2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Section Ⅰ
Unit 21 Human Biology众所周知，疾病总是困扰我们的健康，有些秘诀可以帮助我们保持健康。
Four Secrets To Never Getting SickEver wonder why you always seem to come down with a life interrupting virus this time of year，while other women you know sail through the seasons snifflefree，coughfree，and achefree?Follow these simple steps to boost your virus protection：Make Friends With Fresh AirNot only does escaping into the fresh air give you a break from all those germs circulating inside，but going for a stroll can actually boost your immunity.Relaxation Fights Off ColdsBeing stressed will increase your susceptibility to catchinga cold.That may be because，over the long term，it leads to theongoing release of stress hormones (荷尔蒙)，such asglucocorticoids(糖皮质激素)．Clean Hands Are EverythingCold and flu can spread all too easily through touch.Keep yourfingers away from your eyes，nose，and mouth as much as possible，andmake sure to master the art of handwashing.Soap and waterremain your most effective tools there.Enough Sleep Is The Magic BulletAn occasional restless night is nothing to worry about，buta continuous lack of sleep can hamper your immune(免疫)system'sability to function.Anything short of seven hours nearly triplesyour odds of catching a cold.[阅读障碍词]1．boost vt.促进；使增加2．stroll n. 漫步；闲逛3．susceptibility n. 敏感性；易感性4．hamper vt.妨碍；阻止5．triple vt.(使某物)增至三倍[诱思导读]1．Why do we often wash our hands in order not to catch a cold?Because cold and flu can spread easily through touch and we often touch something with our hands.2．How can cold and flu spread?By touch.SectionⅠReading(Ⅰ) (Warmup & Lesson 1 )Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思( )1.pump A．adj.强制性的，义务的( )2.digest B．adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的( )3.swap C．vt.寻找( )4.abuse D．adj.有争议的( )5.fundamental E．vi.用泵抽出(注入)( )6.seek F．vt.消化( )7.annual G．vi.交换( )me H．adj.根本的；基础的( )pulsory I．adj.站不住脚的，不易令人相信的( )10.controversial J．vt.滥用[答案]1－5 EFGJH 6－10 CBIADⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A.默不作声地B.气喘吁吁C.或多或少D.导致E.随意地F.偶然遇到( )1.I suspect that he is more or less involved in the affair.( )2.This has contributed to the lack of confidence in the police.( )3.I came across one of my old classmates last night.( )4.By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite out of breath.( )5.We received several answers, and we picked one at random.( )6.Those present just looked at each other in silence.[答案]1－6 CDFBEA100 metres in 8 seconds?Many contemporary amateur(业余的)athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.①Since then, records have fallen in track and field year after year as athletic performances have continually improved.If records fall, it is usually due to better equipment, training and diet, but recently, improvements have begun to slow down.At the 2000 Olympics, only three runners achieved Olympic bests with no world records.Some experts predict a ceiling for many events, such as 9.5 seconds for the 100 metres—Maurice Greene's current record is 9.79 seconds.However, past predictions have nearly always been proved wrong.When we talk about breaking records, we come across the issue(问题) of performanceenhancing (增强表现的)drugs.These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses, but in the wrong hands②，they create supreme(极度的) athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.Taking these drugs is known as “doping”(服兴奋剂)and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.③百米记录8秒？假如许多当代的业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们有可能打破世界纪录。
从此，由于运动员成绩不断提高，田径项目的记录日益下跌。
假设记录下跌，通常是由于设施，训练及饮食得以改善了。
但是近来，提高的速度开始缓慢下来。
2000年奥运会，只有三名百米跑运动员获奥运会最佳称号，然而他们却都没有破世界纪录。
有些专家为许多项目成绩的上限做出了预测，如：百米记录9.5秒——格林·莫里斯当前记录仅9.79秒。
然而，过去的预测往往总被证实是错误的。
当我们谈到打破纪录时，我们就会想到提高成绩的药物问题。
研制这些药物原本用来帮助人们解除病痛的，但误用到运动员身上，就会使他们在竞技比赛中超乎寻常地发挥，变得比正常人更快、更强。
众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”，尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康问题。
cheating.Ben Johnson would still be the 100 metres world record holder if he had not been caught taking drugs in the 1988 Olympics.④Other records remain doubtful, like Florence Griffith's 100 metres record back in 1988.Did she take drugs? If American athlete Marion Jones hadn't taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all?Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so⑤.In 2006 cycling fans worldwide were shocked when the winner of the annual cycling race, the Tour de France, was caught doping.Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury⑥ but these were all in vain.He failed two drug tests.由于它是基本的欺骗方式，体育界是不会容许运动员服用兴奋剂的。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology1SectionⅠWarmup
SectionⅠ Warm up & Lesson 1—ComprehendingA 卷Ⅰ 阅读理解AWhat would it take to persuade you to exercise? A desire to loseweight or improve your figure? To keep you away from diseases? Tolive to a healthy old age? You’d think any of t hose reasons wouldbe enough to get Americans exercising.Yet a vast majority ofAmericans have thus far failed to swallow__the__“exercise __pill ”．Nowa research by psychologists strongly suggests it’ s time to think of current well - being( 幸福 )and happiness as motivators for exercise instead of future health, weight loss and body image.Dr. Segar, one of the researchers, believes that immediate rewards are moremotivating than distant ones.“People who say they exercise for the quality of life exercise more over the course of a year than those who say they value exercise forits health benefits.” He said.Other studies have shown that what keeps people moving depends on age, sex and life circumstances. For those of college age, physical attractiveness typicallyheads the list of reasons to begin exercising,although what keeps them going seems to be the stress relief that a regular exercise program provides. The elderly, onthe other hand, may get started because of health concerns. But often what keepsthem exercising are the friendships and sense of community that may otherwise bemissing from their lives.Improving daily well - being is the most influential factor for the women. Men indicate they are motivated by more distant health benefits,but this may be because men feel less comfortable discussing their mental health needs.“ Exercise should be encouraged but the emphasis on weight loss, disease prevention and healthy aging should be reduced.” Dr. Segar concluded.“Exercise can make people feel more energetic, less stressed and, yes, happier.”【解题导语】一项研究表示，为了此刻的幸福感而锻炼的人比为减肥、保持健康而锻炼的人更能踊跃地坚持锻炼。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology1SectionⅠWarmup (1)
Unit 21 Human Biology趣味导引Yesterday是甲壳虫乐队的巅峰之作，此曲被收录在1965年的专辑《Help！》中，并在《滚石》杂志最伟大的英文歌曲中高居百佳之首。
Yesterday是20世纪被改编、演奏、播放最多的一首歌曲。
作为一首吉他弹唱歌曲，Yesterday 编配简单而精妙，其和弦进行模式更是堪称经典。
by the BeatlesYesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away Now it lo oks as though they’re here to stayOh, I believe in yesterdaySuddenly, I’m not half the man I used to be There’s a shadow hanging over① me.Oh, yesterday came suddenlyWhy she had to go I don’t know she wouldn’t say I said something wrong, now I long for② yesterday Yesterday, love was such an easy game to play Now I need a place to hide away③Oh, I believe in yesterdayWhy she had to go I don’t know she wouldn’t say I said something wrong, now I long for yesterday Yesterday, love was such an easy game to play Now I need a place to hide awayOh, I believe in yesterdayHmm昨天甲壳虫乐队昨天，一切烦恼行将远去可我如今却忧心忡忡哦，我宁愿相信昨天霎时，我与从前判若两人她的身影总挥之不去哦，往昔在脑海浮现为何她不辞而别，姗然离去一定是我说错了什么，我只好静静等待昨天昨天，爱情本是如此简单我如今却渴望逃避哦，我宁愿相信昨天为何她不辞而别，姗然离去一定是我说错了什么，我只好静静等待昨天昨天，爱情本是如此简单而我如今却渴望逃避哦，我宁愿相信昨天嗯嗯嗯[词海拾贝]hang over 挂在……之上；悬浮在……之上long for 渴望；羡慕hide away 隐藏Section ⅠWarmup & Lesson 1—Comprehending100 metres in 8 seconds ?Many contemporary①amateur② athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games③. Since then, records have fallen in track and field④ year after year⑤ as athletic performances have continually improved.If records fall, it is usually due to⑥ better equipment, training and diet, but recently, improvements have begun to slow down⑦.At the 2000 Olympics, only three runners achieved Olympic bests with no world records. Some experts predict a ceiling ⑧ for many events, such as 9.5 seconds for the 100 metres—Maurice Greene’s current record is 9.79 seconds. However, past predictions have nearly always been proved wrong.When we talk about breaking records⑨，we come across⑩the issue of performanceenhancing⑪ drugs. These drugs are originally⑫ developed to help people with illnesses, but in the wrong hands, they create supreme⑬ athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings. Taking these drugs⑭ is known as “doping⑮” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse⑯ them.①contemporary adj.当代的；同时代的②amateur adj.业余的③此处是虚拟语气句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件句中用had done, 主句中用would have done。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅢReading(Ⅱ)(Lesson2
Section ⅢReading(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思( )1.privileged A．n.极相似之处；平行线( )2.cater B．vt.预见( )3.ample C．n.停顿；暂停( )4.storage D．vt.重建( )5.postpone E．n.症状( )6.rebuild F．adj.荣幸的( )7.pause G．vi.满足；迎合( )8.symptom H．n.储存( )9.parallel I．adj.充足的，充裕的( )10.foresee J．vt.推迟，延期[答案] 1－5 FGIHJ 6－10 DCEABⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A.遗漏B.试图做C.拨通（电话）D.着手做E.毕竟F.加强( )1.There's not much time left，let's get down to repairing the machine.( )2.He's not to blame.After all, it was the first time he'd done it.( )3.The spy attempted to escape to a neighbouring country.( )4.The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater are your chances of success.( )5.You've made a mistake—you've left out the letter “e”．( )6.I've been trying to ring up all day and I couldn't get through. [答案] 1－6 DEBFACEpidemics(流行病) throughout historyWith recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer epidemic in the past①，Jim Smith looks through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold②.Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studies tissue(组织) from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation(变化；变种) of the same virus③.Bacteria and viruses have been around since the beginning of life on Earth and many of today's diseases have existed as long as humans have.It is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics, and hopefully, foresee and prevent them in the future.历史上的流行性传染病当近来媒体报道将禽流感与过去的流行性传染病杀手相提并论时，为寻找未来将会发生的线索，吉姆·史密斯查询了一下传染病的历史。
【优质试卷】2019-2020版高考英语 Unit 21 Human Biology夯练(含解析)北师大版选修7
Human Biology李仕才一、阅读理解。
As a child，I was generally happy，singing and dancing to my favorite songs，smiling and laughing with my friends and family.But as far back as second grade，I noticed a“darkness”about me.I didn't enjoy participating in many things.In middle school，things in my life began to get even worse.I began withdrawing from everything I once enjoyed.I was always tired.Everything was horrible.Finally，midway through eighth grade，I was told I had a chemical imbalance，diagnosed(诊断)with clinical depression，and had to take medicine.It took months for me to feel the effects of the medicine.When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself, rather than relying on medicine.Aristotle said，“To live happily is an inward power of the soul，”and I believe that this quote describes what I had to do to achieve happiness.Happiness is a journey.Everyone seems to need different things to be happy.“The essentials(要素)to happiness are something to love，something to do，and something to hope for，”a quote from William Blake sums up what I believe people need to realize to be truly happy in life.People need love.I feel they need their family and their friends more than anything else in the world.People need work to do，something to make them feel they are making a difference in the world.People need to know that more good is to come in the future，so they continue to live for“now” instead of constantly worrying about the bad that could come.Love and hope are happiness.1．What do we know about the author in Paragraph 2?A．He hated going to sleep because he couldn't sleep well.B．He spent months recovering from the clinical depression.C．He was diagnosed with clinical depression in Grade Seven.D．He suffered a great deal from clinical depression.2．Who helped the author to be happy again?A．The author's friends. B．Aristotle.C．The author himself. D．William.3．Which of the following about being truly happy is unnecessary in the author's opinion?A．Love. B．Ambition.C．Hope. D．Work.4．What may be the best title for the text?A．The Essentials to HappinessB．Ways to Overcome ShortcomingsC．Everyone Needs to Be HappyD．Happiness Is Love【解题导语】作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历总结出了幸福生活的要素。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology单元重点小结课件北师大版选修7
重点词汇 重点句型 重点语法
功能
走近高考 拓展阅读
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims4.The second suggested that people absorbed5 this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
6.The name was chosen
at random
.
7.Hearing the news,he left
straight away
.
8.You must stop the press from finding out the
truth
at all costs
.
9.He
came across
mourning worldwide.
它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时,使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀
声之中。
重点词汇 重点句型 重点语法
功能
走近高考 拓展阅读
5.I’ve broken bones before.HowevБайду номын сангаасr,this is the first
2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology英美文化欣赏讲义 北师大版选修7
Unit 21 Human Biology【导读】《绿野仙踪》是美国作家莱·弗·鲍姆的优秀儿童文学作品。
作者以奇特的想象力描述了一个小女孩因被旋风刮到奥芝国，和她的三个朋友：狮子，稻草人，铁皮人团结在一起，共同克服困难，战胜险恶，为了实现自己的愿望，不屈不挠地同恶魔斗争，最终如愿以偿的故事。
The Wizard of Oz(Excerpt)Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer's wife.Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles.There were four walls, a floor and a roof, which made one room; and this room contained a rusty looking cookstove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs, and the beds.Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner, and Dorothy a little bed in another corner.There was no garret at all, and no cellar—except a small hole dug in the ground, called a cyclone cellar, where the family could go in case one of those great whirlwinds arose, mighty enough to crush any building in its path.It was reached by a trap door in the middle of the floor, from which a ladder led down into the small, dark hole.When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around, she could see nothing but the great gray prairie on every side.Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat country that reached to the edge of the sky in all directions.The sun had baked the plowed land into a gray mass, with little cracks running through it.Even the grass was not green, for the sun had burned the tops of the long blades until they were the same gray color to be seen everywhere.Once the house had been painted, but the sun blistered the paint and the rains washed it away, and now the house was as dull and gray as everything else.When Aunt Em came there to live she was a young, pretty wife.The sun and wind had changed her, too.They had taken the sparkle from her eyes and left them a sober gray; they had taken the red from her cheeks and lips, and they were gray also.She was thin and gaunt, and never smiled now.When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child's laughter that she would scream and press her hand upon her heartwhenever Dorothy's merry voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl with wonder that she could find anything to laugh at.Uncle Henry never laughed.He worked hard from morning till night and did not know what joy was.He was gray also, from his long beard to his rough boots, and he looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke.It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings.Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose.Toto played all day long, and Dorothy played with him, and loved him dearly.Today, however, they were not playing.Uncle Henry sat upon the doorstep and looked anxiously at the sky, which was even grayer than usual.Dorothy stood in the door with Toto in her arms, and looked at the sky too.Aunt Em was washing the dishes.From the far north they heard a low wail of the wind, and Uncle Henry and Dorothy could see where the long grass bowed in waves before the coming storm.There now came a sharp whistling in the air from the south, and as they turned their eyes that way they saw ripples in the grass coming from that direction also.Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up.“There's a cyclone coming, Em，” he called to his wife.“I'll go look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door.One glance told her of the danger close at hand.“Quick, Dorothy！” she screamed.“Run for the cellar！”Toto jumped out of Dorothy's arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him.Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole.Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt.When she was halfway across the room there came a great shriek from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.绿野仙踪(节选)多萝茜与亨利叔叔、爱姆婶婶，一起住在堪萨斯州大草原中部的小木屋里。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅣLanguagePoints(Ⅱ)(Lesson2
Section ⅣLanguage Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．It's said that our exam has been postponed(延期) until next Monday.2．She made her entry(上场) to the sound of thunderous applause.3．We feel very privileged(荣幸的) to have the chairman of the Committee of Foreign Affairs as our distinguished guest.4．Once identified(识别)，they are stored only once.5．He scanned(浏览) the letter before he signed it.6．There is ample evidence to prove his guilt.7．The table can be folded flat for easy storage．8．The old dislike being treated like children.9．You should give the room a thorough cleaning.10．Find and underline the topic sentences of each paragraph.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．enter v．进入→entry n．进入；入学→entrance n．入口2．treat vt.款待→treatment n．款待；处理3．prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止4．unite vt.联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→unity n．联合；团结5．adapt v．使适应；改编→adaptation n．变化；变种6．faith n．信心→faithful adj.有信心的Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．straight away 立刻，马上2．consist of 由……组成3．be related to... 与……有关4．go through 经历；仔细检查5．get down to 着手做6．after all 毕竟；终究7．get through 通过；拨通(电话)8．come up 出现；被提出；走近9．bring up 提出；抚养；呕吐10．build up 加强；增强；增强体质11．wipe out 彻底毁灭12．provide sb.for sth. 为某人提供某物13．attempt to do sth. 试图做某事14．stop sth.in its track 终止；消灭15．leave out 漏掉；忘掉16．rather than 而非17．in time 最终；终于；及时Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．He told me to drop everything and come over straight away．2．He brought up the orphan and passed onto him his knowledge of medicine. 3．The zoo needed better management rather than more money.4．He went through all kinds of hardships in the old society.5．In a year I have built up a network of global business contacts.[寻规律、巧记忆]consist of 由……组成；由……构成(教材P 36)The brain consists of grey and white matter. 大脑由灰质和白质组成。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(Warm_up
18
①I could not tolerate their making up any excuses for what they did.我不能容忍他们为所做的事情编造任何的借口。
②Some plants are _to_l_er_a_n_t __ (tolerate)of extreme heat.
drugs.
sth.“撞见 in the exam.
不幸的是，查出运动员服用 某人正在做 老师发现那个男孩
违禁药物并不容易。
某事”。 在考试中作弊。
14
3.In the future, athletes who
have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.
Jones hadn't taken drugs， would she have made it to the Olympics at all？
make it
We didn't _m_a_k_e_it__
to“能参加，_t_o_t_he__p_ar_t_y____ in
出席”，其 the end.
如果美国运动员玛里昂·琼 中 to 为介 我们最终还是没能
28
oppose vt.反对 (教材 P34)Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it. 基因治疗是一个非常有争议的问题，许多人反对对其进行进一步 的研究。
2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Section Ⅱ
Section ⅡLanguage Points (Ⅰ)(Warmup & Lesson 1)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．This week, the company mailed out its annual(年度的) report.2．It took me some time to digest(领悟) what I had heard.3．People who circulate(传播) false news are to blame.4．Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial(有争议的)．5．They went to prison because they violated(违反) the law.6．The interval between the posts measures thirty metres.7．I don't know whether I should swap seats with the stranger.8．Children need to complete nine years of compulsory education in China.9．Those who know how to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life.10．Fresh air is fundamental to good health.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1．circulate vi.循环→circulation n．循环2．tolerate vt.容忍→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍3．doubt v．&n.怀疑→doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的4．oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相对的→opposition n．反对5．contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾→contradiction n．矛盾6．violate vt.违反，违背→violation n．违反Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．in vain 徒然，白费力气2．at random随便地；随意地3．at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何4．due to由于5．come across偶然遇见6．contribute to促成；导致7．in silence沉默地；默不作声地8．more or less或多或少，大约9．out of breath气喘吁吁10．in use(机械、场所等)在使用中Ⅳ.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1．We must arrive there at all costs before midnight.2．I came across this valuable book in an old bookstore.3．The irrigation canals that had fallen into disrepair are in use again.4．Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical engineering.5．She opened the book at random and started reading.[寻规律、巧记忆]tolerate vt.容忍；忍耐；容许(教材P 34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是基本的欺骗方式，体育界是不会容许运动员服用兴奋剂的。
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅠWarm_up
SectionⅠWarm-up & Lesson 1 Super Athletes一、单词拼写1.He s his radio for a ticket of a football match.答案：swapped2.I cannot t the hot weather here.答案：tolerate3.Many single people are s that special someone.答案：seeking4.The birds are on their a migration.答案：annual5.The fact that he won the first place is d .答案：doubtful6.The explosion damaged his h .答案：hearing7.They were put into prison because they v the law.答案：violate8.He paused,waiting for her to (完全领会) the information.答案：digest9.Janet has been (虐待) by her father since she was eleven.答案：abused10.He took no notice of his father’s (威胁).答案：threat11.The work was hard for the (跛脚的) old man.答案：lame12.Hard work is (基础的;重要的) to success.答案：fundamental13.There was no breathing or (脉搏) and he was lifeless.答案：pulse14.Coal is a (矿物).答案：mineral15.The heart (用泵抽出) blood around the body.答案：pumps16.The disease prevents blood from (循环) freely.答案：circulating17.The performance runs 2 hours 30 minutes including an (间隔). 答案：interval18.In our country every child should receive (强制的,义务的) education.答案：compulsory19.He dares not to (反驳) his father.答案：contradict20.This is a (有争议的) question.答案：controversial。