科普知识类

科普知识类ASince the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Milan and Michele Avella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.In the laboratory, Avella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.”Avella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof. Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.1．How did Avella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?A. By controlling his muscles.B. By talking to the machine.C. By moving his hand.D. By using his mind.2．Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair3．The team will test with real patients to ________.A. make profits from themB. prove the technology useful to themC. make them live longerD. learn about their physical condition4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Research CenterB. New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries答案与解析1.D细节理解题。

根据第三段可知Tavella只是思考动他的左右手就能操作这个轮椅。

甚至当他观察这台机器时就能进行交流，也能用他的思想指导机器人工作。

因此机器人是在人脑的思想支配下进行工作的。

故D项正确。

2.C细节理解题。

根据第五段可知，首先研究人员为用户设计一种特殊的帽子，它会捕捉头皮发出的信号并将其传给电脑。

电脑将这些信号进行分析翻译，给监控下的机器人轮椅发出指令。

机器人轮椅装有两部摄像头能识别信号路径中的物体，从而帮助电脑对人脑的指令作出反应。

故此处C项正确。

3．B推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from”可知，在患者身上进行实验是他们团队工作的一个目标，旨在证明这项技术对他们有益。

故正确答案选B项。

4.C主旨大意题。

本文为科技说明文，开篇点题。

介绍科学家研究的这项新技术BCI，对残疾人大有裨益。

故正确答案为C项。

BToday just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”. On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.1. According to the passage, computers can not help farmers decide _______.A. how much money they can earn from their productsB. whether to plant a certain kind of cropC. when to sell their productsD. what livestock to raise2. Which of the following statements is true?A. Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.B. Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms.C. Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.D. Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothingwithout the help of computers on today’s farms.3. According to the engineers, ______will be done by robots in the near future.A. all farm workB. milking cowsC. most of the farm workD. some farm work4. What is the best title for the whole passage?A. Computer, farmers’ best friendB. Farmers In the futureC. The agricultural revolutionD. Computers and robots【答案与解析】本文介绍了科学技术在农业方面的重大作用以及机器人将在农业中的应用。