高中英语语法导学案:基本句型及成分分析
(完整word)高中教案英语句子成分析

(完整word)高中教案英语句子成分析英语句子成分I教学内容英语句子八种成分英语简单句基本句型II 教学目标1.知识目标:学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型2.能力目标:简单句基本句型的识别和运用3.情感目标:通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习,为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下坚实的基础,树立起学好英语的信心。
III 教学重难点及方法1.教学重点:理解英语中构成各成分的词性2.教学难点:学习和运用基本句型3.教学方法:explaining, discovering & practicingIV 教学步骤Step1 significance英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成,环环相扣,相辅相成,英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置,可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。
学习单词和词组的时候,我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组,与此同时,句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位,因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。
学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的,并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分,学好了该部分的知识,对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助,只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型,我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子,才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。
Step2 the sentence elements英语句子成分可分为8种:主语(subject); 谓语动词(predicate); 表语(predicative);宾语(object);宾语补足语(object complement);定语(attribute);状语(adverbial);主语补足语(subject complement)一.主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分,往往由名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。
1.Walls have ears. →名词2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词3.Three and four is seven. →数词4.To see is to believe. →To do不定时5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing 动名词6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子T:相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的,关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。
高中英语人教版句子成分分析

句子成分分析(一)、五种基本句型【导入一】朗读下列句子并归纳主、谓结构。
1. The war broke out in 1937.2. The books will arrive tomorrow.3. China lies in the east of Asia.【教师点拨】分析句子,并写出句子结构。
→_______________________(+状语).【配套练习】汉译英1. 星期天的时候,我们经常去公园滑冰.________________________________________________.2. 昨天晚上雨下得很大.________________________________________________.3. 在过去的三年中,中国发生了巨大的变化。
_________________________________________________.【教师点拨】1、常见的不及物动词短语:take place/ occur / come about /happen, come off, come into being,come out, come true, disappear, break out, burst into, arrive/ get, apologize,argue, depend, turn up/out。
2、不及物动词短语的用法注意:1)注意汉英的顺序;2)他们无被动态。
【导入二】朗读下列句子并归纳主、谓、宾句子结构。
1. I wrote a letter yesterday.2. He hurt himself when he fell off his bike.【教师点拨】分析句子,并写出句子结构。
→___________________________________________ 【配套练习】汉译英。
1. 我取得了具大的进步。
___________________________________________________.2. 我在学校里学到了很多东西。
高中英语语法——句子成分分析 word版

一、句子成分英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析(语法高手必备)英语句子成分分析(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分(一般共九中成分);主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
(二)主语: 主语 (Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
(但在 there b e 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
)主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。
例如:(请画出主语) Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus.He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. (主语从句) (三)谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语 之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are s tudents.谓语 体现时态和语态•时态(与非谓语比较)语态现在时: 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/doIs/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doingIs/am/are+Is /am/are+being+ Has/have+been+ ---------------------- 现在完成进行时: 过去时:一般过去时: Was/were+---或did过去进行时: Was/were+doing过去完成时:Had+done过去将来时:Would/should+doWas/were+ Was/were+being+Had+been+Would/should+be+将来时: 一般将来时:Shall/will+doShall/will+be+将来进行时:Sh a ll/will+b e +doing将来完成时:S h a ll/will+h ave +don e ----------------------- Shall/will+have+been+非谓语动 to doto have done to be doing to be doneto have been donedoinghaving done donebeing donehaving been done1. She found the door closed.2. Having been told many times, he made the same mistake.3. Given more time, we could do it much better.4. Walking on the street, he came across his former teacher.5. The meeting being held is very important.6. A big fire broke out in a shop, causing 100 deaths. (四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如 be, b ecome, g et, l ook, g row, turn, s eem 等)之后。
专题二 高中英语语法句子结构成分分析报告主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。
考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。
7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。
1.During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class aregirls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test hasnot been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子成分和基本句型(PDF版)

表:
动词分类
动词分类 1
动词分类 2
1、 不及物动词
1、不带宾语的动词
2、带一个宾语的及物动词
2、及物动词
3、带两个宾语的及物动词
4、带宾语和宾语补足语的及物动词
3、连系动词
5、带主语补足语(表语)的动词
从本表中我们看到,动词可以分为五类,因而就决定了英语的五种基本句型。英语的五种基本句型与上述动 词分
基本句型一:S+ V(主+谓)
S│V(不及物动词)
1.
Thesun│isshining.
2.Theboy│getsup.3.Weall│eat,anddrink.
主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.
2.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.
19.Ifoundthebookeasy. 20.Tom foundJim anapartment 21.WefoundJohnaloyal(忠心的)friend.
【课后强化巩固练习】
判断下列句子属于何种句型并翻译成汉语:
1.Iusuallycometoschoolbysubway. 2.Yournewbikelooksverynice! 3.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm. 4.Heusuallyplayssoccer,buthedoesn’tplaybasketball. 5.I’m makingcards,butit’sboring. 6.Theyaredoingsomecleaninginthelab. 7.IthinkyoumustlikeEnglishverymuch. 8.Myfavoritesubjectishistory. 9.Myteachersandclassmatesareverykindtome. 10.Thereisastudynexttomybedroom. 11.Don’tputthemthere. 12.Youmustlookafteryourthings. 13.Manyfamilywithyoungchildrenlivehere,too. 14.Theairisfreshandlifeisquietinthecountryside. 15.Myfriendswanttohaveabirthdaypartyforme. 16.ItwasMay13th. 17.Icancook,butIcan’tdrawpictures. 18.I’dliketotaketheseflowerstotheparty. 19.Ican’tcountsomanyflowers. 20.Shecandoitverywell. 21.Oneyearago,shecouldn’tdoitatall. 22.Webroughtmanypresentsforhim. 23.EachofusgaveKangkangabirthdaycard. 24.It’sagoodseasonforflyingkite. 25.You’dbetterknowabouttheweatherindifferentplacesinAugust. 26.InmostareasofChina,itisveryhot. 27.Isawyouplaybasketballalmosteverydayduringthesummerholidays. 28.Shedoeswellin(playing)baseball. 29.I’m sureourteam willwinnexttime. 30..Heinventedanindoorgameforhisstudentssothattheycouldplayiteveninbadweather.
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析教案

五种基本句型及句子成分的分析教案五种基本句型及句子成分的分析第一节破解英语句子之密码“钥匙”——五种基本句型五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础,是分析千千万万个句子的基础,因为众多的句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。
所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是:看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种;能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么,能够快速分割,快速整合.我觉得,句子成分分析的最高境界就是:能“分”能“合”,(分,是为了更快的理解句义,合,是为了更好的理解句义)这一切都是在瞬间完成的。
怎样才能具备这种能力呢?先理解理论(怎么去做的方法)后多实践做练习,我认为实践是最重要的,能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。
在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。
如:哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆,这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握,不做练习,只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。
如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握,有助于英语句子成分的学习,因为本来汉语句子成分分析那一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。
下面我们将具体讲解这五种基本句型五种基本句型之主(语)+系(动词)+表(语)首先我们来认识主语,主语是五种基本句型都具备的。
从位置上来看,主语一般在句子开头,也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”:从意义上理解,主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”,后面的一切都是针对主语来说的,那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢,一般是名词或代词(当然还有其他,这里暂且不表)系动词是联系动词的简称,顾名思义,它是起到联系作用的动词,是连接主语和表语的。
系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词:一 be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were二表示变化类:become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go三感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)四表示延续性的动词:remain 、stay 、keep经常会有学生问“啥是表语呀?”答曰:表语有两个特征:一从位置上来讲,它总是在系动词后面(系动词和表语关系甚为紧密,没有系动词,就没有表语:没有表语,就没有系动词,正所谓“皮之不存,毛将焉附”)。
高中英语语法基础之 (经典)英语句子成分分析( 基础)

英语句子成分1·主语句子一般要有主语。
在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。
■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
2.谓语谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语(及物动词是动词后直接加宾语)We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?■不及物动词作谓语(不及物动词是不能直接加宾语,借助介词)He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。
高中英语语法导学案:基本句型及成分分析

高中英语语法导学案:基本句型及成分分析掌握英语的句子成分定义和分类:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补,同位语。
一、主语(subject)定义:是一个句子所叙述的主体,说明动作是“谁,什么”发出的,一般位于句首。
由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、词组或复合结构、从句来充当。
举例:Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.二、谓语(verb)定义:是对主语加以陈述,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,一般由V.充当,放在主语之后(英语句子的灵魂)举例:(1)由单一动词V或动词短语做谓语We appreciate your help a lot. I saw the flag on the top of the hill.The plane took off. The Second World War broke out in 1939.(2)情态V + V原情态动词包含:______________________________________ He can speak English well.(3)助动词+ 实义动词一起作谓语,可以用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before. 助动词有______________________________________________________________(4)动词+ 不定式(to+V原) He refused to take the offer given by the adviser.(5)连系动词+表语系动词_________________________________________The newly- baked bread tastes delicious.They are from America.三、宾语(object)定义:动作的对象或承受者,一般位于vt.和prep.之后举例:Show your passport, please. She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two.They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.四、宾补(object complement)定义:有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态,这类常用的及物动词有:make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep举例:I found the book interesting.I make my students interested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now.We found it necessary to study English.五、表语(predicative)定义:在系动词后的部分就是表语, 用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
掌握英语的句子成分定义和分类:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补,同位语。
一、主语(subject)定义:是一个句子所叙述的主体,说明动作是“谁,什么”发出的,一般位于句首。
由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、词组或复合结构、从句来充当。
举例:Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.二、谓语(verb)定义:是对主语加以陈述,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,一般由V.充当,放在主语之后(英语句子的灵魂)举例:(1)由单一动词V或动词短语做谓语We appreciate your help a lot. I saw the flag on the top of the hill.The plane took off. The Second World War broke out in 1939.(2)情态V + V原情态动词包含:______________________________________ He can speak English well.(3)助动词+ 实义动词一起作谓语,可以用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before. 助动词有______________________________________________________________(4)动词+ 不定式(to+V原) He refused to take the offer given by the adviser.(5)连系动词+表语系动词_________________________________________The newly- baked bread tastes delicious.They are from America.三、宾语(object)定义:动作的对象或承受者,一般位于vt.和prep.之后举例:Show your passport, please. She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two.They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.四、宾补(object complement)定义:有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态,这类常用的及物动词有:make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep举例:I found the book interesting.I make my students interested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now.We found it necessary to study English.五、表语(predicative)定义:在系动词后的部分就是表语, 用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态。
通常由名词,代词,数词,adj. Ving, to do, adv, 介词短语,从句来充当。
举例:The speech is exciting. They seem to know the truth.Time is precious. There is something wrong with the machine.That remains a puzzle. I don’t feel at ease.That’ s why he came here.His job is taking care of children.We must be off now as it is getting dark.六、定语(adjective)由(adj. N. 代词,名词所有格,数词,不定式,分词短语,动名词,介词短语,adv. 从句) 充当定义:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前–前置定语短语,句子一般放在所修饰词后–后置定语举例:He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel factory.There are 54students in our class. Do you know Betty’s sister?He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good. Tell the children playing there not to make any noise. That is the reason why I am against your advice.He was reading a novel (which was ) written by Charles Dickens.七、状语(adverbial)定义:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。
修饰adj./adv.时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;分类:地点状语、时间状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、条件状语、程度状语、方式状语和伴随状语。
通常由( adv. 介词短语,分词短语,不定式短语,词组,复合结构,从句)来充当。
举例:This book is very interesting. I run fast/quickly.They are playing on the playground at eight. John often came to chat with me.His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. Suddenly, I heard the bird sing a song.He is poor, on the contrary, he is a millionaire.He loves science fiction in particular.With the Internet developing, people have fewer opportunities to communicate faceto face.八、同位语(appositive)定义:对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明(由名词,代词、从句来充当)举例:We young people should respect the old.Alice, our monitor, will attend the class meeting.He himself will do the experiment.He told me the news that our team won the game.I have a firm belief that you I will have a bright future.五种基本句型一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
二、英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+link-V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)(句型一):S+V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
例如:1.Time flies.2. The moon rose.3. The man cooked.4. We all eat, and drink.5. Everybody laughed.6. I woke very soon.7. They talked for half an hour. 8. He walked yesterday .9.He is playing. 10.They have gone.(句型二):S+link-V+P(主+系+表)系动词分两类:(1)表示状态的连系动词:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。
1. This is an English dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. He felt happy.4. Everything looks different.5. He is tall and strong.6. The book is interesting.7. The weather became warmer. 8. His face turned red.(句型三):S+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
1. Who knows the answer?2. She laugh at her.3. He understands English.4. He made cakes.5. They ate some apples.6. Danny likes donuts.7. I want to have a cup of tea. 8. He said “Good morning.”(句型四):S+V+IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。