lecture7(process,cause-effect,example)

as a result the result of result in the effect of the consequence


hence because
due to

have an effect on the reason for the cause of It follows that
Development by Cause and Effect
1 Expressions often used for discussing cause and effect

of
so tly thus therefore accordingly because of for this reason owing to as a result since
My decision to live in an apartment during my first year of college had several negative effects. First, I lived with three girls from my country, so I did not improve my English because I spoke Chinese most of the time. Moreover, we took exactly the same classes, so I did not have chance to meet or study with my other classmates. Furthermore, since I did not have many American friends, I did not learn much about American culture. Finally, I did not share experience with people. So if I could change one thing about my first year in college, I would choose to live in the dormitory.
3 In-class Practice: A. Develop the following sentence into a paragraph by examining the causes.
We can surely have a friend of the opposite sex.
B. Develop the following sentence into a paragraph by mentioning or predicting the effects.
2 Two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect Method 1:
Effect Cause 1 Cause 2 Cause 3
Method 2:
Cause Effect 1 Effect 2 Effect 3
I still remember the first day when I first came to this campus. Being a boy of 17, I was longing for a new life as a college student; at the same time, however, I had no idea what college life would be like. That morning when the bus carried me to the gate of the college, I was very excited. After registration, I were led by an instructor to the dormitory, where, for the first time, I was going to live without parents but roommates. I was so clumsy that I did not know how to make the bed and fix the mosquito net. In the afternoon, I took a walk around the campus together with my roommates. To think of studying in such a beautiful place made me feel quite proud of myself. As we were walking along, talking and laughing, a voice came into our ears, "Oh, look at these freshmen!" It was our middle-school-students' looking that gave us away. We continued our tour of the college, inspecting every building and every garden until the sun began to set. In the evening, we sat together, talking about the past and the future. We were so excited that no one wanted to go to bed.
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.
Lecture 7. Development by Process



1. a chronological sequence 2.a step-by-step description 3.imperative sentences, pronoun you as the subject and the present tense are often used 4.words and phrases often used in writing process descriptions: occur before at this point become until at the same time happen while once as soon as grow as then take place be carried out change into
Once you encounter a person who has stopped breathing, you should begin immediately to do mouthto-mouth breathing. First, place the victim on his back and remove any foreign matter（杂质；异物） from his mouth with your fingers. Then tilt（使倾斜； 使翘起） his head backwards, so that his chin is pointing up. Next, pull his mouth open and his jaw forward, pinch his nostrils shut to prevent the air which you blow into his mouth from escaping through his nose. Then place your mouth tightly over the victim’s. Blow into his mouth until you see his chest rise. Then turn your head to the side and listen for the outrush of air which indicates an air exchange.