2014年下初级英语真题答案

2014年下半年中小学教师资格考试

英语学科知识与教学能力试题（初级中学）参考答案及解析一、单项选择题

1．【答案】A。解析：考查音的词化。/n/被后面的/b/同化了，/b/是双唇音，/n/也被同化成相应的双唇音/m/。

2．【答案】D。解析：考查影响元音分类的因素，元音之间的区別主要是在四方面：一是舌头抬起的高度——高、中、低。二是舌头最高部分的位置——前、中、后，三是元音的长度或紧度——长元音和短元音，四是唇的圆展度——圆唇、非圆唇。元音的区別跟声带无关。故选D。

3．【答案】D。解析：考查近形词辨析。句意为“研究表明我们对是非的判断力并非仅仅是基于（）、信仰和哲学——而是取决于我们大脑的生理过程”“rise up”“上升，起义”，bring-up “养育，培养”,uprising“起义，暴动”upbringing“教养，养育，抚育”根据语境，是非的判断力不仅仅基于教养，故选D。

4．【答案】B。解析：考查合成形容词。quik-frozen为合成形容词，意为“速冻的”本句意为“公司成立于2003年，专业从事水果蔬菜罐头和速冻食品的出口业务”，故选B。

5．【答案】B。解析：考查动词的固定用法后接动名词,expert后接不定式。句意为“被告知要等待他很生气，他希望部长到达的时候能立即见他”故选B。

6．【答案】A。解析：考查状语从句的省略现象。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，即题中从句中的crossing为he was crossing的省略。故选A。

7．【答案】A。解析：考查连词辨析句意为“你可以睡在大厅的沙发，（）_你也可以去附近的旅馆”可知，句子前后应该用能表达选择关系的连词。故选A。

8．【答案】A。解析：考查倒装用法not是否定词，置于句首时句子需要采用部分倒装的形式，故选A。

9．【答案】C。解析：考查词素知识impossible这个单词包含三个语素，分别是前缀im-,词根possi和后缀-ble。故选C。

10．【答案】D。解析：考查词语异常搭配的修辞效果转移修饰（也称移就）是用表示甲性质或特征的形容词、过去分词或现在分词来修饰不同属性的乙，使词语搭配产生变异。造成突出。转移修饰能使人产生形象联想，收到情景交融、耐人寻味的表达效果。如题干中eloquent pause一词意味深长：谁听罢那故事，都会心悦诚服，无言以对，只好默不作声了。

11．【答案】B。解析：考查英语语音教学。英语中的重音可以用来表示强调,表达重要信息。

12．【答案】A。解析：考查英语阅读教学教师让学生讨论文中作者的观点是如何被组织起来的，目的是让学生认识文章的结构。

13．【答案】B。解析：考查英语语法教学:替换性练习（Substitution drills)强调语法教学中的准确性。

14．【答案】D。解析：考查英语听力教学。题目中教师让学生注意听力中“飞机抵达和出发的时间”是为了让学生听出具体的时间信息.即培养学生获得具体信息的能力。

15.【答案】C。解析：考查语用学在英语教学中的运用。题目中教师让词学尽可能多地说出“打开门”这句话不同的表达形式，并列举出这句话在不同语境中可能具备的功能，这种教学方式是为了强调形式与功能之间的关系。

16．【答案】B。解析：考查英语口语教学,为了帮助学生在口语课堂上交流，教师可以采取小组讨论的形式来进行课堂活动。

17．【答案】B。解析：考查教学评价教育评价就其目的不同，通常分为“形成性评价”与“终结性评价”两种类型。王蔷等编写的《英语教学法教程》认为，有三种评价：Criterion-referenced assessment(目标参照性评价），Norm-referenced assessment(常模参照性评价）和Individual-referenced assessment(个体参照性评价)。常模参照性评价是依据学生个人的成绩与规定的一群人（如班级、年级、全国的同龄人等）中其他人的成绩相比较来评价和决定他成绩优劣的一种方法，而不考虑他是否达到教学目标的要求故选B。

18．【答案】C。解析：考查英语教学中的提问技巧：在英语教学中恰当地运用教学手段可以激励学生学习动力，C项的提问比较开放，且有助于全体学生的积极参与，能够激起学生的学习兴趣。

19．【答案】D。解析：考查教学反馈相关知识。A、B、C三项都属于直接纠错，只有D项是属于间接纠错。

20．【答案】A。解析：考查英语教学法。全身反应法主要是对儿童应用比较多。故选A。

Passage1

21．【答案】D。解析：细节题。由第一段“Seventy years ago more than160,000Allied troops stormed the beaches of Normandy during the D-Day invasion.”和第二段“The Hershey chocolate company was approached back in1937about creating a specially designed bar just for U.S．Army emergency rations”以及第三段“By the end of the war,the oompany had produced more than3billion...”可知，作者都是在陈述事实，并未添加个人的感情色彩。

22．【答案】C。解析：细节题。根据文中第二段“they had to weight4ounces,be high in energy, withstand high temperalures and taste a liltle better than a boiled potato”句知，它具有质量轻、能量高、抗热性强的特点，故选C。

23．【答案】C。解析：推断题。根据第四段“But“Hiller’s Secret Weapon”,as many infantrymen

referred to the chofolate bar,was harrlly the only candy in the D-Day rations.Candy was an easy way to pep up the troops,and the quick burst of energy...”可知，糖果是一种激励军队的简单方式，并且是一种快速补充能量的方式，故选C。

24．【答案】A。解析：词义题根据“Candy was an easy way to pep up the troops,the quick burst of energy provided by sugar”可知cheer up为正确选项.故选A。

25．【答案】A。解析：主旨题。根据文章第一段中的“Food had to be lightweight,nutritious and very high”，以及文中对D ration bar诞生和制作的描述可知A项正确。

Passage2

26．【答案】B。解析：细节题。根据义中第二段“Gnnski will deliver excellence anti equity in education by massively increasing goverment expenditure”即Conski将要发扬教育的优点和公正，故选B。

27．【答案】B。解析：词义题。第九段指出“一个更有效的方法是制定严谨的课程，聘请高资质和（）教学的老师，父母与学校强存力的参与，广泛的指导……”,根据所描述的内容，可推断该词的意思应该与整句话表达的意思一致。devoted“献身的，忠诚的”最为符合，故选B。

28．【答案】A。解析：细节题。根据第七段可知，作者主要是通过列举一些权威机构的观点来做支撑的。故选A。

29．【答案】A。解析：推断题。根据文章最后一段可以得知，如何拨款给私立学校代表着一种利益上的冲突，说明国际财政机制还不够完善，即应该有一个财政典范，故选A。

30．【答案】D。解析：主旨题。本文主要是在讲Julia Gillard所推崇的一种基金模式，故选D。

二、简答题

31．【参考答案】

（1）教师在课堂上“创设语境”需要考虑的基本要素：

①创设语境要有针对性创设语境要做到有的放矢，因材施教，所开展的活动目标、内容、方法及形式等都要适合学生的年龄特征、智力水平。

②创设语境要有趣味性创设的语境要能够充分调动学生参与的积极性，使学生感知更加清晰、想象更加活跃、思维更加深刻、记忆更加牢固。

③创设语境要贴近生活语境的创设要尽可能贴近学生生活，让学生有话可说。真正参与到教师所创设的语境中来，培养学生运用所学的语言材料在特定的语言情景中的交际能力。

④创设语境要行可操作性语境的创设要便于操作，不要超出教师的可控范围。如在学习Library —课时，如果为了追求语境的创设完全把课堂搬到图书馆中，学生在图书馆中并不能大声讲话，新环境也容易使学生分心。这样就不能达到提升学生英语能力的目的。

(2)教学手段：

①充分挖掘教材中可利用因素，创设语境，激发学生学习兴趣。

教师抓住学生“新奇”的心理，利用教材创设合适的语境，就能激发学生的学习积极性。如在教授初中英语第二册Unit18Ann’s Birthday Party时可以把教室设计为Ann的家，将教室的课桌摆在四周，中间放着讲台，上面放着事先准备好的玩具电话，还有学生事先准备的生日蛋糕、蜡烛、水果、饮料等。让一个学生扮演Ann，她首先拨响“电话”，向朋友们发出邀请。“朋友们”陆续打来电话与Ann“对话”。这样的语境既贴近生活，富有趣味性，又可以巩固课堂教学。

②借助现代技术，由传统单一性教学向现代多样性教学转变。

英语教学有着得天独厚的优势，教师可运用录音机、多媒体等现代教具和技术，服务英语教学。例如在讲授SEC Book II中的“Hurricane”时，由于原文阅读篇幅较长，可以把课文内容设置成几幅相应的图片或几段相应的视频：狂风暴雨、风吹树倒、房屋倒塌、供电设施破坏、军队救援等。学生可以迅速进入到图片或视频中所给出的语境中，与教师展开进一步的讨论。

③发挥教师主导作用，开展形式多样的课堂活动。

创设语境是为了提高教学效果。任何教学活动都是紧紧围绕教学目的进行的，这就要求充分发挥教师的主导作用。例如：教授交际用语中“问路”和“指路”的表达法时，教师设计了如下的游戏：A.教师说出想做的事，学生猜地名；B.将教室内的过道看成街道，将学生的座位设想为一个个岔路口，上面贴着一些街名，然后教师发出指令，学生表演；C.把学生所处的位置想成不同的地名，师生做根据路线找地名的游戏；D.让学生根据简易地图做一个陌生人与警察的问路对话，使学生身临其境，学以致用。

三、教学情境分析题

32．【参考答案】

（1）导入（Lead-in)和呈现（Presentation)环节。

（2）收音机、小黑板、多媒体、实物展示台等。材料中所给的教学片段中。教师既采用了现代教学手段又采用了传统的教学手段。现代教学手段的使用是指教师以图片导入新课的内容，采用视觉媒体；传统教学手段的使用是指教师在讲授新单词时，在黑板上给词学板书“special”和“creative”

采用现代媒体教学手段——图片的目的：将图、文、像融为一体，使教与学的活动变得更加丰富多彩，又可以寓知识学习、技能训练、智力开发于生动活泼的形象之中，从而激发学生的学习兴趣，变苦学为乐学，词时又促进他们的思维发展，丰富他们的想象力，从而提高学生的学习效率，保证教学的质量。

采用传统教学手段——黑板的目的：小黑板是所有直观教具中最普通、最灵活、最实在的东西。具体表现为以下三点:①帮助教师展示教学内容的知识结构，帮助学生理解知识的逻辑关系。②帮助概括教学内容，体现教学的重点和难点；帮助学生记忆和回忆教学要点。③帮助基础较差的学生掌握目标语。如果是多媒体，呈现之后幻灯片可能马上过去，不再复现，等到教学生自己操练时，程度差的学生可能已经遗忘，而如果在呈现时把目标语写在黑板上，就能在课堂上一直保存，随时可

以让需要的学生参考，提高他们学习的积极性。

（3）教师在课堂互动中应注意的问题：

①教师谈话方面

英语课堂教学师生互动始于教师的谈话。教师要注意说话的量、语速、语音、语调等。该片段中教师注意使用升降调的方法来教授新单词，可以吸引学生的注意力。

②教师提问方面

我们可以把问题分为展示性问题和真实性问题两种。展示性问题是指提问者事先知道答案的问题，如教师手拿铅笔问：“Is this a pencil?”；而真实性问题则是提问者事先不知道答案的问题，如“What did you do last night?”。在人们的实际交往中，更多使用的是真实性问题。因此，在课前设计问题时，应有意识地多设计真实性问题，减少展示性问题，从而使课堂上师生的互动也更贴近实际生活中的交往。

③反馈和对待错误的态度

当学生回答了一个问题，或完成了一项任务，教师应对其表现提供反馈意见，这也是教师的重要职责之一，而且学生对教师的反馈也非常在乎。此外，当学生出错的时候，教师对学生的态度也是非常重要的，教师应该容忍学生犯错误，并注意纠错的方法，避免用批评指责的语气。

④学生课堂参与度方面

一节课中师生互动是否成功要看学生参与的数量和质量。学生的参与度与学生的语言能力有关，一般情况下，语言能力越强，上课参与度越高，而语言能力较弱的学生，上课参与度也相对较低。所以，教师应多鼓励那些语言能力相对较弱的学生参与互动，给他们创造更多的练习机会。

四、教学设计题

33．【参考设计】

Teaching Contents:

Two passages about dinosaurs and Diogenes.

Teaching Objectives:

(1)Knowledge objective

Students can understand the knowledge about dinosaurs and Diogenes and master the writing skills to describe people and objects.

(2)Ability objective

After learning the materials,students’ability of writing and reading will be well developed.

(3)Emotional objective

Students can get more information about dinosaurs and Diogenes and become more interested in science．Teaching Key and Difficult Points:

How to describe people and objects in writing.

Teaching Procedures:

Step1Warming up and Lead-in(5minutes)

(1)Greeting.

(2)Lead in the topic of dinosaurs and Diogenes by playing a video to students in three minutes．Then ask one student to tell his/her impressions of the video.

(Justification:This step can attract students to the lesson.)

Step2Reading and Listening(7minutes)

(1)Listen to the tape about the dinosaurs.

(2)Answer the following questions according to the first passage.

Are all the dinosaurs the same size?

What are the characteristics of the harmless dinosaurs?And what are about the harmful ones?

Why did the dinosaurs die out suddenly?

(3)Answer the following questions according to the second passage.

Who was Diogenes?

When and where did he live?

What did he own?

Did he feel happy?And give an example.

(4)Listen to the tape about Diogenes.

(Justification:Focus students’attention on the main topic of the reading passages．The listening practice makes students have a further understanding of the passages.)

Step3Pre-writing(5minutes)

(1)How to describe people or objects?(what,who,when,where,why,how…)

(2)Pay attention to the following points when writing:

Make clear of the“wh-”words and present the information in details.

Arrange the above information in certain order.

Describe people and objects in vivid words and expressions.

Write more about the important parts and less of the less important ones to make sure the passage is clearly organized.

(Justification:In this part,the teacher uses the two passages given above to train students’analyzing and summarizing ability．In the process of summarizing the writing skills,students know how to write and what to write.)

Step4While-writing(20minutes)

(1)Get students to outline the writing.

Paragraph1—introduction of Guy de Maupassant(who,when,how)

Paragraph2—achievements and masterpieces(what,how,why)

(2)Some key words and expressions

...a famous writer and poet,when..．a student,…write novels..．known..．in his thirties.

In all his life,..．six long novels and..．novelettes and short stories．..．reflect The Necklace..．died...

(3)Give students some time to write it on paper.

请根据下表内容，用英语写一篇介绍法国著名的作家和诗人莫泊桑的短文。词数120左右。

(Justification:The activity of outlining the writing helps students strengthen what they have learned during this lesson and gives them the structure.)

Step5Post-writing(5minutes)

(1)Editing

Ask students to read their writings and check the charity of ideas of logical development of their arguments．Students need check carefully the grammar,spelling and punctuation of their writing.

(2)Revising

Guide students to make necessary improvements in both organisation and contents based on their editing．Revising can take several rounds,so students need to be prepared to write a second and a third draft before they submit the final draft．

(Justification:This step can help raise students’awareness about how to develop ideas and how to write compositions clearly.)

Step6Summary and Homework(3minutes)

Summary:Retell what they have learned in this class.

Homework:

(1)Listen to the tape and read the text aloud.

(2)Ask students to rewrite and copy their compositions.

(Justification:This step can check out their writings and whether the students achieve the teaching objectives.)

Blackboard Design:

Teaching Reflection.

2014年英语真题含答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often _6_body mass index, or BIMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BIMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 to 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_ can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

2014年英语一真题

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一） Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1.[A] that [B] when [C] why [D] where 2.[A] fades [B] improves [C] collapses [D] recovers 3.[A] Unless [B] While [C] Once [D] If 4.[A] damaging [B] limited [C] uneven [D] obscure 5.[A] relationship [B] environment [C] wellbeing [D] outlook 6.[A] figures [B] finds [C] points [D] turns 7.[A] responses [B] associations [C] workouts [D] roundabouts 8.[A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions 9.[A] channel [B] process [C] condition [D] sequence

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