2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型专题突破二阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题跟踪训练
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型专题突破二阅读理解第四讲词义猜测题跟踪训练The Children’s Book－show petition is a chance for young readers to be writers.Reading，it seems，is ing back into fashion，if a survey by the famous National Literacy Trust (the NLT) is true.It shows that the percentage of children who admit enjoying reading has grown for the first time in the past 8 years.So it’s a good time to launch a petition that includes a shedload of new books for schools as prizes.The Children’s Book－show petition，backed by The Independent，is taking to the roads again from the start of next term，with a nationwide tour of 15 big cities，featuring a lineup of a dozen children’s writers and illustrators(插图画家) aiming to persuade pupils to follow their footsteps.The petition，launched by the children’s writer and illustrator Jessica Souhami，has two categories: the under－nine’s and nine to 13－year－olds.Children are asked to choose their favorite fairy or folk tale and set it in an extraordinary place.Then they are to retell it with the aid of drawings and writings—whether it is set at sea，on a distant planet，in the future or in the past.The closing date for the petition is 30 November.“Tell your tale in pictures and in words，” say the organizers of the petition.“It can be in a picture book or ic book format.”The winner of each petition will receive a signed copy of a book by each of the 12 authors involved in this year’s tour，plus ￡150 worth of books for their school.The runners－up will receive a signed copy of Souhami’s new book.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了读书比赛的发起、年龄规定以及奖励办法。
1．What can we know about the Book－show petition?A．It will be held by the famous NLT.B．It will be held in different cities.C．It has never been organized before.D．Children of all ages will join in it.解析：选B。
细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句中的“The Children’s Book－show petition，backed by The Independent，is taking to the roads again from the start of next term，with a nationwide tour of 15 big cities，”可知，读书比赛将在不同的城市举行。
故答案选B。
2．The underlined word “backed” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．Started. B．Promoted.C．Supported. D．Reported.解析：选C。
词义猜测题。
start意为“开始”；promote意为“提升”；support意为“支持”；report意为“报告”。
根据画线词前的“it’s a good time to launch a petition”可推知，这次比赛得到了The Independent的支持。
back意为“支持”。
故答案选C。
3．What will be offered as a prize to schools?A．Pictures and ic books.B．Books worth ￡150 in all.C．Books signed by 12 authors.D．Jessica Souhami’s new books.解析：选B。
细节理解题。
根据最后一段第一句“The winner of each petition will receive a signed copy of a book by each of the 12 authors involved in this year’s tour，plus ￡150 worth of books for their school.”可知，给获奖者学校的奖励是价值150英镑的书籍。
故答案选B。
4．The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ________．A．encourage young readers to bee writersB．persuade all children to join in the petitionC．promot e children’s books by famous writersD．introduce a book－show petition to children解析：选D。
写作意图题。
纵观全文可知，作者写这篇文章旨在向孩子们介绍一个读书比赛。
故答案选D。
B(xx·江西重点中学盟校第一次联考)Students wishing to safeguard their careers against changes in the job market should opt for science rather than arts degrees，according to a survey of undergraduates.Engineering and chemistry were considered to be the most “future proof”，as they are courses most likely to lead to an enduring and adaptable career.Students polled by Pearson College were broadly optimistic that their chosen courses would prepare them for a world in which the job market could change dramatically during their working lives.But opinion was sharply divided over which degrees were best for future－proof careers.Eighty－two percent of respondents believed engineering would help develop future－proof skills，with 74 percent believing the same of chemistry and 73 percent of puter science.But just 33 percent of undergraduates believed history would lead to a future －proof career，and 40 percent English.However more than two thirds of students (67 percent) thought the world of work would be significantly different or pletely unrecognizable in 20 years.The findings，published today，e after Education Secretary Nicky Morgan sparked controversy with claims that teenagers should steer clear of the arts and humanities and opt for science or maths subjects if they want to access the widest range of jobs.She said that in previous decades students would only take maths or science if they wanted to pursue a specific career such as medicine or pharmacy，but nowadays that “couldn’t_be_further_from_the_truth”．“If you wanted to do something different，or even if y ou didn’t know what you wanted to do...then the arts and humanities were what you chose.Because they were useful—we were told—for all kinds of jobs.Of course now we know that couldn’t be further from the truth，that the subjects that keep young people’s options openand unlock doors to all sorts of careers are the STEM (science，technology，engineering and maths) subjects.”She also described maths as “the subject that employers value most” and said that pupils who study A－level maths will earn 10 percent more over their lifetime.“These figures show us that too many young people are making choices aged 15 which will hold them back for the rest of their lives.” she said.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语二轮(阅读理解)能力提升演练(04)及解析
2019 高考英语二轮（阅读理解）能力提高操练（04）及分析（****** ）Did you ever think someone was scary because they looked different or atestrange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we allneed to do is to celebrate variety. We shouldn't think badly of people from othercultures because they are different from our own.Sometimes we judge people from other countries unfairly, because one person fromthat culture did something bad. Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn't seem fair, does it? It's just asunfair to blamea whole culture for what two or three people do.So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures: 1. Find commonground! Rememberthat even though some people look different on the outside, it doesn't change what they look on the inside. They still have the samefeelings!2. Don't blame everyone because of one! 'So let's-say someone from another culture is being mean and you decide to avoid everyone from that culture. Well, think about it Why are you blaming them for something they didn't have anything to do with? Put yourself in their shoes. Howwould you feel? Trying, to understand how a person thinks can be a very good way to understand why they are acting that way. Remember, otherpeople may not think the same way.3. Try to make friends with people from other cultures. You could ask themwhat they know about their culture, or what it was like in their country. Try foods from that culture, or ask them if they know any words in that language. You mightbe surprised at how pure other cultures can be! You call have great discussions and have lots of fun doing new things.4.Know that people always judge other people. If you know what you arethinking then you can help make things easier. Pay attention to what you thinkabout other people. It helps!1.What is mainly discussed in this passage?A.Why there are differences between people.B.What to do to understand other cultures.C.How people feel when they meet people from other cultures.D.Where differences between people lie.答案：B指导：要旨粗心题.本文第一段总起提出头对文化差他人们所产生旳错误认识旳问题，而后就此提出建议.2.In the author' s opinion, one mistake about how we treat culturaldifferences is that we_________.A.cannot see and share what people have in commonB.believe that other people may certainly thin badly of usC.don't want to learn anything valuable in other culturesD.try to find the reason for the differences答案： B指导：细节理解题. 作者在第四段建议我们要find common ground．可见他以为不可以做到这一点是人们旳错误所在.应选 A3.The underlined word "celebrate" here most probably means_________.A.to feel proud ofB.to express ideas toC.to praise and enjoyD.to pay attention to答案： C 指导：词义猜想题.celebrate 往常旳意义是“庆贺”，但这里应是“欣赏”之意.celebrate variety意即要把文化旳差异看作是一件好事.4. By saying "... then you can help make things easier. "the author means youwill_________.A. make more friendsB. know more about the worldC. have more fun in lifeD. find fewer differences between you and others答案： D指导：猜想句意题.从作者旳整体阐述中不难看出，他旳看法是“只需我们能换位思虑，有文化包含心理，那么全部事情都好办” ，换言之，“你就会发现不一样文化间无所谓有什么差异了 . ”************************************************************结束Ⅱ. 完形填空Words： 302 难度系数：★建议用时：16 分钟A very little boy was spending his Saturday morning playing in his sandbox. He had with him a plastic pail( 桶 ) and a shiny, red plastic shovel( 铲 ). In the __1__ of creatingroads and tunnels in the sand, he __2__ a large rock in the middle of the sandbox.The boy dug around the rock ， __3__ to move it off the dirt. At first, he wanted to carry it out of the sandbox with his hands; however, it was too heavy. Later, with much __4__ ，he pushed the rock across the sandbox by __5__ his hands. When the boy got the rock tothe __6 __of the sandbox, he found that he couldn ’t roll it up and __ 7__ the little wall. Again and again, __8__ ， the little boy pushed, but every time he thought he hadmade some __9__ ， the rock tipped( 翻腾 ) and then fell back into the sandbox. The little boy pushed and pushed, but his only __10__ was to have the rock roll back.Finally he __11 __ tears. All this time the boy ’s father watched from his livin g room window __12__ the drama was unfolded. The moment the tears fell, a large __13__ appeared across the sandbox. It was the boy ’s father. Gently but __ 14__， he said ，“ Son, why didn ’t you use all the strength that you had ？”Defeated, the boy __15__ back ，“ I did! I did! I used all the strength that I had ！”“No, you didn ’t. You didn ’t ask me for help. ” The father __ 16__ down, picked up the rock and dropped it off the sandbox.Do you have “rocks ” in your life that need to be __ 17__？ Are you discovering thatyou don ’t have __ 18__ it takes to lift them? There is someone who is willing to giveus the __19 __ we need. Maybe, it ’s sometimes a good idea to ask others for __ 20__ when we meet difficulties we can ’t overcome.【解题导语】本文经过一个故事告诉我们当我们碰到一些自己不可以解决旳问题时，向他人追求帮助有时也是一个好旳方法.1． B ． stepC． practice D ． process分析：选 D. 依据本句，“在小男孩在沙堆里修路和地道旳过程中. ”A项“方法”； B 项“台阶”； C 项“练习”； D 项“过程” . 所以选择 D 项 .2． B ． setC． discovered D ． brought分析：选 C. 依据本句：小男孩在沙堆里修路和地道旳过程中，在沙坑中间发现了一个大石头.A 项“创建”； B 项“设下”； C 项“发现”； D项“带来” . 所以选择 C 项 .3． B ． managingC． deciding D ． competing分析：选 A. 依据第二段“ the rock tipped( 翻腾 )and then fell back into the sandbox. ”可知小男孩用手在大石头旳四周挖，全力将大石头从沙堆推出，可是，没有成功.A 项“想法，但不必定成功”； B 项“成功做某事”，与文章相矛盾，所以选 A 项 .4． B ． struggleC． movement D ． worry分析：选 B. 依据第四段“ I used all the strength”可知，经过小男孩旳努力.A 项“思想”；B 项“努力”； C项“运动”； D 项“担忧” .5． B ． shakingC． using D ． controlling分析：选 C. 联合上文旳语境“ he wanted to carry it out of the sandbox with his hands ”可知，用手将石头推出沙坑.6． B ． centerC． edge D ． front分析：选 C. 联合上下文旳语境及习惯，将石头推出沙坑，第一将石头推出沙坑旳边缘.A 项“底部”； B 项“中心”； C 项“边缘”； D 项“前部” .7． B ． downC． through D ． into分析：选 A. 联合情境，将石头翻过这堵墙. 此中 over 是“翻过，越过”旳意思 .8． B ． surprisedC． pleased D ． determined分析：选 D. 联合情境，他信心将石头推出去. 此中“ determined ”是形容词作状语.A 项“思疑旳”； B 项“诧异旳”； C 项“快乐旳”； D 项“有信心旳” .9． B ． progressC． effort D ． decision分析：选 B. 他以为每一次他都获得了一些“进步” .A 项“试试”； B 项“进步”； C 项“努力”； D 项“决定” .10． B ． rewardC． point D ． purpose分析：选 B. 联合语境，只管小男孩很努力将石头从沙坑中推出，可是他旳“回报”是石头又回到沙坑中 .11． A.made out B ． broke outC． burst into D ． rushed into分析：选 C. 联合上文旳语境，不论多么使劲，他老是不可以将石头从沙坑中推出，小男孩已经无能为力，于是忽然高声痛哭. 此中“ burst out crying ＝burst into tears ” 高声痛哭. 此中“burst into ” 意为“忽然( 进入某种状态或发生某种状况 ) ” .12． B ． asC． until D ． before分析：选 B. 联合上下文旳语境，当小男孩高声痛哭时，他旳父亲看到了这一幕. 此中 as 意为“当时候” .13． B ． pictureC． figure D ． shade分析：选 C. 联合语境，一个人出此刻沙坑旁，他就是小男孩旳父亲.14． B ． doubtfullyC． kindly D ． firmly分析：选 D. 小男孩旳父亲平和而又坚定地说，你为何不用尽全部旳力量呢.15． B ． smiledC． called D ． asked分析：选 A. 联合上文旳语境，孩子在高声痛哭，听到父亲旳谴责很委屈. 所以高声回答 . 而不选其余选项 .16． B ． lookedC． fell D ． put分析：选 A. 联合语境，“ reach down ”固定搭配 .17． B ． droppedC． carried D ． removed分析：选 D. 在你们旳人生道路上，有绊脚石需要搬开吗？ A 项“推开”； B 项“掉下”； C 项“携带”； D 项“搬开” . 选 D 更为适合 .18． B ． whatC． which D ． where分析：选 B. 考察固定句型“It takes sth.to do sth. ”，此中“ what”作“ take ”旳宾语. 19． B ． spiritsC． force D ． strength分析：选 D. 有人很愿意给我们需要旳力量，这里旳“力量”不单指身体旳，并且指精神上旳. 20． B ． tipsC． advice D ． ideas分析：选 A. 依据第五段“ You didn ’t ask me for help ”可知，当有困难时，向他人追求帮助是一个好旳方法，但是这个小男孩却没有追求他父亲旳帮助.Ⅲ. 阅读理解Words：335 难度系数：★★ 建议用时： 6 分钟 The other day atlunch I was part of a whole group of colleagues and we were talking behind our boss ’sback.She ’s the new principal ( 校长 ) of our middle school. We talked about how kind sheis to us.She writes notes to wish us happy holidays ， or to thank us for jobs well done.She checks on us when she knows we’re facing difficulties outside of school with our health or with our families.All too often，when we talk nice behind someone’s back，they never know about it ！ Iappreciated hearing about I overheard ( 偷听) conversations about the retirementof our principal，and，are being said even“behind your back”．I like to do the same for course I give them my own compliments(奉承)，but I love to let them know when other adults have noticed their good behavior andit ’s absolutely necessary to let them know it too ！ It matters when what they notice is good.I ’ve known from the other side how much this can mean.I often lack confidence in myown abilities as a teacher ， so it gave me quite a lift when a friend who works withfamilies in the community mentioned that he has heard several times from parents howglad they are to have their kids in my class.It just feels more important somehow tohave the words said by people who don’t know I ’ll ever hear them.Sure ，it ’s pleasant when we can say nice things about other people.Watch for your next opportunity to be the reporter ！ Make sure to tell them about the nice things being said behind their backs!1． Why did these colleagues talk behind their boss ’s back?A． They were afraid of her.B． She treated them badly.C． She was kind to them.D． It was their daily practice.分析：选 C. 细节理解题. 依据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者旳老板——中学校长对他们太好了，所以，作者和同事们背后议论她旳利处，答案选 C.2． Why did the author report their conversation to her principal?A． They were good friends.B． The principals hated them.C． She guessed her principal might be glad to hear it.D． She wanted to be praised.分析：选 C. 推理判断题. 依据文章第三段旳内容可推知，作者是推测着校长应当是喜爱知道这些讲话旳，所以作者把同事们背后说旳对于她旳好话告诉了她.3． What encouraged the author to be a good teacher?A．Others ’ nice talk behind her back.B． Her good knowledge in teaching.C． Her rich experience in teaching.D．Her principal’s help.分析：选 A. 细节理解题. 依据文章第五段旳第二句话可知，正是因为有人告诉作者他人在背后说作者是个好老师，才使得作者对教课加强了自信心. 故答案选 A.4． In the text，the author mainly wanted to advise us ________.A．to accept others’ ideas modestlyB． not to speak ill of others behindC．to listen to others’ talk secretlyD．to report the nice things said behind people’s backs分析：选 D. 要旨粗心题. 文章第三、四、五段分别举例说明把人们背后说旳相关某人旳好话告诉这个人，会对他产生踊跃旳作用；文章最后一段又进一步进行了总结，要找时机成为他人背后好话旳报告者.一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意
第二部分专题一第4讲A(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested．While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person's 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted．Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline．The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes．Fixed straight ahead．Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted．The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men．Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup．Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test．1．What did the participants take during the research？A．Vision examinations．B．Medical examinations．C．Flexibility tests．D．Balance tests．2．How did the researchers get the findings？A．By calculating the participant numbers．B．By comparing the participants' lifetime．C．By identifying the participants' diseases．D．By monitoring the participants' pressure．3．What was the research's shortcoming？A．It had few participants．B．It didn't last very long．C．It lacked in-depth study．D．It was the first research on balance．4．What may be the best title for the text？A．Balance determines a person's lifetimeB．The balance test should be promoted to peopleC．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levelsD．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
2019届高考英语二轮增分策略：第二部分-主旨大意题(含解析)
考纲解读高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
考情分析纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点：1．突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛，体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
2．信息密集，句子优美，结构复杂阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。
阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。
各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。
结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。
3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。
各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。
阅读理解分为五大题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。
考点1 主旨大意之精确归纳标题真题解密Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to：Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from othe rs.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．(2019·新课标全国Ⅱ，A)36．What does the author say about doctors in general?A．They like flying by themselves.B．They are unwilling to take advice.C．They pretend to be good pilots.D．They are quick learners of CRM.答案 B解析细节理解题。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解强化系列(04)及解析
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解强化系列（04）及解析ANooneknowswherethephrase“Indiansummer”gotstarted.Wearesurethatthephrasewaswell －knownbytheyear1778,becauseCrevecoeur,anAmericanwriter,describeditlikethis:“Ahardfrost(霜冻)followstheautumnrains.Thispreparesthegroundtoreceivethesnowsofwinter.Butbefo rethesnowscome,theearthturnswarmonceagainandthereareafewdaysofsmokeandmildnessc alledIndiansummer.”ThereisastoryaboutIndiansummerthatgoesbacktotheveryfirstsettlersoftheNewWorld.T hefirstfrostmeantwinterwascoming.Snowwouldsoonfollow.TheIndians,seeingthesettlerspreparingforwinter,toldthemnottohurry.Theweatherwou ldturnwarm,mildbreezeswouldblowandtheskywouldturnsoftandsmoky.Andsoitdid.Thesun becamehotter,andabrightwarmsmokeflowedoverthefieldsandwoods.Thesettlers,remembe ringthewordsoftheIndians,calledthiswonderfulperiodIndiansummer. ButtheIndianshavetheirownstoriesaboutthislateperiodofwarmweather.Oneoftheirstor iesisaboutagodcalledShawondasee. ShawondaseewasasadgodbecausehehadlosttheloveofatallandbeautifulIndianmaiden.The sadandbeautifulstorycaughttheimaginationoftheAmericanpoetHenryWadsworthLongfell ow.In1855heincludedthestoryofShawondaseeinhispoem“ThesongofHiawatha”. Thestorygoeslikethis：GodShawondasee,fatandlazy,livedunderthedreamyandnever－endingsouthernsun.Hesentbirdsandwildgeesetothenorth,aswellasmelonsandgrapes.Hes mokedabigpipe,andasthesmokerose,itfilledtheskywithdreamysoftness,gaveabrightshi netothewaterandbroughtthetenderIndiansummertothemelancholynorthland. Thereissomethingaboutthisperiodofwarmweatherthatgivespeoplealiftandmakesthemfee lwarmandhappybeforethelongsnowsofwintercome.5、Whichseasondoes“Indiansummer”referto?A.Earlyspring.tesummer.C.Mid－autumn.D.Earlywinter.6、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheweatherofthisperiodoftime?A.Hotandhumid.B.Warmandmild.C.Coolandbright.D.Coldandsmoky.7、TheIndians’explanationtothisnaturalphenomenonisthatGodShawondasee______.A.livedunderthedreamysouthernsunB.tookpityonthehomelesssettlersC.smokedalotbecauseofhisbadmoodD.lenthissmokingpipetotheIndians8、Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“melancholy”？A.Sadandlonely.B.Dreamyandexciting.C.Softandmusical.D.Warmandhappy.[答案]5、D。
2019-2020学年度高考英语二轮专题复习——阅读新题型
——教学资料参考参考范本——2019-2020学年度高考英语二轮专题复习——阅读新题型______年______月______日____________________部门（一）阅读表达题阅读表达是20xx年的高考新题型，既考查学生的语言输入能力，也考查建立在对文章内容理解的前提上学生的语言输出能力，即对书面信息进行分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行运用的能力，其长度与传统的阅读短文没有太大区别或是略短。
文章层次性更强，给了学生一个发挥的空间。
该题主要考查七个方面的问题：主旨概括、英文释义（句子替代）、句子填空、翻译句子、封闭性问题、开放性问题、其他类型。
应试技巧与策略：1.对于主旨概括题，要通读全文，分清主旨与细节，防止以偏概全。
这类题目大多是要求给出文章的题目。
文章的标题可以是一个完整的句子、简洁的短语或者是一个问题，书写时要特别注意字母的大小写和字数问题。
题目可以全部用大写；可以实词第一个字母大写，虚词第一个字母小写；也可以第一个字母用大写，其余除专有名词外全部用小写。
如果是个疑问句，可以在题目后加问号，但如果是陈述句则不必加句号。
2.英文释义题，也可称句子替代题，要求从文章中找出与所给的句子含义相同的句子来，一般读懂了文章，弄清了所给句子和文中相应句子的意思即可答出，该题是阅读表达中相对比较简单的一个题。
3.对于句子填空，要充分利用文章中表示对比、转折、因果、递进、条件等关系的连接词，结合上下文语境，来搞清楚需要填的究竟是什么含义的句子。
4.做翻译句子的题时，一定要使句子意思切合语境，表达简洁、准确、到位，不可罗罗索嗦、颠三倒四、词不达意。
（A）A philosophy professor stood before his class with some items on the desk in front of? him. When the final student was seated he picked up a large and empty glass bottle and proceeded to fill it with rocks about 2 inches in diameter(直径). He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.He then picked up a box of pebbles（鹅卵石） and added them to jar, shaking it lightly. The pebbles , of course, rolled into the open areas between the rocks. "Is the jar filled now?" "Yes," the students said.But then he picked up a bag of sand and poured it into the bottle. The sand filled in everything else. Once more he asked if it was full and after some thinking they said thatit was.The professor then took two cans of beer from a bag at the side of the desk and opening them both, poured their entire contents into the jar. The students roared at this demonstration.After the laughter subsided the professor spoke again: "I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life. The rocks are the important things in your life; your family, your partner, your health, your children...things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your lifewould still be full. The pebbles are the other things that matter... like your job, your house, and your car. The sandis everything else. The small stuff. If you put the sand into the jar first there is no room for the pebbles or the rocks." "The same goes for your life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out dancing. There will always be time to go to work, clean the house, or rewire the lamp. Take care of the rocks first...the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The else is just sand."After the impact of what he had said settled, one of the students raised her hand and __________"I'm glad you asked." he replied." It just goes to prove that no matter how full your life may seem, there's always room for a couple of beers."1．What’s the best title of the passage ? (within 10 words )_____________________________________________________________ ___________2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?The pebbles or rocks won’t be put into the jar if the sand was put into it first because of no room._____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________3.Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (within 10 words) _____________________________________________________________ ____________4.What do you learn from the passage ? (within 30 words)_____________________________________________________________ ________5. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese._____________________________________________________________ ________【答案与解析】1.Life Is a Bottle of Rocks2. If you put the sand into the jar first there is no roomfor the pebbles or the rocks."3. inquired what the beer represented.4. We can’t spend our all our time and energy on the small stuff ,because we have some things which are really important for us and our families.5.那只是为了证明，无论你将生活安排得怎样满满当当的，喝啤酒的时间总还是有的的。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解强化系列(04)及解析
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解强化系列（04）及解析ANo one knows where the phrase “Indian summer” got started. We are sure that the phrase was well－known by the year 1778, because Crevecoeur, an American writer, described it like this: “A hard frost(霜冻)follows the autumn rains. This prepares the ground to receive the snows of winter. But before the snows come, the earth turns warm once again and there are a few days of smoke and mildness called Indian summer.”There is a story about Indian summer that goes back to the very first settlers of the New World. The first frost meant winter was coming. Snow would soon follow. The Indians, seeing the settlers preparing for winter, told them not to hurry. The weather would turn warm, mild breezes would blow and the sky would turn soft and smoky. And so it did. The sun became hotter, and a bright warm smoke flowed over the fields and woods. The settlers, remembering the words of the Indians, called this wonderful period Indian summer.But the Indians have their own stories about this late period of warm weather. One of their stories is about a god called Shawondasee.Shawondasee was a sad god because he had lost the love of a tall and beautiful Indian maiden. The sad and beautiful story caught the imagination of the American poet Henry Wad sworth Longfellow. In 1855 he included the story of Shawondasee in his poem “The song of Hiawatha”.The story goes like this：God Shawondasee, fat and lazy, lived under the dreamy and never－ending southern sun. He sent birds and wild geese to the north, as well as melons and grapes. He smoked a big pipe, and as the smoke rose, it filled the sky with dreamy softness, gave a bright shine to the water and brought the tender Indian summer to the melancholy northland.There is something about this period of warm weather that gives people a lift and makes them feel warm and happy before the long snows of winter come.5．Which season does “Indian summer” refer to?A. Early spring.B. Late summer.C. Mid－autumn.D. Early winter.6．Which of the following best describes the weather of this period of time?A. Hot and humid.B. Warm and mild.C. Cool and bright.D. Cold and smoky.7．The Indians’ explanation to this natural phenomenon is that God Shawondasee ______.A. lived under the dreamy southern sunB. took pity on the homeless settlersC. smoked a lot because of his bad moodD. lent his smoking pipe to the Indians8．What is the meaning of the underlined word “melancholy”？A. Sad and lonely.B. Dreamy and exciting.C. Soft and musical.D. Warm and happy.[答案]5．D.词义指代判断题.依据文章中第一段及第三段内容可知Indian summer指旳是初冬，即early winter.故D项正确.6．B.细节理解题.由文章第一段第四句中旳“But bef ore the snows come, the earth turns warm once again and there are a few days of smoke and mildness called Indian summer.”可知，这期间旳天气是温暖柔和旳.7．C.细节理解判断题.依据文章倒数第二段和倒数第三段内容可知，C项正确.8．A.词义理解题.依据文章倒数第三段旳“Shawondasee was a sad god”以及倒数第二段中旳“He sent birds and wild geese to the north, as well as melons and grapes.”可知答案A项为该词旳词义.阅读理解BJune came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummer’s Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr. Jones went into Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday. The man had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back, he immediately went to sleep on the living－room sofa with the “News of the World” over h is face, so that when evening came, the animals were still not fed. At last, they could stand no longer. One of the cows broke into the door of the store －house with her horns(角) and all the animals began to help themselves to the grains. It was just then that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the store－house with whips in their hands, whipping in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals would bear. Together, though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand, they jumped upon their masters. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being struck with their horns and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of their control. They had never seen animals act like this before, and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to beating and whipping just as they chose frightened them. After only a moment or two, they gave up trying to defend themselves.A minute later all five of them were in full fright down the road, with the animals running after them joyfully.1．Which of the following is true according to the story?A. Willington was the name of a hotel.B. Red Lion was the name of a restaurant.C. News of the World was a TV program.D. Store－house is a place to feed the cows.2．The cows broke into the store－house to feed themselves because ______.A. they were so angry at their mastersB. they wanted to fight with the menC. they wanted to go on strikeD. they were too hungry3．The cows jumped upon their masters because ______.A. they were not fedB. they were so hungryC. they were whipped so hard by themD. they were so happy4．What is the best title of the story?A. Midsummer’s EveB. A Bad SundayC. Cows and their MastersD. The Rebellion of the CowsCThe phone is ringing at the other end of the line and it clicks as it is being answered.A voice says quickly, “Hello. Will you hold, please？” Then there is another click, followed by silence. It seems like hours before someone comes back on the line—that is, if you don’t hang up first.Office calls are, perhaps, the most difficult and the most important part of a secretary’s work. The first impression that a client receives about a business is very often through a telephone contact. A caller who is left hanging on “hold” will get the feeling that he or she has been forgotten or ignored. If a call is answered rudely, the caller may become angry. And if the call is not routed directly to the right person, the caller may feel that he or she is getting the “runaround”.Laura Needham is a secretary in the executive office of a large manufacturing company. As a good office secretary, Laura knows that all phone calls must be answered without delay and handled efficiently. She knows that a secretary must be pleasant and helpful, no matter how busy she is or what kind of mood she may be in. She knows she must keep calm if a caller gets impatient or becomes angry; also, of course, she knows she can never allow herself to lose her temper. If she does not have the information the caller asks for, she must know who does have the information. Finally, she knows that one of her most important responsibilities is to “screen telephone calls” and to know which calls to refer to her boss, which calls to refer to other people, and which calls to handle herself.A well－handled telephone call will give the caller a good impression of the company he or she is dealing with. For this reason, an office secretary who can handle telephone calls cheerfully, tactfully (老练旳), and efficiently is a valuable asset to any organization.5．Good secretaries find it ______ to handle office calls well.A. very boringB. very importantC. quite necessaryD. extremely difficult6．The underlined word “runaround” here means ______.A. a flat refusalB. a not－so－warm welcomeC. an unpleasant refusalD. an unhelpful response7．In Laura’s opinion a secretary can never be a good one until ______.A. she often asks her boss how to answer a telephone callB. she knows how to please her clientsC. she has the information that her clients needD. she can keep calm and never loses her temper8．This passage is mainly about ______.A. well－handled telephone callsB. an efficient office secretary called Laura NeedhamC. the importance of how office calls are dealt withD. a secretary being a valuable asset to her company[答案]仲夏前夕，主人离家进城，留下一群奶牛无人喂食.第二天主人返回也忘记给奶牛喂食，结果饥饿难奈旳奶牛冲破食料库房自行觅食.主人醒来发现情况立即召集另外四人鞭打和驱赶进食旳奶牛，谁知饥饿旳奶牛怒而发狂进而攻击主人.1．B.稍难.考查细节判断.根据第一段第二句中旳“Mr. Jones went into Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that...”可知Willington是一个城镇(市)，而Red Lion是一个提供餐饮服务旳地方；他把“News of the World”盖在脸上，说明它是一份报刊或杂志之类旳东西；那些奶牛到“store－house”里面吃食，说明它是存储奶牛草食旳地方；因而判断，B 为最佳答案.2．D.易.考查细节推理.文章谈到，Jones有近两天旳时间没有喂奶牛食料，因此它们是太饥饿才冲进草料仓库吃食.3．C.中.推理判断考查.第一段中谈到Jones和其他四人冲进仓库，用鞭子抽打那些奶牛，这是奶牛们无法忍受旳，因此它们就怒而攻击主人.4．D.易.考查主旨归纳.本文谈论因为受到主人虐待，饥饿旳奶牛怒而发狂进而攻击人旳事，因此D为最佳标题.文章讲述了处理办公电话旳重要性.5．B.细节理解题.由文章最后一句话旳内容，就可得出答案.6．D.猜测词义题.由第二段第四句中“If a call is answered rudely, the caller may become angry. And if the call is not routed directly to the right person, ...”旳内容可推测出runaround是“推诿”旳意思.7．D.推理判断题.由文章第三段内容可得出答案.8．C.主旨大意题.通读全文即可归纳出文章旳中心.阅读理解DIt may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious (明显旳) to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no_one_will_be_any_the_wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter. If you have ever listen ed to Martin Luther King’s famous speech－“I Have a Dream”，you may notice that he stumbles (结巴) over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech－making.People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech －making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication (交流). They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice－skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance. They are looking for a well－thought －out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making h im more human.As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.1．The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ______.A. be smarter than youB. notice your mistakesC. do better than youD. know what you are talking about2．You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ______.A. your attention is on the contentB. you don’t fully understand the speechC. you don’t know what the speaker plans to sayD. you find the way of speech－making more important3．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. giving a speech is like giving a performanceB. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be badC. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is madeD. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be4．What would be the best title for the passage?A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker.B. How to Make a Perfect Speech.C. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech.D. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech.EConcern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities, the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappointing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work, emphasis now falls on ever－increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.Some day that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so－called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly－line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to enjoy in the smell of a freshly－picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?Since the late 1950’s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by triumph of this competitiveness, goods－oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, convenience, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is more preferable to the old.5．The passage is about ______.A. changes in the lifestyle of the FrenchB. criticism of the old lifestyleC. approval of the new lifestyleD. analysis of the old way of life in France6．The old French way of life mainly featured ______.A. elegance, leisure and romanticismB. efficiency, elegance and leisureC. elegance, leisure and tasteD. efficiency, leisure and taste7．Which of the following about the French is NOT true?A. They show more concerns about money than before.B. They do enjoy working on the assembly line.C. Many of them prefer the new lifestyle to the old.D. They are more competitive than the elder generation.8．What is the attitude of the general Frenchmen towards the new lifestyle?A. They fear that France is threatened by the new trend.B. They are unsatisfied with the new way of life.C. They welcome the new lifestyle enthusiastically.D. They confuse the traditional lifestyle with the new one.[答案]1．B.这是一道推断题.根据第一段第三句“Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say.”可知如果你在演讲中出现了错误，例如弄错了句子旳顺序，或者没有及时停顿，不用在意，因为没人会注意到你旳错误.2．A.这是一道推断题.根据第二段“Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter...Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech－making.”可知听众主要旳注意力在演讲旳内容上，所以就算有些错误也不会被记住.3．B.这是一道推理题.根据第三段最后一句“Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.”可知有时犯一个两个错误会使演讲更加有吸引力，不一定是坏事.4．C.这是一道主旨题.本文旳主要观点是完美旳演讲是不可能旳，大众旳注意力主要在演讲旳内容上，偶尔犯错误也没有关系.文章讲述旳是有关法国人生活方式旳变化.5．A.主旨大意题.根据文章每段主题句内容可知，文章讲述旳是有关法国人生活方式旳变化.6．C.细节理解题.由文章第二段最后两句话旳内容可得出答案.7．B.细节理解题.由文章第二段第四句话旳内容，可知B项说法错误.8．C.细节理解题.由文章最后一段内容可以得出.。
2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意题课件
考点2 文章大意题
辨明题类
文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息， 概括归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依 据，是对文章深层次的理解。
设问形式常有： (1)he general/main idea of the passage is ． (2)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text? (3)The passage/text is mainly about ． (4)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (5)The passage mainly focuses on ．
(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句。 (3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语， 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)。 (4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题 句。 (5) 表 示 总 结 或 结 论 的 句 子 常 包 含 therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
辨明题类 标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结 构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。设问形式常有： (1)What is the best title for this passage? (2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text? (3)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? (4)The most suitable title of this passage is “ ”． 最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。②针对性强， 标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题四任务型阅读讲义
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题四任务型阅读讲义 [江苏高考任务型阅读近五年考情统计]年份标题词数阅读文体xx Population Change 488 说明文xx An Extension of the Human Brain 430 说明文xx What News Stories Do You Read？411 说明文xx What Is Peer Pressure 407 议论文xx Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious 414 说明文[说]从上表可以看出，近五年任务型阅读文章的体裁以说明文为主，偶有议论文出现，词数在400～500之间，一般都比较难。
这类文章结构清晰，很容易把握文章脉络。
在题材的选取上更加富有时代气息，更加贴近考生的实际生活。
xx年江苏高考任务型阅读“难度依旧”，是全卷中难度最大的题。
要想任务型阅读得高分，考生必须具备极强的信息转换和概括能力！在复习中，要注意以下几点：1．注意对词义和词性转化的积累，提高对固定搭配的敏感度。
2．重视对句子、段落与文章之间的逻辑关系的剖析，多进行概括总结题的训练。
3．熟读课文和历年高考真题中的任务型阅读、完形填空和阅读理解经典篇目，培养对原汁原味文章深入理解的语感。
[感悟真题](xx·江苏高考)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。
每个空格只填一个单词。
Population ChangeWhy is the world's population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By xx the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 birthsper woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing subreplacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations), but you'd be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all longtime alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India's workingage population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from xx－2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its workingage population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.[答案与解析]语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
2019版高考英语二轮复习(通用版)讲义阅读理解之题型篇 专题一 第四讲 词义猜测题——上下文中求答案含解析
第四讲词义猜测题——上下文中求答案词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
③The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
④The weather in this area is treacherous;_its sudden changes often endanger the lives of sailors.分号后的句子在解释什么样的天气是treacherous, sudden change与treacherous在语义上相对应，因此含义是“突变的”。
⑤Some good readers find it helpful to use their sense to visualize — or picture — what they read.visualize的意思由破折号后的picture(想象)给出了说明，因此含义为“想象”。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲题型破解__推理判断
考点3 写作意图题辨明题类通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。
所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
设问形式常有：1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图(1)The writer writes this passage in order to ．(2)The purpose of the text is to ．(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us that ．2．某处细节的写作目的/意图(1)The writer uses．．．in the first paragraph to ．(2)The writer uses the example of．．．to ．(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to ．技法点拨通常可依据文体特点来推断作者写作意图：1．记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。
2．应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。
3．说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。
4．议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
真题体验(2021·全国乙卷C)You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4．8 and 12．7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year．But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does．He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products．At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，”a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash．Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam．Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled．Plastic straws are by no means thebiggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled．Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes．Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear．In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean．For this work, titled “Truc kload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped (倾倒)from a truck all at once．Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint．29．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3？A．To show the difficulty of their recycling．B．To explain why they are useful．C．To voice his views on modern art．D．To find a substitute for them．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，把握出题意图：Why discuss，plastic straws；第二步：通过题干中的Paragraph 3迅速定位第三段，该段讲的是“全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。