国际人权法 外文版
权利法案中英文版
权利法案中英文版The Rights Bill 英文原文：The Rights Bill, officially known as the Bill of Rights, is a crucial piece of legislation in many countries around the world, including the United States. Its purpose is to protect and guarantee certain fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. The Bill of Rights forms an essential part of the constitution and ensures that the government respects and upholds the rights of its citizens.The Rights Bill is a cornerstone of democratic societies and embodies the principles of equality, justice, and liberty. It includes provisions that safeguard citizens' freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the right to bear arms. These rights are considered fundamental and are deemed necessary for the functioning of a free and fair society.One of the most significant aspects of the Rights Bill is its protection of individual rights against government abuse of power. It establishes rules and limitations on governmental actions, preventing encroachments on civil liberties. The Bill ensures that the government cannot unlawfully search or seize property without probable cause, guarantees the right to a fair trial, and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.Moreover, the Rights Bill grants citizens the right to privacy and protects them from unreasonable searches and surveillance. It underscores the importance of personal autonomy and establishes clear boundaries regarding government intrusion into people's private lives.The Rights Bill also addresses issues of due process and protects individuals from arbitrary deprivation of life, liberty, or property. It ensures that all citizens are entitled to fair and impartial treatment by the legal system. Additionally, it guarantees the right to legal representation, the right to confront accusers, and the right to remain silent during police interrogations.In addition to protecting individual rights, the Rights Bill also includes provisions regarding the rights of minority groups. It prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation. This ensures equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals within society.The Rights Bill is not without controversy. Some argue that certain rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights may conflict with the greater good or national security. There are ongoing debates regarding the interpretation and application of these rights in specific situations. Balancing individual freedoms with collective interests remains a challenge for lawmakers and the judiciary.In conclusion, the Rights Bill plays a vital role in safeguarding the rights and freedoms of individuals in democratic societies. Its provisions protect citizens from government encroachment, ensure due process, and promote equality. The Bill of Rights symbolizes the commitment to a fair and just society, where every individual is entitled to basic human rights and liberties.。
美国人权法案-英文版
The United States Bill of Rights. The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United StatesPassed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791“The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of The Pennsylvania State University’s ElectronicClassic’s Series, Jim Manis, Senior Faculty Editor.The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.This publication of “The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way.“The United States Bill of Rights” the Pennsylvania State University, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.Copyright © 1998 The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the free-dom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to pe-tition the Government for a redress of griev-ances.II A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.III No soldier shall, in time of peace be quar-tered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shallThe United States Bill of Rights.The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United States Passed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791issue, but upon probble cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describ-ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same of-fense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compen-sation.VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been com-mitted, which district shall have been previ-ously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit-nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.The Bill of RightsVIII Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un-usual punishments inflicted.IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States re-spectively, or to the people.The Bill of Rights。
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW(经济、社会和文化权利)
官方语言本
关于《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》 ——与《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》比较
我国实施《经济、社会和文应该看到，我国现行宪法关于经社文权 利的保护在某些地方是超出了公约的保护范 围的，也就是说，比公约保护得更加全面。 如宪法的第45条、第134条。 这更可以成为我国政府向人权委员会提交报 告时突出我国政府在保障经济、社会和文化 权利方面取得显著成绩的主要内容。
经济、社会和文化权利的概述
1993年联合国在世界维也纳人权会议上强调：所有 人权是普遍的、相互依存的、不可分割的。得到了 所有与会国的同意与接受。《公民权利和政治权利 国际公约》和经社文权利公约通过以后，在制定的 其他人权公约中，都没有将这两类权利分割开来。 比如《儿童权利公约》，是至今拥有缔约国最多的 国际公约，将两类权利结合得非常好。一些区域性 公约比如《欧洲社会宪章》、《美洲人权公约》等 等，都是将两类权利融合在一起的。在国内法层面 上，宪法也并不排斥将这两项权利结合在一起。
人权研究及报告 政府分析 呼吁倡导 社区组织及鼓励 法律援助与诉讼 其他争议解决方式 与其他活动者和组织 联合 立法提倡 经社文权利培训、实 习和专业发展 实用预算分析 小额贷款 运用国际人权制度和 其他相关的联合国程 序 具体介绍 监督
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关于《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》 ——概述
参考资料
北京大学法学院人权研究中心 (/) 四川大学人权研究中心 （/) 上海交通大学法学院人权法研究中心 （/） 广州法学人权研究中心 （/index.html) 中国人权 （/cn/index.htm）
世界人权宣言(中英文对照)
世界人权宣言Universal Declaration of Human Rights1948年12月10日第217A(III)号决议通过1948年12月10日, 联合国大会采认世界人权宣言, 请求它的会员国公布该宣言, 并 "在无政治的考量下, 在各级学校及教育机构里, 传播、张贴、研读及解说其内容。
"On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the full text of which appears in the following pages. Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and "to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories."序言PREAMBLE鉴於对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认, 乃是世界自由、正义及和平的基础,Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,鉴於对人权的忽视及侮蔑已发展为野蛮暴行, 这些暴行玷污了人类的良心, 而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免於恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临, 已被宣布为普通人民的最高愿望,Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the commonpeople,鉴於为使人类不致迫不得已铤而走险, 对暴政和压迫进行反抗, 有必要使人权受法治的保护,Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,鉴於有必要促进各国间友好关系的发展,Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,鉴於联合国国家的人民已在联合国宪章中重申他们对基本人权、人格尊严和价值以及男女平等权利的信心, 并决心促成较大自由中的社会进步和生活水平的改善,Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charterreaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,鉴於各会员国都已誓愿同联合国合作, 以促进对人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行,Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,鉴於对这些权利和自由的普遍了解, 对於这个誓愿的充分实现, 有很大的重要性,Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,因此, 现在,Now, Therefore,大会THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY宣告proclaims这一世界人权宣言, 作为所有人民和所有国家努力实现的共同标准,以期每一个人和社会机构经常铭念本宣言, 努力通过教诲和教育, 促进对权利和自由的尊重, 并通过国家的和国际的渐进措施, 使这些权利和自由在各会员国本身人民及在其管辖下领土的人民中, 得到普遍和有效的承认和遵行。
国际公法 第十五章 国际人权法
Part III 普遍性人权保护制度
• 防止性别歧视的规定
ICCPR第3条：本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和 妇女在享有本公约所载一切公民和政治权利方面 有平等的权利。 ICESCR第3条：本公约缔约各国承担保证男子和 妇女在享有本公约所载一切经济、社会和文化权 利方面有平等的权利。 ICESCR第7.1.1条:公平的工资和同价工作同酬 而没有任何歧视，特别是保证妇女享受不差于男 子所享受的工作条件，并享受同工同酬。
一、国际人权宪章 (international bill of human rights) ❒ 1948年《世界人权宣言》 ❒ 1966年《经济、社会、文化权 利国际公约》（ICESCR） ❒ 1966年《公民权利和政治权利 国际公约》（ICCPR）
❒ 1966年《公民权利和政治权利国际公 约任择议定书》 ❒ 1989年《旨在废除死刑的〈公民权利 和政治权利国际公约〉第二任择议定书》
• 人权委员会职能的终止
（二）促进和保护人权小组委员会 • 该小组委员会是人权委员会的附属机构， 1947年建立，原名为“防止歧视及保护少数小 组委员会” • 该小组委员会由人权专家组成，以个人身份工 作，不代表任何国家。最初有成员12名，现增 至26名。1999年，人权委员会通过第1999/31 号决定，改名为“促进和保护人权小组委员会” • 职权主要包括：就防止对人权和基本自由的任 何种类的歧视以及保护少数的问题进行研究并 向人权委员会提出建议，还可以由经社理事会 或人权委员会授权行使委托给它的其他职责
6.非居住国公民和移徙者的权利
❒《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际 公约》 （ICPMW）
7.难民权利（refugee）
（1）概念
❒ 1951年关于难民地位的公约及其1967年议定书 ❒ 有正当理由畏惧由于种族、宗教、国籍、属于某一 社会团体或具有某种政治见解的原因遭受迫害留在其本国 以外，并由于此项畏惧而不能或不愿受该国保护的人，或 者不具有国籍而留在他以前经常居住国家以外而现在不能 或由于畏惧不愿返回该国的人
中英文公民权利和政治权利国际公约
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS公民权利和政治权利国际公约Preamble 序言The States Parties to the present Covenant, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person, Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his economic, social and cultural rights, Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights andfreedoms, Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which he belongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, Agree upon the following articles:本公约缔约各国，考虑到，按照联合国宪章所宣布的原则，对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认，乃是世界自由、正义与和平的基础，确认这些权利是源于人身的固有尊严，确认，按照世界人权宣言，只有在创造了使人人可以享有其公民和政治权利，正如享有其经济、社会、文化权利一样的条件的情况下，才能实现自由人类享有公民及政治自由和免于恐惧和匮乏的自由的理想，考虑到各国根据联合国宪章负有义务促进对人的权利和自由的普遍尊重和遵行，认识到个人对其他个人和对他所属的社会负有义务，应为促进和遵行本公约所承认的权利而努力，兹同意下述各条：PART I 第一部分 Article 1 第一条1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. Byvirtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case may a people be deprived of its own means of subsistence.3. The States Parties to the present Covenant, including those having responsibility for the administration of Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories, shall promote the realization of the right of self-determination, and shall respect that right, in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.一、所有人民都有自决权。
case_国际人权法_伊斯特拉诉乌拉圭酷刑和不人道待遇案
case_国际⼈权法_伊斯特拉诉乌拉圭酷刑和不⼈道待遇案伊斯特拉诉乌拉圭——酷刑和不⼈道待遇案Estrella v.Uruguay[案例⽂书]判决书[案例状态]已审结[涉案国家]乌拉圭阿根廷[审理机关]United Nations human rights commission（联合国⼈权委员会）[案情摘要]伊斯特拉是⼀位阿根廷钢琴家，住在乌拉圭。
1977年，他接到官⽅通知：作为庇隆主义者，他被认为是乌拉圭政府的反对者。
他和朋友在蒙得维地亚的家中被绑架，并遭受了酷刑，绑架者要求伊斯特拉承认他参加了⼀个在乌拉圭和阿根廷实施军事⾏动的计划。
1977年12⽉23⽇，伊斯特拉被转移到⼀个军营，1978年1⽉20⽇，他被带到另外的监狱，继续受到不⼈道的酷刑的对待。
伊斯特拉在监狱⼀直被关押到1980年2⽉13⽇，他出狱后向联合国⼈权委员会对乌拉圭提出了控诉。
⼈权委员会最后认为，乌拉圭违反了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第7条和第10（1）条。
因此，委员会要求乌拉圭为其违反公约⽽使伊斯特拉遭受的痛苦对伊斯特拉提供有效的救济，包括赔偿，并采取措施避免类似的事件再次发⽣。
[学理词]⼈权[法律点]联合国⼈权委员会是否可以受理违反⼈权的控诉？联合国⼈权委员会的决定是否有法律效⼒？[案件背景]⼀、庇隆主义简介庇隆1895年出⽣于阿根廷，1946年出任阿根廷总统。
他提出以“社会正义、政治主权、经济独⽴”为⼝号的庇隆主义。
1947年，庇隆将阿根廷正义党改称为庇隆主义党。
1974年庇隆去世。
⼆、《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》相关内容第七条任何⼈均不得加以酷刑或施以残忍的、不⼈道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚。
特别是对任何⼈均不得未经其⾃由同意⽽施以医药或科学试验。
第⼗条1、所有被剥夺⾃由的⼈应给予⼈道及尊重其固有的⼈格尊严。
2、（甲）除特殊情况外，被控告的⼈应与被判罪的⼈隔离开，并应给予适合于未判罪者⾝份的分别待遇；（⼄）被控告的少年应与成年⼈分隔开，并应尽速予以判决。
欧洲人权法律 英文版
The reform of the European court of human rights
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The Convention prohibits in particular
torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
slavery and forced labour death penalty arbitrary and unlawful detention discrimination in the enjoyment of the rights and
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whose image is known worldwide. From here,
the Court monitors respect rightsthe human 1959 The European court of human for , established in rights of 800 million Europeans in the 47
In December 1977, Ireland to the European Court of Human Rights lawsuit to sue the However, the Courtthe British Government had United Kingdom, another five means of implementation, and the beating of prisoners, even violated the "freedom from torture and ifinhuman treatment, freedom provisions, some non-tortured, still constitutes a "freedom from torture and inhumancourt case was into the people without the treatment, freedom" in violation The court held that although the British prison. of the Convention. Government to the imprisonment of those who, in violation of the Convention rights, but in this case can be considered the violation is a violation to have a legitimate reason.