英国文学选读 简答题(推荐文档)
英国文学简答题问答题资料
英国文学简答题问答题资料英国文学简答题问答题英国文学问答题Shakespeare:Questions:I.1. Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?2. Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.II. 1. What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?2. What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?3. What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, /And I am proof against their enmity”?Answers for reference:I. 1. Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bittersufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know h ow; 2) Hewants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives indespair and wants to commit suicide,4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of greatdilemma.I. 1. Sun.2. They would give up their names for love’s sake.3. Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.Daniel Defoe:Questions:1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent convincing? Could youthink of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?2.W hat do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is it important for himto keep track of time?3.From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?Answers for reference:1.Yes.2.1) He doesn’t want to forget time ; 2) For a civilized man, time is precious ; 3) Hewants to remember Sabbath days to show his respect and piety to God.3.strong-minded, careful, capable, persevering, optimistic, ambitious, self-reliant,clever, practical, adventurous, patient, rational, sympathetic, hardworking, imaginative, energetic, courageous, amiable (kind-hearted)Jane Austen:Questions:1. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?2. What do you known about Jane Austen’s writing style?Answers for reference:1. 1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men ; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband’s ironical words. 3) She loves her daughter , though she doesn’t understa nd them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.2. 1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear. 3）Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:1.What’s the theme in Jane Eyre?2.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester . Answers for reference:1.1) Jane Eyre is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition of theindividual’s worth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male-dominated society.2.Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard to get herrights of equality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusioned Rochester happ y again. Mr. Rochester was a man full of life’s misery, yet he loved Jan e truly and respected her very much.That’s why he got her love.Charles Dickens:Questions:1. How do you understand Pip’s so called “Great Expectation”?2. Please explain the reason that Great Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel.Answers for reference:1. 1) when he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) H is meeting with Havisham changed his attitude towards life, and he admired he decent way of living likea gentleman. H e met Estella and fell love with her,but he cannot marry her because of his inferior status and his expectations changed:raise his social status and to become a gentleman,get a bettereducation and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovers that his benefactor is in fact a convi ct, his “great expectation” turns out to be bubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat is important is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.(简略版)1.1) W hen he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) Whenhe met Havisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his socialstatus and become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turned out to bebubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat’s important is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.2.It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There is absence ofparents for Pip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of the generous, kind aspect of beinga gentleman; He is tested and drawn to destructive love etc.Thomas Hardy:Questions:1.What do you think causes Tess’s tragedy?2.Please comment briefly on the fa te of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Answers for reference:1.1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full of love for herfamily and sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “chastity =purity” is only for women.4) For such a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn’t control, chan ce of some unknown forces determined everything.2. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the societyin his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agricul ture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess’ fate is decidedby her society.。
(完整word版)英国文学选读上选择题(附答案)
12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essenceis_______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems.A. Edmund SpenserB. John DonneC. William BlakeD. Thomas Gray14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Edmund SpenserD. John Donne15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. pilgrimsD. primitive16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism.A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher MarloweB. Thomas More, Christopher MarloweC. John Donne, Edmund SpenserD. John Milton, Thomas More17. Among the following plays which is not written by Christopher Marlowe?A. Dr. FaustusB. The Jew of MaltaC. TamburlaineD. The School for Scandal18. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are _______.A. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and MacbethB. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Romeo andJuliet C. Hamlet, Coriolanus, King Lear and Macbeth D. Hamlet, Julius caesar, Othello and Macbeth19. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets20. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to?A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry21. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？A. The speaker eulogizes the power of NatureB. The speaker satirizes human vanityC. The speaker praises the power of artistic creationD. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation22. “Bassani Antonio，I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself；But life itself，my wife，and all the world，Are not with me esteem’d above thy life；I would lose all，ay，sacrifice them all，Here to the devil，to deliver you. Portia：Your wife would give you little thanks for that，ff she were by to hear you make the offer.” The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrateA. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism23. “The Fairy Queen” is the masterpiece written by____.A. John MiltonB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Edmund SpenserD. Alexander Pope24. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write?A. Advancement of LearningB. Novum OrganumC. De AugmentisD. Areopagitica25. The greatest of pioneers of English drama in Renaissance is _______, one of whose drama is “Doctor Faustus”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Oscar WildeD. R. Brinsley Sheridan26. “Euphues” was written by ________, the style of the novel was called “Euphuism”.A. John BunyanB. John LylyC. John DonneD. John Milton27. The most famous dramatist in the 18th century is ______, who is famous for “The School for Scandal”.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. R. Brinsley SheridanD. G.eorge Bernard Shaw28. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was ______, who was a c ritic, poet, and playwright.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. John DrydenC. John MiltonD. T. G. Coleridge29. The representative of the “Metaphysical” poetry i s ______, whose poems are famous for his use of fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.A. John DonneB. John MiltonC. William BlakeD. Robert Burns30. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet31. _____ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. The Canterbury TalesC. Paradise LostD. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded32. The 18th century England is known as the ______ in the history.A. RenaissanceB. ClassicismC. EnlightenmentD. Romanticism33. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, who was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic讽刺史诗in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style?A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Johathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding34. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “_______________”, for his contributi on to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Best writer of the English novelB. The father of English novelC. The most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of English novel35. Among the pioneers of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and _______.A. Laurence SterneB. John DrydenC. Charles DickensD. Alexander Pope36. John Milton’s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of _____.A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets37. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out____，both in theory and practice，to write specifically a “ ______ in prose,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. (Refer to 19)A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic38. Besides Sheridan, another great playwright in the 18th century is ______.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. T. G. SmolletD. Laurence Sterne39. She Stoops to Conquer was written by _____.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. R. Brinsley SheridanC. John DrydenD. George Bernard Shaw40. The middle of the 18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary form, that is the modern English ______, which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.A. proseB. short storyC. novelD. tragicomedy41. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy，wild，low and despicable creatures，who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways42. The unquenchable无法消除的spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence ona lonely island reflects ____.A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colo nization XC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisie XD. the aristocrats’ disillusionment of the harsh social reality43. Gothic novels are mostly stories of_____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs44. “The father of English novel” is __________.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. John Donne。
(完整)英国文学简答题
Topic questions：1.Why is the 18th century called the Age of Enlightenment？The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.（1) The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe。
The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance in the 15th ＆ 16th centuries。
(2） Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical and artistic ideas。
（3）English enlighteners believed in the power of reason. They considered that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.（4) The Enlighteners criticized different aspects of contemporary England， discussed social life according to a more reasonable principle。
(5）T he Enlightener celebrated reason or ration, equality, science and human beings’ ability to perfect themselves and their society. They called for a reference to order, reason and advocated universal education.（6) Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden，Alexander pope and so on.ment on Alexander Pope and his contributions to English poetry。
英国文学简答题
英国文学简答题Make a brief comment on the Renaissance (3)What are the features of Shakespeare’s drama?Give some examples (3)Why is the18th century called the Age of Enlightenment? (3) Give a brief comment on the work Pride and Prejudice (4)Make a brief comment on Critical Realism (4)Make a comment on Charles Dickens’novels (4)Give a brief analysis on the character Jane Eyre in Charlotte Bronte’s work (5)Make a comment on Modernism,including the historical background and the characteristics (5)Metaphysical Poetry (6)English Romanticism (6)Give a brief analysis on the character Hamlet (6)The Writing Style of Francis Bacon’s Essays (7)Lake Poets (7)Make a brief comment on the Renaissance.Renaissance marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world.It first started in Italy in the14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.The word “Renaissance”means rebirth or revival.In essence,it is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,and to lift the restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities.Two features of renaissance:It is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.People learned to admire the Greek and Latin works asmodels of literary form.It is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.What are the fe atures of Shakespeare’s drama?Give some examples.1)He is one of the founders of realism in world literature.2)His dramatic creation often used the method of adoption.3)His long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic artthus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.4)He was skilled in many poetic forms:the song,the sonnet,the couplet,and thedramatic blank verse.He is at home with blank verse.5)He was a great master of the English language.Shakespeare and the authorizedbible are the two great treasuries of the English language.6)Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the Englishrenaissance,and one of the greatest writers of the world over.Why is the18th century called the Age of Enlightenment?The18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.1)The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement whichflourished in France&swept through the whole Western Europe at the time.2)The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the15th&16th centuries.3)Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modemphilosophical&artistic ideas.4)English enlighteners believed in the power of reason.They considered thatsocial problems could be solved by human intelligence.5)The Enlighteners criticized different aspects of contemporary England,discussedsocial life according to a more reasonable principle.6)The Enlightener celebrated reason or ration,equality,science and human beings’ability to perfect themselves and their society.They called for a reference to order, reason&rules&advocated universal education.7)Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers likeJohn Dryden,Alexander pope&so on.Give a brief comment on the work Pride and Prejudice.Pride and Prejudice,similar to other Jane Austen's novels,is written in gentle or Horacian satire.Misunderstandings and bitterness are the natural consequence of both pride and prejudice.So never easily form prejudice of others before you really know the truth Both money and love are important for a happy marriage,but that doesn’t mean that you have to be mercenary（唯利是图的)and marry the man just for money. Marry the man,who really love you and can give you happiness and that is the most important thing for marriage.Make a brief comment on Critical Realism.The English critical realists of the19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes,but also showed profound sympathy for the common people.In their best works,the greed and hypocrisy of the upperclasses are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure“simple people”of the lower classes.Hence humor and satire abound in the English realistic novels of the19th century.Humorous scenes set off the actions of the positive characters,and the humor is often tinged with a lyricism which serves to stress the fine qualities of such characters.At the same time,bitter satire and grotesque is used to expose the seamy side of the bourgeois society.Critical realism reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of crash upon human nature.Here lies the essentially democratic and humanistic character of critical realism.But the critical realists did not find a way to eradicate the social evils they knew so well.They did not realize the necessity of changing the bourgeois society through conscious human effort.They were unable to find a good solution to the social contradictions.Their works do not point toward revolution but rather evolution or reformism.They often start with a powerful exposure of the ugliness of the bourgeois world in their works,but their novels usually have happy endings or an impotent compromise at the end.Here we see the strength and weakness of critical realism.Make a comment on Charles Dickens’novels.Dickens’novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age.They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation,criticize the vices of capitalist society.Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual.He could not overstep the limits of his class.He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes.He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There is a definite tendency for a reconciliation of thecontradictions of capitalists society.Almost all his novels have happy endings.His novels tell much of the experience of his childhood.Dickens is a great humorist.His novels are full of humor and laughter.Give a brief analysis on the character Jane Eyre in Charlotte Bro nte’s work.The development of Jane Eyre’s character is central to the novel.From the beginning,Jane possesses a sense of her self-worth and dignity,a commitment to justice and principle,a trust in God,and a passionate disposition.Her integrity is continually tested over the course of the novel,and Jane must learn to balance the frequently conflicting aspects of herself so as to find contentment.An orphan since early childhood,Jane feels exiled and ostracized at the beginning of the novel,and the cruel treatment she receives from her Aunt Reed and her cousins only exacerbates her feeling of alienation.Afraid that she will never find a true sense of home or community,Jane feels the need to belong somewhere,to find “kin,”or at least“kindred spirits.”This desi re tempers her equally intense need for autonomy and freedom.In her search for freedom,Jane also struggles with the question of what type of freedom she wants.While Rochester initially offers Jane a chance to liberate her passions,Jane comes to realize that such freedom could also mean enslavement—by living as Rochester’s mistress,she would be sacrificing her dignity and integrity for the sake of her feelings.St.John Rivers offers Jane another kind of freedom:the freedom to act unreservedly on her principles.He opens to Jane the possibility ofexercising her talents fully by working and living with him in India.Jane eventually realizes,though,that this freedom would also constitute a form of imprisonment, because she would be forced to keep her true feelings and her true passions always in check.Make a comment on Modernism,including the historical background and the characteristicsAround the two world wars,many writers and artists began to suspect and be discontent with the capitalism.They tried to find new ways to express their understanding of the world.It was a movement of experiments in techniques in writing.It flourished in the20s and30s in English literature.They turned their interest to describing what was happening in the minds of their characters.Because of their emphasis on the psychological activities of the characters,their writings are also called psychological novels.The Representatives are W.B.Yeats and T.S.Eliot,D.H. Lawrence,E.M.Foster,James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.The Rise of Modernism1)the rapid social change and the arrival of the“modern age”2)Sigmund Freud and the psychoanalysis:consciousness,subconsciousness;id,ego and superego;Oedipus Complex and Electra Complex3)the search for new ways of expressionFeatures of Modernism1)is marked by a strong and conscious break with the traditional form andtechniques of expression,being richly experimental2)employs a distinctive kind of imagination,one that insists on having its generalframe of reference within itself3)implies a historical discontinuity,a sense of alienation,loss and despair4)rejects traditional values,assumptions as well as rhetoric5)elevates the individual and the inner being over the social being6)prefers the subconscious,unconscious to the self-consciousMetaphysical PoetryThe poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style.Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess,ingenious structure,irregular meter,colloquial language,elaborates imagery,and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas.English RomanticismA movement that flourished in literature,philosophy,music,and in Western culture during most of the nineteenth century,beginning as a revolt against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed by the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.Give a brief analysis on the character HamletA thousand reader will have a thousand hamlet.Hamlet is neither a frail and weak-minded youth nor a thought-sick bookworm.1)Hamlet is a humanist,a man who is free from medieval prejudices andsuperstitions.2)He loves the good and hates the evil.He adores his father,loves Ophelia andgreets his school-fellows with hearty welcome,while he is disgusted with his uncle’s drunkenness and shocked by his mother’s shallowness.A king and a beggar are all one to him.His democratic tendency is based on his humanist thought.3)His intellectual genius is outstanding.He is a close observer of men and manners.4)Hamlet is not a mere scholar,and his nature is by no means simply meditative.On the contrary,Hamlet is a man of genius,highly accomplished and educated,a man of far-reaching perception and sparking wit.He is a scholar,soldier and statesman.His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.Hamlet is made a hero of the Renaissance period and the representative of humanism.Through him William Shakespeare expressed his own humanist ideas.The Writing Style of Francis Bacon’s Ess aysBacon’s essays have a literary style peculiar to their own.They are noted for their clearness,brevity and force of expression.Bacon’s chief concern is to express his thought with clearness and in as few words as possible.His sentences are short, pointed,incisive,and often of balanced structure.Many of them have become wise old sayings.Generally speaking,Bacon’sliterary style has three prominent qualities: directness,terseness,and forcefulness.Lake PoetsWordsworth,Coleridge and Southey have often been mentioned as the"Lake Poets" because they lived in the lake district in the northwestern part of England.The three traversed the same path in politics and in poetry,beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives.。
英国文学试题答案
英国文学选读样题答案一、选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1---5 ABCCC6---10 ABBAB11---15 BBAAC二、填空（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，总计20分）1．Heroic 2 comedies 3. couplet 4. metaphysical poetry 5. Eve6. My Luve’s Like a Red, Red, Rose7.Houyhnynms8. Coleridge9. Odes 10. Emily Bronte三、诗歌分析（本大题共4个小题，每小题分值见各小题，共20分）1．William Wordsworth; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud2．Iambic tetrameter; ababcc ababcc3.The waves beside them danced; but they_ / _ / _ / - /Out-did | the spark|ling waves | in glee:_ / _ / _ _ _ /A po|et could |not but |be gay,_ / _/ _ / _ _In such | a jo|cund com|pany:_ / _ / _ / _ /I gazed--|and gazed-|-but lit|tle thought_ / _ / _ / _ /What wealth |the show |to me |had brought:4. 水波在边上欢舞，但水仙比闪亮的水波舞得更乐；有这样快活的朋友做伴，诗人的心儿被欢愉充塞；我看了又看，却没领悟这景象给了我什么财富。
（黄杲炘）四、小说分析（本大题共5个小题，每小题分值见每小题，共20分）1.Jane Eyre; Sharlotte Bronte2.He had a mad wife who set the building on fire and climbed to the roof of thebuilding. He tried to save her. But the staircase broke and he fell down He was wounded and became blind.3.When Jane knew that Mr. Rochester had a wife. She was surprised and fledfrom Thornfield. Mr. Rochester was very sad at it.4.She wandered about and met Mr. Rivers and became a village school teacher.Mr. Rivers would go to work in India. He asked her to be his wife, which was refused. She heard Mr. Rochester calling her in the wind and came back.5.Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard toget her rights of equality. She lived the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusioned Rochester happy again. Mr.Rochester was a man full of life’s misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That’s why he got her love.五、文学术语解释（共5个术语，每个2分，共10分）1．Ballad: The narrative folk song that tells a story, which originates and is communicated orally mainly among illiterates.2.Couplet: A pair of rhymed lines that are equal in length and the same in rhythm and rhyme3.Soliloquy: The act of talking to oneself, whether silently or aloud. In drama it refersto the act of a character alone on the stage that utters his or her thoughts aloud.4.Elegy: Poems that lament the loss of something or someone, or loss or death more generally.5.Lyric: A poem, usually a short one, that expresses a speaker’s personal thoughts orfeelings. The elegy, ode, and sonnets are all forms of the lyric.六、简答题（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）ment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the society in his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess’ fate is decided by her society.2.What are the unique features of Shakespeare’s sonnets?Two features: (1) the principle person addressed by the poet is not a woman b uta young man and a mysterious dark lady. (2) the structure of three quatrainsand a concluding couplet is typically Shakespearean.3．What are the themes of Pride and Prejudice?1)a conservative criticism of the Romantic movement and in particular its con ceit oflove at first sight.2)Irony also permeates the novel.3)ordinary provincial life with keen observation.4)Marriage plays a huge role in the novel5)Social classes are also taken into account and play a major role as a theme6)Pride and prejudice both stand in the way of relationships,7)Family. Austen portrays the family as primarily responsible for the intellectual and moral education of children.(答出三个以上即可给全分)。
(完整word版)简明英国文学史简答题重点
1. Analyse the themes and artistic features of Beowulf.themes : The main theme of Beowulf is heroism. This involves far more than physical courage. It also means that the warrior must fulfill his obligations to the group of which he is a key member.artistic features : The most noticeable artistic feature is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of initial sounds, usually consonants, or consonant clusters. Alliteration is used off and on in modern poetry but it is an important device in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Another peculiar feature characteristic is the frequent use of kennings, to poetically present the meaning of one single word through a compound simile of two elements. Finally, the general mood and spirit of Anglo-Saxon epic poetry is both solemn and animated.2. Comment on Chaucer’s achievements and contributions with examples from his works.Chaucer learned from both French and Latin poetry and then worked out a unique style for the English poetry. The realism and humanistic concerns demonstrated in his works looked forward to the coming English Renaissance. Because he uses the English of the London dialect to compose poetry, it becomes a literary language, which is a language rich and expressive enough to use for literary purposes. We call the English used and developed by Chaucer and his contemporaries Middle English, which was the foundation of modern English. His masterpiece and representative work is The Canterbury Tales.3. Say something about Neoclassicism and its representation in Englishliterature.Neoclassicism was inspired by the rationality, simplicity grandeur of ancient Greece and Rome. These movements were between 18th and 20th centuries. There are many reasons that Neoclassicism happened in British. First, the glorious revolution made the constitutional monarchy was established. Second, there were many conflicts in the religious. Third, deism became a new force.During this time, English literature had many special changes. First English literature show respect for classic writers, especially the Roman. Second, many writers have a new thinking about poems. The poems became more formal and followed more rules.There were many good poets during this time, such as John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift and Johnson.4. Comment on Alexander Pope and his contributions to English poetry.Alexander Pope is the greatest poet of the Augustan age, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. His major works are An Essay on Criticism, An Essay on Man, The Rape of the Lock.He was so perfect in heroic couplets that no one can approach him. And in the field of satiric and didactic verse, he was the undisputed master. He popularized the neo-classical literary tradition. He was one of the early representatives of the Enlightenment who introduced into English culture the spirit of rationalism and greater interest in the human world. He represented the highest glory and authority in matters of literary art and made great contributions to the theory and practice of prosody.5. Write an introduction of Shakespeare, his life and his literary achievements.Shakespeare has been and is still one of the greatest playwrights the world has ever had. He was born and raised in Stratford-on-Avon. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer and part owner of a playing company, later known as The King’s Men. After he retired to Stratford in 1610, he still went on writing. He died in 1616. Shakespeare wrote altogether 37 plays and 154 sonnets. His contribution to the development of drama is tremendous. His major works are As You Like It, The Twelfth Night, Hamlet, King Lear and The Winter’s Tale.6. Give a historical review of the Old English Period.In about BC 600 Celts, who inhabited the upper Rhineland, started to migrate to the British Isles, and among them the Britons came to the Isles in BC 400 to BC 300. Later, the Romans invaded the British Isles. After the Romans, the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes moved to live in the British Isles. Starting from the late 8th century, the Danes from Scandinavia came plundering the Isles. The greatest historical event that followed was the Norman Conquest of 1066. And gradually the English language entered a new period of its history.。
(完整)英国文学简答题答案
1 Features of Scott’s historical novels1.Scott has on outstanding gift of vivifying the past his novels, which combine historical fact with romantic imagination， give a picturesque representation of various historical personage and events。
He was especially versed in portraying Scottish history and Scottish characters， but he also was a successful writer on the history of other countries.2.In his novels， historical events are closely interwoven with the fares of individual life。
Besides， the nominal heroes of Scott's novels， usually young men of noble birth are thrown into close companionship with ordinary. People and go through a serious of hardships and adventures。
This arrangement is convenient to the novelist in depicting characters from various social strata and their fates in historical events. But not a few of these novels are pale figures. Whose actual function in the novels is to hold together the numerous incidents of the plot and introduce other characters far more interesting than themselves？3.When Scott describes historical events， he is concerned not only with the lives and deeds of kings， Statesmen and other historical figures, but is always mindful of the fates of the ordinary people. Hence the numerous pen—portraits of the people from various soc ial positions, which constitute an important characteristic in Scott’s novels.4.Scott is a romantic. But, besides romantic imagination, he also relies upon careful studies and investigations into the details of historical life.5.Scott’s historical novels pav ed the way for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century。
英国文学简史重点汇总及简答题（完整）
英国⽂学简史重点汇总及简答题（完整）英国⽂学简史Conquests & InfluencesA. Early period: The Roman conquest(1) The Roman civilization 罗马⽂明(2) Christianity 基督教(3) Flouring (兴旺) of towns along military roadsB. The English conquest:(1) Three tribes : the Angles, Saxons and Jutes(2) Tribal society-feudalism 社会封建制度C. Medieval period: The Danish and Norman conquest(1) The French-Speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066(2) Establishment of feudalism 封建制度(3) French words came to EnglishD. Anglo-Saxon Poetry (499-1066)1.Anglo-Saxons: the ancestors of today’s Englishmen2.The beginning of history of English literature3.Features: Alliteration 头韵Rhymes metaphors押韵的⽐喻Understatements保守陈述4.The only great work: Beowulf【Beowulf】贝奥武夫( A folk song or poem )1. A national epic (史诗般的作品) of the English people.2. Pagan (异教徒的) poetry & No representative figure(没有代表性⼈物)3. A folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxon from Northern Europe.4. Praises man’s energy, intellect and love of life; and exposes the social vices. (社会的⿊暗⾯)Features of Beowulf: 1.Alliteration 2.Metaphors 隐喻3.UnderstatementsThe significance of Beowulf1.This glorious (辉煌的) epic presents us a vivid picture of the life of Anglo-Saxon people and highly praises the brave and courageous spirit of the fighting against the vices.2.The epic reflects the situations the pagan tribalism (部落⽂化) and of the era of the Christianized (基督教化) feudal society.3.The epic gives the vivid portrayal (写照) of a great national hero, strong andcourageous people and his kinfolk. (亲属)Feudal England1.The chief features of the society was division into two classes: Landlords and peasants. ( 地主和农民)2.The peasants’ rising shook the feudal system in England to the root.The Romance1.The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry (骑⼠精神).2.The English versions of romances were translated from French or Latin.3.The romance of King Arthur is the most important for the history of English literature.4.The romance’s culmination (顶点) in 《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》国王与他的圆桌骑⼠(metrical romance )5.The romance’s summing up in （托马斯·马洛⾥）Tho mas Malory’s《Le Morte D’Arthur》亚瑟王之死(in English prose散⽂)6.《Le Morte D’ Arthur》is a collection of stories about King Arthur, and translated from French by Sir Thomas Malory.【Langland】朗格兰《Piers the plowman》农民⽪尔斯written by William Langland shows the existence of English popular literature.The English Ballads 英国民谣Ballad：a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. （The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.）The various ballads of Robin Hood(罗宾汉) are gathered into a collection called: The Geste of Robin Hood 罗宾汉事迹【Chaucer】乔叟（the founder of English poetry）The three periods of C haucer’s career1. Works translated from French, as《The Romaunt of the Rose》玫瑰传奇2. Works adapted from the Italian, as《Troilus and Criseyde》特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达3.《The Canterbury Tales》坎特伯雷故事集which is purely EnglishThe Canterbury Tales’ Social Significance1. A true-to-life picture of Chaucer’s time2. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie资产阶级, Chaucer affirms men’s rights to pursue their earthly happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church3. As a forerunner先驱者of humanism, he pr aises man’s energy, intellect and love of life4. Attack social evils of his timeChaucer’s Language，now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master of world-pictures. His verse (诗) is among the smoothest in English. There are pages where, in spite of trifling (微不⾜道的) differences in spelling and grammar, hardly a single word will offer difficulties to a man of tolerable (可容忍的) readingin modern English.Chaucer’s Contribution1. He introduced heroic couplet to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English) , thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.名词解释1．Alliteration is regular repetition of the same sounds---usu. Initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables----in Old and Middle English verse:’ Kindest to kinsmen and keenest for fame’ in Beowulf Alliteration is also known as ‘initial rhyme’or‘head rhyme’.2．Epic史诗is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.3．Ballad : a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.4．Heroic Couplet：A traditional form for English poetry: it reflects to rhymed iambic pentameter lines in pairs. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Canterbury Tales.Part two：Old English in Transition (P27)1.The New Monarchy 新君主制（the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy 都铎王朝：君主集中制）2.The Reformation(the Protestant Reformation 新教改⾰；宗教⽂化精神改⾰)3. The English Bible：Then appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James Ⅰ and so was sometimes called the King James Bible. (The result is a monument (不朽的作品) of English language and English literature.)3. The Enclosure Movement (圈地运动)4. The Renaissance (⽂艺复兴) and Humanism （⼈道主义）(1). The Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.(2). People had a thirsting curiosity好奇⼼for the classical literature.(3) People showed the keen interest in the activities of humanity.(4). People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.5. Humanism is the essence（本质）of the Renaissance.A. The Renaissance, therefore, is a history period in which the Europe humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman catholic church.B. Humanism(1).Humanism emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and theworth of life in this world.(2) .Man is the measure of all things.(3) .Man has ability to perfect themselves, to develop the individual.(4) .Man should enjoy the present life.【Thomas More】托马斯·莫尔1.《Utopia》is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation （dialogue）between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager (航海者).2. The name ‘Utopia’ comes from two Greek words meaning ‘no place’ and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.The Flowering of English Literature （P38Drama and Prose 散⽂)【Sir Philip Sidney】西德尼Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and critic of poetry.His collection of love sonnets (⼗四⾏诗),《Astrophel and Stella》1591爱星者与星星, His《Apology for Poetry》为诗辩护is one of the earliest English literary essays. It“the school of abuse.”【Edmund Spenser】斯宾塞( The Poet’s Poet of the period )The Shepheardes Calendar 《牧⽺⼈⽇历》1579Spenser’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene 《荣光⼥王》/《仙后》It is an allegorical work（寓⾔作品）dedicated to Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节：A nine-line stanza of 8 lines in iambic pentameter plus an iambic hexameter 6-foot line. ⼀共九⾏诗，前⼋⾏⾏扬格五步⾳，第九⾏抑格六步⾳（abab baba c）Spenser’s position in English literature : Spenser has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and his influence can betraced in the works of Milton, Shelley and Keats.【Francis Bacon】培根（famous for his Essays；Of Studies随笔集）The founder of English materialist philosophy. 唯物主义哲学1)his inductive method of reasoning and learning(归纳推理法) proved to be seminaland critically important to the development of modern science and the progress of humankind2)his thought system represented the beginnings of materialism in Englishphilosophy（英国唯物主义哲学）Bacon was the founder of modern science in England.The English version of his part forms his《Advancement of Learning》学问的发展.Then followed his《New Instrument》新⼯具论.A wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, studies, youth and many others.作品⽂风：Clearness, brevity and forceEnglish Drama : the miracles（神迹剧）—the morality（道德剧）—the interlude （幕间剧）—the classical dramaThere was a group of so-called “university wits”⼤学才⼦（Lyly，Peele，Marlowe，Greene，Lodge and Nash）who wrote for the stage of the time.【Marlowe】马洛：the most gifted of the “university wits”works:《Tamburlaine》帖⽊⽿⼤帝《The Jew of Malta》马⽿他岛的犹太⼈《Doctor Faustus》浮⼠德博⼠（Marlowe’s masterpiece）Marlowe was the greatest of the pioneers（拓荒者）of English drama.Marlowe first made blank verse（留⽩：对莎⼠⽐亚影响重⼤）the principal medium of English drama.P55【William Shakespeare】Drama:37四⼤悲剧Great tragedies:《》麦克⽩《King Lear》李尔王《Othello》奥赛罗四⼤喜剧Great comedies: 《A Midsummer Night’s Dream》仲夏夜之梦《The Merchant of Venice》威尼斯商⼈(“grave comedy”) 《As You Like It》皆⼤欢喜《Twelfth Night》第⼗⼆夜In Sonnet 18, he eulogizes the power of artistic creation Blank verse is the principal form of his dramasShakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in total, were first published as a collection in 1609 The Shakespearean or English sonnet rhymed “abab cdcd efef gg”Themes: love、Beauty、mortality、the effects of timeStyle: grace in form, depth in thought, and vivacity in toneFeatures of Shakespeare’s Drama:(1)Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature.(2)Shakespeare was a great master of the English language.(3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms：the song, the sonnet, the couple, and the dramatic blank verse.(4)Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation.(5)Shakespeare’s long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting.评价：1.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest playwright or poet in the whole world.2.All English writers of any importance cannot escape from Shakespeare’sinfluence.(影响单⼀：⽂艺复兴)【Ben Jonson】本·琼森（他的去世标志着伊丽莎⽩时代的结束）he was the last great Elizabethan and probably the first poet laureate（桂冠诗⼈）and the first literary dictator（⽂学泰⽃）in English history.Roman Tragedies:Sejanus 《席阶纳斯》Cateline 《克蒂琳》Comedies:Every Man in His Humor《个性互异》V olpone, or the Fox 《福尔彭奈，或狐狸》The Alchemist 《炼⾦术⼠》Bartholomew Fair 《巴梭罗缪市集》his reputation as a playwright was established by the success of his first comedy,Every Man in His Humour《个性互异》Jonson’s comedies are “comedies of humours”幽默的喜剧（behaviour, thoughts and manner of speech）In 1616 he published his Works《作品》, the complete collection of his poetrybring the classic form of the tree unities——unity of action, unity of time, andunity of place——back to the stage（把古典的三⼀原则——情节⼀致，时间⼀致和地点⼀致带回舞台）the heroic couplet（英雄双韵体）that he used in the poem was to become atyrannical bogue in the next century, and his emphasis on “nature” the basicprinciple in 18th century literary criticism【King James’ Bible】(最终形成于3世纪初)1)consists of 2 parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament旧约和新约2)The Old Testament: history and religious beliefs of the Jews3)The New Testament: the life of Jesus Christ and the birth and the growth of theChristian faith (创世)4）the authorized bible came into being in 1611【The 17th Century】basic features of the literature of the period:Seek certainty and intellectual harmony on the one hand, and to address thequestion of values through violence and sexualityThe main literary form of the early 17th century was poetry.P116【John Donne】约翰邓恩Metaphysical Poetry/Poe t ⽞学派诗歌/诗⼈Basic features: wit or conceit巧智&奇思妙喻The Flea《跳蚤》Valediction: Forbidden Mourning 《告别》The novelty consists in the comparison of two separate lovers to the legs of acompass圆规【John Milton】约翰弥尔顿The third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare, and the greatest to come out of the 17th century.His life can be roughly divided into three phrases:1）The early phase of reading and lyric writing 抒情2）The middle phrase of service in the Puritan Revolution （清教）andpamphleteering（⼩册⼦）for it3）The last phrase of epic writing史诗( the greatest)作品：Two influential writings in Latin:In Denfense of the British People《为英国⼈民辩护》More in Defense of the British People《再为英国⼈民辩护》Paradise Lost《失乐园》：religious work, blank verse；One notable feature of the epic is evident ambiguity in the poet’s attitude toward God, the devil, and man.Samson Agonistes《⼒⼠参孙》：Verse drama, can be seen as objectifying（物化）the poet’s own unflinching spirit ；Samson is Milton.Lycidas《利西达斯》【John Dryden】约翰德莱顿：第⼀位新古典主义作家He was notorious for his frequent face-about in face of the changing politicalclimate of his day.In historical retrospect, Dryden is remembered for 2 things he did admirablywell for his country’s literature.His successful effort to prune the Elizabethan language of its formless exuberance and turn it into a cool, lucid, plain and natural medium for English writing.He was the first Neoclassic writer in English literary history.第⼀位新古典主义作家He made the heroic couplet(英雄双韵体)almost the one poetic medium acceptable for poetry.English literary criticism英语⽂学批评：The father of English criticismH is tragedy All for Love deals with the same story as William Shakespeare’sAntony and Cleopatra.【John Bunyan】约翰班扬When he was in prison he wrote--The Pilgrim’s Progress.《天路历程》is areligious allegory. 宗教寓⾔The Celestial City in The Pilgrim’s Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist.One of the most remarkable passages is that in which Vanity Fair.名利场It is popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible. 《天路历程》被称为“英国⼈的圣经”Chapter 6P127【Neo-classicism】新古典主义：18世纪中期到19世纪盛⾏【Alexander Pope】亚历⼭⼤蒲柏Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape Of the Lock 《卷发遇劫记》：Mock epic讽刺史诗: of five cantos about “a Homeric struggle of the tea cups”Essay on Men《⼈论》An Epistle to Dr.Arbuthnot《致阿布斯诺医⽣书》The Dunciad《群愚史诗》P178【Richard Brinsley Sheridan】谢⽴丹：He is considered to be the only important English dramatist of the 18th century.作品：The Rivals《情敌》The School for Scandal《造谣学校》:a great comedy of mannersa great comedy of manners (风俗喜剧)【Romanticism】浪漫主义P195【William Blake】布莱克pre-romantic writerHis major works, Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》and Songs of Experience《经验之歌》are his voluminous prophetic and mystical writings.天真：The Little Black Boy and The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱的孩⼦经验：A Little Boy Lost and The Tiger ⽼虎【Robert Burns】罗伯特·彭斯pre-romantic writer （regard as the national ofScotland）His Poems : Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect 《苏格兰⽅⾔诗集》Numerous are Burn’s songs of love and friendship ：A Red, Red RoseMain Works：“John Anderson, my Jo ”约翰.安德⽣，我的爱⼈The Tree of Liberty ⾃由树A Red Red Rose⼀朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长My Heart's in the Highland 我的⼼在⾼原P138【Jonathan Swift】乔纳森斯威夫特1) one of the realist writers.2) expresses democratic ideas in his works.3 ) one of the greatest masters of English prose.The Battle of the Books《书战》A Tale of a Tub 《⼀只⽊桶的故事》, one of his greatest satires Pamphlets: The Drapier’s Letters 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal 《⼀个温和的建议》Gulliver’s T ravels 《格列夫游记》：the novel is a bitter satire and harsh criticism of all aspects in the then English and European life philosophically, socially, politically, scientifically, religiously, and morally.Swift: a man intensively critical of his fault, and believing in progress and the goodness of human nature and all the 18th century values.Swif t is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous.P146【Daniel Defoe】丹尼尔·笛福Pamphleteer 政治宣传册作家Defoe was a kind of jack-of –all-trades. 多才多艺He was a radical nonconformist (不信奉国教的⼈) in religion.His works：Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨孙漂流记》, Captain Singleton , Moll Flanders and Colonel Jacque (adventure)P153【Samuel Richardson】查理孙epistolary novel 书信体⼩说Pamela《帕梅拉》became a “best-seller” of the day .Clarissa is the best of Richardson’s novel.His main achievement as a novelist lies in his technique to show characters as personalities, thinking and feeling for themselves.P156【Henry Fielding】亨利菲尔丁“Father of the English realistic novel”He was the first to give the modern novel its structure and genre (style). Joseph Andrews 《约瑟夫安德鲁斯》The History of Jonathan Wild the Great《伟⼤的乔纳森·王尔德》Tom Jones the Founding《弃⼉汤姆琼斯》H e n r y F i e l d i n g’s m e t h o d o f r e l a t i n g a s t o r y i s t e l l i n g t h e s t o r y d i r e c t l y b y t h ea u t h o r.S a t i r e ab o u n d s e v e r y w h e r e i n h i s w o r k.Fielding is a master of style. His style is easy, smooth and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous.P128【Addison and Steele】The two names linked together because of their life-long friendship and the partnership in literary career.Steele and The Tatler闲谈者Addison and The Spectator旁观者1)They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century. Intheir hands, English essay has completely established itself as a literature genre.2)Literary Term: Free EssayP265【Scott】司各特W a l t e r S c o t t was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. Many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature.O n t h e h i s t o r y o f S c o t l a n dWaverleyOld MortalityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianO n E n g l i s h h i s t o r yIvanhoeO n t h e h i s t o r y o f F r a n c e a n d o t h e r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e sQuentin DurwardP244【Keats】济慈His aesthetic theory of “negative capability”Main Works：Poems，《诗集》，his first book.Five long poemsEndymion,《恩底弥翁》his first long poemIsabella《伊莎贝拉》The Pot of Basil芳⾹的草本植物The Eve of St. Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前⼣》Lamia 《莱⽶亚》Hyperion 《赫坡⾥昂》Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂Ode To A Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Autumn 秋颂Ode on Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to Psyche ⼼灵颂Ode on Indolence 懒惰颂【Shelley】雪莱Shelley is one of the greatest English lyrical poets. He expresses his love for freedom and his hatred towards tyranny. Shelley is one of the most important dramatists of English Romanticism. His greatest achievement in theater lies in his poetic drama Prometheus Unbound.His Works：Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark云雀颂The Cloud云Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗⽶修斯》Queen Mab 麦布⼥王The Masque of Anarchy 《专治魔王的化装游⾏》The Necessity of Atheism《⽆神论的重要性》A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》【Byron】拜伦Main Works：Don Juan（Byron’s masterpiece）《唐?璜》Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》When We Two Parted 《昔⽇依依别》She walks in Beauty《她在美中⾏》Poetic Drama:ManfredCainThe Two FoscariOriental Tales：The GiaourThe CorsairLaraB y r o n i c H e r o：a proud revolutionary figure of noble origin, rising single handed against any kind of tyrannic rules in government or religion or moral society with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.His hero is known as “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. . For such a hero, the conflict is usually one of rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions.【Coleridge】柯勒律治In 1797 he began his friendship with Wordsworth. In 1798 they published The Lyrical Ballads.Demonic poems神祗诗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古⾈⼦吟》Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》ChristabelConversational poems 对话诗Frost at MorningDejection: An OdeEssaysBiographia Literaria ⽂学传记Lectures on Shakespeare.Coleridge is a great Romantic poet. His poetic imagination is unique. He is fond of unusual and supernatural things.【William Wordsworth】威廉·华兹华斯1)L y r i c a l B a l l a d s《抒情歌谣集》f o l l o w e d b y“T h e P r e f a c e t o t h e L y r i c a lB a l l a d s”—s e r v e d a s t h e m a n i f e s t o o f t h e E n g l i s h R o m a n t i c M o v e m e n t i n p o e t r y.2)f a m o u s s h o r t p o e m s：A b o u t n a t u r e：“I w o n d e r e d L o n e l y a s a C l o u d”“独⾃漫游似浮云”，o r“T h eD a f f o d i l s”“咏⽔仙”“I n t i m a t i o n o f I m m o r t a l i t y”“不朽颂”【George Eliot】(Victorian era)She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss , Silas Marner , Middlemarch , and Daniel Deronda , most of themset in provincial England and known for their realism and psychologicalinsight.【Thackeray】1.Thackeray was a representative of critical realists of the 19th century England2.Thackeray is a satirist. His satire is caustic(刻薄的，尖锐的) and hishumor subtle(精妙的).3.Thackeray is a moralist. His aim is to produce a moral impression in all hisnovels.1) The Book of Snobs《势利⼈脸谱》2) Vanity Fair《名利场》(A Novel Without a Hero)3) The History of Pendennis《彭登尼斯》4) The Newcomes《纽克姆⼀家》5) The History of Henny Esmond《亨利?埃斯蒙德》6) The Virginians《弗吉尼亚⼈》P277【Dickens】The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克先⽣外传》Oliver Twist《奥列佛?特维斯特》：FaginNicholas Nickleby《尼古拉斯?尼克尔贝》The Old Curiosity Shop《⽼古玩店》Barnaby Rudge《巴纳⽐?拉奇》American Notes《游美札记》Martin Chuzzlewit《马丁?朱什尔维特》A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》Dombey and Son《董贝⽗⼦》David Copperfield《⼤卫?科波菲尔》Bleak House《荒凉⼭庄》Hard Times《艰难时事》Little Dorrit《⼩杜丽》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》(Dickens takes the French Revolution as the subject of his novel, and the “two cities” are Paris and London in the time of that revolution) Great Expectations《远⼤前程》Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》Dickens’ novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter.【Charlotte Bronte】Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte’s masterpiece, tells the story of an orphan girl.S h i r l e y,《舍丽》V i l l e t t e,《维莱特》【Emily Bronte】Emily Bronte published only one novel, Wuthering Heights .【Jane Austen】简?奥斯丁Works：Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Pride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkEmmaNorthanger AbbeyPersuasionRomanticism has five prominent characteristics:1. The Romantic Movement was a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom, which generally tend to fetter the free human spirit.2. Romanticism returned to nature and to plain humanity for its material.3. It is marked by renewed interest in medieval ideals and literature.4. Romanticism was marked by intense human sympathy, an understanding of the human heart. The sympathy for the poor, and the cry against oppression grew stronger.5. The Romantic Movement was the expression of individual genius rather than of established rules.A Comparison Between Byron, Shelley, Keats：1. Under the influence of the ideas behind the revolutions in America,especially in France, all three looked at the world in a new and striking way.Their poetry reflected discontent against outworn tradition and conditions.But their attitudes, resulted from frustrations of their efforts in revoltingagainst the established code and the ugliness of society, are different. Byron turned somewhat pessimistic, even cynical; Keats showed certain aloofness from the interests of worldly life and seemed seeking refuge in an idealistic world of illusions and dreams; only Shelley never lost his optimism. All his life he cherished the hope for a better world.2.All of their poetry excels in imagery. In Byron’s poems, the imagelargely created through allusions; in Keats’s poems they are createdchiefly through elaborate and decorative description of nature, showingthe beauty of line, color, shape, odor and taste; in Shelley’s theexquisiteness of figurative language and symbolism extols 赞美thevisionary scenes, while the spontaneous flow from the poet’s heart isfull of youthful freshness and enthusiasm.3. Their poetry has a powerful musical effect. The stirring rhythms of Byron’s poems grip and hold the reader like martial 战争的music; in Keats’s it is touching melody; Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind is a wild symphony交响乐, and his many other poems are like some ethereal 天上的music, seemly descending from some heavenly place, appealing profoundly to the heart.4.Byron employs a manly and racy有活⼒的style, Shelley’s poetry shows excellence of artistry and the unification of ideas and form; in many aspects, Keats’s the best workman of t hem all. His poetry shows the mastery of artistic form, and the harmony of word and thoughts shows more perfection of artistic finish 完美.Lake Poets 湖畔派诗⼈In English literature Lake Poets refer to such romantic poets as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey who lived in the Lake District. They came to be known as the Lake School or “Lakers”.18～19世纪的英国浪漫主义诗歌流派。
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2.What are the basic characteristics of ballads?
a.The beginning is often abrupt.
b.There are strong dramatic elements.
e.It is entirely wanting in all those elements that are related with the “romantic”.
c.As elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred, the poet foundclosed coupletthe only possible verse form for serious work.
d.It is almost exclusively a “town” poetry, catering to the interests of the “society” on great cities. The humbler aspects of life are neglected and it shows no love of nature, landscape, or country things and people.
e.Shakespeare as a great poet:Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry.
1.What are Shakespeare’s achievements?
a.Shakespeare represented the trend of historyin giving voice to de desires and aspirations of the people.
b.Shakespeare’s humanism: more important than his historical sense of his time, Shakespeare in his plays reflects the spirit of his age.
4.How do you sum up the characteristics of Neo-Classicism?
a.People emphasizedreasonrather than emotion,formrather than content.
b.As reason was stressed, most of the writings of the age were didactic and satirical.
c.The story is often told through dialogue and action.
d.The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comic ballads.
e.The ballad meter is used.
3.How do youHale Waihona Puke interpret Humanism?
With the spreading of the Greek and Roman culture there appeared a number of humanist scholars whotook great interest in the welfare of human beings.According to themit was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life. They argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life.In religion they demanded the reformation of the church, in art and literature,instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman Catholic Church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.
c.Shakespeare’s characterization:Shakespeare was most successful in his characterization. In his plays he described a great number of characters.
d.Shakespeare’s originality:Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audience. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays.