英美国家历史与文化 答案
英美概况知识点总结归纳
英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美国家概况：英国历史期末复习总结
Summary: A Brief History of the UKI.Early Britain【Before 1066】i.Roman Britain (43AD--410)The history recorded in Britain began in 55 BC, when Julius Caesar led the Roman army to invade. In 43 AD, Britain was officially ruled by Rome, and it remained until the beginning of the 5th century.ii.Anglo-Saxon Britain (410--1066)A.Heptarchy (410-829)South Britain was progressively invaded by successive waves of Germanic tribesmen. In the 7th century, they developed seven separate kingdoms known as the Heptarchy.B.The House of Wessex (829-1016)In 829, the King of Wessex unified the other kingdoms, and since then called this unified country “England”. By 850AD, the country was under sustained attacks from Viking raids. Alfred the Great, also known as “Father of the British Navy”, gradually pushed the Vikings northwards and eventually into the sea.C.The House of Danish (1017-1066)Edward the Confessor inherited the throne in 1042. After Edward's death, he was childless and his brother-in-law Harold II inherited the throne. By the end of the 7th century, all of the kings of the British Isles were Christians.II.Medieval Britain【1066-1485】i.The House of Norman (1066-1154)In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated the English army and crowned himself William I in Westminster Abbey, becoming the first Norman king of England. It is believed that the Norman Conquest of England marked the establishment of feudalism in England.ii.The House of Anjou/ The House of Plantagenet (1154-1399)In 1154, Henry II came to the throne and began to rule the House of Anjou. His power was so strong that he built an enormous empire which included much of Ireland. His son, Richard I “the Lion Heart”, was taking part in the Third Crusade and defend his territories against France.After Richard I, King John demanded more feudal taxes and army service in order to avenge himself on France. Dissatisfied with John’s leadership, the lords forced him to sign the Magna Carta in 1215. The purpose of the Magna Carta was to limit the power of the king and the freedom of the church. It is considered to be the foundation of British constitutionalism.Overseas, England and France were engaged in wars which intermittently spanned from 1337 to 1453, known as the Hundred Years’ War. It was a series of war fought between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne. At first, the English held the upper hand, but aturning point in favour of the French came in 1429, when the French girl Joan of Arc broke the English siege of Orleans.iii.The House of Lancaster (1399-1464) & The House of York (1461-1485) The Wars of Roses (1455-1485), which lasted for about 30 years, were a series of civil wars between two great noble families, the house of Lancaster and the House of York.III.Transition to the Modern Age【1485-1688】i.The House of Tudor (1485-1603)Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York ,and became King Henry VII and started the rule of the House of Tudor. Tudor Dynasty was in a period of transition from feudalism to capitalism, considered the golden age of British absolute monarchy.King Henry VIII attempted to divorce his first wife, yet the Pop would never allow Henry to do it. So he started the Reformation by declaring a break with Rome. In 1534, he released the Act of Supremacy and declared himself to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England.Queen Elizabeth I worked to make a compromise between different religious factions, in fact, she defended the fruit of the Reformation in essence. The Church of England was consolidated.ii.The House of Stuart (1603-1714)The English Civil Wa r is a series of armed conflicts and political struggles between the British parliamentarians and the royalists from 1642 to 1651. The revolution that led to the establishment of the capitalist system in Britain. In 1651, Cromwell destroyed Charles II’ s army , which marked the end of the Civil War. And Cromwell became the head of the Commonwealth.In 1688, Glorious Revolution is the so-called Bloodless. When the crown was offered, William III and Mary II agreed to a Bill of Rights(1689), which limited the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament. Parliament succeeded in removing a ruling monarch they did not like and establishing a system known as constitutional monarchy.IV.The Age of Empire【1689-1901】i、The House of Hanover (1714-1901)During the House of Hanover, Britain expanded its colonies overseas, the population increased sharply, and the golden age of the industrial revolution began. In the Victorian period, it was known as the "empire on which the sun never set".V.Britain Since 1901i、The House of Saxony-Coburg Gotha (1901-1917)ii、The House of Windsor(1917- today)After the Two World Wars, the United States forever took away the status of British maritime supremacy, and Britain lost a large number of colonies. In the 1960s, an independence movement swept the entire British Empire. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth.。
英美国家历史与文化答案精修订
英美国家历史与文化答案SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#Chapter 1 Land and History1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 pointsfor each)1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathersof the American Republic EXCEPT__C_.A.George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Roger WilliamsD. JohnAdams2)The following were some of the characteristics of PuritanismEXCEPT_A_.A. Manifest destinyB. Religious freedomC. Intolerant moralismD. Separation of state andchurch3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D.A. Silent moviesB. Ku Klux KlanC. ProhibitionD. Television4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the Houseof Representatives, but retired in the_A_.A. The SenateB.the Supreme CourtC. The Department of JusticeD.The Federal Reserve5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixonadministration BA. VietnamizationB. Cuban Missile CrisisC. Watergate ScandalD. Re-establishing US with China.2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5points for each)1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in ITIndustry3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.When an American says that he loves his country, he means not onlythat he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in thesun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. Hemeans that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedomlives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect.当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海。
英美概况大题知识点总结
英美概况大题知识点总结1. 位置与面积:- 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成，是一个岛国，又称不列颠群岛。
- 美国位于北美洲的中北部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。
是全球第三大、北美洲第二大的国家。
2. 地形:- 英国地貌复杂，地势起伏。
苏格兰地区有高山，如本提高地、格兰特群山、高地等，英格兰和威尔士地势较低，北爱尔兰地区以丘陵地形为主。
- 美国地大物博，地貌多样。
东部大西洋沿岸是低洼平原，中部是多河流盆地、大草原和沙漠，西部有洛矶山脉、科罗拉多高原和内华达高原，阿拉斯加地区是冰川遍布的高山地区，夏威夷是火山构成的群岛，加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州有大片的森林。
3. 气候:- 英国气候温和，受海洋性气候和大西洋洋流的影响。
冬季不太寒冷，夏季不太炎热，年降水量较多。
- 美国气候多样，北部地区属于温带大陆性气候，南部地区属于亚热带气候。
阿拉斯加地区气候寒冷，夏威夷地区气候属于热带海洋性气候。
整体上，美国西部偏干燥，东部偏湿润。
4. 主要城市:- 英国主要城市包括伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰、利物浦等。
伦敦是英国首都，也是英国最大的城市，世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
- 美国主要城市包括纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、旧金山、华盛顿等。
纽约是美国最大的城市，也是世界金融中心之一，华盛顿是美国首都。
5. 自然资源:- 英国主要矿产资源包括煤炭、天然气、铁矿石和石油。
海洋渔业资源也非常丰富。
- 美国拥有丰富的煤炭、石油、天然气、铁矿石等矿产资源，以及广大的农业土地和丰富的水资源。
6. 语言和宗教:- 英国官方语言是英语，宗教主要是基督教，其中以英国国教会和天主教最为流行。
- 美国官方语言也是英语，宗教信仰多元，基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教等都有一定的信徒。
英美历史概况:1. 古代历史:- 英国在古代分别由凯尔特人、罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人和维京人等民族统治，1066年诺曼征服后建立了专制统治的王朝。
大二英美概况知识点总结
大二英美概况知识点总结随着全球化进程的加速，英美国家在国际经济以及政治上的地位越来越重要，因此，对于学习国际关系以及深入了解英美国家的历史、政治、经济、社会、文化等方面的内容显得尤为重要。
本文将从这些方面紧密结合大二英美概况课程的教学内容，为广大读者详细讲解相关知识点。
一、英美国家的历史英美国家的历史可以追溯到几个世纪前，这其中涉及到很多重大事件和重要人物。
在学习英美概况的过程中，对这些事件和人物的了解也是必须的。
首先，我们需要了解的是殖民时期。
英国曾经控制了大量的殖民地，其中包括美国。
殖民时期的谈判、战争和建设形成了美国的原始社会和文化。
在美国革命期间，美国获得了独立，并成为世界上第一个真正意义上的“自由”国家之一。
较为重要的人物包括乔治·华盛顿、托马斯·杰斐逊等。
此外，我们还需要了解20世纪的历史事件。
第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战对英美国家都产生了深远的影响。
二战后，美国的经济实力快速崛起，并在全球拥有了极大的影响力。
这个阶段的重要人物包括富兰克林·罗斯福、温斯顿·丘吉尔等。
二、英美国家的政治制度英美国家的政治制度非常重要，因为政治制度是社会运作的基本框架。
两国虽然拥有各自独立的政治制度，但又互相交流、学习吸收，因此有许多共性。
首先是英美的民主制度。
英美两国的民主制度比较成熟，包括选举等完备的程序性规定。
英美民主制度的实现离不开一个完备的司法制度和独立的新闻媒体，这一点在美国的选举中十分明显。
其次是英美的联邦制度。
联邦制度是英美国家的一大特色，它体现在中央政府和地方政府之间有一定的自治和更大的自主权。
美国的联邦制度尤为明显，由50个州组成，每个州的机构层次也独立。
英国则采取类似的联合国制度。
最后要强调的是英美国家的政治文化。
英美国家对于人权、平等、自由的追求贯穿了其政治文化的各个方面，这种文化对于英美的民主体制发挥了至关重要的作用。
三、英美国家的经济状况英美国家都是世界上最强大的经济体之一，其各自的发展模式也各具特色。
《英美概况》中文版完整版 (2)
英美概况一、引言英美是世界上最具影响力的两个国家之一。
它们在政治、经济、文化等方面都具有重要地位，对全球事务产生着巨大影响。
本文将介绍英美的概况，包括其地理、历史、政治体制、经济特征、文化传统等方面的内容。
二、地理特征英美地理上位于北美洲和欧洲西北部。
英国是由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和其他岛屿组成的岛国，而美国则横跨北美洲的中北部，拥有广袤的土地和多样的地貌。
两国均享有得天独厚的地理优势，拥有丰富的自然资源。
英国气候温和多雨，其著名的乡村风光和城市景观吸引了众多游客。
美国的气候多样，从亚热带到温带再到寒带都有覆盖，其自然景观包括大峡谷、黄石国家公园等世界级的自然奇观。
三、历史沿革英美的历史源远流长。
英国自古以来就是一个重要的国家，曾经统治过英帝国，将其文化和制度传播到全球各地。
美国则在17世纪开始建立，经过独立战争后成为一个独立自主的国家。
英国和美国在历史上有着密切的联系。
美国的政治制度和法律体系受到了英国的影响，英文也成为美国的官方语言之一。
两国之间的经济合作也非常紧密，互为重要的贸易伙伴。
四、政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，现在的国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世。
英国的政治制度相对稳定，民主成熟，议会制度是其核心。
议会分为两院，下议院成员由选举产生，上议院则由继承、任命和制度推举产生。
美国是一个联邦制共和国，政府采取三权分立的制度。
总统是国家元首和政府首脑，由选举产生。
国会由参议院和众议院构成，代表着各州和人民的利益。
美国政治体制注重权力平衡和制衡，保障了国家的稳定和民主。
五、经济特征英美在经济上都属于高收入国家，拥有发达的市场经济。
英国是全球最重要的金融中心之一，伦敦市是世界金融的核心。
英国的经济以金融、保险、制造业和创新科技为支柱。
美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有强大的经济实力和产业基础。
其经济结构多样化，包括工业、农业、服务业等多个领域。
美国的创新和科技水平世界领先，许多科技巨头诞生于美国。
六、文化传统英美文化有着广泛的影响力。
英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期
英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章文艺复兴时期(The Renaissance Period)二、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史文化背景(Historical and cultural background)(1)文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生在欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。
它是在一些历史因素的合力作用下而引发的，如对希腊罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。
(2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征。
它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放，反对神秘主义和中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。
(3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。
英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。
宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。
(4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。
威廉·卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版社迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。
2、英国文艺复兴时期文学的特点(Features of English Renaissance literature)(1) 诗歌(Poetry)开创文艺复兴时期一代新的华丽诗风的两个最重要的人物是菲利普·悉尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。
在他们的抒情和叙事作品中，展现出一种词藻华丽、精雕细琢的文风。
到16世纪末，出现了两类新的诗歌风格。
第一类以约翰·邓恩和其他玄学派诗人为代表；第二类风格的典范是本·琼森和他所代表的流派。
英国文艺复兴时期的最后一位大诗人是清教作家约翰·密尔顿，他的诗歌具有惊人的震撼力和优雅的韵致，同时传达出深邃的思想。
英美国家概况
B. Saxons
C. Jutes D. Celts
12. In Britain only about ____ of the
population are farmers but they
manage 70% of the land area. A. 2% C. 4% B. 3% D. 5%
13. Each of the 50 states of the USA elects ____ senators. A. 10 C. 3 B. 4 D. 2
22. Of all the symbols, which are considered to represent fertility and new life and are most frequently associated with Easter? A. The pumpkin and turkey B. The lamb and beef C. The spring peas and potatoes D. The egg and rabbit
A. 2nd
C. 4th
B. 3rd
D. 5th
18. In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ____ became world famous and turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage. A. the Beach Boys B. the Rolling Stone C. the Animals D. the Beatles
sports, ____ has been in existence
since the 16th century. A. rugby C. cricket B. soccer D. boxing
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 1 Land and History1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT__C_.A.George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Roger WilliamsD. John Adams2)The following were some of the characteristics of Puritanism EXCEPT_A_.A. Manifest destinyB. Religious freedomC. Intolerant moralismD. Separation of state and church3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D.A. Silent moviesB. Ku Klux KlanC. ProhibitionD. Television4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, but retired in the_A_.A. The SenateB.the Supreme CourtC. The Department of JusticeD. The Federal Reserve5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon administration? BA. VietnamizationB. Cuban Missile CrisisC. Watergate ScandalD. Re-establishing US with China.2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5 points for each)1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT Industry3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. He means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect.当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海。
他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。
Chapter 2 Government and Politics1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)1)Congress can override the president’s vote by a ___vote. AA.two-thirdsB. Three-fourthsC. Single majorityD. four-fifths2)There are currently ___Supreme Court justices on the bench. BA. 7B. 9C. 11D. 133)The Founders wanted the ___branch to be the dominant branch of the federal government. BA.executiveB. legislativeC. JudicialD. media4)Among the elected political officials, only___are elected by all citizens of the United States. CA.CongressmanB. Vice-presidentC. PresidentD. State governors5)What is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court? DA.VetoB. Overriding a vetoC. ImpeachmentD. Judicial review.2.Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)1)___F_ African American had the rights to vote in 1776.2)__F__For the United States, one of the basic principles is socialist democracy.3)__T__American president has no vote in congress.4)__F__Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law.5)_F__Wilson succeeded to persuade Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.Whatever changes in Obama’s handling of foreign affairs, one thing to be sure about is that the changes are tactical in nature. Many of the goals pursued by the Bush administration remain unchanged. First, America will lead. As Secretary of State Hillary Clinton put it, “The question is not whether our nation can or should lead, but how it will lead in the 21st century.” Second, export of democracy will continue, but less with the help of bayonet. Third, military strength and use of force are important. “We will not hesitate to defend our friends, our interest and also all our people, vigorously and when necessary with the world’s strongest military.不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段，我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略。
布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变。
首先，美国将会领导其他国家。
正如美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导，而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导。
其次，民主输出将会继续，但是要减少对武力的依赖。
再次，军备实力和武装的调度很重要。
“我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友，保障我们的利益和我们的人民，并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量。
”Chapter 4 Social Life and Culture1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each)1)which of the following is a non-profit public television network in the US? CA.ABCB. CBSC. PBSD. CNN2)Jazz has its roots in the following EXCEPT___. DA.West African musical culture.B. African American music traditionsC. European military band musicD. American native Indian music3)which is not included in the theme of country music? BA.Love and romanceB. War and peaceC. Past gloriesD. Religious beliefs4)which theme among the four was the LEAST relevant to Ernest Hemingway’s works? BA.WarB. RomanceC. DeathD. Disillusionment5)which one among the following writers was an African American? BA.Arthur MillerB. Toni MorrisonC. Mark TwainD. J.D.Salinger2.Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false (F). (5 points for each)1)__T_American churches are not only places where ceremonies are conducted, but community centers for people to make friends with each other.2)_F__Americans observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chinese.3)__F_Americans only like popular music while little attention is paid to classical music.4)__T_Country music was originally played and listened to by Americans farmers.5)__T_Rock’n’roll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.3.Translate the English passage into Chinese.Toni Morrison is an African-American novelist. Her richly woven fiction has gained her international reputation. In her novels, she treats the complex identities of black people in a universal manner. And in 1993, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In her early work The Bluest Eye(1970), a strong-willed young black girl tells the story of Pecola Breedlove, who survives an abusive father. Pecola believes that her dark eyes magically become blue, and that they will make her lovable. Morrison has said that she was creating her own sense of identity as a writer through this novel: “I was Pecola, Claudia, everybody.”her other books include Sula (1973), Song of Solomon (1977), and Beloved (1987).托尼·莫里森是一位著名的非裔美籍小说家。