( )9. A. cuteness B. illness C. kindness D. sadness( )10. A. before B. whether C. though D. ifCloze 10(2018枣庄)Henry Bond was about ten years old when his father died. His mother found it __1__ to provide for a large family. By good management, however, she __2__ to do so, and also to send Henry, the oldest, to school, and to buy him, for the mostpart, such books as he needed.At one time, however, Henry wanted a __3__， in order to join a class, and his mother could not __4__ him with the money to buy it. He was very much troubled about it, and went to bed with a heavy heart, thinking what could be done.__5__ he woke in the morning, he found that a deep snow had fallen, and the cold wind was blowing __6__. “Ah，” said he, “every problem brings an advantage for some people. ”He rose, ran to the house of a neighbor, and offered his service to clear a path around his house. The __7__ was accepted. When he had completed this work, and received his pay, he went to __8__ place for the same purpose, and then to another, until he had gotten enough to buy a grammar.When school began, Henry was __9__ his seat, the happiest boy there, ready to begin the lesson in his new book.From that time, Henry was always the first in all his classes. He knew no such word as fail, but always __10__ in all he tried. Having the will, he always found the way.( )1. A. successful B. easy C. difficult D. important( )2. A. agreed B. managedC. decidedD. tried( )3. A. seat B. notebookC. schoolbagD. grammar( )4. A. provide B. protectC. promiseD. produce( )5. A. Because B. IfC. As soon asD. Until( )6. A. quietly B. slowlyC. hardD. hardly( )7. A. offer B. agreementC. planD. decision( )8. A. other B. anotherC. the otherD. some( )9. A. over B. inC. atD. with( )10. A. resulted B. arrivedC. failedD. succeededCloze 11(2018宁波)Think before we speak!It was a sunny and enjoyable day. Everyone in the __1__ station was waiting for the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of young friends who wereon board for vacation.It was a __2__ station with a lot of people and some juice shops, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shops, etc. The train was arriving and everyone prepared to __3__ the train to their seats.The group of friends made loud noise to __4__ the train as it moved into the station. They ran to get their seats__5__ anyone entered the train.The empty seats were__6__ and the train whistled(鸣汽笛)to move. An old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends' group. The young boy was so __7__ to see everything. He cheered, “Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backward.”His father__8__ and nodded his head.As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed(尖叫)，“Dad, the__9__ are green in color and run backward very fast.”His father said，“Yes dear，”and smiled.Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great__10__．A fruit seller passed selling apples, bananas and oranges. The young boy asked his dad，“I want to eat__11__．” His father bought some for him. He said，“Oh, this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes. I love this color.”The group was watching all the__12__ of this boy and asked the boy's father, “Is your son having any problem? Why is he behaving so__13__？”“His son is mad, I think，” a friend from the group made fun of him and shouted.The father of the young boy, with patience，__14__ the friends' group, “My son was born__15__. Only a few days ago he was operated. He is seeing different things in his life for the first time.”The young friends became very quiet.( )1. A. railway B. bus C. police D. television( )2. A. dark B. silent C. busy D. lonely( )3. A. get off B. get down C. get out D. get into( )4. A. break B. welcome C. push D. leave( )5. A. after B. until C. before D. as( )6. A. washed B. moved C. filled D. carried( )7. A. surprised B. afraid C. sorry D. proud( )8. A. shouted B. smiled C. cried D. refused( )9. A. skies B. trees C. rivers D. houses( )10. A. interest B. doubt C. courage D. sadness( )11. A. apples B. bananas C. oranges D. strawberries( )12. A. fruits B. words C. clothes D. activities( )13. A. happily B. differently C. quietly D. quickly( )14. A. quarreled with B. waited forC. replied toD. pointed at( )15. A. normal B. deaf C. mad D. blindCloze 12(2018丽水)Jane had two children to raise. She had to pay for the housing and __1__ clothes. She had a lot of bills. She worked in a __2__ every day and got $600 a week. Evenwhen she was __3__， she went to work.Jane worked hard and did a great job. She depended on tips(小费) to help her get enough money to pay the bills.One night, after Jane had served dinner to a family, __4__ left a big tip on the table. It was __5__. Jane was taking care of another family at their table. When she turned back, she found the money had been __6__．Jane saw a woman at another table staring at her when she __7__ the restaurant. Jane went to ask her what food she wanted. She __8__ just a sandwich. She did not leave a tip after eating and Jane heard that she paid with a $20 bill. Jane was sure the woman had stolen her __9__， but she couldn't prove(证明) it.The next night, the __10__ woman came into the restaurant. She gave Jane $50. She said, “I was so sorry I took your money last __11__. I had a bad day. Someone stole my wallet. So I was angry. So I took your money. __12__ that was not right. People should __13__ good things. Not bad things. So I want you to take the money.”“I'll take the $20 but you keep the __14__. I know you need it ，”said Jane.“You should have called the police，”the manager said to Jane.Jane said, “No. We should forgive(原谅) when someone says __15__ and wants to make it right. We should try to help each other.”( )1. A. buy B. design C. make D. wash( )2. A. bookstore B. hospital C. restaurant D. school( )3. A. angry B. afraid C. happy D. tired( )4. A. he B. she C. we D. they( )5. A. $20 B. $30 C. $40 D. $50( )6. A. handed in B. taken away C. given back D. thrown out( )7. A. looked at B. looked aroundC. looked afterD. looked for( )8. A. ordered B. made C. sold D. served( )9. A. book B. money C. dinner D. wallet( )10. A. old B. beautiful C. same D. strange( )11. A. night B. week C. month D. year( )12. A. And B. But C. So D. Or( )13. A. accept B. borrow C. cook D. share( )14. A. money B. promises C. rest D. words( )15. A. hello B. thanks C. goodbye D. sorry, 小词典)1．peak n．顶峰 2.particular adj.特别的3．shelter n．庇护所 4.selfesteem n．自尊心5．lip n．嘴唇 6.sparkling adj.闪光的7．confidence n．自信 8.overcome v．克服9．material adj. 物质的n．材料 10.belonging n. 归属感11．satisfaction n. 满意 12.poster n．海报13．shoulder n. 肩膀 14.gently adv. 温柔地；轻轻地15．potential n．潜能adj.潜在的 16.blame v．责备17．clerk n．职员 18.repeatedly adv.重复地19．rod n．杆 20.beggar n．乞丐21．note n．纸币 22.change n．零钱23．whistle v．鸣汽笛n. 口哨；汽笛1.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

2018年中考英语试题分类汇编第二期--阅读理解(人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文

2018年中考英语试题分类汇编第二期--阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）有解析专题08 阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类） 1.【2018年山东省青岛市】 Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened(威胁) by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that influences sea animals comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions(爆炸) , ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety five would have the same effect（效果）. Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit （限度）of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed. Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect thatnoise is a greater danger than they believed. It’s time for them to take action to help ocean animals. 22. Which of the following is not caused by human beings? A. The noise of industrial underwater explosions. B. The noise of ocean drilling. C. The sound of underwater earthquakes D. The noise of ship engines. 23. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A. The same noise measures differently on land and in the ocean. B. Different places may have different types of noises.C. The noises can cause humans to lose hearing.D. There are different kinds of natural sounds in the ocean. 24. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Powerful underwater explosions aren’t harmful to whales’ ears. B. Many researchers are against the noise limit of 120 decibels. C. Noises cannot cause whales’ death. D. The noise limit of 120 decibels would hardly influence the industrial research. 25. According to the passage, we can infer that scientists will probably . A. work hard to cut down natural sounds. B. stop industrial and scientific research in oceans. C. try their best to make no noise. D. protect ocean animals from harmful noises. 【答案】22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 23. 根据Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land.和后文可知主要讲水下分贝测量和陆地不一样；故选A 25. 根据文章讲述了噪音污染对海洋生物的伤害，科学家研究怎么保护海洋生物不受伤害。

中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练九安全与急救(含解析)

安全与抢救专项训练九时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage1(2018宜昌)Therearemanydifferentkindsofdisastersaroundtheworld.Asanadultyou knowwhattododuringadisaster,butwhataboutthechildren?Someadultsthink itwouldprobablyneverhappentothem,sotheydon'tteachtheirchildrenwhattodo.Before it's toolate, herearewaystohelpyouprepare yourchild for adisaster ：Educate: It isalwaysgoodtolet yourchild knowabout possible disasters. This doesn't meanchildren havetolive infear. Whenteaching themaboutdisasters, keep theconversationpositive( 踊跃的)bytellingthemthereisasolution( 解决方法)to thedisaster. Keeptheconversations short, allow for questionsandanswerhonestly.Prepare: Alwaysbeprepared, that is thebest advice for children. Forexample, whenpreparingforbadweather,getthetoolsyouneed,like candles,radios,food, waterandmedicine. Teachyourchild whatisneededincertain disasters sothat they knowwhatisavailableforthem,ifeverneeded.Plan: Youshouldalwayshaveaplanforyouandyourchildforanydangeroussituation.Writeoutasimplelistthattheycanread.Theplancouldstartwith“l istentoanadult'sadviceand/orcall119 ”．Practice: Onceyouhavegotthecorrectsafetytoolsandworkedouttherightplan,practiceeveryfewmonths.Practicingwhattododuringadisasterwithyour childwillhelpthemifthetimecomes.Disasters can't beavoided butthey canbelessened(减少)onceyouareprepared andreadyforone.( )1.Whatdoestheword disaster mean?A. 命运B. 灾害C.演习D.畅销( )2.Whatshouldadultsteachchildren?A.Whendisasterswillhappen.B.Whydisastersaredangerous.C.Whattodoforadisaster.D.Howtoavoidadisaster.( )3.Whatisthecorrectthingtodoforadults?A.Havepositiveconversationswithchildren.B.Trynottotalkaboutdisasterswithchildren.C.Makethechildrenscaredofdisasters.D.Askchildrenlotsofquestions.( )4.What'sthemostimportantthingforchildren?A.Alwaysaskadultsforhelp.B.Alwaysbepreparedforadisaster.C.Alwayslistentoanadult'sadvice.D.Alwaysrememberwherethetoolsare.( )5.WhatisNOTsuggesteddoing?A.Rememberingwhatisneededincertaindisasters.B.Gettingthechildrentoknowtheplanwell.C.Helpingpeopleindisasterareas.D.Gettingradiosforbadweather.Passage2(2018娄底)Robertandhisbrother wereplaying football intheir front yard. Suddenlyawoman ranoutofherhouseshoutingto themtocallanambulance( 救护车).Her 12-week-old babyseemedtostopbreathing. Shewassoscaredthat shecouldn't find hercell phone, soshehaddecidedtorushoutsidetoaskforhelp.AsthewomanwastryingtodoCPR( 心肺复苏术)onherbaby,youngRobertcamein andtoldhershewasdoingitallwrong.Heaskedhertousetwofingers,pushonthechest5-10times, tilt( 倾斜)thebaby'shead,plug( 堵住)thenoseandthendoamouth-to-mouth resuscitationbybreathingintothebaby'smouth.Luckily for thebaby,thewomanaccepted Robert's advice. Just for asecond, came aloudcryfromthebaby.Soonthedoctorscameandthebabywassenttohospital. Themostamazingpart ofthis story is that Robert hasnotattended aCPRclass. Instead,helearneditallbycarefullyreadingtheposters( 宣传画)onthewallsof hisschoolhall.And,whileheisnowbeingcalledasaheroandeveninterviewedonTV,heis just gladto havesavedthebaby's life ！“Thankstotheposters onthewalls,hecouldsavethekid ！”histeachersaidtotherepor terproudly.( )1.WhydidthewomanaskRobertandhisbrothertocallanambulance?A.BecauseRobertandhisbrotherhitherbaby.B.Becauseshehadtolookafterher12 -week-oldbaby.C.Becauseherbabyseemedtostopbreathing andshecouldn't find hercell phone.( )2.WhotaughtthewomantodoCPRcorrectly?A.Robert'sparents.B.Roberthimself.C.Robert'sbrother.( )3.HowdidRobertlearnCPR?A.Heusedtogotothehospitaltolearnitfromthedoctors.B.Helearntitbylisteningtotheradioandkeptitinhismind.C.Helearntitbyreadingthepostersonthewallsofhisschoolhall.( )4.What's theChinesemeaning oftheunderlinedword “resuscitation”？A. 复苏B.保留C.逃跑( )5.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.RobertwasinterviewedonTV.B.Theschoolcultureisgoodforstudents.C.Robertisaherobecausehesavedthebaby.Passage3(2018南充)Whatshouldyoudoif there's anearthquake atschool?Howcanyouprotect yourself whenyouarecaught inastampede(践踏)?March25this year provides youwith agood chancetolearnaboutsafety.This dayis called theNational DayofEducation ontheSafety ofElementary and Middle SchoolStudents(NDESEMSS)(全国中小学生安全教育日). Thethemeofthedaythis yearis togive students moreknowledgeaboutsafety andmakesuretheir lives safe. Asurvey donebytheChinaYouthandChildren ResearchCentershowedthat school accidentskillmoreelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsthananythingelse.Themainaccidentscomefromstampedes,earthquakes,firesandsportsinjuries( 损害)．Whatcanwedotokeepourselvessafe?Stayingcalm( 冷静)isthefirstandmost importantrulewhenfacingaccidents.Butdifferentaccidentshavedifferentself-protectionadvice.Astampedeispossibleanywhere. Thelargerahumancrowdgets,the morelikely stampedesbecome.Whenstudents aroundyoubegintopush,stand still andtry tohold ontosomething,orstayinacorneruntilthecrowdleaves.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,coveryourheadwithbothhands.Leantooneside,curlupyourbodyandbendyourlegs.Earthquakes arecommonnatural disasters( 灾害). Whenyoufeel thegroundshake, dropdown,takecoverunderadeskandholdon.Youshouldstayindoorsuntiltheshaking stops. If youareoutdoors, don't stay nearbuildings, treesorpowerlines.Whenthere'safire,followtheteachers'instructions,leavetheclassroomquickly anduseapiece ofcloth tocoveryourmouthandnosesothat youdon't breathe insmoke.( )1.What'sthethemeofNDESEMSSthisyear?A.Togivestudents moreknowledgeabout safety andmakesuretheir livessafe.B.Togive students moreknowledgeabouthealth andmakesuretheyeathealthily.C.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutscienceandmaketheirstudybetter.D.Togivestudentsmoreknowledgeaboutaccidentsandmakethemrunaway.( )2. Whatshouldyoudofirst whenaccidents happenaccording tothis passage?A.Runaway.B.Standthere.C.Keepcalm.D.Cryloudly.( )3.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingis TRUE?A.Caraccidentskillthemostelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsofallaccidents.B.Whenthere'safire,youshoulduseclothtocoveryourmouthandnose.C.Ifyoufalldowninamovingcrowd,youcandonothingbutwaitthere.D.Whenanearthquakehappens,youshouldstaynearbuildingsortrees.( )4.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.BeafraidofaccidentsB.TheearthquakeiscomingC.RunawayfromaccidentsD.Howtoprotectyourself( )5. If thewriter continues towrite this passage, whatwill hewrite about?A.Thechangesoffires.B.Thereasonsofaccidents.C.Sportsinjuries.D.Smokingdisadvantages.专项训练九安全与抢救Passage1【要旨粗心】本文是一篇说明文。

2018年中考英语试题解析汇编阅读理解人物或故事类科普或环境保护类或降类社会现象或历史文化教育类含解析

专题08 阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）1.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】In 2017, when the high speed train. Furing, left Beijing for shanghai at a speed of 350 km/h, it amazed the world. It is China's newest high-speed train and also the fastest train in the world.Therewere2, 959 high-speed trains running across China by 2016. They make up60 percent ofthe worlds total high- speed trains. Chinese companies have also built more than 10 high-speedrailways in Europe, Southeast Asia and South America. And the high speed trains has become anew name card for China.Besides the high-speed trains, many other innovations(创新)have also changed people's lives in China.For example, though bike sharing is not new itself China has made it much more convenient.And popular. When the Chinese bike sharing companies reached Singapore and Britain months ago, users there excited and couldn’t wait to post photos of themselves riding the bikes on social media(媒体).Cashless payment has become a lifestyle choice in China it is common that people in China go shopping with no cash(现金)in pockets. Many people just pay with their bile phones by scanning a quick respond code(QR, 二维码)from the seller. Even a person selling vegetables has a QR code.Many foreigners have experienced lives without carrying any cash in China. They say they can't do it when they are back home in Europe.China is now in a great time. It has made great achievements in innovation They are true pictures of national strength. It seems that China is really leading in some ways. And Chinese people have every reason to believe in an even brighter future.34. How many examples a re mentioned to show China’s achievement in innovation according to the passage?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four35. The underlined word “it” means ____.A. living in ChinaB. buying things without carrying any cashC. having QR codesD. making enough money by working hard36. The best title for the passage might be _____.A. China leads in innovationB. Science develops very quicklyC. China faces many chancesD. Science catches the world’s attention【答案】34. C 35. B 36. A【解析】试题分析：短文通过高速列车、共享单车和无现金支付三个例子，说明了中国的创新成就。

D_2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练七节假日活动含解析

专项训练七　节假日活动时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage 1(2018福州)In Britain, Boxing Day is usually celebrated on December 26th, which is the following day after Christmas Day. However, strictly speaking, Boxing Day is the first weekday after Christmas. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday. This means it's a nonworking day in the whole of Britain. When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the public holiday.The exact origin(起源) of the holiday is unclear. One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages, when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land, a Christmas Box was placed by a priest (神父) on each ship. Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box. It was sealed_up and kept on board until the ship came home safely. Then the box was handed over to the priest in the exchange for the saying of a Mass of thanks for the success of the sailing. The priest wouldn't open it to share the contents with the poor until Christmas.One more thought is about the “Alms Box” placed in every church on Christmas Day. Worshippers (做礼拜的人) put gifts for the poor into it. These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas, that is why that day became known as Boxing Day.Today, many businesses, organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating (捐赠) their time, services and money to aid Food Banks, providing gifts for the poor, or helping families in need. Besides, spending time with family and shopping are popular Boxing Day activities now.( )1. If Christmas Day is on a Saturday, Boxing Day will be celebrated on ________．A. December 25thB. December 26thC. December 27thD. December 28th( )2. Sailors dropped money into the Christmas Box in order to ________．A. save the poorB. pay for the priestC. discover new landD. pray for sailing safety( )3. What does the underlined phrase “sealed up” mean?A. 密封B. 悬挂C. 归还D. 传递( )4. The following activities can show the traditional spirit of Boxing Day EXCEPT ________．A. offering gifts to the poorB. supporting families in needC. spending time with familyD. giving money to aid Food Banks( )5. The purpose of the passage is ________．A. to praise the kindness of priestsB. to introduce the origins of Boxing DayC. to call on people to help the poorD. to compare Boxing Day with Christmas DayPassage 2(2018泰州)Interesting festivals in the worldThrowing tomatoes — Spain(西班牙)Spain takes “tomatoes fights” to a whole new level. But thetomatoes are being thrown, not eaten. The festival takesplace during the last Wednesday in August. Trucks(卡车) carrytomatoes into the square. People rush to the tomatoes andthrow them into the crowd.Rolling cheese — EnglandThis festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May. Ittakes place on Cooper's Hill. A large wheel of cheese(奶酪)is rolled down Cooper's Hill. The festival is actually a racewhere people run down the hill after the rolling cheese. Thefirst person to cross the finish line at the bottom of thehill wins the cheese.Burning man — The United StatesThe Burning Man Festival lasts a week, it is from the Mondaybefore Labor Day to Labor Day(which falls on the first Mondayin September in America). The festival takes place in theBlack Rock Desert. The best part of the festival is theburning of a large sculpture of a man.Pouring water — ThailandThe Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year inThailand. Rather than a single day, Thailand celebrates theNew Year from April 13th to April 15th. Thai people run aftereach other, pouring water. Songkran is one of the mostimportant reasons why foreigners travel to the beautifulland.( )1. How many festivals are mentioned in the passage?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.( )2. Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May?A. Spain.B. England.C. The United States.D. Thailand.( )3. Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert?A. Throwing tomatoes.B. Rolling cheese.C. Burning man.D. Pouring water.( )4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The tomatoes are thrown into the crowd to eat.B. Not all the festivals above fall on the single day.C. Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival.D. Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.( )5. The passage is most probably taken from ________.A. a tour guideB. a science reportC. a story bookD. a fashion magazinePassage 3(2018山西)Emma has just finished travelling alone in Europe. Are you interested in her journey?Let's read some of her travel diaries.( )1. Emma was looking forward to this travel because ________．A. she had never taken a train ride beforeB. she could do anything she liked on the journeyC. she hoped to keep herself away from the busy life( )2. From the passage, we can know Salzburg is a great place for ________．A. enjoying classical musicB. buying children's booksC. visiting history museums( )3. In Amsterdam, she ________．A. climbed the beautiful mountainsB. travelled along the river in a boatC. wrote some postcards in her hotel( )4. She didn't need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because ________．A. there was very little crime thereB. the city was full of friendly peopleC. she thought she was careful enough( )5. We can know that ________ from the passage.A. Emma has little interest in artB. Emma is a brave but careless girlC. Emma's travels were enjoyable and specialPassage 4(2018孝感)Dear mum and dad，I'm writing this letter to you from the center of Australia. At the moment we're staying near Uluru—that's the aboriginal(土著) name for Ayers Rock. On the first day, we took a balloon tour over the rock, and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometers long and 384 meters high. The colors of the rock are fantastic, and at different times of the day, they change from purple to red. The Aborigines are the first people of Australia, and the ancient aboriginal stories describe the spirits that created the world. Uluru is a center of Aboriginal culture.The Australians have many British relatives. That's why they're like us in many ways. Their family life is similar to ours, and they enjoy the same food and hobbies. The food and drink that most Australians like are grapes, lamb, ham and especially wine that they make in the south of the country. They love all sports, but football is the most popular. Most Australians live near the coast, so they also love going to the beach, swimming and surfing.Although it's December, it's summer over here. The sunshine is very bright, and near the coast the countryside is very green. There are lots of sheep in the fields and on the hills, but the outback(澳洲内陆) is more like a desert, full of rocks and sand.The next day after we arrived at Uluru, we went on a camel(骆驼) ride. The camel that I rode had a bad temper. When I sat on its back, it became very angry and refused me. So everyone else thought it was very funny that my camel kept lying down...Finally, later this evening, we're taking the plane back to Sydney and coming home, it's been a fantastic trip!Tony( )1. Which is NOT true according to Paragraph One?A. Uluru is the name for Ayers Rock.B. The height of Uluru is 384 meters.C. The rock of Uluru doesn't change colors.D. Uluru is the center of Aboriginal culture.( )2. Tony may be a(n) ________．A. BritishB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Chinese( )3. ________ is the most popular sport in Australia.( )4. The underlined word “temper” means “________” inChinese.A. 脾气B. 记忆C. 命令D. 信心( )5. What is the best title of this passage?A. A Balloon TourB. An Aboriginal LetterC. A Fantastic TripD. A Summer EveningPassage 5(2018北京)The Blog of RosieThe WeekendBy Rosie|June 6, 2018Hi!I'm on vacation here inLondon...and it's fantastic!OnSaturday I was in the British Museumfor three hours. On Sunday I visitedTower Bridge. Where were you over theweekend?Tell me your news！DISCUSSIONSophia·9：30Glad you're having a great vacation. Iwas in the Summer Palace in Beijing onSaturday. I was there for a flowershow. It was amazing!And there werelots of people. But on Sunday it wasrainy and I wasn't very well. I stayedin bed for a whole day.Reply Share ••Steve·10：10It was cloudy the whole weekend inParis. On Saturday I was at a footballgame with my classmates. It wasexciting!On Sunday I was at the shopswith Ann for four hours.Reply Share ••Jack·11：00I wasn't at home over the weekend. OnSaturday I was in Scotland for a trip.It was a lovely, warm day and I had apicnic with friends. It was great!Sunday was boring. It took me fivehours to get back home. It was a longjourney.Reply Share ••Kate·11：20On Saturday I was at Heathrow Airport.I met a friend there and we talkedtogether for two hours. I was veryhappy. On Sunday I was in Sydney for aconcert. It is winter in Australia,and it was windy and cold!Reply Share ••( )1. On Saturday Sophia was ________．A. in the Summer PalaceB. in the British MuseumC. at Tower BridgeD. at Heathrow Airport( )2. What was the weather like when Steve was in Paris?A. Rainy.B. Warm.C. Cloudy.D. Cold.( )3. How long did it take Jack to get back home?A. Two hours.B. Three hours.C. Four hours.D. Five hours.( )4. Kate was in Sydney for ________．A. a picnicB. a concertC. a football gameD. a flower showPassage 6(2018新疆建设兵团)The summer vacation is a time to enjoy a change from the school year. It's a good chance to work on different activities that you don't have much time to do during the rest of the year.We asked about 2，000 people what they would do during the summer vacation. Most of the surveytakers agreed that the summer vacation was a break from homework and they could relax.Alexis said, “At school, I'm really tired, so during the summer vacation I can read books and do many outdoor activities.”Amy is in high school. After school, she sometimes works in a cafe. She told us, “It's a chance to relax after a hard school year—sleep more, and see my friends more.”We also asked them if they would be too busy or kind of bored. About half (52%) of the surveytakers said they would be busy during the summer vacation but still have time to relax. And that is exactly how it should be.But not everyone said their summer vacation would be the right balance (平衡) between being busy and relaxing. Many thought that they would be too bored.How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are. Surveytakers in their early teens were more likely (可能的) to be bored. Among them, 40% said they would be bored and only 10% thought they would be too busy.( )1. What does the underlined word “surveytakers” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. 进行调查的人B. 接受调查的人C. 写调查报告的人D. 看调查报告的人( )2. What does Amy want to do during the summer vacation?A. To do a parttime job.B. To do some outdoor activities.C. To help her parents do housework.D. To sleep more and visit friends more.( )3. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________．A. feeling boredB. being very busyC. spending all the time enjoying oneselfD. having time to relax though being busy( )4. How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on ________．A. their ageB. their parentsC. where they liveD. what they are( )5. According to the passage, those who took part in the survey are most probably ________．A. scientistsB. doctorsC. studentsD. teachers1. 专项训练七节假日活动Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。

2018年中考英语阅读理解(人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类)(含解析)

专题08 阅读理解（人物或故事类、科普或环境保护类或健康类、社会现象或历史文化教育类）1.【2018年四川省宜宾】Wang Fuman is a 10-year-old student. He is now studying inZhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province. On Monday morning (January 8, 2018), he braved -9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school.When he arrived, his hair and eyebrows had been completely frozen with snowflake (雪花). This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot. Fu Heng,Wang’s teacher saw this and took a picture. He uploaded (上传) Wang’s picture. The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside. Wang, who has been nicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens, became famous online overnight. By Wednesday morning, his picture had been “liked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times.After hearing Wang’s story, the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation ( 捐赠) activity for children from poor families. The Foundation has promised togive each poor child 500 yuan ($75) to help them stay warm in winter.By 1 pm on Wednesday, the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations, according to their website. Wang’s village now has electricity and tap water, “…andmy family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”, Wang said, “I think our life will get better.”25. What was the weather like on Monday morning?A. Snowy and cold.B. Rainy and cold.C. Snowy but warm.D. Rainy but warm.26. Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom?A. Because he lost his books .B. Because he told a joke.C. Because he looked funny.D. Because he was late.27. The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children .A. stay happyB. keep healthyC. stay educatedD. keep warm in winter28. What can we know from the text?A. Zhaotong’s weather in winter is warm.B. Wang’s future life may become better.C. Wang’s village had electricity before.D. Few people shared the boy’s picture.【答案】25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B【解析】文章讲述了雪花男孩王福满的故事。

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专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage 1(2018南京)A new report shows what life might be like in 100 years from now. It describes skyscrapers that are much taller than today's buildings, underwater ‘bubble’ cities and holidays in space. The report is from a company. It asked experts(专家) on space and architecture, as well as city planners, to give their ideas on the life in 2116. They said the way we live, work and play will be totally different to how we do these things today. The experts used the Internet as an example. They said that 25 years ago, people could not imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change our lives. The Internet has completely changed the way we communicate, learn and do daily things. The experts said the changes in the next century would be even more unbelievable.Researchers questioned 2，000 adults about the predictions(预言) they thought were most likely(很可能的) to happen in the future. They predicted that in the future, few people will go to an office but will work from home and have work meetings online. People will have highly developed 3D printers that will let you download(下载) a design for furniture or a food recipe and then ‘print’ the sofa, table or pizza at home. There will also be less need for visits to the doctor. We will all have a home health instrument that will tell us what the problem is and give us treatment. We will also be going into space for holidays and to get resources that we have used up on Earth.A prediction that is missing is whether people will still need to study English.( )1. The writer uses the example of the Internet in Paragraph 1 to show ________．A. the Internet was often usedB. the Internet has developed fastC. people will not believe the changesD. technology will change people's lives( )2. With the help of highly developed 3D printers, a way to get a sofa in 2116 is to ________．A. buy one in a shopB. ask somebody to make oneC. download a design and ‘print’ oneD. design and make one by oneself( )3. According to the passage, the missing prediction is ________．A. how people will workB. where people will get resourcesC. what people will have at home to treat illnessD. whether people will still need to learn English( )4. The passage is mainly about ________．A. the life in 2116B. holidays in spaceC. the history of the InternetD. medical treatment( )5. The passage is most probably from ________．A. an advertisementB. a newspaperC. a detective storyD. a health reportPassage 2(2018山西)When I opened my email the other day, Rachel, a pretty woman, appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking happily. Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss. It was cool, right? In fact, she was reading to me an email from my brother John.Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send e mails in a funny way. By using it, your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown. You can download the software at without paying. Facemail facesare lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text. For example, type in ，and Rachel blows a kiss.LifeFX, the company that developed the Facemail, is sure there are wide business uses. Why is ebusiness not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website, and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name, serves you, and personally closes_the_sale,_ won't you be happy? Also, if mom can't be home when kids get back from school, she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.It's true that Facemail makes life easy and fun, but it should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you choose the clown, p ut a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions, you've got a Psycho mail.( )1. In fact, who is Rachel?A. She is a pretty actress.B. She is John's girlfriend.C. She is not a real person.( )2. What is the main advantage of Facemail?A. You don't need to pay for it.B. Email can be attractive in a more lovely way.C. You can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you.( )3. What does the underlined expression “closes the sale” probably mean?A. 停止营业B. 达成交易C. 取消折扣( )4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You shouldn't choose a clown.B. Facemail can be widely used in business.C. Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.( )5. What is the writer's attitude(态度) towards Facemail?A. He thinks it's a danger to the Internet.B. He thinks it needs further improvement.C. He thinks it's a cool and funny technology.Passage 3(2018重庆B卷)Many homes have cameras to protect them from danger. The cameras can tell the owners if someone has entered. But the cameras do not know whether the person is a family member, a friend, a postman or a criminal(罪犯)．But a new camera made by a French company can recognize(辨别出) faces. It can tell parents at work that their children have returned from school, or that the mail has been sent to their home. It can also tell them if a stranger has entered their home. When family members enter a home, thesmart camera “recognizes” them and sends information to the owner's phone. The owner can choose to see the video then or later. But if an unknown person enters a home, the camera will send a warning sound on the owner's phone.This is what happened recently to a smart home camera owner named Damien. He lives in Paris.“On a Friday I was at work, having a big monthly meeting when my phone moved. At first I told myself ‘Oh, it must be a wrong warn，’ but my phone was telling me there was a face that the camera did not recognize. Something was happening in my house! ”“I saw a person I did not know with his shoes on, which is not allowed in my apartment(公寓). I watched it on the video. I felt quite surprised. I hurried back home as fast as possible and called the police on the way. Thanks to the smart camera, the criminal was caught soon，” said Damien.( )1. The new smart camera is different from the ones in many homes because it can________.A. protect the ownerB. help a school childC. recognize facesD. call the police( )2. In Damien's apartment, people can't ________．A. wear shoesB. watch videosC. have camerasD. send mails( )3. If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?(①＝Para.(自然段)1 ②＝Para.2 ③＝Para.3④＝Para.4 ⑤＝Para.5)A. ①；②③；④⑤B. ①；②；③④⑤C. ①②③；④；⑤D. ①②；③④；⑤( )4. The best title of the passage may be “________”．A. Catching Criminals in a Better WayB. Strange Video FacesC. Warning Sound on the PhoneD. Smart Home CamerasPassage 4(2018德州)Hover Camera(无人相机)Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at Stanford University in the United States. He became famous overnight(一夜成名) because of the invention.Forget selfie sticks(自拍杆)! Compared to other cameras, Hover Camera has many advantages.*It can fly and stay in midair, track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.*It can be controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机)．*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.*It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.Mr. Wang also said, “The main design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. It's very light and small. It can be folded(折叠) in two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own.”It's reported that the company has raised $25 million to produce it. As it is still beingtested(测试), Hover Camera can be bought later this year.The price has not yet been decided. But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $600.( )1. Hover Camera can________．A. swim in the waterB. fly in the midairC. change its weightD. be used as a phone( )2. The underlined word “track” means ________．A. pullB. followC. pushD. show( )3. According to the passage, why is Hover Camera easy and safe to take?A. It's light and small.B. It can be folded in three.C. It doesn't need power.D. Only a smartphone can make it land.( )4. Which is not mentioned in the passage?A. How can we control Hover Camera?B. When can we buy Hover Camera?C. How much is Hover Camera?D. How popular will Hover Camera be?( )5. According to the passage, Wang Mengqiu is a ________ young man.A. braveB. quietC. creativeD. humorousPassage 5(2018威海)The Building That MovesEveryone knows that buildings don't move. They can't change the way they look. However, architect(建筑师)David Fisher wants to change that.Fisher has an amazing idea. He wants to make 80story buildings that change shape. Each floor will move around slowly. The floors will move at different speeds. Because of this, the shape of the building is always changing. “These buildings will never look the same，”says Fisher.His idea is an interesting one. However, Fisher doesn't stop there. He also wants the building to be “green”. The building will make its own energy. In most buildings, only the top floor has a roof(屋顶). In Fisher's building, each floor will have its own roof. The roofs each have solar panels(太阳能板). This means a lot more solar energy. Also, machines between each floor of the building will catch the wind. They will turn the wind into energy.Fisher's ideas sound impossible. However, that's_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space!( )1. The passage is mainly talking about________．A. buildings for the futureB. the life of an architectC. how green buildings work( )2. The underlined word “80story”means the building has 80________．A. shapesB. floorsC. different speeds( )3. Fisher's building can make its own energy because the building________．A. is tall and always movingB. is tall and has many solar panelsC. is always moving and has many solar panels( )4. The Fisher's building will NOT get energy from________．A. the sunB. the waterC. the wind()5. Why does the writer say “that's_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space”？A. To show why Fisher's building will never work.B. To show why Fisher's building is like a spaceship.C. To show that unusual ideas can sometimes work.Passage 6(2018福州)Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over woodpowered or coalpowered stoves.One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar power expert in a South African company, described his latest solar cooker called the “Sol 4”. “It is four square meters of mirrors, six to eight meters in length. It is quite a large cooker.”The “Sol 4” works by reflecting (反射) light from the sun off large mirrors. The mirrors direct (把……对准) the light at a cooking pan. Then the light heats the pan with solar energy. Within two minutes, the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions. In just four minutes, water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity.The cooker is also much “friendlier” than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it. And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal. Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining.But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight.Each cooker costs about $2，000, which is a large amount of money for most Africans.To solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has created a nongovermental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.( )1. This passage is mainly about ________．A. solar cookersB. smoke pollutionC. solar power expertsD. breathing illnesses( )2. The “Sol 4” is mainly used to________．A. shorten the time of cookingB. reduce the cost of making cookersC. raise money through donations to help African peopleD. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke( )3. The underlined word “individuals” most probably means “________”．A. cookersB. mirrorsC. peopleD. experts( )4. Which of the following about the “Sol 4” is TRUE?A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.B. It can work in any weather condition now.C. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.D. It is more environmentfriendly than other cookers.( )5. From the passage, we can infer that ________．A. the “Sol 4” will be designed in a smaller sizeB. more Africans can use the solar cookers in the futureC. the “Sol 4” is the first product of the South African companyD. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookersPassage 7(2018广州)Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily，researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food(using the sun's energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons — the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamp's batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50watt LED light for two hours — enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.( )1. What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1?A. They are difficult to use and create pollution.B. They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light.D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.( )2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from________．A. plant foodB. plant wasteC. the soil's heatD. the sun's energy( )3. What is true about the Plant Lamp?A. It can be made by local people.B. It is much easier to use than oil lamps.C. It can produce all the electricity the village needs.D. The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.( )4. The Plant Lamp's inventor believes it could be most helpful for________．A. rainforest communitiesB. carsC. poor people in citiesD. farmers( )5. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To report on a new invention.B. To explain a new scientific theory.C. To describe how electricity is made.D. To discuss the problems of poor villages.专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。