五年级英语期中检测及答案
盘锦市2024届五年级英语第二学期期中统考试题含答案

盘锦市2024届五年级英语第二学期期中统考试题(时间:90分钟分数:100分)学校_______ 班级_______ 姓名_______一、单项选择(每题2分,共20分)。
1.I often _______ on the weekend. ( )A. going shoppingB. go shoppingC. goes shopping2.—Is Mother’s Day in June? ( )—_________A. Yes, I can.B. Yes, it is.C. No, it isn’t.3.________ you please show me that toy train. ( )A. DoB. ShouldC. Would4.公园par__ ( )A. kB. cC. n5.—What do you do after school? ( )—________A. I like weekends.B. I watch TV at noon.C. I often do homework.6.A. got B. went C. fever7.We ________ on Tree Planting Day. ( )A. make a wishB. plant treesC. pick apples8.—Please return the book in a month. ( )—_______A. Sorry, I can’t.B. Yes, I will.C. It’s a nice book.9.—When do you get up? ( )—I often get up ______ 7.00 a.m.A.onB. inC. at10.China is ______. ( )A. changingB. changeC. changes二、读单词,选出不同类的一项(每题2分,共10分)。
2024-2025学年人教版(PEP)小学五年级英语上册期中素质自测试卷及答案

2024-2025学年人教版(PEP)小学五年级英语上册期中素质自测试卷班级:________________ 学号:________________ 姓名:______________一、听力题(每题3分)Question 1:Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.A. I like apples.B. I like oranges.C. I like bananas.Answer: AQuestion 2:Listen to the recording and circle the word you hear.A. bookB. bagC. boxAnswer: BQuestion 3:Listen to the sentence and write down the missing word.She________(has/had) a headache yesterday.Answer: hadQuestion 4:Listen to the conversation and answer the question.When is John’s birthday?A. June 1stB. July 1stC. August 1stAnswer: AQuestion 5:Listen to the passage and tick the correct picture.(Here you can provide a description of two different pictures related to the passage, but since I cann ot attach images, I’ll just describe them verbally.)Picture 1: A girl is playing with a doll.Picture 2: A boy is playing football.Passage:John likes playing football on weekends. He thinks it’s fun.Answer: Picture 2 (A boy playing football)二、单选题(每题3分)1.Which one is NOT a subject in school?A. MathB. ArtC. FootballD. ScienceAnswer: C2.What is your favorite fruit?A. I like playing football.B. I like apples.C. I have a pen.D. She is my friend.Answer: B3.What time do you usually go to bed?A. I usually go to bed at 9:00 p.m.B. I’m going to the zoo.C. I like singing.D. She is a doctor.Answer: A4.How do you go to school every day?A. I go to school by bus.B. I like reading books.C. She is tall.D. He is my brother.Answer: A5.What does your father do?A. He is a teacher.B. She is a nurse.C. I’m a student.D. He likes cooking.Answer: A三、多选题(每题4分)1.Which of the following are school subjects? (Choose two.)A. BasketballB. MathC. ArtD. RunningAnswer: B and C2.What do we need to do when we cross the road? (Choose two.)A. Run quicklyB. Look left and rightC. Wear a helmetD. Wait for the green lightAnswer: B and D3.Which of these are healthy eating habits? (Choose two.)A. Eating a lot of candyB. Drinking plenty of waterC. Skipping breakfastD. Eating vegetables and fruitsAnswer: B and D4.What are the common ways to say “hello” in English? (Choose two.)A. HiB. GoodbyeC. HelloD. Thank youAnswer: A and C5.Which seasons do you think are the best for outdoor activities? (Choose two.)A. SpringB. SummerC. AutumnD. WinterAnswer: A, B, and C (Note: Although technically three options are provided, if the question requires choosing only two, the answer can be A and B orA and C orB and C, depending on the context. However, for the purpose ofthis example, I’m including all three as valid answers since all three seasons are typically considered good for outdoor activities.)四、阅读理解(每题4分)Reading ComprehensionPassage:Hello, my name is Tom. I am a student in Grade Five. I like sports very much. My favorite sport is basketball. I often play basketball with my friends after school. On weekends, I usually watch basketball games on TV. I also like swimming. In summer, I often go swimming with my family in the swimming pool.My favorite food is hamburgers. They are delicious. But my parents say hamburgers are not healthy food. They want me to eat more vegetables and fruit. So I also eat a lot of apples, bananas, and carrots.In my free time, I like reading books. I have many books about science and history. I learn a lot from them.Questions:1.What is Tom’s favorite sport? (4 points)•Answer: Basketball.2.What does Tom often do on weekends? (4 points)•Answer: He often watches basketball games on TV.3.What food does Tom like very much? (4 points)•Answer: Hamburgers.4.What do Tom’s parents think of hamburgers? (4 points)•Answer: They think hamburgers are not healthy food.5.What does Tom like to do in his free time? (4 points)•Answer: He likes reading books.五、作文(30分)Title: My Favorite SeasonDirections:Write a short composition about your favorite season. Describe the reasons why you like it and what activities you usually do in that season.(Around 60 words)Model Composition:My favorite season is autumn. I love it because the weather is cool and the leaves change their colors, turning into beautiful shades of yellow, orange, and red. During autumn, I often go for hikes in the woods to enjoy the scenery.I also like to pick apples from the trees in our backyard. The air smellsso fresh and sweet in autumn, making me feel relaxed and happy.Your Composition:(Please write your composition here.)[Note: The student should write a similar composition based on the given model, describing their favorite season, the reasons for liking it, and the activities they enjoy during that season.]。
2024年最新人教版五年级英语(上册)期中考卷及答案(各版本)

专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. Which of the following is NOT a part of speech in English?A. NounB. AdverbC. ConjunctionD. PrepositionA. amB. isC. areD. be3. What is the past tense of the verb "do"?A. didB. doneC. doesD. doing4. Which word is a plural noun?A. ChildB. ChildrenC. ChildsD. Childs'5. Which sentence is in the present continuous tense?A. She reads a book.B. She is reading a book.C. She read a book.D. She has read a book.二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. The word "cat" is a singular noun. ( )2. "I am eating an apple" is in the past tense. ( )3. "He can swim" is a negative sentence. ( )4. "She is playing the piano" is in the present simple tense. ( )5. "They are going to the cinema" is a future tense sentence. ( )三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. The opposite of "big" is _______.2. "I _______ to the park every weekend."3. _______ is the past tense of "go".4. The plural form of "mouse" is _______.5. "She _______ a cake for my birthday."四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. What are the three main parts of a sentence?2. Write the past tense of "write".3. Give an example of an adverb.4. What is the opposite of "hot"?5. How do you form the plural of "bus"?五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: "She buys a new dress."2. Change the sentence into a question: "He is reading a book."3. Make the sentence negative: "They can swim."4. Fill in the correct form of be: "_______ you a student?"5. Write a sentence using the future tense: "I _______ to the party."六、分析题(每题5分,共10分)1. Analyze the sentence "If it rains, we will stay at home." What is the condition and the result?2. Compare and contrast the past simple tense and the present perfect tense.七、实践操作题(每题5分,共10分)1. Write a short dialogue between two friends planning a vacation.2. Create a story using at least five different tenses.八、专业设计题(每题2分,共10分)1. 设计一个简单的英语学习计划,包括每天的学习内容和目标。
人教PEP版小学英语五年级下册期中质量检测卷+参考答案

2022—2023学年度第二学期期中考试五年级英语试题题号一二三四五六七八九十总分得分Listening Part听力部分(共四大题,计40分)一、听录音,选择你所听到的单词。
每小题读两遍。
(共10小题,计10分)( ) 1. A. always B. often C. usually( ) 2. A. February B. March C. May( ) 3. A. spring B. spoon C. fall( ) 4. A. lunch B. dinner C. doctor( ) 5. A. winter B. window C. want( ) 6. A. November B. September C. October( ) 7. A. water B. walk C. world( ) 8. A. June B. July C. January( ) 9. A. letter B. late C. lake( ) 10. A. paint B. pink C. pick二、听录音,选择与你所听到对话相符的图片。
每小题读两遍。
(共5小题,计10分)( ) 1. A. B. C.( ) 2. A. B. C.( ) 3. A. B. C.( ) 4. A. B. C.( ) 5. A. B. C.三、听录音,选择所听句子正确的应答语。
每小题读两遍。
(共5小题,计10分)( ) 1. A. At 6:00 p.m. B. At 7:30 a.m. C. In the afternoon.( ) 2. A. I like winter vacation. B. There is lots of snow.C. Because I can play in the snow.( ) 3. A. It’s in October. B. It’s in July.C. It’s in January.( ) 4. A. I’ll sing a song. B. I can draw cartoons.C. I often play the pipa.( ) 5. A. No. It’s in October. B. No, it isn’t.C. Yes, it is.四、听录音,选择正确的答案。
2023年五年级英语(下册)期中综合试题及答案

2023年五年级英语(下册)期中综合试题及答案(满分:100分时间:60分钟)一、从下列每组单词中选出不同类的一项。
(10分)1、()A.plant B.tree C.fly2.()A.play B.football C.kites 3.()A.make B.swim C.snowman 4.()A.best B.have C.do5.()A.like B.you C.I二、选出下列每组中单词画线部分发音不同的一项。
(10分)1、()A.theirs B.birthday C.anything 2.()A.chicken B.China C.Christmas 3.()A.sports B.work C.morning 4.()A.leaf B.weather C.bread 5.()A.which B.where C.whose三、选择填空。
(20分)1、________ your favourite season? ()A.What B.What's C.Why2、It’s 7 o'clock now.He is _____breakfast. ()A.drinking B.eating C.has3、The library is on the ____ floor. ()A.one B.two C.second 4、—We have two English classes this afternoon. ()—Really? We have English, .A.two B.too C.to 5、—________ is your computer? ()—It's on the desk.A.Who B.What C.Where 6、I’m ______. I’d like some water. ()A.hungry B.thirsty C.tired 7、This is __________________duck. ()A.my B.an C.you 8、—Who's that woman? ()—_______is my mother.A.She B.He C.It9、There are four _______ in a year. ()A.seasons B.days C.weeks 10、What would you like _______? ()A.drink B.to drink C.drinks 四、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
人教PEP小学英语五年级上册期中测试题及答案(共3套)

人教PEP小学英语五年级上册期中测试题(一)(时间:60分钟分值:100分)听力部分一、听录音,选出你所听到的单词。
每小题听一遍。
(10分)()1. A. read B. speak C. beef()2. A. tea B. eat C. see()3. A. feed B. meet C. feet()4. A. meat B. teacher C. repeat ()5. A. park B. sport C. watch 二、听录音,给下列图片排序。
每小题听两遍。
(10分)1. 2.()()3. 4. 5.()()()三、听句子,选择合适的应答语。
每小题听两遍。
(10分)()1. A. Yes, I do.B. No, I do.()2. A. I do my homework.B. I have English, art and PE.()3. A. I often watch TV.B. I like Saturdays.()4. A. We have Chinese, English and PE on Mondays.B. We play football on Mondays.()5. A. I like the park.B. I play ping-pong.笔试部分一、判断下列画线部分发音是(T)否(F)一致。
(10分)()1. old robot()2. shy baby()3. windy sunny()4. young party()5. happy sorry二、根据图片提示写单词或短语。
(10分)1. 2. 3._________ _________ _________4. 5._________ _________三、单项选择。
(20分)()1. They ______ hard-working.A. isB. amC. are ()2. —What’s he ______?—He’s tall and thin.A. likeB. doingC. is like ()3. —______you know him?—Yes, he is my brother.A. DoB. WhatC. How ()4. —What do you do on Sundays?—________A. I often play sports.B. I can play computer games.C. I have Chinese and English.()5. —What do you do on the weekend?—________A. I play sports. What about you?B. I listen to music, too.C. What do you do on Saturdays?四、给下列句子排序,使之组成一段完整的对话。
五年级期中考试卷英语【含答案】
五年级期中考试卷英语【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. Which word is an adjective?A. RunB. HappyC. JumpD. Eat2. What is the past tense of "go"?A. GoedB. WentC. GonedD. Goed3. Which sentence is correct?A. She don't like apples.B. They goes to school bus.C. He can swim very well.D. I am liking English.4. Choose the correct form of "be":A. I amB. She amC. He beD. They is5. What is the opposite of "big"?A. SmallB. TallC. ShortD. Fat二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. "Cat" is a noun. ( )2. "Run" can be a noun and a verb. ( )3. "I am" is the present tense of "be". ( )4. "She am going to the library" is a correct sentence. ( )5. "Fast" and "quickly" have the same meaning. ( )三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. I ________ (like) playing soccer.2. She ________ (go) to the park yesterday.3. We ________ (have) a math test next week.4. They ________ (watch) TV every evening.5. He ________ (be) a teacher.四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. What is a noun?2. What is the past tense of "do"?3. What is the opposite of "hot"?4. Write two sentences using "can".5. What is the difference between "like" and "love"?五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)1. Translate "I go to school bike" into Spanish.2. Write a sentence using "because".3. Make a question using "where".4. Write a sentence using "every day".5. Change "She doesn't like apples" into a positive sentence.六、分析题(每题5分,共10分)1. Expln the difference between "I like" and "I would like".2. Describe the difference between "now" and "then".七、实践操作题(每题5分,共10分)1. Write a short story using at least 5 different adjectives.2. Describe your favorite place using at least 5 different adverbs.八、专业设计题(每题2分,共10分)1. Design a poster for an English club at your school.2. Create a vocabulary board game for your classmates.3. Plan a short English play about a magical adventure.4. Design an English workbook for beginners.5. Create an English learning app for kids.九、概念解释题(每题2分,共10分)1. Expln the difference between "adjective" and "adverb".2. What is a "verb"?3. Describe the use of "present perfect" tense.4. Expln the concept of "homophones".5. What is a "preposition"?十、思考题(每题2分,共10分)1. How can you improve your English speaking skills?2. What are the benefits of learning a second language?3. How can English help you in your future career?4. What are some effective ways to memorize new words?5. How can you make English learning more fun and engaging?十一、社会扩展题(每题3分,共15分)1. Write a letter to a pen pal in an English-speaking country.2. Describe a popular English festival and how it is celebrated.3. Research and write about the influence of English on global munication.4. Write a short essay on the importance of cultural exchange through learning English.5. Create a plan to promote English language learning in your munity.本专业课原理概述部分试卷答案及知识点总结如下:一、选择题答案1. B2. B3. C4. A5. A二、判断题答案1. √2. √3. √4. ×5. ×三、填空题答案1. like2. went3. have4. watch5. is四、简答题答案1. A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.2. The past tense of "do" is "did".3. The opposite of "hot" is "cold".4. I can swim. She can dance.5. "Like" is used when you enjoy something but it is not your favorite. "Love" is used when something is your favorite and you have strong feelings for it.五、应用题答案1. Yo voy a la escuela en bicicleta.2. I went to the park because it was a sunny day.3. Where do you go after school?4. I eat breakfast every day.5. She likes apples.六、分析题答案1. "I like" is used to express a general preference. "I would like" is more formal and is used to politely make a request or express a desire.2. "Now" refers to the present moment, while "then" refers to a past moment.七、实践操作题答案1. Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess with long, shiny hr. She lived in a big, grand castle surrounded a deep, blue moat. Every day, she would walk through the lush, green gardens and talk to the friendly, little birds. One day,a handsome prince came to the castle and asked the princess to dance with him. They danced together under the sparkling, starry sky and lived happily ever after.2. My favorite place is the beach. The sand is soft and white, the water is crystal clear, and the waves gently crash onto the shore. The sunsets are breathtaking, and the sound of the waves is soothing. I love walking along the beach, feeling the warm sun on my skin and the cool breeze in my hr. Every time I visit the beach, I feel relaxed and happy.知识点总结及题型考察学生知识点详解:一、选择题:主要考察学生对英语词汇及语法的掌握,包括词性、时态、句型结构等。
人教PEP版小学五年级下册英语期中测试试卷及答案
人教PEP版小学五年级下册英语期中测试试卷及答案(附听力材料)听力部分(40分)一、 Listen and choose.(选出你听到的单词或词组。
) (10分)()1. A. eat breakfast B. eat lunch C. eat dinner ()2. A.spring B. summer C.autumn()3. A. often B. usually C. sometimes()4. A.January B. June C. July()5. A.trip B. holiday C. vacation二、Listen and tick or cross. (判断与图片内容是否相符“T”或“F”。
) (10分)三、Listen and choose.(听问句,选择恰当的答语。
)(10分)() 1.A.At 5 o’clock. B. In 5 o’clock() 2.A.Winter. B. The four seasons.() 3.A.Because I like snow. B. Because I can pick apples .() 4. A. It’s in January. B. We have an Easter party. () 5. A.I really like the singing contest. B.Yes四、Listen and write.(听一听,写一写)(10分)Saturdays.Writing part (笔试部分)(60分)五、Read and choose.(判断下列每组单词的划线部分读音是否相同, 正确写“T”,错误写“F”。
)(10分)() 2. clock class uncle() 3. li br ary um br ella br own() 4.Chinese China children() 5.sheep fish chicken六、Read , choose and write.(选词填空。
小学五年级上册英语期中试卷及答案
小学五年级上册英语期中试卷及答案小学五年级上册英语期中试卷及答案可打印对于小学生来说,英语经常要背单词,那么关于五年级上册英语期中试卷怎么做呢?以下是我准备的一些小学五年级上册英语期中试卷及答案,仅供参考。
小学五年级上册英语期中试卷一、听一遍。
8分( )1.A fridge B front C from D forest( )2 A afraid B friend C again Dgreat( )3 A swing B swim C swimming D sing( )4 A hi B high C eight D light( )5 A tails B eyes C ears D wings( )6 A hobby B Bobby C puppy D happy( )7 A thirsty B third C thirty D thirteen( )8 A horse B house C has D have二、听录音,选出所听句子的答句,听两遍。
6分( )1. A.Here’s a glass of water. B. Here’s a hamburger for you.C.You can go to bed now.( )2.A. There are some computers. B. There is only one. C There’re two offices.( )3. A. Yes,they are. B. Some little dogs. C. Yes, there are.( )4. A. There are four. B. I can see four. C. It has four.( )5.A. It’s Mike’s. B.He’s Liu Tao. C. Helen’s.( )6.A. I can play football. B. Playing football. C. Football.三、听对话,选出所给问题的最佳选项,听两遍。
2023年五年级英语(下册)期中真题试卷及答案
2023年五年级英语(下册)期中真题试卷及答案(满分:100分时间:60分钟)一、从下列每组单词中选出不同类的一项。
(10分)1、()A.west B.moon C.south2.()A.interesting B.beautiful C.remember 3.()A.holiday B.June C.July4.()A.went B.get C.stay5.()A.there B.parent C.grandma二、选出下列每组中单词画线部分发音不同的一项。
(10分)1、()A.cheat B.cheap C.sheep 2.()A.chair B.hai C.may 3.()A.yes B.July C.June 4.()A.pear B.near C.deer 5.()A.grass B.glass C.glad三、选择填空。
(20分)1、—________ you like bananas? ()—Yes, I do.A.Do B.Are C.Is2、— When is Mid-Autumn Day? ()—It’s usually September October.A.in; on B.in; or C.on; and 3、—What's the weather like today? ()—It’s ______.A.rain B.rains C.rainy 4、—What colour is it? ()—It's ________.A.song B.panda C.yellow 5、—________ is your computer? ()—It's on the desk.A.Who B.What C.Where 6、—_____ is the ball? ()—It’s in the box.A.What B.Where C.How7、February is the __________ month of a year.()A.second B.two C.three8、This is ______ book. That is ______. ()A.my; yours B.mine; yours C.my; your9、I have________ art class on Monday. ()A.a B.an C.the10、Lily often _____ on the weekend. ()A.read books B.watches TV C.clean her room 四、用所给词的适当形式填空,补全句子。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2011-2012学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测五年级英语试题(60分钟 100分)A听力部分:一、选出你所听到的句子。
()1.A.I met them last year.B.I went to Hainan last summer. ()2.A.Where did you go for your holidays?B.Where is Qingdao?()3.A.It’s hard for you..B.It’s ease for me.()4.A.Sam ate three hamburgers. B.Sam ate sausages and eggs.()5、A.Xinjiang is in the west of China. B.Where is Xinjiang?二、听问句,选答语。
1.()A..Yes,she does. B.Yes,she is.2.()A.. Sausages B.Fish and chips.3.()A..On the desk B.At the zoo.4.()A.. Because it’s big. B.No,I don’t.5.()A.. Yes,she is. B.No,he isn’t.三、听录音补全句子。
1.What _________she_________for lunch?She _______sandwiches.2.Look! What is the old man_______?He is____________.3.Hello,Amy.Can I use your computer?Suer.______ ______ ______.4.Sam _____ _____ _____last Sunday.B:笔试部分一.选出不同类的一项。
()1.A.hamburger rmation C.noodles D.sandwich ()2. A.telephone B.television C.photo A.radio ()3. A.went B.eat C. drank D. gave()4. A.E—mail B. hunguy C.happy D.sad()5. A.America B.China C.Chinese D.Australia 二、英汉短语互译。
1.昨天晚上______________2.十年前________________3.步行去学校____________4.在两周内________________5.在C架上____________________6. in this dictionary__________________7.foreigh language______________8.a card for you___________________9.a programme about China___________10.enough food_________________三、根据首字母提示完成句子。
1.My pen is b________ ,mum will buy me a new one.2.Yesterday she w_______ TV at home.3.She danced in lots of c_______.4.The green bag is l_______ and it’s got two p______.5.My uncle l_______ in Shanghai with his children.6.Hainan is in the s__________ of china.7.The T—shirt is b__________for the monkey ,but s____ for the panda.8.The box is h_______,it’s not ease for you.四、选择填空。
1.It’s got a panda_____ it.A. onB.forC. inD. at2.Try this one_____ white.A for B. in C. on D.at3.I’ve got a book_____ London.A for B.about C.and D. in4.There weren’t_______ buses many years ago.A some B. little C. any D.the5.Thank you for_____ to us.A talk B.talking C. talks D.talked6.My grandpa couldn’t read____ write.A and B. but C. or D.not7.I gave a new pen___ Sam.A for B. of C. to D. from8.We can_____ an e-mail.A wrote B. write C.writing D.writes9.I ____ my cousins last summer.A visit B.visited C.visiting D. visits10.He is not good____ English.A for B.to C.about D. at五、连词组句。
1.you will sweater I buy new a_____________________________________________.2.was a ten years my ago driver grandpa____________________________________________.3.going cook Lingling food Mum tonight is for Chinese to________________________________________________.4.I have a look at your can new computer________________________________________________?5.weather we on TV find out can about the_______________________________________________.六、阅读短文,回答问题。
In July,Lingling went to Xinjiang with her parents.Xinjiang is in the west of China.She rode a horse .She climbed the Tianshan Mountain.She visited the Tianchi Lake.It was very beautiful.She had a lovely time there.1.When did Lingling go to Xinjiang?_______________________________________.2.Did Lingling go with her father and mother? _____________________________________.3.Where is Xinjiang?_____________________________________________.4.Was Lingling happy?______________________________________________.七、读一读,写一写。
Yesterday1.drink juice F2.make a cake T3.learn English T4.read a book T5.run in the park F Yesterday1.Amy didn’t drink juice.2._________________________________________.3.__________________________________________.4._________________________________________.5.___________________________________________.听力原文:一、1.I met them last year.2. Where did you go for your holidays?3. It’s hard for you.4. Sam ate three hamburgers.5. Where is Xinjiang?二、1.Does Lingling like English food?2.What’s a traditional English dinner?3.Where can you find out about animals?4.Why did you buy the blue bag?5.Is your grandpa learning Eglish now?三、1.What did she have for lunch?She had sandwiches.2.Look! What is the old man doing?He is swimming.3.Hello,Amy.Can I use your computer?Suer,.Here you are.4.Sam listened to music last Sunday.。