最新精编上海长宁区2014届高三英语一模试卷(含答案
2014年上海高考英语试卷word版(校对版本含答案)
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It carried the mayor’s sp eech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Dislikes:• 20 shops•small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (37)______ (appropriate)”In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws---for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least oneof the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want to hit the gymmore regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Considerputting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First,there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Thenthere's a routine. And finally, areward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own. Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving yourrunning shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolatewhen you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward becomeinterconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will startlonging for the reward, which willmake it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits inthe box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a cornerof corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
上海高考2014届英语模拟卷词汇和语法翻译题1.长宁区
2013学年长宁区第一学期高三英语模拟卷语法，词汇和翻译部分II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café. One said that she (25) ______ (meet) one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends (26) ______ (disappoint) in real life.We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially (27) ______ from one-child families, like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness. However, is it wise for them to do so?In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) ______ ______ take care. When you talk with someone unknown on the Internet, you have no idea at all what kind of person he is and (29) ______ he is telling you the truth. Besides we can’t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people (30) ______ (trap). So, you’re taking the risk of meeting your net friends (31) ______ you get any idea about him. In a word, you can never be too careful when meeting your net friends.(B)Perhaps one aspect of modern life which is most often considered ‘annoying’is noise. According to some estimates, the amount of urban noise (32) ______ (double) in the past ten years, and with the increase in road and air traffic, noise is likely to increase too.Noise quite clearly affects the health of modern man. It is a health threat. Loud noise (33) ______ (say) to be a leading cause of deafness among many people over 65. It is also a major (34) ______ (contribute) factor in causing stress, (35) ______ itself causes a variety of illnesses.Noise is sometimes associated with lack of communication in the modern world. In many busy shops, factories and nightclubs, (36) ______ level and constancy of noise make conversation at a natural level difficult or impossible.Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right (37) ______ (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they?We are so trained to noise in this modern world (38) ______ people growing up with little1 / 12(39) ______ no experience of genuine peace and quiet have begun to associate silence with boredom. Isn’t it time for us to start teaching young people that silence is golden and that you can do a lot of interesting things (40) ______ the accompaniment of noise?Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms —any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist(气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 每年圣诞期间百货店里的商品都减价出售。
2014届上海市各区高三英语一模——回答问题汇编
宝山区Millions of personal computers across the world are running at this moment, but most are using just a fraction of their full capacity to process information. Imagine what could happen if the spare power of these millions of machines were used to solve global problems.The organization Charity Engine attempts to do just that. It enables researchers and companies to use the extra computing power of thousands of personal computers. These companies pay a usage fee that goes to carefully selected charities.The computersCharity Engine offers a free app that has the user‟s computer do research as a background task. The program runs automatically, without direction from the user. Each computer works on a small chunk of a larger project and sends back its results. The results are combined to answer the researchers‟ questions.The researchersCharity Engine mostly uses its computing power for companies doing scientific, medical or commercial research. For example, Rosetta@home attempts to help find cures for serious diseases by discovering the shapes of proteins. Another project, Einstein@Home, tests scientific theories. And another helps establishments in Africa such as universities search for ways to fight the spread of malaria.The CharitiesCharity Engine gives 50 percent of the profits from renting out computing power to various charities. Each organization it supports has a good reputation for working in an area of vital importance. Most of them seek to address the primary causes of poverty while bringing short-term relief. These include Oxfam, a network of organizations in 94 countries. Another is CARE International, one of the three largest international aid agencies, which works in 87 countries. Charity Engine also supports Doctors Without Borders, which supplies medical care, and WaterAid, which provides safe water and promotes hygiene(卫生) in developing countries. Another of its charities, Sightsavers, works to prevent and reverse blindness through medical treatments and provides training for the blind. Charity Engine helps many other organizations as well.An added bonusCharity Engine returns the other 50 percent of its earnings to the people who made it all possible. The app users are entered into draws. Chosen at random, the winners receive thousands of dollars in prizes!Thanks to Charity Engine, computing power that would have gone to waste is fighting poverty and bringing healing and hope.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What does Charity Engine help companies do?___________________________________________________________________________.79. How does Charity Engine spend its earnings?___________________________________________________________________________.80. The computers selected by Charity Engine help researchers and companies through ________.81. According to the passage, besides many organizations, Charity Engine mostly supports _____.崇明县Britain‟s youngest iPad addict (有瘾的人) hasn‟t even started school yet. That‟s right; a four-year-old girl is currently undergoing therapy after becoming addicted to playing games on her iPad.Receiving treatment at the Capio Nightingale Clinic, London, the little girl is said to have become increasingly distressed whenever her parents moved to take the iPad away. Medical help was sought af ter the girl‟s withdrawal symptoms did not improve.Dr. Richard Graham, the girl‟s psychiatrist (精神病医生), said: “In the year running up to contacting the clinic, the parents noticed her use of the iPad was increasing. She was using it three to four hours every day and showed increased anxiety if it was removed.”According to Dr. Graham, parents should strive to keep iPads and similar devices out of the reach of inf ants, believing that: “Children see all the pretty colours and they will want to use it too.”“There are concerns that toys are being replaced by the likes o f iPads and smartphones, but children are not at a level zhucanqi of maturity to deal with such advanced technology. They can‟t cope and become addicted, reacting with bad temper and uncontrollable behavior when they are taken away. Then as they grow older, the problem only gets worse,” Dr. Graham told The Mirror.The UK‟s first technology addiction programme was initiated by Dr. Graham three years ago. It‟s designed to deal with those who become annoyed when deprived from their device. Motivation for creating the treatment programme pfzhizuo came from a concern over the compulsive qualities of games available on iPads.Dr. Graham worries that this is not the only case of iPad addiction among young ones. It comes just after a five-year-old boy managed to cost his parents £1,700, by purchasing various add-ons for a game on the iPad.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 78. The case of the four-year-old girl is given to inform us of _________________________________.79. Why is it easier for children to be addicted to iPads?80. What caused Dr. Graham to launch t he UK‟s first technology addiction programme?81. One lesson that can be drawn from the passage by parents of infants is that they should ______________________________________________________.奉贤区Most people look Forward to retirement as a time when they can inally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue beore. But some recent studies on people in their depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. That‟s why a new study of French workers is welcome news.Led by Hugo Westerlund, a proessor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and atigue in people after they got tired while they were still employed.The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company or 14 years. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% ewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year beore their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical atigue over the same time period.Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental atigue can be traced back to relie rom the stresses of work. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous (养老金) that rench workers enjoy . Most retirees in that country still beneit rom about 80% o their yearly salaries.“The economic or inancial situation in retirement is very important,” Westerlund says, “We don‟t know if the decrease in atigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal o something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comortable, then we won‟t see the improvements we did.”However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may aect retirees‟ health after they leave their jobs－with less of a financial saety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.78. According to some recent studies, retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases like ___________.79. Westerlund‟s group ound that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired both ___________.80. What does the word in paragraph 5 refer to?81. Retirement may make people happier with ___________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)虹口区You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia‟s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians‟ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today‟s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today‟s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to say, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children‟s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents‟ improved circumstance s. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them …quality food‟. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their childre n look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don‟t move, and eventually, they don‟t want to move because they‟re fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and dri nk Coke,” says Chwang.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Despite the same volume of food, children take in more calories due to ________.79. Thanks to ________, big meals nowadays are no longer enjoyed on special occasions.80. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?81. According to Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children‟s overweight today?黄浦区The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal or moral rights of others. So the massacre (大屠杀) on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one‟s actions could bring death o r damages to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be connected with psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can affect drivers‟ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one‟s emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not limited to drivers. Street walkers regularly ignore traffic regulations. They are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.In the past few years, safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those withwhom they share the road.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Why road killers can‟t be excused?Because __________.79. In order to avoid automobile accidents, the experts suggest drivers should __________.80. Besides drivers, who should also be blamed for most roads accidents?81. The accident rate has decreased in the past few years because of __________.嘉定区Stress for a teenage r is as real a problem as stress for an adult. Therefore, it‟s important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers.When parents change their jobs or if the family decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life.Academic difficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsens grades.Extra curricular activities(课外活动) such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your child‟s mind. Balancing school and extra curricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to be outstanding at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school.These are the common causes of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs such as poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress go unrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotionally out of balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary for parents to know how to deal with stress.78. What does the passage mainly talk about?______________________________________________________.79. Poor academic performance causes stress for children because it tends ________________________________________________.80. How can parents know that their teenagers are under stress?They can know that if their children __________________________________________ 81. The common causes of stress in teenagers introduced by the author are:_________________________________________ and extra curricular activities.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN THIRTEEN WORDS)金山区However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannotbe ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principles have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils‟progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate (升华) his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a standard or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers‟conferences with parents are devoted to petty(不重要的) accounts of children‟s misdeeds, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents‟ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters‟capacities.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements with NO MORE THAN 14 WORDS) 78. Why do parents also have great influence on children?_____________________________________________________________________________ 79. Through which ways can the teacher play an important role in enlightening parents?_____________________________________________________________________________ 80. According to the teacher, that parent should let the boy _____________________________ if he wants to sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels in teaching his son arithmetic.81. A more creative approach is needed for _____________________of children out of classroom. 静安区It is 2035. You have a job, a family and you are about 40 years old! Welcome to your future life.Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you‟re 40. You look muchyounger. With amazing progress in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You are not even middle-aged!As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn‟t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.“Ready for your trip to space?” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical progress, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain the vaccines. With the strawberries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.It‟s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office, Autopilot,” you order. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it. (Notes: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. What changes the color of your shirt?79. The shoes know that yo u shouldn‟t eat the breakfast cereal by__________.80. What do the strawberries the children eat serve as?81. In the future, when you look through the pages in the e-newspapers, ___________.闵行区Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers‟ d esire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company‟s environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don‟t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon emission(排放) has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions.Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to convey clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted the standard, they can use a logo in all their marketing, which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is likely to influence shops on what to sell?79. A company may lose its regular customers unless ______________________.80. According to Harry Morrison, businesses will benefit from __________________.81. According to the last two paragraphs, companies can gain advantages by ____________.浦东新区Th e launch of the UK’s biggest online university venture has the potential to “revolutionise conventional models of formal education” and keep UK ahead in the global race to deliver the best education, says universities minister David Willetts.The FutureLearn project will see more than 20 institutions enter the global market to offer massive open online courses, or Moocs. Until now, the US has led the way in the creation of Moocs, catering to an estimated 3 million learners worldwide with hundreds of courses from a range of top institutions.Bath, Exeter, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Warwick are among the 21 UK universities that have signed up. The British Library, British Museum and British Council will also make material available to students. The venture, set up by the Open University, is a response to the rise of Moocs and will offer students a new and innovative way to access courses, says Martin Bean vice-chancellor of the Open University. Bean said, “Time and again we have seen the impact the Internet can have on industries — driving innovation and enhancing the customer experience. I have no doubt Moocs will do the same for education — offering people new and exciting ways to learn.”A senior academic at University College London — which has chosen not to be involved in FutureLearn —has questioned whether the Mooc model is the best road for universities to go down. Although free for students, online courses have some downsides. Stephen Caddick, professor at the university, says students want flexibility ab ove all. “Moocs are an online product of higher education currently experienced offline by a lot of students: inflexible”, said Caddick. “These courses are free to students, yet very expensive to develop for universities. ”Simon Nelson, CEO of FutureLearn, said university partners see this opportunity as “money extremely well spent”, helping them to boost their global profile and encourage experimentation and innovation within university departments. According to Nelson, FutureLearn will continue to expand its number of partners both in the UK and overseas, as well as develop its commercial model, which in the future could see students paying to take exams and purchase extra course material.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVEWORDS.)78. Besides revolutionizing traditional educational models, FutureLearn has the potential to ______________________.79. How many learners all over the world have benefited from the online courses offered by American universities?80. What are the two downsides of online courses mentioned by Stephen Caddic?81. What is the plan for FutureLearn according to Nelson?普陀区Being a social butterfly just might change your brain: In people with a large network of friends and excellent social skills, certain brain regions are bigger and better connected than in people with fewer friends, a new study finds.The research suggests a connection between social interactions and brain structure. “We're interested in how your brain is able to allow you to find the right way in complex social environments,” MaryAnn Noonan said, a neuroscientist (神经学家) at Oxford University. Studies in monkeys have shown that brain areas involved in face processing and in predicting the intentions of others are larger in animals living in large social groups than in ones living in smaller groups.To investigate these brain differences in humans, Noonan and her colleagues found 18 participants for a structural brain-imaging study. They asked people how many social interactions they had experienced in the past month, in order to determine the size of their social networks. As was the case in monkeys, some brain areas were enlarged and better connected in people with larger social networks. “These different brain regions are all singing different songs,” Noonan said. “Networked areas are all singing the same song, and when they're connected better, they're singing more harmoniously with each other.”The researchers also tested whether the size of a person's social network was linked with changes in white-matter pathways, the nerve fibers(纤维) that connect different brain regions. Again, they found that white-matter pathways were better connected in people with bigger social networks. "The nerves were more like a Los Angeles freeway than a country road," Noonan said.The researchers couldn't say whether social interaction caused these changes in brain structure and connectivity, or whether the brain determined how social someone was. In the case of the monkeys, the researchers asked and wrote down the size of the animals' social network, so they concluded that social-group size was causing the brain differences. It can be inferred that a similar process takes place in human brains, but to prove this, long-term studies are needed, Noonan told LiveScience.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The certain brain regions in people with fewer friends are ______.79. According to Noonan, the certain brain areas whose functions are to _________ are larger in more-sociable monkeys.80. How did Noonan and her colleagues know about the size of participants‟ social networks?81. According to the researcher‟s findings, what would make the brains of monkeys different?青浦区Every year in America, high-school students who want to go on to college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT in a shortened way. Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at a ll. The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures one‟s mathematical ability and use of the English language. Traditionally, the English portion involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.But the SAT folks have added a single question, to be answered in an essay, hand-written on the spot. That‟s an interesting way to test writing ability, but content aside, have you ever seen young people‟s handwriting lately? Or anyone‟s for that matter, in this age of computer keyboards? Students write numbers and sign their names on bank checks. They scribble class notes in what can generously be described as the written word. And they hand-write, or more often print, a word or two of identification on luggage and lunch bags. Otherwise, penmanship (书法) — once taught so morally and carefully by second-grade teachers, has gone the way of the dodo bird which has died out.Yet today‟s kids are asked to write, in a thoughtful and clear way, for several minutes on this SAT Test. Good luck to the test scorers who must work out difficultly what has been written by young people who‟ve been typing on computers since the age of three! Teachers insist that good handwriting can not only help one‟s score on the SAT, but also, later on in life, impress poten tial employers and get more tax money back because the tax inspectors can actually read the computations. And don‟t forget, we all have to rely on handwriting from time to time, as computers go down when the power goes out.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. In SAT, students will be tested on math, grammar, reading and__________________________________________________________.79. What does the underlined word “scribble” in paragraph 2 mean?__________________________________________________________.80. Why did the writer think test scorers would have a hard time?。
2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)
2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)2014年上海高考英语试题及答案(清晰完整版)Part A: Reading Comprehension (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)Passage 1A: When Mangalyaan successfully entered the Mars orbit, India became the first country to achieve this on its first attempt. Scientists were thrilled with the success of the mission, which was proof of India's growing strength in space technology. Mangalyaan, or Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) as it's officially known, was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on November 5, 2013 and entered Mars orbit on September 24, 2014.B: The journey to Mars was not an easy one. The spacecraft traveled 420 million miles over a span of 300 days to reach its final destination. Mangalyaan had to overcome various challenges, including exposure to extreme radiation and the risk of failure during the intricate process of entering Mars' orbit. However, the mission was completed successfully, and Mangalyaan is currently conducting experiments to gather data on Mars' atmosphere and climate.C: India's successful mission to Mars is a significant achievement in the field of space exploration. It showcases India's technological prowess and its ability to compete with established space agencies such as NASA. The mission also brings hope to many other countries that aspire to explorespace and conduct scientific research beyond Earth. Mangalyaan has inspired scientists, engineers, and students around the world and has fuelled an increased interest in space exploration.1. What did Mangalyaan achieve?A. It completed experiments on Mars' atmosphere and climate.B. It became the first spacecraft to reach Mars.C. It successfully entered Mars' orbit on its first attempt.D. It traveled 420 million miles to reach Mars.2. What was the challenge Mangalyaan faced during its journey?A. Exposure to extreme radiation.B. Competing with established space agencies.C. Conducting experiments on Mars' atmosphere.D. Traveling a long distance.3. How does India's mission to Mars inspire others?A. It showcases India's technological prowess.B. It fuels interest in space exploration.C. It provides hope for other countries' space missions.D. All of the above.Passage 2In the future, driverless cars may become a common sight on our roads. These autonomous vehicles are capable of sensing their environment and navigating without human input. They use advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence to analyze and interpret data from their surroundings.One of the main advantages of driverless cars is increased safety. Human errors and distractions are often the cause of accidents on the road. With autonomous vehicles, the risk of accidents due to human error is greatly reduced. These cars can react faster than humans and are not affected by fatigue, alcohol, or other factors that can impair driving abilities.Driverless cars also have the potential to improve traffic flow. They can communicate with each other and with road infrastructure, such as traffic lights, to optimize their movements. By avoiding unnecessary stops and maintaining a constant speed, driverless cars can reduce congestion and make the overall driving experience more efficient.Additionally, driverless cars have the potential to increase accessibility for people who are unable to drive or do not have access to private transportation. These vehicles can be programmed to accommodate individuals with disabilities and can provide a reliable means of transportation for those who are unable to drive themselves.4. What technology do driverless cars use to navigate their surroundings?A. Advanced sensors.B. Machine learning algorithms.C. Artificial intelligence.D. All of the above.5. Why are driverless cars considered safer than human-driven cars?A. They can react faster than humans.B. They are not affected by distractions.C. They eliminate the risk of human errors.D. All of the above.6. How can driverless cars improve traffic flow?A. By communicating with each other and with road infrastructure.B. By optimizing their movements to avoid unnecessary stops.C. By maintaining a constant speed.D. All of the above.7. What is one potential benefit of driverless cars for individuals who are unable to drive?A. Increased safety on the roads.B. Improved accessibility to transportation.C. Reduced traffic congestion.D. optimized driving experience.Passage 3In recent years, there has been a growing interest in sustainability and environmentally friendly practices. Many individuals and businesses aremaking efforts to reduce their carbon footprint and minimize their impact on the environment. One area where these efforts are being seen is in the fashion industry.Fast fashion, the production of cheap and disposable clothing, has been a major contributor to environmental degradation. The industry consumes vast amounts of water, energy, and natural resources, and also produces a significant amount of waste and pollution. However, a shift towards sustainable fashion is slowly gaining momentum.Sustainable fashion refers to the production and design of clothing that prioritizes environmental responsibility and social equity. It promotes the use of eco-friendly materials, such as organic cotton and recycled fibers, and encourages practices such as recycling, upcycling, and fair trade. Sustainable fashion also emphasizes the importance of transparency and ethical supply chains.Despite the challenges, there are promising signs of progress in the fashion industry. Various brands are adopting sustainable practices and offering eco-friendly alternatives to fast fashion. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental impact of their clothing choices and are demanding more sustainable options. By supporting sustainable fashion, individuals can contribute to a more sustainable future and help drive positive change in the fashion industry.8. What is one of the negative impacts of the fast fashion industry?A. Increased consumption of natural resources.B. Environmental degradation.C. Waste and pollution.D. All of the above.9. What is the goal of sustainable fashion?A. Prioritizing environmental responsibility and social equity.B. Using eco-friendly materials.C. Encouraging recycling and upcycling.D. All of the above.10. What are consumers increasingly demanding in the fashion industry?A. Sustainable and eco-friendly options.B. Fast and disposable clothing.C. Ethical supply chains.D. Transparent production processes.11. How can individuals contribute to a more sustainable fashion industry?A. By supporting sustainable fashion brands.B. By choosing eco-friendly materials.C. By demanding transparency and ethical practices.D. All of the above.Passage 4The concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a possible solution to economic inequality. UBI is a system in which all citizens receive a regular, unconditional sum of money from the government, regardless of their employment status or income level. Proponents argue that UBI can help alleviate poverty, provide financial security, and promote equal opportunity.One of the main advantages of UBI is that it ensures a minimum standard of living for all individuals. It provides a safety net that guarantees basic needs can be met, regardless of fluctuations in the job market or personal circumstances. This can help reduce poverty and improve the overall well-being of society.UBI also has the potential to empower individuals to pursue their passions and take risks. With a guaranteed income, individuals may have more freedom to explore their interests, start businesses, or engage in creative endeavors without the fear of financial instability. This can lead to greater innovation and personal fulfillment.However, critics argue that UBI may disincentivize work or encourage dependency on the government. They suggest that providing unconditional income may reduce the motivation to seek employment or pursue educational and career opportunities. Additionally, implementing UBI on a large scale would require significant financial resources and could potentially lead to increased taxation.12. What is Universal Basic Income (UBI)?A. A system in which all citizens receive a regular sum of money from the government.B. A program to alleviate poverty.C. A method to promote equal opportunity.D. All of the above.13. How can UBI help reduce poverty?A. By ensuring a minimum standard of living for all individuals.B. By providing a safety net for basic needs.C. By improving the overall well-being of society.D. All of the above.14. What potential advantage does UBI offer to individuals?A. The freedom to pursue their passions and take risks.B. Financial stability.C. The ability to start businesses.D. All of the above.15. What is one criticism of UBI?A. It may discourage work.B. It could lead to increased taxation.C. It may create dependency on the government.D. All of the above.Part B: Non-Text Information (共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分)16.其中一段是2014年上海高考英语试题及答案。
2014上海高三英语一模汇编：语法填空(含答案)
2014届高三英语一模汇编——语法填空1、2014黄浦一模(A)“Come in,Kim.Have a seat,please,”said Bill Williams,the manager.This was Kim’s first experience with an assessment.After only six months he was due for a raise(25)_____this assessment was satisfactory.“Kim,”began Bill Williams,“I am very pleased with the quality of your work.My only concern is that you are not active enough in(26)_____(put)forward your suggestions.”“But,”replied Kim,“I have always completed every assignment you(27)_____(give)me,Mr.Williams.”“I know that,Kim.And please,call me Bill.But(28)_____I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas.It is more input from you(29)_____I need–more feedback on how things are going.I don’t need a‘yes man’.You just smile(30)___________everything is fine.I’m not asking you to tell me what to do,but what you thinkwe(31)_____do.To make suggestions,I employed you because I respect your experience in this field.”“Yes,I see.I’m not accustomed to this,but I will try to do as you say…Bill.”“Good,then,I expect(32)_____(hear)more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”“Yes,of course.Thank you,Mr.Will…Bill.”(B)I was the middle child of the three,but there was a gap of five years on either side,and I hardly saw my father before I was eight.For this and(33)_____reasons I was somewhat lonely.I had the lonely child’s habit of making up stories,and I think from the very start my literary ambitions(34)_____(mix)up with the feeling of being isolated.I knew that I had a natural ability with words,and I felt that this created a sort of private world where I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life.However,the quantity of serious writing which I produced all(35)_____my childhood would not add up to half a dozen pages.I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five,my mother(36)_____(take)it down to dictation.I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and(37)_____tiger had“chair-like teeth”—a good enough expression.At eleven,when the war of1914-18broke out,I wrote a poem(38)_____(print)in the local newspaper later. From time to time,when I was a bit(39)_____(old),I wrote bad and usually unfinished“nature poems”.I also,about twice,attempted a short story(40)_____was a failure.That was the total of the would-be serious work that I actually set down on paper during all those years.答案：25.if26.putting27.have given/gave/give28.what29.that30.as though/as if31.can/must/should/could32.to hear33.other34.were mixed35.through36.taking37.the38.printed39.older40.which/that第1页共17页2、2014普陀一模(A)Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage(25)_____the river running across their city.(26)_____cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp.Like one in three American rivers,this river is so polluted that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing.Still,Susan,(27)_____has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup,sees a change in this river.“Since we started three years ago,the river is getting a lot(28)_____(clean),”she says.Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage (29)_____can harm wild life.Water birds,for example,can die of plastic bottle rings and get cut by tiny metals.Three years ago,when the cleanup started,garbage was everywhere.But this year the teenagers can row their boats fast.By the end of the six-hour cleanup,they(30)_____(remove)enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks.“(31)_____(see)all that garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,”Susan says.She hopes that when others read that,she and her peers care enough(32)_____(clean)it up,maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river.(B)Dave Fuss lost his job(33)_____(drive)a truck for a small company in west Michigan.His wife,Gerrie,was still working in the local school cafeteria,and the price of everything was rising.The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years.Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift---$7,000，a legacy(遗产)from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch,who died in(34)_____accident.“It really made a difference(35)_____we were going under financially.”says Dave.But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches.Dozens of other families(36)_____(touch)by the Hatches’generosity.In some cases,it was a few thousand dollars;in others,it was more than$100,000.It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money,more than$3million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on(37)_____was left of the family farm.(38)__________the financial crisis,Ish and Arlene developed the habit of saving.They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store,(39)_____(check)prices before making a new purchase.Through the years,the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents(40)_____not afford it.“Ish and Arlene never asked whether you needed anything,”says their friend Sand Van Weelden,“They could see the things they could do to make you happier,and they would do them.”答案：25.from26.They27.who28.cleaner29.that/which30.had removed31.Seeing32.to clean33.driving34.an35.when36.were touched37.what38.Because of/Owing to/Due to39.checking40.could2019.07.18【一模汇编】2014届上海高三英语一模汇编：语法填空更多优质及原创资源请关注微信公众号：上海初高中英语教学(SHCG-English)(B)35.could36.because37.more37.if38.but39.another40.is giving34.to eat(A)25.where27.something28.taking29.When/After30.a/one31.listed32.On33.what答案：3、2014徐汇一模（A）"Just tell him if he really loves you,he should leave you.""I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that."stomach.""Because your boyfriend40_____(give)you too much stress.He is probably the main cause of your upset "Why?"Sara asked.39_____.He wanted to get married,38_____she didn't.The doctor said that she should break up with her boyfriend and find Then he asked her37_____there were any big problems in her life.She said that her boyfriend was a big problem. stomach.""Don't drink any36_____(much)regular milk.Start drinking lactose-free milk,because lactose can upset your three glasses a day.good doctor would solve it in no time.Two days later,she saw her doctor.He asked her if she drank milk.She said yes, "No way,"Sara said.She didn't want to go home.She liked America.This was a minor problem,she was sure.Any agreeing with her.They said she would have to return to her home country.Her friends told her it was35_____she had moved to America.The air,water,and food in America weren't This was terrible.She34_____hardly go anywhere in public.Sara needed to see the doctor.She had an upset stomach.She felt bloated,and needed to pass gas every minute or so.(B)Ahh,32_____a sandwich,he thought,as he sat down33_____(eat).he added some bits of hot green chile,and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits.onion.31_____top of the onions,he placed the hot dog.On top of the hot dog,he put a couple of slices of apple.Then When the toast popped up,he put mustard,mayonnaise,and ketchup on one slice.Then he added two slices of was organic sprouted wheat.The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster.This was tasty and healthy bread.The first ingredient30_____(list) took the hot dog out of the pan.got hot,he put the two halves in the pan.About29_____minute later,he flipped each half over.After another minute,he heat.Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan.He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise.28_____the oil After27_____(take)it out of its package,he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner.He turned on the must be26_____in here to eat,he thought.Now,however,there was a single hot dog.Gordon was hungry.He opened the refrigerator,25_____there used to be much food before his wife left him.There(A)The problem with much mobile technology is that it’s not really designed to be used while you’re actually mobile. The human brain can only pay attention to about three things at a time–and concentrate effectively on just one of them. Even though the consequences of smartphone distraction（注意力分散）are sometimes(25)_____(amuse),they can also be serious.The number of children(26)_____(admit)to hospitals after accidents in public playgrounds(27)_____(climb)by about a third in five years,according to NHS data.Experts in both Britain and the US,(28)_____a similar rise has occurred suggest some of the increase may be a result of parents being too distracted by their phones(29)_____(take) care of their children properly.And now comes evidence showing that11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than10-year-olds,since11is the average age at which children receive their first mobile phone,six times more likely(30)_____(send)a text when it happens.(31)_____quarter of children surveyed admitted that they had been distracted by personal technology while crossing the road.“There is,”the report concluded,“a clear connection(32)_____the use of technology and the time of serious accidents with children.”(B)Self care is necessary for our physical and mental health,yet often it’s the first thing we drop when we find ourselves(33)_____(stretch)for time.While we’re on the subject of time,let’s talk about priorities.When we feel likewe don’t have time to do something important,it is(34)_____because we’re not making time or because our priorities are not what we actually need.Everything we do with our time is a choice.It(35)_____feel like we“have to”do certain things,but,in reality,we have complete control over(36)_____we spend our time.(37)_______________busy you are,you can fit self care into your schedule.Whether this means making it thefirst thing you do each morning,giving up TV or Facebook time,saying“no”to certain commitments,or potentially displeasing(38)_____,you can fit self care into your weekly routine(39)_______________you prioritize（优先考虑）.Self care doesn’t have to involve a lot of money,nor does it require a lot of time.If you(40)_____(struggle)to fit self care into your routine,start small,prioritize,and listen to your heart.答案：25.amusing26.admitted27.has climbed28.where29.to take30.to be sending31.A32.between33.stretched34.either35.might36.how37.No matter how38.others39.as long as40.are strugglingA friendly dog named Bonnie,who also happens to be deaf,is being praised by her owner for(25)_______(help) him catch a suspected intruder in their home.Dan Strasser said he heard Bonnie running around the living room at about6a.m.Saturday,so he got out of bed to see(26)_______she was so excited.He said Bonnie didn’t bark or bite like a guard dog,but(27)_______she behavedwas enough to alert him.When Strasser walked into the living room,he caught the intruder(28)_______(try)to steal his computer.The man took off,but instead of running out of the back door(29)_______he came in,he accidentally ran into the garage and (30)_______(seize)there.Strasser grabbed his gun and held the intruder in the garage while his girlfriend called911.Police showed up and arrested the intruder,whom they later identified(31)_______Thomas Lowell,who was accused in court Monday of burglary(入室行窃)and possession of drug.He is due back in court on Oct.2nd.Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door,which he kept open at night so that Bonnie(32)_______get into the backyard.He plans to keep it(33)_______(lock)from now on.(B)The first-ever American Laughing Championship is taking place in San Diego.The contest is the first national championship in the US,(34)_______Canadian filmmaker,Albert Nerenberg,has previously organized national laughing contests in Canada and Japan and a state championship in California back in2010.The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has(35)(attractive)laugh.Daunte Reed is one of about twelve people competing in the contest.He is hoping to be a winner of the title of top laugher.“I’ve been told I have(36)_______attractive laugh.(37)_______doesn’t take much to make me laugh,”Reed said.The contest includes the belly laugh,the crazy laugh and the diabolical(魔鬼般的)laugh.The last one is the most challenging,according to Nerenberg,who said the goal is(38)_______(make)the audience laugh with your laugh.The solo(单独的)laughing requires a good voice.However,the other laugh styles require someone to get the audience laughing;a good diabolical laugh requires the laugher to infect himself and startlaughing naturally,”he explained.“The person who wins isn’t always the best,but the top three people are always the best.It is more joy (39)_______these people bring to the world.They tend to be happy types.W e(40)_______(never have)a sad personwin so far,”he added.答案:25.helping/having helped26.why27.How28.Trying29.where30.was seized31.as32.could33.locked34.although35.the most attractive36.an37.It38.to make39.that40.have never hadOne day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café.One said that she(25)______(meet)one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends(26)______(disappoint)in real life.We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers,especially(27)______from one-child families,like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share theirsorrow and happiness.However,is it wise for them to do so?In my opinion,it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you(28) ____________take care.When you talk with someone unknown on the Internet,you have no idea at all what kind of person he is and(29)______he is telling you the truth.Besides we can’t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people(30)______(trap).So,you’re taking the risk of meeting your net friends(31)______you get any idea about him.In a word,you can never be too careful when meeting your net friends.(B)Perhaps one aspect of modern life which is most often considered‘annoying’is noise.According to some estimates, the amount of urban noise(32)______(double)in the past ten years,and with the increase in road and air traffic,noiseis likely to increase too.Noise quite clearly affects the health of modern man.It is a health threat.Loud noise(33)______(say)to be a leading cause of deafness among many people over65.It is also a major(34)______(contribute)factor in causing stress, (35)______itself causes a variety of illnesses.Noise is sometimes associated with lack of communication in the modern world.In many busy shops,factories and nightclubs,(36)______level and constancy of noise make conversation at a natural level difficult or impossible.Certain people in society,such as motorcyclists,seem to believe they have a right(37)______(make)as much noise as they like without being fined.Do they?We are so trained to noise in this modern world(38)______people growing up with little(39)______no experience of genuine peace and quiet have begun to associate silence with boredom.Isn’t it time for us to start teaching young people that silence is golden and that you can do a lot of interesting things(40)______the accompaniment of noise?答案：25.would meet/was going to meet26.disappointing27.those28.have to/ought to29.whether/if30.trapped31.trapped32.has doubled33.is said34.contributing35.which36.the37.to make38.that39.or40.withoutEnglish is(25)________(widely)used language in the history of our planet.One in every seven human beings(26)________speak it.More than half of the world’s books and three quarters of international mail are in English.Of all languages,English has the largest vocabulary—perhaps as many as two million words.However,let’s face it:English is a crazy language.There is no egg in(27)________eggplant,neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger.Sweet-meats are candy,while sweetbreads,(28)________aren’t sweet, are meat.We take English(29)_______granted.But when we explore its paradoxes(矛盾),we find that quicksand can work slowly,boxing rings are square,public bathrooms have no baths in them.And why is it(30)________a writer writes,but fingers don’t fing,grocers don’t groce,and hammers don’t ham?Ifthe plural of tooth is teeth,shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth?How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same,while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites?How can overlook and oversee be opposites,while quite a lot and quite a few are alike?How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?So far English,(31)________(invent)by people not computers,(32)________(reflect)the creativity of human beings.（B）The(33)________(ring)bell indicated the end of the last class on Friday afternoon.Students swarmed out of the classrooms and headed back to their dormitories.Only Xiao Di headed to another classroom.“Go ahead and have dinner. Don’t wait for me,”the20-year-old told her friends.“I have to get to a good seat for my minor subject.”Like Xiao,many students are signing up for minor subjects in their spare time.(34)________the reasons are different,they all believe that taking a minor subject is a rewarding experience.Li Keren,22,is a senior who(35)________(involve)in finance at Tianjin University of Finance&Economics now.He enrolled in international finance as his minor subject and managed to stay on top in(36)________of his major and minor subjects.“Different from most students,I pay equal attention to my major and minor subject,”he says.He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects(37)________they have the energy and time to do so.The disadvantage of (38)________(pay)less attention to a minor subject,according to Li,is(39)________students may not get a comprehensive understanding of the subject.Therefore,what students should do is(40)________(devote)the same energy and time to their major subject as before,while sacrificing their spare time to work on their minor subject.“Considering your future,it’s a worthwhile effort,”he says.答案：25.the most widely26.can27.an28.which29.for30.that31.invented32.has reflected/has been reflecting33.ringing34.Though35.is involved36.both37.because38.paying39.that40.to devoteAs a student,I get so many assignments every day.I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework.I used to complain about all this pressure(25)____school with my classmates.We did not appreciate our teachers for their hard work.We only(26)____(know)that we got a lot of homework.After a few months,we did not complain about homework anymore(27)____we knew that our teachers worked (28)____(hard)than we did.We had no right to complain.Sometimes,we said,“I didn’t go to bed until12:00o’clock last night.Now I just want to sleep.”Our teacher would answer us,“I go to bed at1:00a.m.every day.”Since we knew how hard teachers work,we started to appreciate them.To give our thanks,we wrote a big card to the teachers(29) ____it was teachers’day.When they got our card,they(30)____(touch)because their students finally knew the teachers’effort.After giving the card,I realized(31)____powerful the sentence“thank you”is.When we give our thanks to somebody,the world is full of love.I say“thank you”to my friends,family,classmates,teachers,and even strangers.I like to see the smiles on their faces,so(32)____(say)“thank you”every day is the way I make the world a better place.(B)The year before last,a new superhero landed on Earth to live among humans.When people needed help,Thor became their defender and saved(33)____world.People loved Thor and the actor who played him—Chris Hemsworth.Hemsworth was born in Melbourne,Australia,in1983.His family moved between Melbourne and the Northern Territory.In the Northern Territory,Hemsworth’s parents worked on a cattle station.The work required the family(34) ____(live)two hours from the nearest big city.Since they had no T V,Hemsworth and his brothers learned to entertain (35)____.They played outside,(36)____(build)weapons and forts(堡垒).Later the family settled on Philip’s Island south of Melbourne(37)____Hemsworth enjoyed surfing.In2012,Hemsworth played Thor again in the film The Avengers.He was one of a group of superheroes(38)____ (assemble)to save planet Earth.That film earned$1billion worldwide in just19days!He also starred in(39)____is called Snow White and the Huntsman.Audiences(40)____seem to get enough of him!A second Thor film,Thor2,is due out in2013.答案：25.from26.knew27.because28.harder29.when30.were touched31.how32.saying33.the34.to live35.themselves36.building37.where38.assembled39.what40.can’tWhen I was young I wanted to be a model,so I convinced my parents to take me for an audition(试演).I was(25)_______(select)and told I had potential．I imagined(26)_______(sign)by some famous model companies.For months,any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew I(27)_______(have)the chance to be a real model soon.Of course,I wasn't signed,but(28)_______hurt the most was being told that if I grew to1.75meters I could be a success.I prayed for a growth spurt（冲刺）because I didn’t want to give up my dream.I made an appointment with a local modeling agency.The agency sent me out on a few auditions,but with every day I didn't receive a call,I grew more(29)_______ (depress).The final straw came in July(30)_______I had decided to focus on commercial modeling.There was an open call in New York City.We spent hours driving,only to be told that I was too short．Years later,I realize that the trip to New York was good as(31)_______made me notice I didn't actually love modeling,just the idea of it.I wanted to be special and I was naively determined(32)_______(reach)an impossible goal. The experience has made me stronger and that will help me later in the future．(B)The cold came a little bit earlier this winter.The weather has been harsh and unforgiving.Beijing witnessed the (33)_______(early)snowfall since the1950s on Nov3.Temperatures in many parts of China have hit record lows,with Inner Mongolia suffering from a killer cold of-40C.Cold weather also brought heavy snowstorms(34)_______the US, Russia and Europe,(35)_______(cause)deaths and forcing highways to shut down.You may not think they are related in any possible way,but scientists say that the extreme cold started in the North Pole,where the sea ice is melting rapidly(36)_______the burning of fossil fuels.This summer,the National Snow and Ice Data Center in the US announced that the sea ice coverage in(37)_______Arctic had reached its lowest level with less than half of the coverage it has four decades ago.Large amounts of sea ice loss could change(38)_______air circulates in the atmosphere.At the same time,melting sea ice also release more ocean water,which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that(39)_______be transferred into snow.Also,the attack of the cold came quickly and without a break this year.This left no time for the temperature to revive(回升),(40)_______caused the cold to accumulate.答案：25.was selected26.being signed27.would have28.what29.depressed30.after31.it32.to reach33.earliest34.to35.causing36.because of37.the38.how39.can40.whichLike many of my generation,I have a weakness for hero worship.At some point,however,we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them.This leads us to ask:What is a hero?(25)______immense differences in cultures,heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth(26)______(talk)about.A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen.But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.Like high-voltage(高电压)transformers,heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down(27)____________it can be used by ordinary people.ljjjThe hero lives a life worthy of imitation.Those who imitate a genuine hero(28)______(experience)life with new depth,enthusiasm,and meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve?What are they willing to live and die for?(29)______the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame,they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous,(30)______who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts(催化剂)for change.They have a vision from the mountaintop.They have the skill and the charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi,India(31)______still be part of the British Empire.(32)______may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities,but the pace of change would be slow,the vision uncertain,and the committee meetings endless.(B)When young people get their real jobs,they may face a lot of new,confusing situation.They may find that everything is different from the way things(33)______(be)at school.It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations.Eventually,they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations(34)______appear in the working world.Perhaps the best way(35)______(learn)how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior.In doing so,you’ll be able to see what it is(36)______you admire in this person.For example, you will observe how he acts when he is in trouble.Perhaps even(37)______(important),you will be able to see what his approach to everyday situations(38)______(be).While you are observing your colleague,you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like(39)______and how you can learn from his response to different situations.By(40)______(learn)from a model,you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.答案：25.Despite26.talking27.so that28.experience29.If30.but31.might/would32.It33.were34.that/which35.to learn36.that37.more important38.is/will be39.yours40.learningAlan and Linda always dreamed of living“the good life”.Both from poor working-class families,they married young and set out to fulfil their mutual goal of becoming wealthy.They both worked very hard for years.____25____ (earn)enough money,they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a richneighbourhood.They focused their energies on trying to have____26____they considered important for a good life: membership in the local country club,luxury cars,designer clothing,and high-class society friends.____27____much they earned,it never seemed to be enough.They were unable to remove the financial insecurity that____28____ (acquire)in childhood.Then the stock market crashed in1987,and Alan and Linda lost a considerable amount of money. Alan also suffered from heart attack,____29____cost the family much.One thing led to____30____,and they found themselves in a financial disaster.Their house needed to be sold,and eventually they lost the country club membership and the cars.It was several years____31____Alan and Linda managed to land on their feet,and though they now live a life far from wealthy,they have learned a valuable lesson from their lives and felt quite blessed.Only now,as they think of what____32____(remain)—a solid,loving marriage,a dependable income,and good friends—do they realize that true abundance comes not from gathering fortunes,but rather from appreciating.(B)We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents.In real life,however,this is not always possible. The poem“Those Winter Sundays”by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker,when he was young,____33____(treat)his father.It is only when he looks back on how he has grown up____34____he beginsto understand his father’s unselfish love.In remembering the small things his father did____35____him and his family,such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes,the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped____36____ notice in the past.As he recalls how his father warmed the house,the speaker’s coldness toward his father starts to melt away.In its place is love and gratitude.It dawns on him that love is not just hugging and kissing,or always warm and affectionate, but____37____well be cold and stern in appearance.In fact,mature love often requires self-discipline and self-sacrifice.During our stressful teen years,we may find that our parents,especially our fathers,have difficulty____38____ (show)their love for us verbally—sometimes when we need it most.This is certainly very discouraging.However,if we remember____39____(be)grateful or not so self-centered,we will see that their love has always been there,only ____40____(express)in ways different from what we may have expected.答案：25.Having earned26.what/something27.However28.was required29.which30.another31.before32.remains33.treated34.that35.for36.his37.may38.showing39.to be40. expressed。
2014年长宁区一模 英语参考答案
上海市英语散装同步试卷参考答案（长宁区第一学期期末抽查考）第一卷I. Listening comprehension1-5 DCBDA 6-10 DCABB 11-13 ABA 14-16 BCC17. Saturday 18. ceremony 19. coming/ following 20. ring/ call21. 10,000 22. a part-time job23. room and food; accommodations 24. cheaper and fashionableII. Grammar and Vocabulary25. would meet/ was going to meet 26. disappointing 27. those 28. have to/ ought to 29. whether/ if 30. trapped 31. before/ unless 32. has doubled 33. is said 34. contributing 35. which 36. the37. to make 38. that 39. or 40. without41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECIII. ReadingSection A51-55 ADCBA 56-60 ABCDB 61-65 BCDACSection B66-69 BDDC 70-73 BCBA 74-77 AACDSection C78. have millions of regular loyal viewers79. The inevitable gossip and the essential character80. only (a shot of) fiction and not real81. They follow the characters on screen unreasoningly/ with faith.第二卷I. Translation1. The goods in the department stores are all on sale at Christmas every year.2. Nowadays what people are (very) much concerned about is food safety and air quality.Food safety and air quality are people’s major concerns nowadays.3. However hard/ difficult it is, the task given to us must/ should be completed/ fulfilled on time.4. Hardly had the experts sat down/ got seated/ seated themselves/ taken (their) seats when thespeech contest of the Foreign Language Festival (that was) hosted by Principal Wang started.Hardly had the experts sat down/ got seated/ seated themselves/ taken (their) seats when thespeech contest of the Foreign Language Festival started with Principal Wang hosting.5. The Starbucks in every corner of the city have met/ satisfied/ satisfy people’s needs/ demandsfor the adaptation to a fast-pace life/ satisfy people’s needs/ demands to adapt to a/ the fast-pacelife.II. Writing (略)听力部分Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: Are men’s suits on the seventh floor?W: No, they are here on the sixth. Seventh’s for books and bags.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?2. M: Hello, have you got any seats available for the concert next Sunday?W: No, I’m afraid Sunday is fully booked.Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?3. M: Shall we go out or eat in tonight?W: I don’t feel lik e cooking today.Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: Why haven’t I received the postcard my friend sent me from Paris last month?M: Well, sometimes it takes a while for the local post office to deliver the mail.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?5. M: I need some cash for my trip to Macao tomorrow. I will run and get some.W: I will go with you. I need some fresh air and exercise.Q: Where will the speakers probably go right now?6. W: I’d love to come to your party tonight but my brother has just arrived from New York.M: That’s no problem. The more the merrier.Q: What does the man imply?7. W: I won the first prize in the National Writing Contest and I got this camera as an award.M: It’s a go od camera! You can take it when you travel. I had no idea you were amarvelous writer.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?8. M: The dress fits you perfectly. Is it something you bought recently?W: Actually, I’ve had it for a while. I’ve j ust been waiting for the weather to get warmer.Q: What does the woman imply?9. W: Look at this photo. It was taken at John and Anne’s wedding ceremony ten years ago.M: I know. I couldn’t believe I had such long hair.It’s so embarrassing, isn’t it?Q: What are the two speakers talking about?10. M: I didn’t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Russia.W: According to my experience there, it sounds too good to be true.Q: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.May 1st is International Workers’Day, a significant day for workers. Earlier in the 1800s, workers worked nearly 16 hours each day. From the early 20th century, labor unions in many countries fought for shorter workdays. “Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, and eight hours rest”gradually became a popular saying.If you wish to party for a whole week, join the nurses! May 6th begins National Nurses’ Week, which ends on May 12th, International Nurses’Day. That day, Florence Nightingale’s birthday, celebrates the profession and her contribution to modern nursing.Or perhaps you feel like celebrating food. Make some chocolate chip cookies on May 15th, National Chocolate Chip Day! You could give cookies together with something made of bright green to a loved one. May’s brilliant green jewel represents wisdom, patience and growth --- all necessary for a love that lasts.Happiness, sweetness and a pure heart are represented through May’s flower, the Lily of the Valley. Finally, May 31st is World No Tobacco Day. About 6 million people a year die from tobacco use. So put out that cigarette!(Now listen again, please.)Questions:11. Which of the following celebrations lasts more than one day according to the passage?12. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?13. What serves as the best title for the passage?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.In the early 20th century, Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner discovered that fatal results of blood transfusions were caused by a reaction to the donor’s blood. He classified people into four blood groups --- A, B, AB and O --- based on the proteins in their blood. Receiving blood from a donor whose blood type was not well-matched would hurt or kill a patient. For this discovery, Landsteiner received the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Many Asian people believe that one’s blood type relates to one’s personality. People with blood type A are seen as loyal and having high standards but as too anxious. Type B people are considered creative and positive but selfish. Those with type AB are considered logical, calm but changeable. Type O people tend to be friendly, passionate and ambitious but inflexible. One book even proposed that blood types reveal people’s ideal diets and lifestyles. However, little scientific evidence supports blood-type diets or personality tests. Maybe more study of this will lead to another Nobel Prize! (请以调侃的语气朗读这句话)(Now listen again, please.)Questions:14. For what did the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner receive a Nobel Prize in 1930?15. How do Type B people tend to be according to the passage?16. What is the speaker’s attitude to the idea of blood-type diets or personality tests?Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: Hello?W: Hello, Roger. It’s Laurence.M: Hi, Laurence! Haven’t heard from you for ages! How are you?W: I am fine. How is everything going with you and Millie?M: We are just fine!W: Good! I am calling to ask if you and Millie have any plan this Saturday night. If not, wouldyou like to come over for a meal with my family?M: Oh, we can’t, I’m afraid. An old friend of mine is getting married and we’re going to Scotlandfor the wedding ceremony. What a shame! It’d be nice to see you again.W: Yeah, it is a pity. How about the coming weekend instead?M: Let me see ... Ok, I think that should be fine with us.W: Great! We’ll look forward to seeing you. Give me a ring in a week or so to arrange the time.M: Okay, then. Thanks for calling. See you!W: See you!(Now listen again, please.)Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.M: Welcome to our School Union Program today, Lisa. Tell us a little bit about yourself first.W: Well, I’m twenty-one, and I’m a junior at the University of Chicago.M: How are you paying for your college education?W: My expenses for every semester are $15,000. At the start of each semester my parents pay the$10,000 tuition. I have to earn the rest myself.M: How do you do that?W: I have a part-time job at a hotel.M: Good for you! How do you spend the money?W: Well, it generally goes to my room and food, but sometimes it also helps to pay for the thingslike books and clothes.M: And how do you save money?W: Oh, I usually buy my clothes at discount stores. You can find some cheap er clothes there and they are still in fashion.M: You are a very independent girl. Thank you for talking with us.W: My pleasure.(Now listen again, please.)Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.That’s the end of the Listening Comprehension.。
2014-上海市高考英语试题及答案
绝密★启用前2014-2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语（含答案）考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，井将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn't planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.C. It made the mayor's view clearer.D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 20. C. 25. D. 75.12. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. Those who were unmarried.15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25) ______ I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulders. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that (29) ______ ______ ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps, (30) ______ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration. I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______ I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine（自动售货机）is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33) ______ electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34) ______ (equip) with security cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35) ______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said: "I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36) ______. The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far (37) ______ (appropriate)."In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38) ______ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39) ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Foxhopes his new invention will offer a solution (40) ______ those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really _42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help _43_ some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to _44_ healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with _45_ hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to _46_ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains _47_ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_ that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be _49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_，of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _55_ issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— _57_, he goes on to say,language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or _59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief iswatching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by___________.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means_______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?（B）Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. areward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. "This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_________.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that____________.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, __________.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that_________.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
上海市各区2013-2014年高三英语一模试卷分类汇编----语法填空-老师版(带答案已经校对)
Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)To be a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and (25) ______ you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject (26) ______ ______ they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish to convince the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use (27) ______ be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information(28) ______ (deliver) to a group of your friends.Furthermore, (29) ______ talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually(30) ______ failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without taking aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject (31)______(be) definite and not too broad.(B)DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 47 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgers when they stopped (32)_______(break) their journey.It was they (33)______first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. (34)______ (think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger caféhas been expanded (35)______ a 24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, (36)_______ has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research (37)_______ (do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of a society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than (38)______ did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the (39)______ (bad) man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty (40)______ (stay) awake.Keys: 25. what 26. so that 27. must 28. delivered 29. However 30. a 31. is 32. to break 33. who/that 34.Having thought 35. into 36. Which 37. has been done38. they 39. Worst 40. stayingSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )“Come in, Kim. Have a seat, please,” said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kim’s first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise (25) _____ this assessment was satisfactory.“Kim,” began Bill Williams, “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in (26) _____ (put) forward your suggestions.”“But,” replied Kim, “I h ave always completed every assignment you (27) _____ (give) me, Mr. Williams.”“I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But (28) _____ I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. It is more input from you (29) _____ I need –more feedback on how things are going. I don’t need a ‘yes man’. You just smile (30) ______ _____ everything is fine. I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we (31) _____ do.To make suggestions, I employed you because I respect your exp erience in this field.”“Yes, I see. I’m not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say… Bill.”“Good, then, I expect (32) _____ (hear) more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”“Yes, of course. Thank you, Mr. Will… Bill.”( B )I was the middle child of the three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I hardly saw my father before I was eight. For this and (33) _____ reasons I was somewhat lonely. I had the lonely child’s habit of ma king up stories, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions (34) _____ (mix) up with the feeling of being isolated. I knew that I had a natural ability with words, and I felt that this created a sort of private world where I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life.However, the quantity of serious writing which I produced all (35) _____ my childhood would not add up to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother (36) _____ (take) it down to dictation. I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and (37) _____ tiger had “chair-like teeth”—a good enough expression. At eleven, when the war of 1914-18 broke out, I wrote a poem (38) _____ (print) in the local newspaper later. From time to time, when I was a bit (39) _____ (old), I wrote bad and usually unfinished “nature poems”. I also, about twice, attempted a short story (40) _____ was a failure. That was the total of the would-be serious work that I actually set down on paper during all those years.Keys: 25. if 26. putting 27. have given / gave/ give 28. what 29. that30. as though / as if 31. can / must / should / could 32. to hear 33.other34. were mixed 35. through 36. taking 37. the 38. printed 39. older40. which / thatSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.（A）Alan and Linda always dreamed of living “the good life”. Both from poor working-class families, they married young and set out to fulfill their mutual goal of becoming wealthy. They both worked very hard for years. (25)_______ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighborhood. They focused their energies on trying to have (26)________ they considered important for a good life: membership in the local country club, luxury cars, designer clothing, and high-class society friends. (27)_______ much they earned, it never seemed to be enough. They were unable to remove the financial insecurity that (28)_______ (acquire) in childhood. Then the stock market crashed in 1987, and Alan and Linda lost a considerable amount of money. Alan also suffered from heart attack, (29)_______ cost the family much. One thing led to (30)_______, and they found themselves in a financial disaster. Their house needed to be sold, and eventually they lost the country club membership and the cars. It was several years (31)_______ Alan and Linda managed to land on their feet, and though they now live a life far from wealthy, they have learned a valuable lesson from their lives and felt quite blessed. Only now, as they think of what (32)_______ (remain) — a solid, loving marriage, a dependable income, and good friends —do they realize that true abundance comes not from gathering fortunes, but rather from appreciating.（B）We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker, when he was young, (33)________ (treat) his father. It is only when he looks back on how he has grown up (34)_______ he begins to understand his father’s unselfish love.In remembering the small things his father did (35)_______ him and his family, such as lighting a fire in the morning and polishing his shoes, the speaker begins to understand an aspect of parental love that escaped (36)_______ notice in the past.As he recalls how his father warmed the house, the speaker’s coldness toward his father starts to melt away. In its place is love and gratitude. It dawns on him that love is not just hugging and kissing, or always warm and affectionate, but (37)_______ well be cold and stern in appearance.In fact, mature love often requires self-discipline and self-sacrifice.During our stressful teen years, we may find that our parents, especially our fathers, have difficulty(38)_______ (show) their love for us verbally — sometimes when we need it most. This is certainly very discouraging. However, if we remember (39)_______ (be) grateful or not so self-centered, we will see that their love has always been there, only(40)_______ (express) in ways different from what we may have expected.Keys: 25. Having earned 26. what/something 27. However 28.was required 29.which30.another 31.before 32.remains 33.treated 34.that 35.for 36.his 37.may38.showing 39.to be 40.expressedSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café. One said that she (25) ______ (meet) one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends (26) ______ (disappoint) in real life.We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially (27) ______ from one-child families, like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness. However, is it wise for them to do so?In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) ______ ______ take care. When you talk with someone unknown on the Internet, you have no idea at all what kind of person he is and (29) ______ he is telling you the truth. Besides we can’t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people (30) ______ (trap). So, you’re taking the risk of meeting your net friends (31) ______ you get any idea about him. In a word, you can never be too careful when meeting your net friends.(B)Perhaps one aspect of modern life which is most often considered ‘annoying’ is noise. According to some estimates, the amount of urban noise (32) ______ (double) in the past ten years, and with the increase in road and air traffic, noise is likely to increase too.Noise quite clearly affects the health of modern man. It is a health threat. Loud noise (33) ______ (say) to be a leading cause of deafness among many people over 65. It is also a major (34) ______ (contribute) factor in causing stress, (35) ______ itself causes a variety of illnesses.Noise is sometimes associated with lack of communication in the modern world. In many busy shops, factories and nightclubs, (36) ______ level and constancy of noise make conversation at a natural level difficult or impossible.Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right (37) ______ (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they?We are so trained to noise in this modern world (38) ______ people growing up with little (39) ______ no experience of genuine peace and quiet have begun to associate silence with boredom. Isn’t it time for us to start teaching young people that silence is golden and that you can do a lot of interesting things (40) ______ the accompaniment of noise?Keys: 25. would meet/ was going to meet 26. disappointing 27. those 28. have to/ ought to29. whether/ if 30. trapped 31. before/ unless 32. has doubled 33. is said34. contributing 35. which 36. the 37. to make 38. that 39. or 40. withoutSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gordon was hungry. He opened the refrigerator, (25)_____ there used to be much food before his wife left him. There must be (26)_____ in here to eat, he thought. Now, however, there was a single hot dog.After (27)_____ (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gasburner. He turned on the heat. Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan. He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise. (28)_____ the oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About (29)_____ minute later, he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out of the pan.Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster. This was tasty and healthy bread. The first ingredient (30)_____ (list) was organic sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.When the toast popped up, he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. (31)_____ top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On top of the hot dog, he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits. Ahh, (32)_____ a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down(33)_____ (eat).(B)Sara needed to see the doctor. She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass gas every minute or so. This was terrible. She (34)_____ hardly go anywhere in public.Her friends told her it was (35)_____ she had moved to America. The air, water, and food in America weren't agreeing with her. They said she would have to return to her home country."No way," Sara said. She didn't want to go home. She liked America. This was a minor problem, she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it in no time. Two days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if she drank milk. She said yes, three glasses a day."Don't drink any (36)_____ (much) regular milk. Start drinking lactose-free milk, because lactose can upset your stomach."Then he asked her (37)_____ there were any big problems in her life. She said that her boyfriend was a big problem. He wanted to get married, (38)_____ she didn't. The doctor said that she should break up with her boyfriend and find (39)_____."Why?" Sara asked."Because your boyfriend (40)_____ (give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of your upset stomach.""I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that.""Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you."Keys: 25. where 27. something 28. taking 29. When/After 30. a/one 31. listed 32. On 33. what 34. to eat 35. could 36. because 37. more 37. if 38. but 39. another 40. is givingSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?(25)______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth (26) ______ (talk) about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage(高电压) transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down (27) ______ ______ it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero (28) ______ (experience) life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? (29) ______ the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, (30) ______ who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India (31) ______ still be part of the British Empire. (32) ______ may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.(B)When young people get their real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situation. They may find that everything is different from the way things (33) ______ (be) at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations (34) ______ appear in the working world.Perhaps the best way (35) ______ (learn) how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is (36) ______ you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts when he is in trouble. Perhaps even (37) ______ (important), you will be able to see what his approach to everyday situations (38) ______ (be). While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like (39) ______ and how you can learn from his response to different situations. By (40) ______ (learn) from a model, you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.Keys: 25. Despite 26.talking 27. so that 28. experience 29. If 30. but31. might / would 32. It 33. were 34. that / which 35. to learn 36. that37. more important 38.is / will be 39. yours 40. learningSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)When I was young I wanted to be a model, so I convinced my parents to take me for an audition (试演). I was (25) (select)and told I had potential.I imagined (26) (sign) by some famous model companies．For months, any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew I (27) ( have ) the chance to be a real model soon.Of course, I wasn't signed, but (28) hurt the most was being told that if I grew to1．75 meters I could be a success．I prayed for a growth spurt （冲刺）because I didn’t want to give up my dream. I made an appointment with a local modeling agency.The agency sent me out on a few auditions, but with every day I didn't receive a call, I grew more (29) (depress). The final straw came in July (30) I had decided to focus on commercial modeling. There was an open call in New York City．We spent hours driving, only to be told that I was too short.Years later, I realize that the trip to New York was good as (31) made me notice I didn't actually love modeling, just the idea of it. I wanted to be special and I was naively determined (32) (reach) an impossible goal. The experience has made me stronger and that will help me later in the future.(B)The cold came a little bit earlier this winter. The weather has been harsh and unforgiving.Beijing witnessed the (33) (early) snowfall since the 1950s on Nov 3. Temperatures in many parts of China have hit record lows, with Inner Mongolia suffering from a killer cold of -40C. Cold weather also brought heavy snowstorms (34) the US, Russia and Europe,(35)_______(cause) deaths and forcing highways to shut down.You may not think they are related in any possible way, but scientists say that the extreme cold started in the North Pole, where the sea ice is melting rapidly (36) the burning of fossil fuels. This summer, the National Snow and Ice Data Center in the US announced that the sea ice coverage in (37) Arctic had reached its lowest level with less than half of the coverage it has four decades ago.Large amounts of sea ice loss could change (38) air circulates in the atmosphere. At the same time, melting sea ice also release more ocean water, which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that (39) be transferred into snow.Also, the attack of the cold came quickly and without a break this year. This left no time for the temperature to revive(回升)，(40) caused the cold to accumulate.Keys: 25. was selected 26.being signed 27.would have 28.what 29. depressed30.after 31.it 32.to reach 33. earliest 34.to 35.causing 36.because of37. the 38.how 39.can 40.whichSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia, on August 27, 1910. She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen. At that time, some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia were working in India, and they often (25)_______(write) to the school about their work. She decided to join them one day.When she left school, she first went to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began(26)_______(train)to be a teacher. After training, she was sent to Calcutta, (27)_______she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress.However, (28)_______she loved teaching, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta. Later she was trained to become a nurse in Patna, and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Slowly, (29)_______ came to help her, and her work spread to other parts of India.Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. Many photos (30)_______ (take) of her, (31)_______ she travels around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries. In 1979, she was given the Nobel Prize for the lifetime of love and service she has given to the poor.( B )On any collecting trip, obtaining the animals is, as a rule, the simplest part of the job. As soon as the local people discover that you are willing to buy live wild creatures, the stuff comes(32)_______ (pour) in; ninety percent is, of course, the more common types, but they do bring(33)_______occasional rarity. If you want the really rare stuff, you generally have to go out and find it yourself.The chief difficulty you have when you have got a newly (34)______ (catch) animal is not so much the shock it might be suffering, but the fact (35)_______being caught forces it to exist close to a creature it regards as an enemy of the (36)_______ (bad) possible sort: yourself. On many occasions an animal may take beautifully to being in a cage but (37)_______ (get) used to the idea of living with people is another matter. This is the difficulty you (38)_______only deal with bypatience and kindness. For month after month an animal may try to bite you every time you approach its cage, (39)_______you despair of ever making a favorable impression on it. Then, one day, sometimes without any preliminary warning, it will trot forward and take food from your hand, or allow you to tickle it behind the ears. (40)_______ such moments you feel that all the waiting in the world was worthwhile.Keys: 25. wrote 26. to be trained 27. where 28. although/though 29. others30. have been taken 31. as/when 32. pouring 33. an 34. caught 35. that36. worst 37, getting 38. can 39. until 40. AtSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)A friendly dog named Bonnie, who also happens to be deaf, is being praised by her owner for(25) _____(help) him catch a suspected intruder in their home.Dan Strasser said he heard Bonnie running around the living room at about 6 a.m. Saturday, so he got out of bed to see (26) _____ she was so excited. He said Bonnie didn’t bark or bite like a guard dog, but (27) _____ she behaved was enough to alert him.When Strasser walked into the living room, he caught the intruder (28) _____(try) to steal his computer. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door (29) _____ he came in, he accidentally ran into the garage and (30) _____(seize) there.Strasser grabbed his gun and held the intruder in the garage while his girlfriend called 911. Police showed up and arrested the intruder, whom they later identified (31) _____ Thomas Lowell, who was accused in court Monday of burglary (入室行窃) and possession of drug. He is due back in court on Oct. 2nd.Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie (32) _____ get into the backyard. He plans to keep it (33) _____(lock) from now on.(B)The first-ever American Laughing Championship is taking place in San Diego. The contest is the first national championship in the US, (34) _____ Canadian filmmaker, Albert Nerenberg, has previously organized national laughing contests in Canada and Japan and a state championship in California back in 2010. The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (35) _____(attractive) laugh. Daunte Reed is one of about twelve people competing in the contest. He is hoping to be a winner of the title of top laugher. “I’ve been told I have (36) _____ attractive laugh. (37) _____ doesn’t take much to make me laugh,” Reed said.The contest includes the belly laugh, the crazy laugh and the diabolical (魔鬼般的) laugh. The last one is the most challenging, according to Nerenberg, who said the goal is (38) _____(make) the audience laugh with your laugh. The solo (单独的) laughing requires a good voice. However, the other laugh styles require someone to get the audience laughing; a good diabolical laugh requires the laugher to infect himself and start laughing naturally,” he explained.“The person who wins isn’t always the best, but the top three people are always the best. It is more joy (39) _____ these people bring to the world. They tend to be happy types. We (40) _____(never have) a sad person win so f ar,” he added.Keys: 25. helping/having helped 26. why 27. how 28. trying 29. Where 30. was seized31. as 32. could 33. locked 34. Although 35. the most attractive36. an 37. It 38. to make 39. That 40.have never hadSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage (25)______ the river running across their city. (26)______ cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river is so polluted that。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café. One said that she (25) ______ (meet) one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends (26) ______ (disappoint) in real life.We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially (27) ______ from one-child families, like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness. However, is it wise for them to do so?In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) ______ ______ take care. When you talk with someone unknown on the Internet, you have no idea at all what kind of person he is and (29) ______ he is telling you the truth. Besides we can‟t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people (30) ______ (trap). So, you‟re taking the risk of meeting your net friends (31) ______ you get any idea about him. In a word, you can never be too careful when meeting your net friends.(B)Perhaps one aspect of modern life which is most often considered …annoying‟is noise. According to some estimates, the amount of urban noise (32) ______ (double) in the past ten years, and with the increase in road and air traffic, noise is likely to increase too.Noise quite clearly affects the health of modern man. It is a health threat. Loud noise (33) ______ (say) to be a leading cause of deafness among many people over 65. It is also a major (34) ______ (contribute) factor in causing stress, (35) ______ itself causes a variety of illnesses.Noise is sometimes associated with lack of communication in the modern world. In many busy shops, factories and nightclubs, (36) ______ level and constancy of noise make conversation at a natural level difficult or impossible.Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right (37) ______ (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they?We are so trained to noise in this modern world (38) ______ people growing up with little (39) ______ no experience of genuine peace and quiet have begun to associate silence with boredom. Isn‟t it time for us to start teaching young people that silence is golden and that you can do a lot of interesting things (40) ______ the accompaniment of noise?1 / 12Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world‟s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms —any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist(气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Ecotourism is a combination of ecology (the study of systems of living things) and tourism. It is ___51___ “responsible travel to natural areas that preserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people” by the International Ecotourism Society. Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a(n) ___52___ way. It‟s a big business, and the attraction of money can cause people to think about ___53___ first. While2 / 12ecotourism offers benefits to people and ecosystems, it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects, too.Costa Rica, once a Spanish colony, and independent since 1821, has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly, and thousands of jobs have been ___54___. Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks, ___55___ thanks to ecotourism. Nevertheless, due to the number of people visiting the country‟s natural places, some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.While ___56___ can have a negative impact on ecosystems, the same areas might have been ___57___ by industries such as farming, logging, or mining if there were no ecotourism industry. Shelters(庇护所) have been created ___58___, keeping the ecosystem protected. And, by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals, visitors get a sense of their ___59___, and of gratitude for them. Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment. Visitors can take these ___60___ with them to their home countries.Unfortunately, while their effect may not be ___61___ in the off-season, the constant parade of visitors in the high season can be damaging. At one national park in Costa Rica, wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists. ___62___, ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants, ___63___ the most delicate living things.It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry, but it is important to be ___64___ as well. Ecotourism can never be “pure”. We can‟t expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem. It is also ___65___ to suppose that humans won‟t go anywhere accessible to them. If protection efforts are maintained and increased, those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed, but they won‟t be destroyed.51. A. defined as B. made up of C. applied to D. combined with52. A. attractive B. natural C. different D. responsible53. A. effects B. nature C. profits D. economy54. A. lost B. created C. abandoned D. shifted55. A. mainly B. comparatively C. unfortunately D. barely56. A. tourists B. environment C. manufacturers D. politics57. A. fertilized B. destroyed C. reserved D. stimulated58. A. equally B. regularly C. instead D. though59. A. freedom B. hardness C. welfare D. value60. A. ecosystems B. lessons C. animals D. trainers61. A. uncertain B. noticeable C. healthy D. special62. A. For instance B. On the contrary C. In addition D. As a whole63. A. appreciating B. discovering C. sheltering D. pressuring64. A. positive B. creative C. effective D. sensitive65. A. feasible B. reasonable C. unrealistic D. inevitable3 / 12Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When I was young, it wasn‟t the parental love that filled my thoughts in the spring. It was baseball.I loved everything about the game — the crack of a bat, the excitement of chasing a ground ball across short green grass, even watching the games on our old black-and-white TV. Yet looking back now, nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual (老规矩) of playing catch with my dad.Dad was never much of a baseball fan, but as green leaves began to shoot on bare branches and warmth returned to the air, he would grab his old mitt (棒球手套) and head out to the yard with me just the same. There was something beneficial about playing catch with him, the hum of the ball as it sailed through the air, and the friendly pop as it hit the leather netting. We may have been 50 feet apart, but the flight of that ball connected us, forming as strong a relationship as any father-son talk ever could have.I was never the star of my Little League team, yet Dad never cared about that. Every year, he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship — that even if a problem didn‟t involve a glove and a ball, Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction. His devotion to our springtime ritual showed his devotion to me — not only to my love of baseballl but also to my life.I‟ve often heard it said that “the devil is in the details.” Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, love was in the details.66. When the author was young, he didn‟t care much about ______.A. the sound of hitting a ballB. the company of his fatherC. the joy of running after a ballD. the games broadcast on TV67. The author‟s father practiced catching baseball with him on warm spring days, ______.A. having a father-son conversation with himB. killing time while doing some physical exerciseC. making him an excellent baseball playerD. giving him a guiding hand in his life4 / 1268. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. a yearly celebration was held to start their spring baseball catching ritualB. the author and his father used to have a loose relationship with each otherC. the author fully realized his father‟s love for him when he was youngD. the author‟s father always stood by him whenever he was in trouble5 / 12A. Apple product fans.B. App software developers.C. Apple product sellers.D. Information technology engineers.(C)The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying6 / 12aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts.The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation (文化适应).Cultures are often identified by their symbols — images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles (图腾柱) carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes (部落). In Asia and India, the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor‟s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression.To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people,”and kentros, meaning “center”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil.All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one‟s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one‟s own race is superior to all others.74. What does the word “innate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Instinctive.B. Developed.C. Believable.D. Cultivated.75. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another.B. An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own.C. Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire.D. People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image.76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society.7 / 12B. Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures.C. Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude.D. Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world.77. Which might be the best title of the passage?A. Culture, the origin of racial superiorityB. Culture, a faithful mirror of historyC. Culture, the vigour of world developmentD. Culture, a distinctive identity of a nationSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Some of the most popular programmes on British television, all with their regular millions of loyal viewers, are …soaps‟ such as Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale. (A …soap‟ is an informal word for a …soap opera‟, which is a television story, in daily or weekly episodes (连续剧集), about the daily lives of the characters in it.)In every soap there is comedy and tragedy, and storylines of all kinds. In every soap there is the inevitable gossip, and there is the essential character who brings misfortune on himself — or herself, the spiteful woman who hates the success of her sister in marrying a man with money and whose childish behavior splits the family.To some degree, of course, the regular episodes provide many people with an adult kind of comic, rather like Dickens‟serialized novels did. At times, the actions and characters in them seem quite realistic; at other times, they go to the other extreme and show actions that look as if they are straight from the pen of the best fiction writers. But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of …soap‟ is no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real.Certainly life is never dull in a soap. If one of the adolescents buys a motorbike and a young child lives round the corner, you can bet the two will meet in an accident. If two people fall in love and get married, you can be sure that a friend will cast an insult on the character of one of them, enough to break up the marriage. After all, this is not life; this is a soap! Reality makes way for fiction. The viewers who think that they are watching even a reflection of reality only bring disappointment to themselves. But there are still viewers who follow the comings and goings of the characters on screen with unreasoning faith, believing that the events are real when characters are injured or ill, or even die, and send cards or flowers with best wishes, congratulations or sympathies.What many of us find difficult to understand is just why soaps have become so popular?8 / 12(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale are popular British soaps which ______.79. What are the two necessary elements of a soap opera?80. The regular viewers need to be reminded that the soap operas are ______.81. What do some TV viewers do when they are mad about the soaps?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 每年圣诞期间百货店里的商品都减价出售。